Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mild cognitive impairment: Epidemiology, pathology, and clinical assessment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mild-cognitive-impairment-epidemiology-pathology-and-clinical-assessment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate clinical state between normal cognition and dementia. […] There is increasing evidence that some forms of cognitive impairment are recognizable as an early manifestation of a neurodegenerative condition that will ultimately lead to dementia. […] This topic will review the definition of MCI and related terms, as well as the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical assessment of MCI.

• #2 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #3 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #4 Worldwide prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among community dwellers aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiology studies – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35977150/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preclinical and transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia that may be a potential 'target’ for interventions designed to delay progression to dementia. […] The overall prevalence of MCI was 15.56% (95%CI: 13.24-18.03%). Prevalence rates of amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI were 10.03% (95%CI: 7.98-12.27%) and 8.72% (95%CI: 6.78-10.89%), respectively. […] The global prevalence of MCI among community dwellers is over 15% and is affected by age, gender, education level and region of study sites. Assessment and interventions targeting MCI within at-risk population subgroups should be considered toward the prevention of dementia.

• #5 Worldwide prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among community dwellers aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiology studies – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35977150/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preclinical and transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia that may be a potential 'target’ for interventions designed to delay progression to dementia. […] The overall prevalence of MCI was 15.56% (95%CI: 13.24-18.03%). Prevalence rates of amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI were 10.03% (95%CI: 7.98-12.27%) and 8.72% (95%CI: 6.78-10.89%), respectively. […] The global prevalence of MCI among community dwellers is over 15% and is affected by age, gender, education level and region of study sites. Assessment and interventions targeting MCI within at-risk population subgroups should be considered toward the prevention of dementia.

• #6 Global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-023-02361-1

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the early stage of cognitive impairment between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious decline of dementia. This meta-analysis and systematic review explored the pooled global prevalence of MCI among older adults living in nursing homes and its relevant factors. […] The pooled prevalence of MCI in older adults in nursing homes was 21.2% (95% CI: 18.7-23.6%). […] Epidemiological studies of MCI in those living in nursing homes provide a good basis to allocate sufficient health resources to provide early identification, prevention and timely treatment of MCI before it develops into dementia. […] To date, no meta-analysis or systematic review on the prevalence of MCI among older adults living in nursing homes has been published.

• #7 Global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-023-02361-1

  This meta-analysis included 53 studies across 17 countries and found an overall prevalence of 21.2% (95% CI: 18.7-23.6%; I2=99.6%), which is higher than the findings in the general community populations (17.3%; 95% CI: 13.8-20.8%). […] The pooled prevalence of MCI among older people living in nursing homes was 19.7% in Europe Central Asia, 20.7% in North America, and 18.2% in East Asia Pacific in this study, while the corresponding rate was 10.9%, 15.5% and 19.0%, respectively among community-dwelling older populations. […] In summary, this meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of MCI was over 20% among older adults living in nursing homes. Adequate screening measures and allocation of resources are needed to address the high global prevalence of MCI among older adults living in nursing homes.

• #8 Global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-023-02361-1

  This meta-analysis included 53 studies across 17 countries and found an overall prevalence of 21.2% (95% CI: 18.7-23.6%; I2=99.6%), which is higher than the findings in the general community populations (17.3%; 95% CI: 13.8-20.8%). […] The pooled prevalence of MCI among older people living in nursing homes was 19.7% in Europe Central Asia, 20.7% in North America, and 18.2% in East Asia Pacific in this study, while the corresponding rate was 10.9%, 15.5% and 19.0%, respectively among community-dwelling older populations. […] In summary, this meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of MCI was over 20% among older adults living in nursing homes. Adequate screening measures and allocation of resources are needed to address the high global prevalence of MCI among older adults living in nursing homes.

• #9 Global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults living in nursing homes: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-023-02361-1

  This meta-analysis included 53 studies across 17 countries and found an overall prevalence of 21.2% (95% CI: 18.7-23.6%; I2=99.6%), which is higher than the findings in the general community populations (17.3%; 95% CI: 13.8-20.8%). […] The pooled prevalence of MCI among older people living in nursing homes was 19.7% in Europe Central Asia, 20.7% in North America, and 18.2% in East Asia Pacific in this study, while the corresponding rate was 10.9%, 15.5% and 19.0%, respectively among community-dwelling older populations. […] In summary, this meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of MCI was over 20% among older adults living in nursing homes. Adequate screening measures and allocation of resources are needed to address the high global prevalence of MCI among older adults living in nursing homes.

• #10 Mild Cognitive Impairment Epidemiology Forecasts Report,

  https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/12/02/2989593/0/en/Mild-Cognitive-Impairment-Epidemiology-Forecasts-Report-2020-2023-2024-2034-Focus-on-United-States-Germany-France-Italy-Spain-United-Kingdom-and-Japan.html

  In 2023, among the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of MCI, representing 42% of the total cases, followed by Japan (27%), Germany (10%), and France (7%). Analysis by experts indicates that the overall diagnosed prevalent cases of MCI are expected to rise in the coming years. […] As per the analyst’s estimates, Japan accounted for nearly 27% of the Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MCI in the 7MM in 2023.

• #11 Mild Cognitive Impairment Epidemiology Forecasts Report,

  https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/12/02/2989593/0/en/Mild-Cognitive-Impairment-Epidemiology-Forecasts-Report-2020-2023-2024-2034-Focus-on-United-States-Germany-France-Italy-Spain-United-Kingdom-and-Japan.html

  In the assessment, the estimated total diagnosed prevalent cases of Parkinson’s disease in the US were nearly 1.21 million in 2023. […] In Japan, approximately 2.73 million diagnosed cases of MCI were identified, with around 103 thousand cases attributed to MCI due to Parkinson’s disease and 2.62 million cases due to Alzheimer’s. Projections suggest that by 2034, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s-related MCI will continue to grow and exceed that of Parkinson’s-related MCI, highlighting a trend that underscores the increasing impact of Alzheimer’s on the aging population. […] The analysis shows that, among the 7MM, the US accounted highest for the total diagnosed prevalent cases of MCI. There were nearly 4.22 million diagnosed prevalent cases of MCI in the US in 2023. Projections indicate that the UK is expected to continue leading in these figures by 2034.

• #12 Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Brazil – Dementia & Neuropsychologia

  https://www.demneuropsy.com.br/article/epidemiology-of-mild-cognitive-impairment-in-brazil/

  With the worldwide increase in longevity and rising prevalence of cognitive disorders in the aged population, efforts have been made to characterize mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its prevalence and/or incidence in a number of countries, given MCI may be a pre-dementia phase of degenerative conditions. […] Only one study on MCI prevalence has been published in Brazil, reporting a prevalence rate of 6.1% and incidence of 13.2/1000 persons-year among those aged 60 years or over. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI found in Brazil is similar to rates observed in other countries.

• #13 Mild cognitive impairment | Medicina Universitaria

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-universitaria-304-articulo-mild-cognitive-impairment-X1665579614283699

  Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disease between normal cognitive ageing and dementia. In recent years the term MCI has been recognized as a pre-dementia state, raising an important subject for investigation in the prevention of dementia. […] The prevalence of MCI is 10%-11% and the risk of progression to dementia is about 5%-16%. […] Prevalence is 3-19% in the elderly population, with an incidence between 8 to 58 per 1,000 people a year and a risk of developing into dementia of 11-33% within 2 years. […] There is a great variation between the reported prevalence rates, fluctuating between 2% and 20% in different series. […] The National Health and Aging Study in Mexico (ENASEM by its Spanish acronym) assessed the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in the population, finding that just 7% had cognitive impairment and 3.3% had cognitive impairment and functional dependency.

• #14 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17990-mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) happens when you experience a slight but noticeable decline in mental abilities compared to others your age. […] The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment is present in the following populations: 8% of people aged 65 to 69, 15% of people aged 75 to 79, 25% of people aged 80 to 84, and 37% of people 85 or older. […] The prognosis (outlook) for mild cognitive decline varies based on the cause and other factors. Researchers are still learning more about this condition. Studies show that about 15% of people with MCI older than age 65 years developed dementia within two years of the initial MCI diagnosis. They also show that about 14% to 38% of people with MCI returned to their normal cognition level. […] The strongest risk factors for mild cognitive impairment are the same as those for dementia: being 65 or older, having a biological family history of dementia, and having conditions that increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity.

• #15 Mild Cognitive Impairment: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136393-overview

  A 2023 meta-analysis encompassing 233 studies with more than 676,000 participants aged 50 and older found a global mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence of 19.7%. Notably, prevalence rates have increased in recent years, particularly after 2019, possibly due to factors like the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The prevalence of MCI increases with age. For instance, estimates show a prevalence of 10.1% in individuals aged 70-74, rising to 14.8% in those aged 75-79, and reaching 25.2% in the 80-84 age group. […] A 2021 study adjusted for the 2020 US Census reported the following MCI prevalence among Black Americans: 30.9% for ages 65-74, 34.7% for ages 75-84, and 31.6% for ages 85 and older. […] Many studies indicate that the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is significantly higher in women than in men, and it is therefore presumed that the likelihood of developing MCI is greater in women than in men. However, some studies suggest that MCI may be more common in men. For example, research indicates a prevalence of 19% in men compared to 14% in women, even after adjusting for various demographic and clinical factors. […] Virtually nothing is known about cultural and racial factors influencing the clinical manifestations of MCI.

• #16 Mild Cognitive Impairment: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136393-overview

  A 2023 meta-analysis encompassing 233 studies with more than 676,000 participants aged 50 and older found a global mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence of 19.7%. Notably, prevalence rates have increased in recent years, particularly after 2019, possibly due to factors like the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The prevalence of MCI increases with age. For instance, estimates show a prevalence of 10.1% in individuals aged 70-74, rising to 14.8% in those aged 75-79, and reaching 25.2% in the 80-84 age group. […] A 2021 study adjusted for the 2020 US Census reported the following MCI prevalence among Black Americans: 30.9% for ages 65-74, 34.7% for ages 75-84, and 31.6% for ages 85 and older. […] Many studies indicate that the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is significantly higher in women than in men, and it is therefore presumed that the likelihood of developing MCI is greater in women than in men. However, some studies suggest that MCI may be more common in men. For example, research indicates a prevalence of 19% in men compared to 14% in women, even after adjusting for various demographic and clinical factors. […] Virtually nothing is known about cultural and racial factors influencing the clinical manifestations of MCI.

• #17 Mild Cognitive Impairment: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136393-overview

  A 2023 meta-analysis encompassing 233 studies with more than 676,000 participants aged 50 and older found a global mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence of 19.7%. Notably, prevalence rates have increased in recent years, particularly after 2019, possibly due to factors like the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The prevalence of MCI increases with age. For instance, estimates show a prevalence of 10.1% in individuals aged 70-74, rising to 14.8% in those aged 75-79, and reaching 25.2% in the 80-84 age group. […] A 2021 study adjusted for the 2020 US Census reported the following MCI prevalence among Black Americans: 30.9% for ages 65-74, 34.7% for ages 75-84, and 31.6% for ages 85 and older. […] Many studies indicate that the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is significantly higher in women than in men, and it is therefore presumed that the likelihood of developing MCI is greater in women than in men. However, some studies suggest that MCI may be more common in men. For example, research indicates a prevalence of 19% in men compared to 14% in women, even after adjusting for various demographic and clinical factors. […] Virtually nothing is known about cultural and racial factors influencing the clinical manifestations of MCI.

• #18 Mild Cognitive Impairment Market Size 2025-2035

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-market

  The mild cognitive impairment market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC’s new report titled „Mild Cognitive Impairment Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2025-2035”. Mild cognitive impairment refers to a condition characterized by noticeable cognitive changes that are greater than expected for an individual’s age and education level but do not significantly interfere with daily functioning. […] The increasing cases of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which result in the progressive degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain, are primarily driving the mild cognitive impairment market. […] The global prevalence of MCI in community-dwelling people aged 50 and older was noted to be 15.56%. […] MCI is more prevalent in elderly women than in males. […] A new study found that a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with a 45% greater risk of mild cognitive impairment in a cohort of 4.3 million people in the UK.

• #19 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17990-mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) happens when you experience a slight but noticeable decline in mental abilities compared to others your age. […] The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment is present in the following populations: 8% of people aged 65 to 69, 15% of people aged 75 to 79, 25% of people aged 80 to 84, and 37% of people 85 or older. […] The prognosis (outlook) for mild cognitive decline varies based on the cause and other factors. Researchers are still learning more about this condition. Studies show that about 15% of people with MCI older than age 65 years developed dementia within two years of the initial MCI diagnosis. They also show that about 14% to 38% of people with MCI returned to their normal cognition level. […] The strongest risk factors for mild cognitive impairment are the same as those for dementia: being 65 or older, having a biological family history of dementia, and having conditions that increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity.

• #20 Mild Neurocognitive Disorder / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/cl/3-mild-neurocog-disorder

  Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (also known as Mild Cognitive Impairment, or MCI) is a condition in which individuals demonstrate cognitive impairment with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). […] Prevalence is between 10-20% in adults over 65 years. […] Anywhere between 3 to 13% of patients with mild neurocognitive disorder will progress to a major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) each year. […] Higher age, the presence of at least one ApoE4 allele, and medicated hypertension are independent risk factors for MCI. […] Higher education is a protective factor for MCI.

• #21 Mild Cognitive Impairment Market Size 2025-2035

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-market

  The mild cognitive impairment market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC’s new report titled „Mild Cognitive Impairment Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2025-2035”. Mild cognitive impairment refers to a condition characterized by noticeable cognitive changes that are greater than expected for an individual’s age and education level but do not significantly interfere with daily functioning. […] The increasing cases of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which result in the progressive degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain, are primarily driving the mild cognitive impairment market. […] The global prevalence of MCI in community-dwelling people aged 50 and older was noted to be 15.56%. […] MCI is more prevalent in elderly women than in males. […] A new study found that a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with a 45% greater risk of mild cognitive impairment in a cohort of 4.3 million people in the UK.

• #22 Mild Neurocognitive Disorder / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/cl/3-mild-neurocog-disorder

  Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (also known as Mild Cognitive Impairment, or MCI) is a condition in which individuals demonstrate cognitive impairment with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). […] Prevalence is between 10-20% in adults over 65 years. […] Anywhere between 3 to 13% of patients with mild neurocognitive disorder will progress to a major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) each year. […] Higher age, the presence of at least one ApoE4 allele, and medicated hypertension are independent risk factors for MCI. […] Higher education is a protective factor for MCI.

• #23 Mild Cognitive Impairment | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/144392

  MCI is a heterogeneous syndrome as there is a wide variation of cognitive and functional severity within the MCI definition. […] The 2018 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline update on MCI found that its prevalence is high among the older adult population and increases with age. The prevalence estimate was 6.7% in the 60-64 year age group and increased to 25.2% for ages 80-84. […] Other studies have reported prevalence rates of up to 22% in community-dwelling older adults above 71 years of age and 40% among older adults in memory care practices. […] The differences in the reported prevalence of MCI worldwide are due to the lack of standardized cut-off for neuropsychology test scores, use of population versus clinic-based cohorts, and algorithmic (non-informant-based) versus clinical approaches to assign the MCI diagnosis. […] A recent study from China estimated that MCI prevalence was 15.5 % among Chinese adults. […] There are fewer studies on the incidence rate of MCI. The reported incidence rate of MCI varies from 5.1 to 168 (1000 person-years), while that of A-MCI is estimated between 10 to 14 (1000 person-years).

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-022-00338-8

  The incidence of clinically diagnosed MCI has been examined in a systematic review of studies in Europe, the Americas, and Australia. […] The progression rates reported in studies can also be influenced by the source of recruitment of patients: the aforementioned meta-analysis of 33 studies also classified patients as community-dwelling or from specialist clinics and showed that rates of progression were higher for patients from specialist clinics vs. community samples. […] The risk of dementia increases with stages of progression, from normal cognition with no A deposition to A deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neuronal injury, and subsequently to MCI due to AD. […] Current research suggests that almost 40% of patients with clinically diagnosed MCI progress to AD dementia over an average of 18 months.

• #25 Dementia

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dementia/?srsltid=AfmBOopRLJksqg-bNg9RepumcyXGHnKkKPUVZYomj9C2pUPhdjduBDPK

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), also known as mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD), is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by a modest decline in one or more cognitive domains. MCI is often referred to as an early stage of cognitive impairment that is in between typical aging and dementia; however, MCI does not always progress to dementia (Petersen et al., 2014). Early identification of MCI may enable the use of cognitive interventions to slow the progression of decline (Huckans et al., 2013; Qualls, 2005; Tsolaki et al., 2011). […] The estimated incidence of mild cognitive impairment increases with increased age. The estimated number of new diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment each year per every 1,000 individuals is approximately 22.5 for individuals aged 75-79 years, 60.1 for individuals aged 80-84 years, and 60.1 for individuals aged 85 years or older (Gillis et al., 2019).

• #26 State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/state-of-the-science-on-mild-cognitive-impairment-mci/9E28EC622A1911D82E18E4023811D79D

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia, and affects 10-15% of the population over the age of 65. […] Prevalence estimates of MCI vary widely, with one review reporting prevalence as low as 3% to as high as 42% across 35 studies, varying across country of study origin, and as a function of the age range of study inclusion, with lower prevalence in studies that included younger participants. […] Approximately 10-15% of people with amnestic MCI progress to AD each year, compared to 1-2% of the healthy older adult population. […] It is thus imperative that we understand the phenomenology, neurobiology, and clinical characteristics of MCI, and how best to treat it, in efforts to improve functioning and delay progression to dementia.

• #27 Mild cognitive impairment – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578

  Mild cognitive impairment, also known as MCI, raises the risk of developing dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease or other brain conditions. […] There’s no single cause of mild cognitive impairment. In some people, mild cognitive impairment is due to Alzheimer’s disease. But there’s no single outcome. Symptoms may remain stable for years or they may improve over time. Or mild cognitive impairment may progress to Alzheimer’s disease dementia or another type of dementia. […] Studies suggest that around 10% to 15% of people with mild cognitive impairment go on to develop dementia each year. […] Mild cognitive impairment can’t be prevented. But research has found that some lifestyle factors may lower the risk of getting it.

• #28 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | Symptoms & Treatments | alz.org

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/related_conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of memory loss or other cognitive ability loss (such as language or visual/spatial perception) in individuals who maintain the ability to independently perform most activities of daily living. […] Mild cognitive impairment causes cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed by the person affected and by family members and friends but do not affect the individuals ability to carry out everyday activities. MCI can develop for multiple reasons, and individuals living with MCI may go on to develop dementia; others will not. […] The causes of MCI are not yet completely understood. Experts believe that many cases but not all result from brain changes occurring in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s or other neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia. The risk factors most strongly linked to MCI when the underlying cause is neurodegenerative disease and not another cause are advancing age, family history of Alzheimer’s or another dementia, and conditions that raise risk for cardiovascular disease. […] Approximately 12% to 18% of people age 60 or older are living with MCI. An estimated 10% to 15% of individuals living with MCI develop dementia each year. About one-third of people living with MCI due to Alzheimers disease develop dementia within five years.

• #29 Mild cognitive impairment | Medicina Universitaria

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-universitaria-304-articulo-mild-cognitive-impairment-X1665579614283699

  Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disease between normal cognitive ageing and dementia. In recent years the term MCI has been recognized as a pre-dementia state, raising an important subject for investigation in the prevention of dementia. […] The prevalence of MCI is 10%-11% and the risk of progression to dementia is about 5%-16%. […] Prevalence is 3-19% in the elderly population, with an incidence between 8 to 58 per 1,000 people a year and a risk of developing into dementia of 11-33% within 2 years. […] There is a great variation between the reported prevalence rates, fluctuating between 2% and 20% in different series. […] The National Health and Aging Study in Mexico (ENASEM by its Spanish acronym) assessed the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in the population, finding that just 7% had cognitive impairment and 3.3% had cognitive impairment and functional dependency.

• #30 Mild cognitive impairment | Medicina Universitaria

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-universitaria-304-articulo-mild-cognitive-impairment-X1665579614283699

  The risk of dementia progression is estimated to be 10% per year; as for MCI patients, yearly progression rates fluctuate between 5% and 16%. […] The American Academy of Neurology’s evidence-based guidelines for early detection states that MCI patients should be detected early and followed long-term, because of their high risk of subsequent development of dementia.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-022-00338-8

  The incidence of clinically diagnosed MCI has been examined in a systematic review of studies in Europe, the Americas, and Australia. […] The progression rates reported in studies can also be influenced by the source of recruitment of patients: the aforementioned meta-analysis of 33 studies also classified patients as community-dwelling or from specialist clinics and showed that rates of progression were higher for patients from specialist clinics vs. community samples. […] The risk of dementia increases with stages of progression, from normal cognition with no A deposition to A deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neuronal injury, and subsequently to MCI due to AD. […] Current research suggests that almost 40% of patients with clinically diagnosed MCI progress to AD dementia over an average of 18 months.

• #32 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17990-mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) happens when you experience a slight but noticeable decline in mental abilities compared to others your age. […] The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment is present in the following populations: 8% of people aged 65 to 69, 15% of people aged 75 to 79, 25% of people aged 80 to 84, and 37% of people 85 or older. […] The prognosis (outlook) for mild cognitive decline varies based on the cause and other factors. Researchers are still learning more about this condition. Studies show that about 15% of people with MCI older than age 65 years developed dementia within two years of the initial MCI diagnosis. They also show that about 14% to 38% of people with MCI returned to their normal cognition level. […] The strongest risk factors for mild cognitive impairment are the same as those for dementia: being 65 or older, having a biological family history of dementia, and having conditions that increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity.

• #33 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #34 Outcomes after Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Large Autopsy Series

  https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epidemiology_facpub/70/

  OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and neuropathological outcomes following a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). […] METHODS: Data were drawn from a large autopsy series (N = 1,337) of individuals followed longitudinally from normal or MCI status to death, derived from 4 Alzheimer Disease (AD) Centers in the United States. […] RESULTS: Mean followup was 7.9 years. Of the 874 individuals ever diagnosed with MCI, final clinical diagnoses were varied: 39.2% died with an MCI diagnosis, 46.8% with a dementia diagnosis, and 13.9% with a diagnosis of intact cognition. The latter group had pathological features resembling those with a final clinical diagnosis of MCI. […] INTERPRETATION: MCI diagnosis usually was associated with comorbid neuropathologies; less than one-quarter of MCI cases showed „pure” AD at autopsy.

• #35 Outcomes after Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Large Autopsy Series

  https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epidemiology_facpub/70/

  OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and neuropathological outcomes following a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). […] METHODS: Data were drawn from a large autopsy series (N = 1,337) of individuals followed longitudinally from normal or MCI status to death, derived from 4 Alzheimer Disease (AD) Centers in the United States. […] RESULTS: Mean followup was 7.9 years. Of the 874 individuals ever diagnosed with MCI, final clinical diagnoses were varied: 39.2% died with an MCI diagnosis, 46.8% with a dementia diagnosis, and 13.9% with a diagnosis of intact cognition. The latter group had pathological features resembling those with a final clinical diagnosis of MCI. […] INTERPRETATION: MCI diagnosis usually was associated with comorbid neuropathologies; less than one-quarter of MCI cases showed „pure” AD at autopsy.

• #36 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #37 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #38 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-519

  Cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. The MemoVie cohort study aims to investigate the living conditions or risk factors under which the normal cognitive capacities of the senior population in Luxembourg (65-year-old) evolve (1) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) transitory non-clinical stage and (2) to AD. Identifying MCI and AD predictors undeniably constitutes a challenge in public health in that it would allow interventions which could protect or delay the occurrence of cognitive disorders in elderly people. […] The study has been designed with a view to highlighting the prevalence in Luxembourg of MCI and AD in the first step of the survey, conducted among participants selected from a random sample of the general population.

• #39 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg. – Santé Publique à l’Inserm

  https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/SANTE_PUB_INSERM/inserm-00732105v1

  The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg. […] Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. […] The MemoVie cohort study aims to investigate the living conditions or risk factors under which the normal cognitive capacities of the senior population in Luxembourg ([greater than or equal to] 65 year-old) evolve (1) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) – transitory non-clinical stage – and (2) to AD. […] Identifying MCI and AD predictors undeniably constitutes a challenge in public health in that it would allow interventions which could protect or delay the occurrence of cognitive disorders in elderly people. […] The study has been designed with a view to highlighting the prevalence in Luxembourg of MCI and AD in the first step of the survey, conducted among participants selected from a random sample of the general population.

• #40 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-519

  Given longer life expectancy along with the lack of efficient therapeutic strategies, cognitive disorders and Alzheimers disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. […] Up to now, few studies have explored MCI in healthy people from the general population, and the most recent results have shown the difficulty in approaching MCI prevalence, which obviously vary considerably according the criteria applied. […] Moreover, no national statistics on AD are available in Luxembourg, let alone on MCI. […] The first goal of the present study is to provide the national prevalence of subjects suffering from MCI and from AD as well as to identify the environmental conditions and biological factors in association with the occurrence of MCI and their evolution to AD. […] The MemoVie study has been set up to depict the senior population of Luxembourg and to identify the conditions that could promote CI and evolution to AD. This study is planned to allow a long-term follow-up of the cognitive status of the population. […] The results of the MemoVie study, more specifically focused on Luxembourgs population, should provide insights to design new efficient approaches for community-level interventions intended to preserve overall health status and well-being in the global aging population.

• #41 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg. – Santé Publique à l’Inserm

  https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/SANTE_PUB_INSERM/inserm-00732105v1

  The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg. […] Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. […] The MemoVie cohort study aims to investigate the living conditions or risk factors under which the normal cognitive capacities of the senior population in Luxembourg ([greater than or equal to] 65 year-old) evolve (1) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) – transitory non-clinical stage – and (2) to AD. […] Identifying MCI and AD predictors undeniably constitutes a challenge in public health in that it would allow interventions which could protect or delay the occurrence of cognitive disorders in elderly people. […] The study has been designed with a view to highlighting the prevalence in Luxembourg of MCI and AD in the first step of the survey, conducted among participants selected from a random sample of the general population.

• #42 Dementia

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dementia/?srsltid=AfmBOopRLJksqg-bNg9RepumcyXGHnKkKPUVZYomj9C2pUPhdjduBDPK

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), also known as mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD), is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by a modest decline in one or more cognitive domains. MCI is often referred to as an early stage of cognitive impairment that is in between typical aging and dementia; however, MCI does not always progress to dementia (Petersen et al., 2014). Early identification of MCI may enable the use of cognitive interventions to slow the progression of decline (Huckans et al., 2013; Qualls, 2005; Tsolaki et al., 2011). […] The estimated incidence of mild cognitive impairment increases with increased age. The estimated number of new diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment each year per every 1,000 individuals is approximately 22.5 for individuals aged 75-79 years, 60.1 for individuals aged 80-84 years, and 60.1 for individuals aged 85 years or older (Gillis et al., 2019).

• #43 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-519

  Given longer life expectancy along with the lack of efficient therapeutic strategies, cognitive disorders and Alzheimers disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. […] Up to now, few studies have explored MCI in healthy people from the general population, and the most recent results have shown the difficulty in approaching MCI prevalence, which obviously vary considerably according the criteria applied. […] Moreover, no national statistics on AD are available in Luxembourg, let alone on MCI. […] The first goal of the present study is to provide the national prevalence of subjects suffering from MCI and from AD as well as to identify the environmental conditions and biological factors in association with the occurrence of MCI and their evolution to AD. […] The MemoVie study has been set up to depict the senior population of Luxembourg and to identify the conditions that could promote CI and evolution to AD. This study is planned to allow a long-term follow-up of the cognitive status of the population. […] The results of the MemoVie study, more specifically focused on Luxembourgs population, should provide insights to design new efficient approaches for community-level interventions intended to preserve overall health status and well-being in the global aging population.

• #44 Mild Cognitive Impairment | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/144392

  MCI is a heterogeneous syndrome as there is a wide variation of cognitive and functional severity within the MCI definition. […] The 2018 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline update on MCI found that its prevalence is high among the older adult population and increases with age. The prevalence estimate was 6.7% in the 60-64 year age group and increased to 25.2% for ages 80-84. […] Other studies have reported prevalence rates of up to 22% in community-dwelling older adults above 71 years of age and 40% among older adults in memory care practices. […] The differences in the reported prevalence of MCI worldwide are due to the lack of standardized cut-off for neuropsychology test scores, use of population versus clinic-based cohorts, and algorithmic (non-informant-based) versus clinical approaches to assign the MCI diagnosis. […] A recent study from China estimated that MCI prevalence was 15.5 % among Chinese adults. […] There are fewer studies on the incidence rate of MCI. The reported incidence rate of MCI varies from 5.1 to 168 (1000 person-years), while that of A-MCI is estimated between 10 to 14 (1000 person-years).

• #45 Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text

  https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-020-00734-y

  Despite the growing research interest in SCD, the concept still faces methodological challenges regarding its operationalization. […] The SCD-I emphasized the need for harmonized observational studies that can attenuate some of the limitations associated with SCD operationalization. […] Overall, both the QH and IRT approach robustly suggested a SCD prevalence of roughly one in four in the older population without cognitive impairment across studies (QH 23.8% [95%CI=23.3-24.4%]; IRT 25.6% [95%CI=25.1-26.1%]). […] SCD prevalence significantly differed according to level of education. […] Age- and gender-standardized SCD prevalence was significantly associated with country income. […] SCD prevalence was lower in high-income countries compared to low- and middle-income countries. […] The frequent occurrence of SCD warrants further research of its significance for dementia, and, importantly, on ways to manage SCD in clinical practice.

• #46 Mild cognitive impairment – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354583

  Mild cognitive impairment, also known as MCI, is an active area of research. Clinical studies are being conducted to better understand the condition and find treatments to improve symptoms or prevent or delay dementia. […] Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) care at Mayo Clinic. […] Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment: Epidemiology, pathology, and clinical assessment. […] 2024 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures. Accessed Aug. 26, 2024.

• #47 What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment?

  https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which people have more memory or thinking problems than other people their age. […] People with MCI are at a greater risk of developing Alzheimers disease or a related dementia. Estimates vary as to how many people who have MCI will develop dementia. […] Estimates vary, but roughly 10% to 20% of people over age 65 have MCI, with the risk increasing as someone gets older. […] People with MCI may worry that their memory problems will progress to Alzheimers disease or a related dementia. Because MCI may be an early sign of a more serious memory problem, its important to see your doctor every six to 12 months to track any changes in your memory and thinking skills over time. […] Many studies are recruiting people with MCI to test early interventions that could slow or stop the progression of cognitive impairment.

• #48 Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5

  Cognitive intervention is generally regarded as an effective non-pharmacologic strategy to mitigate risks in neurodegeneration. […] Non-pharmacologic management for MCI is important as currently there is no disease-modifying treatment or FDA-approved medications for MCI. […] This meta-analysis evaluated the benefits of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on memory functions in individuals with MCI or dementia. […] The results suggest that CCT is efficacious on various memory domains in individuals with MCI. […] The elderly with subjective memory complaints (SMC) are shown to have a higher risk of dementia than the individuals without SMC. […] The certainty for the dementia outcome was further downgraded due to the serious risk of bias, as more than half of the included dementia studies were at high risk of bias.

• #49 Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5

  Cognitive intervention is generally regarded as an effective non-pharmacologic strategy to mitigate risks in neurodegeneration. […] Non-pharmacologic management for MCI is important as currently there is no disease-modifying treatment or FDA-approved medications for MCI. […] This meta-analysis evaluated the benefits of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on memory functions in individuals with MCI or dementia. […] The results suggest that CCT is efficacious on various memory domains in individuals with MCI. […] The elderly with subjective memory complaints (SMC) are shown to have a higher risk of dementia than the individuals without SMC. […] The certainty for the dementia outcome was further downgraded due to the serious risk of bias, as more than half of the included dementia studies were at high risk of bias.

• #50 Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5

  This meta-analysis demonstrates that both supervised and unsupervised CCT improve different types of memory domains among individuals with MCI. […] Our findings support supervised CCT as the preferred method to deliver the intervention as the effect sizes in verbal memory, visual memory and working memory are all significant and greater than those detected in unsupervised CCT.

• #51 Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00987-5

  This meta-analysis demonstrates that both supervised and unsupervised CCT improve different types of memory domains among individuals with MCI. […] Our findings support supervised CCT as the preferred method to deliver the intervention as the effect sizes in verbal memory, visual memory and working memory are all significant and greater than those detected in unsupervised CCT.

• #52 Mild Cognitive Impairment Market to Reach a CAGR of 4.02% during 2024-2034, Impelled by Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques – BioSpace

  https://www.biospace.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-market-to-reach-a-cagr-of-4-02-during-2024-2034-impelled-by-non-invasive-brain-stimulation-techniques

  Advancements in diagnostic technologies have significantly enhanced the landscape of detecting and managing mild cognitive impairment, marking a pivotal moment in neurology and geriatric care. […] Overall, these advancements in diagnostic technologies not only improve early detection and accuracy in diagnosing MCI but also pave the way for developing targeted therapies and interventions. […] They empower healthcare providers to intervene earlier in the disease course, potentially slowing its progression and improving outcomes for individuals living with MCI and their families. […] The primary goal of disease-modifying therapies is to intervene early in the disease process to slow or halt its progression. […] By addressing these underlying pathologies, researchers aim to preserve cognitive function and delay the onset of dementia.

• #53 Mild Cognitive Impairment Market to Reach a CAGR of 4.02% during 2024-2034, Impelled by Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques – BioSpace

  https://www.biospace.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-market-to-reach-a-cagr-of-4-02-during-2024-2034-impelled-by-non-invasive-brain-stimulation-techniques

  Clinical trials play a crucial role in evaluating the safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies for MCI. […] Successful trials are essential for gaining regulatory approval and advancing these therapies to market, where they can potentially transform the treatment landscape for MCI. […] The major markets for mild cognitive impairment include the United States, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Japan. […] According to projections by IMARC, the United States has the largest patient pool for mild cognitive impairment while also representing the biggest market for its treatment. […] This can be attributed to the increased awareness about cognitive health and aging-related disorders that have led to more proactive screening and diagnostic initiatives. […] Moreover, the integration of digital health technologies, such as mobile apps and wearable devices, is transforming how MCI is monitored and managed. […] Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on holistic, patient-centered care for individuals with MCI. […] Besides this, numerous changes in healthcare policy and reimbursement models influence access to diagnostic services and treatment options for MCI patients across the country.

• #54 Mild Cognitive Impairment | Emory University | Atlanta GA

  https://alzheimers.emory.edu/healthy_aging/articles/mild-impairment.html

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by clear evidence of problems with cognitive abilities, most often with short term memory. […] Some studies show that 44% of the people with MCI progress to Alzheimer’s within three years; however, that means over 50% of people living with MCI do not develop Alzheimer’s. […] One important area of research is learning to distinguish between the people with MCI who will likely develop Alzheimer’s and those who likely will not. […] The Goizueta Alzheimers Disease Research Center has a major research emphasis on learning more about normal age-related memory loss, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimers disease.

• #55 Mild Cognitive Impairment | Emory University | Atlanta GA

  https://alzheimers.emory.edu/healthy_aging/articles/mild-impairment.html

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by clear evidence of problems with cognitive abilities, most often with short term memory. […] Some studies show that 44% of the people with MCI progress to Alzheimer’s within three years; however, that means over 50% of people living with MCI do not develop Alzheimer’s. […] One important area of research is learning to distinguish between the people with MCI who will likely develop Alzheimer’s and those who likely will not. […] The Goizueta Alzheimers Disease Research Center has a major research emphasis on learning more about normal age-related memory loss, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimers disease.

• #56 CD-Tron: Leveraging Large Clinical Language Model for Early Detection of Cognitive Decline from Electronic Health Records | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.24316386v2

  Background: Early detection of cognitive decline during the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. […] We collected clinical notes from 2,166 patients spanning the 4 years preceding their initial mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis from the Enterprise Data Warehouse of Mass General Brigham. […] CD-Tron significantly outperforms baseline models, achieving notable improvements in precision, recall, and AUC metrics for detecting cognitive decline (CD). […] Tested on many real-world clinical notes, CD-Tron demonstrated high sensitivity with only one false negative, crucial for clinical applications prioritizing early and accurate CD detection. […] CD-Tron offers a novel approach to early cognitive decline detection by applying large clinical language models to free-text EHR data.

• #57 CD-Tron: Leveraging Large Clinical Language Model for Early Detection of Cognitive Decline from Electronic Health Records | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.24316386v2

  Background: Early detection of cognitive decline during the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. […] We collected clinical notes from 2,166 patients spanning the 4 years preceding their initial mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis from the Enterprise Data Warehouse of Mass General Brigham. […] CD-Tron significantly outperforms baseline models, achieving notable improvements in precision, recall, and AUC metrics for detecting cognitive decline (CD). […] Tested on many real-world clinical notes, CD-Tron demonstrated high sensitivity with only one false negative, crucial for clinical applications prioritizing early and accurate CD detection. […] CD-Tron offers a novel approach to early cognitive decline detection by applying large clinical language models to free-text EHR data.

• #58 Mild Cognitive Impairment Market to Reach a CAGR of 4.02% during 2024-2034, Impelled by Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques – BioSpace

  https://www.biospace.com/mild-cognitive-impairment-market-to-reach-a-cagr-of-4-02-during-2024-2034-impelled-by-non-invasive-brain-stimulation-techniques

  Clinical trials play a crucial role in evaluating the safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies for MCI. […] Successful trials are essential for gaining regulatory approval and advancing these therapies to market, where they can potentially transform the treatment landscape for MCI. […] The major markets for mild cognitive impairment include the United States, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Japan. […] According to projections by IMARC, the United States has the largest patient pool for mild cognitive impairment while also representing the biggest market for its treatment. […] This can be attributed to the increased awareness about cognitive health and aging-related disorders that have led to more proactive screening and diagnostic initiatives. […] Moreover, the integration of digital health technologies, such as mobile apps and wearable devices, is transforming how MCI is monitored and managed. […] Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on holistic, patient-centered care for individuals with MCI. […] Besides this, numerous changes in healthcare policy and reimbursement models influence access to diagnostic services and treatment options for MCI patients across the country.

• #59 Spatial and Temporal Neuronal Specificity of acupuncture on mild cogni | JMDH

  https://www.dovepress.com/acupuncture-modulates-spatiotemporal-neuronal-dynamics-in-mild-cogniti-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by abnormal changes in spatiotemporal neuronal specificity responses. […] Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects 10-20% of adults over age 50 globally, presenting a pressing public health issue amid aging populations. […] Despite extensive research, no pharmacological treatments have proven effective in reversing the progression of MCI or dementia. […] Acupuncture has demonstrated effectiveness as a treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). […] Our previous systematic review revealed that acupuncture can modulate the activity of critical brain regions and networks, in MCI patients. […] This protocol represents the first study to investigate the spatiotemporal neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through simultaneous EEG-fMRI.

• #60 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-519

  Cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease (AD) are increasingly considered a major public health problem. The MemoVie cohort study aims to investigate the living conditions or risk factors under which the normal cognitive capacities of the senior population in Luxembourg (65-year-old) evolve (1) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) transitory non-clinical stage and (2) to AD. Identifying MCI and AD predictors undeniably constitutes a challenge in public health in that it would allow interventions which could protect or delay the occurrence of cognitive disorders in elderly people. […] The study has been designed with a view to highlighting the prevalence in Luxembourg of MCI and AD in the first step of the survey, conducted among participants selected from a random sample of the general population.

• #61 The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in community-living seniors: protocol of the MemoVie cohort study, Luxembourg. – Santé Publique à l’Inserm

  https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/SANTE_PUB_INSERM/inserm-00732105v1

  A prospective cohort is consequently set up in the second step, and appropriate follow-up of the non-demented participants allows improving the knowledge of the preclinical stage of MCI. […] By means of the multidisciplinary MemoVie study, new insights into the onset of cognitive impairment during aging should be put forward, much to the benefit of intervention strategies as a whole.

• #62 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #63 Mild Cognitive Impairment | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/144392

  MCI is a heterogeneous syndrome as there is a wide variation of cognitive and functional severity within the MCI definition. […] The 2018 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline update on MCI found that its prevalence is high among the older adult population and increases with age. The prevalence estimate was 6.7% in the 60-64 year age group and increased to 25.2% for ages 80-84. […] Other studies have reported prevalence rates of up to 22% in community-dwelling older adults above 71 years of age and 40% among older adults in memory care practices. […] The differences in the reported prevalence of MCI worldwide are due to the lack of standardized cut-off for neuropsychology test scores, use of population versus clinic-based cohorts, and algorithmic (non-informant-based) versus clinical approaches to assign the MCI diagnosis. […] A recent study from China estimated that MCI prevalence was 15.5 % among Chinese adults. […] There are fewer studies on the incidence rate of MCI. The reported incidence rate of MCI varies from 5.1 to 168 (1000 person-years), while that of A-MCI is estimated between 10 to 14 (1000 person-years).

• #64 Mild Cognitive Impairment – UCI MIND

  https://mind.uci.edu/dementia/mild-cognitive-impairment/

  Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Symptoms become noticeable to the affected individual and/or family and impairment is significant but does not interfere with everyday activities. […] An established risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, MCI is a condition in which memory and/or other cognitive difficulties (e.g., language, visual-spatial skills) are noticeable to the person affected and/or others (e.g., family, friends, work colleagues), but are not severe enough to interfere with basic living skills. […] Some studies suggest that up to 10-20% of older adults age 65 and older have MCI. […] Overall, studies estimate that 10-15% of people with MCI progress to AD each year. […] Individuals with amnestic MCI, single or multiple domain, may be at increased risk for Alzheimer’s dementia. Individuals with non-amnestic MCI may be at increased risk for other dementias, such as fronto-temporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, primary progressive aphasia, and Parkinson’s disease. […] Today, researchers and clinicians are unable to definitively predict if MCI will progress to dementia.

• #65 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17990-mild-cognitive-impairment

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) happens when you experience a slight but noticeable decline in mental abilities compared to others your age. […] The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment is present in the following populations: 8% of people aged 65 to 69, 15% of people aged 75 to 79, 25% of people aged 80 to 84, and 37% of people 85 or older. […] The prognosis (outlook) for mild cognitive decline varies based on the cause and other factors. Researchers are still learning more about this condition. Studies show that about 15% of people with MCI older than age 65 years developed dementia within two years of the initial MCI diagnosis. They also show that about 14% to 38% of people with MCI returned to their normal cognition level. […] The strongest risk factors for mild cognitive impairment are the same as those for dementia: being 65 or older, having a biological family history of dementia, and having conditions that increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity.

• #66 Classification and Epidemiology of MCI

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3821397/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia. […] Subjects with MCI have a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. […] Even among subjects who revert to normal cognition at one point in time, the rate of subsequent MCI or dementia is higher than among those who never develop MCI. […] Subjects with MCI also experience a greater mortality than cognitively normal subjects. […] In this review, we present an overview of the classification of MCI, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of MCI, risk factors for MCI, and the outcomes following an MCI diagnosis. […] The prevalence and incidence of MCI is high among elderly persons. […] Persons with MCI have a high risk of progression to dementia. […] Several risk factors for MCI are potentially modifiable and amenable to interventions to reduce risk. […] Persons with MCI have a higher mortality than cognitively normal persons. […] Persons with MCI who revert to normal have a higher risk of developing MCI or dementia at a later date.

• #67 Worldwide prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among community dwellers aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiology studies – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35977150/

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preclinical and transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia that may be a potential 'target’ for interventions designed to delay progression to dementia. […] The overall prevalence of MCI was 15.56% (95%CI: 13.24-18.03%). Prevalence rates of amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI were 10.03% (95%CI: 7.98-12.27%) and 8.72% (95%CI: 6.78-10.89%), respectively. […] The global prevalence of MCI among community dwellers is over 15% and is affected by age, gender, education level and region of study sites. Assessment and interventions targeting MCI within at-risk population subgroups should be considered toward the prevention of dementia.

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