Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Spinal cord tumor | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor?content_id=CON-20117123

  It’s not clear what causes most spinal cord tumors. A spinal cord tumor starts as a growth of cells in or around the spinal cord. […] A spinal cord tumor starts when cells in the spinal cord or in the tissue around it develop changes in their DNA. […] In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the tumor cells to grow and multiply quickly. […] Sometimes the cells develop DNA changes that turn them into cancer cells.

• #1 What Causes Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-children/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  Most gene changes are probably just random events that sometimes happen inside a cell, without having an outside cause. […] Other than radiation, there are no known lifestyle-related or environmental factors clearly linked to childhood brain tumors, so it’s important to remember that there is nothing these children or their parents could have done to prevent these cancers.

• #1 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442031/

  Although intramedullary spinal cord tumors are mostly sporadic, some are associated with clinical syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis 1 or 2 (NF-1, NF-2) and Von Hippel-Lindau disease. NF-1 is due to a mutation on chromosome 17, which encodes the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromin. About 19% of patients with NF-1 develop an intramedullary spinal cord tumor. NF-1 is largely associated with neurofibromas and intradural extramedullary-type spinal cord tumors. NF-2, caused by a mutation of the tumor suppressor protein schwannomin/merlin on chromosome 22, is reported in 2% of patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Patients with NF-2 more commonly present with ependymomas and occasionally meningiomas (extramedullary). In Von Hippel-Lindau disease, hemangioblastomas are the most frequent intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Overall, astrocytomas are the most commonly encountered intramedullary spinal cord tumors. […] Approximately 80% of intramedullary spinal cord tumors are gliomas, which can be subdivided into astrocytomas and ependymomas. Astrocytomas are more common in children with intramedullary spinal cord tumors, whereas ependymomas are more often found in adults with intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

• #1 Spinal Cord Tumor Causes | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/spinal-cord-tumor/types/causes

  The exact spinal cord tumor itself cannot be inherited. However, in cases in which a known genetic disorder is involved, the gene mutation that contributed to its development might be passed down and increase the risk of a tumor forming on the spinal cord. The following are hereditary conditions known to be associated with spinal cord tumor development. […] These genetic conditions are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that affected people have a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene to their children. […] Unfortunately, spinal cord tumors cannot be prevented. They often occur spontaneously with no clear cause. However, there are certain steps that you can take to maintain overall health and potentially reduce the risk of some types of tumors in general. […] Primary tumors are thought to be caused by genetic mutations that lead to a dysfunction in cell growth, but the exact cause of such mutations is unclear. […] Certain hereditary conditions, such as NF1, NF2, and VHL disease, can lead to tumor growth in different areas of the body, including the spinal cord. […] There is currently no known method for preventing spinal cord tumors.

• #1 Spinal Tumors: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17500-spinal-tumors

  Spinal tumors can form anywhere in and along your spinal column, which includes your vertebrae, spinal cord and the tissues surrounding your spinal cord. Most spinal tumors result from cancer metastasis cancer that has spread from another area of your body to your spine. […] The cause of a spinal tumor depends on what type it is primary or secondary (metastatic). […] Scientists arent sure of the cause of most primary spinal tumors. Some of them may be caused by exposure to cancer-causing chemicals or substances. Spinal cord lymphomas (cancers that affect a type of immune cell) are more common in people with weakened immune systems. Spinal tumors can sometimes run in families, so scientists think theres likely a genetic component. […] By definition, secondary (metastatic) spinal tumors are caused by cancer that formed elsewhere in your body and spread (metastasized) to your spine.

• #1 Spinal Tumors: Symptoms & Causes | Och Spine at NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/ochspine/spinal-tumors/symptoms

  Spinal tumors include benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) growths that can develop within the vertebrae (bones of the spine), next to the spinal column, or within the vertebral canal or the spinal cord. They may originate from the spine (primary tumors) or spread from another body part in people with cancer (secondary or metastatic tumors). […] There is no known direct cause of spinal tumors. Possible causes may differ depending on the type of tumor: […] Possible causes of primary tumors may include: […] Exposure to cancer-causing substances or chemicals […] Weakened immune system. Spinal cord lymphomas are more common in people who are immunocompromised […] Genetic defects. Defective genes may play a role, whether inherited or developed over time […] Secondary spinal tumors are caused by cancer cells spreading from another part of the body, often through the blood or lymphatic system. […] Types of cancer that commonly metastasize to the spine or spinal cord include: […] Breast cancer […] Lung cancer […] Colon cancer […] Lymphoma […] Melanoma […] Thyroid cancer […] Prostate cancer […] Kidney cancer.

• #1 Spinal Tumors: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17500-spinal-tumors

  Metastases most commonly develop when cancer cells break away from the main tumor and enter your bloodstream or lymphatic system. These systems carry fluids around your body, so they can carry cancer cells from one area of your body to another. […] Since your spine has a significant blood supply and is near lymphatic and venous drainage systems, its generally vulnerable to metastasis.

• #1 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/251133-overview

  Individuals with type I and type II neurofibromatosis (NF1 and NF2) have been recognized for some time as having an increased incidence of intramedullary spinal tumors, as well many other kinds of tumors, compared with the general population. This general predisposition to tumors has been linked to germline mutations in 2 different genes named for their associated diseases. Patients with the NF1 gene are predisposed to spinal astrocytomas, whereas patients with the NF2 gene are predisposed to spinal ependymomas. Genetic analyses of spinal ependymomas from individuals without syndromic neurofibromatosis have shown somatic mutations in the NF2 gene in a subset of cases. […] The identification of mitotically active neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells throughout the central nervous system has altered current thinking about how all intrinsic CNS tumors arise. Many lines of evidence point toward neural stem cells as the cells of origin in brain tumors. This line of inquiry is not nearly as advanced in the spinal cord, but some preliminary work has shown similarities between tumor cells from spinal ependymomas and neural stem cells from the spinal cord.

• #1 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/251133-overview

  The other relatively common type of intramedullary spinal tumor is hemangioblastoma. Hemangioblastomas are thought to arise from red blood cell precursors and are not intrinsic spinal cord tumors, but they are often anatomically intramedullary because of their association with the blood vessels that penetrate and nourish the spinal cord. Hemangioblastomas occur as a result of mutations in a tumor suppressor gene called vhl, which was found to be altered in patients with the neurocutaneous disorder von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). Patients are predisposed to form hemangioblastomas in the brain and spinal cord, and somatic mutations in the vhl gene have been found in tumors from patients without syndromic VHL.

• #1

  https://www.acco.org/blog/causes-risk-factors-and-prevention-of-childhood-brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors/

  What causes brain and spinal cord tumors in children? […] Scientists are still trying to learn exactly why some cells grow, function, and die normally, while others grow abnormally and develop into a brain or spinal cord tumor. Brain and spinal cord tumors are most likely caused by mutations (random changes) in the DNA within each cell (our DNA provides instructions governing the function of each cell in our body, and ultimately how our body looks and functions as a whole). […] Ultimately, however, scientists do not know why these mutations occur, especially in children. […] A risk factor is anything that increases an individuals chances of developing a disease like a brain or spinal cord tumor. […] There are very few known risk factors associated with this type of childhood cancer. The only two well-established risk factors are radiation exposure and certain rare inherited genetic conditions.

• #1 Spinal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/spinal-cancer

  Primary spinal cancer develops from cells within the spinal cord or in the surrounding structure of bones, tissues, fluid and nerves. […] The causes of spinal tumors are still largely unknown. Although some genetic conditions may contribute to the development of spinal cancer, the risk factors are much less defined for spinal cancer than for other forms of cancer. […] Known risk factors for spine cancer include: Prior history of cancer, with breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma most likely to spread to the spine; Compromised immune system; Hereditary disorders, including Von Hippel-Lindau disease and neurofibromatosis (NF2); Radiation therapy exposure; Chemical exposure, including to industrial chemicals. […] Having some hereditary diseases, a compromised immune system, previous radiation therapy or exposure to some chemicals may increase the risk of developing spinal cancer.

• #1 Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors

  Anyone can develop a primary brain or spinal cord tumor, but the overall risk is very small. Among people who do develop CNS tumors, they’re most common in older adults. […] Researchers are still figuring out why CNS tumors develop, especially primary ones. Possible causes include: viral infections, exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or hazardous materials, immune system disorders. […] Some conditions that cause tumors tend to run in families and gene mutations or genetic diseases can lead to primary CNS tumors. They can include: Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel Lindau disease. […] Other risk factors for developing a primary CNS tumor include race (White men, for instance, are more likely to develop a CNS tumor) and occupation. Specifically, workers in jobs that require repeated contact with ionizing radiation or certain chemicals including materials used in building supplies, plastics, textiles have a greater chance of developing a brain tumor.

• #1 Spinal Cord Tumor Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/s/spinal-cord-tumor-overview.html

  Researchers dont know what causes these tumors. Healthcare providers also do not have a clear idea about the risk factors for these tumors. […] A rare genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis has been linked to a higher risk of spinal cord tumors as well as other kinds of tumors. A weak immune system may also increase a person’s risk for spinal cord tumors.

• #1 WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF SPINAL CORD TUMORS? – CENTRE FOR ENDOSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC SPINE AND BRAIN SURGERIES

  https://hyderabadneurosurgeon.co.in/what-are-the-causes-of-spinal-cord-tumors/

  Direct or indirect exposure to cancerous chemicals or substances may lead to the cause of spinal cord tumors. These substances may transfer by air or by physical contact. These substances may be present in the environment. […] A compromised immune system may lead to spinal cord tumors as it increases the prevalence of spinal cord lymphomas. These lymphomas affect the immune cells i.e. lymphocytes. […] Secondary tumors, also known as metastasized tumors, are a common cause of spinal cord tumors. These tumors are spread to the spine from elsewhere in the body. Usually, they spread by entering the systems that are responsible for the exchange of fluids around the body such as the lymphatic system or the bloodstream. These systems transfer the cancer cells with the fluid they are already supplying. Spinal tumors may also develop from the primary tumor present nearby such as in the liver, lungs, abdomen, and bones.

• #1 Spinal Cord Tumors Causes | Health Insight – Acibadem Health Point – ACIBADEM Hospitals – Acibadem Health Group

  https://www.acibademhealthpoint.com/spinal-cord-tumors-causes-health-insight/

• #1 Spinal Cord Tumors: Understanding, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.drhimanshugupta.com/blogs/spinal-cord-tumors-understanding-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  The exact cause of spinal cord tumors is not known. However, there are several factors that may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor, including: 1. Age: Spinal cord tumors are more common in older adults. 2. Genetics: Some genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis, increase the risk of developing spinal cord tumors. 3. Exposure to radiation: Exposure to high doses of radiation can increase the risk of developing spinal cord tumors. 4. Personal history of cancer: People who have had cancer in the past are at a higher risk of developing spinal cord tumors. […] The exact cause of spinal cord tumors is not known. However, there are several factors that may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor, including: 1. Age: Spinal cord tumors are more common in older adults. 2. Genetics: Some genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis, increase the risk of developing spinal cord tumors. 3. Exposure to radiation: Exposure to high doses of radiation can increase the risk of developing spinal cord tumors. 4. Personal history of cancer: People who have had cancer in the past are at a higher risk of developing spinal cord tumors.

• #1 Spine Tumor Causes and Diagnoses | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/brain-and-spine-cancers/tumors-of-spine/causes-and-diagnoses

  The exact cause of spine tumors is unknown, but certain factors can contribute to your chances of developing these types of tumors. Risk factors include: […] Researchers have also looked at other factors that might increase your risk of developing a spine tumor, including: […] While there isn’t yet any strong evidence linking these other factors to spine tumors, research on these possible links remains ongoing.

• #2 Spinal Tumors: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17500-spinal-tumors

  Spinal tumors can form anywhere in and along your spinal column, which includes your vertebrae, spinal cord and the tissues surrounding your spinal cord. Most spinal tumors result from cancer metastasis cancer that has spread from another area of your body to your spine. […] The cause of a spinal tumor depends on what type it is primary or secondary (metastatic). […] Scientists arent sure of the cause of most primary spinal tumors. Some of them may be caused by exposure to cancer-causing chemicals or substances. Spinal cord lymphomas (cancers that affect a type of immune cell) are more common in people with weakened immune systems. Spinal tumors can sometimes run in families, so scientists think theres likely a genetic component. […] By definition, secondary (metastatic) spinal tumors are caused by cancer that formed elsewhere in your body and spread (metastasized) to your spine.

• #2

  https://www.acco.org/blog/causes-risk-factors-and-prevention-of-childhood-spinal-cord-cancer-tumors/

  What causes spinal cord tumors in children? […] On-going research indicates that most spinal cord tumors are probably caused by mutations or changes to the genetic structure of the nerve cells. […] But what causes these gene mutations? In the vast majority of cases, scientists simply do not know why these gene mutations occur. […] However, in some rare cases, gene changes stemming from inherited genetic syndromes may carry an elevated risk of developing a spinal cord or brain tumor. […] The only other known risk factor for spinal cord tumors (and brain tumors) is exposure to radiation. […] Spinal cord tumors are nearly always the result of random gene mutations and can neither be predicted nor prevented.

• #2 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/251133-overview

  The etiology of intramedullary spinal tumors remains obscure but undoubtedly varies according to histology. Most intramedullary spinal cord tumors are considered to be glial in origin because they are histologically and immunohistochemically similar to differentiated non-neuronal cell types, such as ependymal cells and astrocytes, which occur in nonpathologic spinal cord tissue. The traditional thinking is that tumors occur when these differentiated cells, which normally stop propagating after spinal cord development, acquire mutations that cause them to divide again in an uncontrolled fashion. […] There is increasing evidence that genes regulating radial glial cell differentiation play a role in molecular pathogenesis. Compared to supratentorial and posterior fossa ependymomas, spinal ependymomas overexpressed homeobox (HOX) family genes and insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1). Distinct malignant transformations in regional radial glial cells also can give rise to anatomically and molecularly distinct ependymomas. These findings underscore the notion that cranial and spinal ependymomas should be considered separately, for both clinical management and biological investigation.

• #2 Spinal Tumors – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/spinal-tumors/

  The cause of most primary spinal tumors is unknown. Some of them may be attributed to exposure to cancer-causing agents. Spinal cord lymphomas, which are cancers that affect lymphocytes (a type of immune cell), are more common in people with compromised immune systems. There appears to be a higher incidence of spinal tumors in particular families, so there is most likely a genetic component. […] In a small number of cases, primary tumors may result from presence of these two genetic diseases: […] Neurofibromatosis 2: In this hereditary (genetic) disorder, benign tumors may develop in the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord or in the supporting glial cells. […] Von Hippel-Lindau disease: This rare, multi-system disorder is associated with benign blood vessel tumors (hemangioblastomas) in the brain, retina and spinal cord, and with other types of tumors in the kidneys or adrenal glands.

• #2 Spinal tumor Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/spinal-tumor

  A spinal tumor is a growth of cells (mass) in or around the spinal cord. […] Any type of tumor may occur in the spine, including primary and secondary tumors. […] The cause of primary spinal tumors is unknown. Some primary spinal tumors occur with certain inherited gene mutations. […] Secondary tumors or metastasis: these tumors are cancer cells coming from other areas of the body. […] Prostate, lung, breast, thyroid, and kidney cancer tend to spread to the bones including the spine.

• #2 Spinal tumor – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_tumor

  The cause of spinal tumors is unknown. Most extradural tumors are metastatic commonly from breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. […] The majority of extradural tumors are due to metastasis, most commonly from breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. […] The cause of the majority of spinal tumors is currently not known. Primary spinal tumors are associated with a few genetic syndromes. […] Neurofibromas are associated with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Meningiomas and schwannomas are associated with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). Intramedullary hemangioblastomas can be seen in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Spinal cord lymphomas are commonly seen in patients with suppressed immune systems.

• #2 Spinal Tumors | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/spinal-tumors/

  Tumors develop because of mutations (genetic changes) in the DNA tissue within cells. This allows the affected tissue to grow faster than normal. Causes of tumor development can be from gene mutations, inherited conditions, family histories of cancer, exposure to toxins including smoking and benzine among others, radiation exposure, excessive sunlight exposure, obesity, and viruses. […] Secondary Tumors are cancerous. These are called secondary tumors because affected cells have traveled from some other location in the body. However, secondary tumors can also arise at the site of origin. […] Ewings sarcoma is a bone and soft tissue cancer occurring in children and young adults. This cancer is not inherited but develops from spontaneous changes in the genes EWSR1 chromosome 22 and FLI1. It changes the genetic makeup of the individual.

• #2 Spinal Cord Tumor Causes | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/spinal-cord-tumor/types/causes

  Certain genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and von HippelLindau disease, are associated with an increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. These conditions involve specific genetic mutations that predispose individuals to tumor growth in the nervous system, including the spinal cord. […] Previous exposure to radiation, either during medical treatment or for occupational reasons, has been linked to an increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. Radiation-related spinal cord tumors are relatively rare but can occur years after radiation therapy. […] Spinal cord tumors can occur in people of any age or sex. Although most cases occur sporadically without a clear underlying cause, patients with certain genetic conditions, excessive radiation exposure, and/or previous history of cancer can be at increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

• #2 Types of Spinal Cancer: Common, Rare and More Varieties

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/spinal-cancer/types

  Most tumors of the spine are metastatic tumors, which have spread to the spine from another location in the body, such as the breast, prostate or kidney. […] A hereditary disease called neurofibromatosis type 2 increases your risk of developing glial cell tumors. […] These cancers in the spinal cord often have unknown causes, though some may be from exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) such as chemicals or pollutants.

• #2 Causes of Spinal Cord Tumors Explained – Acibadem Health Point – ACIBADEM Hospitals – Acibadem Health Group

  https://www.acibademhealthpoint.com/causes-of-spinal-cord-tumors-explained/

  Causes of Spinal Cord Tumors Explained Learning about spinal cord tumor causes is complex. These neurological tumors come from many things. Things like genes, family history, and work can cause them. […] As we get older, our genes and spine can change. This makes us more likely to get spinal cord tumors. Things like what we eat, how active we are, and our gender also matter. Some people are more at risk because of their health or infections. […] Genetic factors are key in spinal cord tumors. Knowing how genes affect tumors helps in early detection and treatment. […] Genes passed down from parents can increase the risk of spinal cord tumors. Mutations in certain genes can cause cells to grow too much. This risk is higher if there’s a family history. […] Studies show that some chemicals and toxins can cause spinal cord tumors. Workers in certain jobs face a big risk. For example, farmers often use pesticides, which can harm their health.

• #2 Spinal Cord Tumors Causes | Health Insight – Acibadem Health Point – ACIBADEM Hospitals – Acibadem Health Group

  https://www.acibademhealthpoint.com/spinal-cord-tumors-causes-health-insight/

  Some studies show a link between infections and tumors. This is seen in viral oncogenesis. Here, viruses might help make tumors, including those in the spinal cord. These tumors happen when viruses mix their genes with host cells. This can cause changes that lead to cancer. […] Some genetic disorders raise the chance of getting spinal cord tumors. For example, neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2 are genetic conditions linked to these tumors. People with these conditions should watch their health closely and get regular check-ups. […] Age is a big factor in getting spinal cord tumors. They can happen at any time but are most common in adults between 30 and 60. Gender and ethnicity might also affect the risk. Men often face a higher risk, and some groups of people might be more likely to get them. […] Your past health history is key to understanding spinal cord tumor risk. Treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can raise this risk. Doctors should keep a close eye on people who have had these treatments, especially if they show signs of spinal cord problems.

• #2

  https://www.acco.org/blog/causes-risk-factors-and-prevention-of-childhood-brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors/

  Radiation exposure: exposure to large amounts of radiation is known to cause some types of cancer, including brain and spinal cord tumors in children. […] Inherited genetic conditions: in less than 5% of cases of childhood brain and spinal cord tumors, children have an inherited genetic condition that may increase their risk of developing a tumor. […] Can the development of brain and spinal cord tumors in children be prevented? […] The answer is always no. There is no known way to prevent or protect against brain or spinal cord tumors, and absolutely nothing that parents or guardians could have done to prevent this disease.

• #2 „Spinal Tumor: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options, and Prevention”

  https://www.doctorshubnepal.com/diseases-conditions/spinal-tumor

  The exact cause of spinal cord tumors is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development. These factors include: […] Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing certain types of spinal cord tumors. […] Having a family history of spinal cord tumors or other types of cancer may increase an individual’s risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. […] Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as radiation or chemicals, may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. […] The risk of developing a spinal cord tumor increases with age. […] Individuals who have received radiation therapy for another condition may be at increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

• #2 Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer | Cancer

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/brain-spinal-cord-cancer

  Most CNS cancers in adults are secondary tumors. Secondary tumors spread to the brain or spinal cord from cancer elsewhere in the body, such as the breast or lungs. Primary CNS cancers start in the brain or spinal cord. […] Experts arent sure what causes CNS tumors. They likely occur due to abnormal changes (mutations) in certain genes, but it’s unclear what causes these changes. Only about 5% of CNS tumors are thought to be hereditary (linked to abnormal genes passed down through families). […] Some risk factors increase your chances of developing a brain or spinal cord tumor, including: […] A small percentage of brain tumors may be hereditary, meaning theyre linked to abnormal genes or diseases passed down through families. […] Research is ongoing about links between CNS tumors and certain viruses, chemicals, cell phone use and other potential risk factors.

• #3 Spinal Cord Tumor Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/s/spinal-cord-tumor-overview.html

  Researchers dont know what causes these tumors. Healthcare providers also do not have a clear idea about the risk factors for these tumors. […] A rare genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis has been linked to a higher risk of spinal cord tumors as well as other kinds of tumors. A weak immune system may also increase a person’s risk for spinal cord tumors.

• #3 Spinal cord tumor // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor

  It’s not clear what causes most spinal cord tumors. […] A spinal cord tumor starts when cells in the spinal cord or in the tissue around it develop changes in their DNA. […] In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. […] Sometimes the cells develop DNA changes that turn them into cancer cells.

• #3 Spinal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/spinal-cancer

  Primary spinal cancer develops from cells within the spinal cord or in the surrounding structure of bones, tissues, fluid and nerves. […] The causes of spinal tumors are still largely unknown. Although some genetic conditions may contribute to the development of spinal cancer, the risk factors are much less defined for spinal cancer than for other forms of cancer. […] Known risk factors for spine cancer include: Prior history of cancer, with breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma most likely to spread to the spine; Compromised immune system; Hereditary disorders, including Von Hippel-Lindau disease and neurofibromatosis (NF2); Radiation therapy exposure; Chemical exposure, including to industrial chemicals. […] Having some hereditary diseases, a compromised immune system, previous radiation therapy or exposure to some chemicals may increase the risk of developing spinal cancer.

• #3 Spinal Cord Tumor Causes | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/spinal-cord-tumor/types/causes

  Certain genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and von HippelLindau disease, are associated with an increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. These conditions involve specific genetic mutations that predispose individuals to tumor growth in the nervous system, including the spinal cord. […] Previous exposure to radiation, either during medical treatment or for occupational reasons, has been linked to an increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor. Radiation-related spinal cord tumors are relatively rare but can occur years after radiation therapy. […] Spinal cord tumors can occur in people of any age or sex. Although most cases occur sporadically without a clear underlying cause, patients with certain genetic conditions, excessive radiation exposure, and/or previous history of cancer can be at increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

• #3 Spinal Tumors: Symptoms & Causes | Och Spine at NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/ochspine/spinal-tumors/symptoms

  Spinal tumors include benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) growths that can develop within the vertebrae (bones of the spine), next to the spinal column, or within the vertebral canal or the spinal cord. They may originate from the spine (primary tumors) or spread from another body part in people with cancer (secondary or metastatic tumors). […] There is no known direct cause of spinal tumors. Possible causes may differ depending on the type of tumor: […] Possible causes of primary tumors may include: […] Exposure to cancer-causing substances or chemicals […] Weakened immune system. Spinal cord lymphomas are more common in people who are immunocompromised […] Genetic defects. Defective genes may play a role, whether inherited or developed over time […] Secondary spinal tumors are caused by cancer cells spreading from another part of the body, often through the blood or lymphatic system. […] Types of cancer that commonly metastasize to the spine or spinal cord include: […] Breast cancer […] Lung cancer […] Colon cancer […] Lymphoma […] Melanoma […] Thyroid cancer […] Prostate cancer […] Kidney cancer.

• #3 Spine Tumor Types and Symptoms | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/spine-tumor

  Most tumors that grow in and around the spine are malignant less than 10% are benign. […] The risk of developing a primary spine tumor is very low. The causes are still largely unknown other than random gene mutations that are not inherited. […] The only correlation that has been made is that exposure to radiation therapy from treatment for an early childhood cancer may bring a spinal tumor into play 20 or 30 years after treatment. […] Spine tumors that spread to the spine from cancer in another part of the body, however, are far more common. About 30 70% of cancers will spread to the spine at some point. Cancers that are most likely to spread to the spine include lung, prostate and breast cancers.

• #3 Risks for brain and spinal cord tumours | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/risks

  People with certain genetic conditions have a higher risk of developing brain and spinal cord tumours: […] Neurofibromatosis affects the nerves, muscles, bones and skin. Both neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease, or NF1) and neurofibromatosis type 2 (acoustic neuroma, or NF2) increase the risk for brain and spinal cord cancer. […] A family history of brain tumours means that one or more close blood relatives have or had a brain tumour. […] When the immune system isnt working well, you are at greater risk for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

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