Kleptomania
Epidemiologia

Kleptomania jest rzadkim zaburzeniem kontroli impulsów, charakteryzującym się nieodpartą potrzebą kradzieży przedmiotów nieistotnych pod względem użytkowym czy materialnym. Szacowane rozpowszechnienie w populacji ogólnej wynosi około 0,3-0,6%, jednak wśród pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wskaźniki te są znacznie wyższe (7,8% aktualnie, 9,3% w ciągu życia). Kleptomania często współwystępuje z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi, takimi jak zaburzenia nastroju (45-100%), zaburzenia kontroli impulsów (20-46%), zaburzenia związane z używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych (23-50%) oraz zaburzenia lękowe, w tym OCD. Szczególnie wysoka jest korelacja z zaburzeniami odżywiania, zwłaszcza bulimią (do 65%). Zaburzenie zwykle rozpoczyna się w okresie dojrzewania (średni wiek 19,4 lat) i ma charakter przewlekły, a jego rozpoznanie jest utrudnione ze względu na stygmatyzację i rzadkie zgłaszanie się pacjentów do leczenia.

Epidemiologia kleptomanii

Kleptomania jest stosunkowo rzadkim zaburzeniem psychicznym charakteryzującym się powtarzającym się, nieodpartym impulsom do kradzieży przedmiotów, które nie są potrzebne do użytku osobistego ani ze względu na ich wartość materialną. Pomimo znaczącego wpływu na osoby dotknięte tym zaburzeniem oraz konsekwencji społecznych i ekonomicznych, kleptomania pozostaje słabo zbadanym zaburzeniem psychiatrycznym12.

Rozpowszechnienie w populacji ogólnej

Dokładne określenie rozpowszechnienia kleptomanii w populacji ogólnej stanowi wyzwanie ze względu na niedostateczne raportowanie przypadków i stygmatyzację związaną z tym zaburzeniem1. Według większości badań, rozpowszechnienie kleptomanii w populacji ogólnej szacuje się na poziomie 0,3-0,6%123. Niektóre źródła podają szacunkową wartość około 6 osób na 1000, co przekłada się na około 1,2 miliona dorosłych Amerykanów12. Inne badania sugerują, że rzeczywiste rozpowszechnienie może być wyższe, gdyż osoby z kleptomanią rzadko szukają pomocy psychiatrycznej z powodu tego zaburzenia12.

Warto zauważyć, że często cytowane rozpowszechnienie kleptomanii wynoszące 0,6% w populacji ogólnej zostało ekstrapolowane z danych badawczych pacjentów z zaburzeniami odżywiania. Badanie przeprowadzone w 2010 roku wśród studentów uczelni wyższych wykazało niższy wskaźnik rozpowszechnienia kleptomanii wynoszący 0,38%, co prawdopodobnie jest bardziej dokładne, ponieważ nie pochodzi z określonej subpopulacji1.

Rozpowszechnienie wśród osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi

W przeciwieństwie do wskaźników rozpowszechnienia w populacji ogólnej, badania pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi sugerują znacznie wyższe wskaźniki występowania kleptomanii. Wśród 203 pacjentów hospitalizowanych z różnymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi, 7,8% spełniało aktualne, a 9,3% spełniało kryteria życiowe rozpoznania kleptomanii12. Podobne wartości aktualnego i całożyciowego rozpowszechnienia sugerują, że nieleczona kleptomania ma charakter przewlekły.

Inne badania wykazują zwiększone wskaźniki kleptomanii u pacjentów z depresją (3,7%), zaburzeniami związanymi z używaniem alkoholu (3,8%) oraz zaburzeniami hazardowymi (2,1% do 5%)1. Badanie 102 nastolatków hospitalizowanych z powodu różnych zaburzeń psychicznych wykazało, że 8,8% (n = 9) cierpiało na kleptomanię1.

Kleptomania a kradzieże sklepowe

Kleptomania stanowi około 5% wszystkich przypadków kradzieży sklepowych123. Biorąc pod uwagę całkowite koszty kradzieży sklepowych wynoszące 10 miliardów dolarów w 2002 roku, te 5% przekłada się na roczną stratę gospodarczą w wysokości 500 milionów dolarów przypisywaną kleptomanii1. W 2017 roku kradzieże sklepowe spowodowały straty w wysokości 13 miliardów dolarów dla sprzedawców detalicznych, stanowiąc 36,5% utraty zapasów1.

Wśród osób aresztowanych za kradzieże sklepowe, odsetek osób z kleptomanią waha się od 3,8% do 24%123. Te wskaźniki mogą być zaniżone z powodu niekompletnej oceny psychiatrycznej, braku ścisłych kryteriów diagnostycznych kleptomanii i/lub błędu selekcji1.

Różnice płciowe w występowaniu kleptomanii

Większość badań dotyczących kleptomanii wskazuje na przewagę kobiet wśród osób dotkniętych tym zaburzeniem12. Stosunek kobiet do mężczyzn z kleptomanią jest szacowany na około 3:1123. Niektóre źródła podają, że kobiety stanowią nawet 80% wszystkich znanych kleptomanów1.

Jednakże, kobiety częściej szukają profesjonalnej pomocy, a system prawny częściej kieruje kobiety dokonujące kradzieży sklepowych na ocenę psychiatryczną, podczas gdy mężczyzn częściej kieruje do więzienia. Dlatego rzeczywiste rozpowszechnienie wśród mężczyzn i kobiet może być bardziej podobne niż raportowane1. Jednym z powodów tej różnicy może być również to, że mężczyźni częściej otrzymują diagnozę antyspołecznego zaburzenia osobowości, a nie kleptomanii1.

Wiek zachorowania i przebieg choroby

Kleptomania zazwyczaj pojawia się w okresie dojrzewania lub wczesnej dorosłości, choć jej początek może wystąpić w różnym wieku, od dzieciństwa do późnej starości12. Średni wiek początku kradzieży wśród 101 dorosłych spełniających kryteria DSM-IV dla kleptomanii (73,3% kobiet) wynosił 19,4 lat, utrzymując się średnio przez 8,2 lat przed spełnieniem pełnych kryteriów diagnostycznych1.

Badania wskazują na wczesny wiek zachorowania i najczęściej ciągły przebieg choroby12. W niektórych przypadkach początek zachowań kleptomańskich pojawia się już w okresie dzieciństwa, szczególnie w rodzinach dysfunkcyjnych1.

Współwystępowanie zaburzeń psychicznych

Kleptomania rzadko występuje jako izolowane zaburzenie. Badania wskazują na wysokie wskaźniki współwystępowania innych zaburzeń psychicznych u osób z kleptomanią1.

Częstotliwość współwystępowania

Wyniki badań sugerują, że około 85% osób z kleptomanią doświadcza w ciągu życia współwystępujących zaburzeń psychicznych1. Inne badania wskazują, że około 85% osób z kleptomanią ma współistniejące zaburzenia psychiczne, takie jak zaburzenia lękowe, zaburzenie obsesyjno-kompulsywne (OCD) i zaburzenia związane z używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych1.

Najczęstsze współwystępujące zaburzenia

Wśród najczęstszych zaburzeń współwystępujących z kleptomanią znajdują się:

  • Zaburzenia nastroju (45-100% przypadków)12
  • Inne zaburzenia kontroli impulsów (20-46% przypadków)123
  • Zaburzenia związane z używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych (23-50% przypadków)12
  • Zaburzenia lękowe12

Szczególnie wysokie wskaźniki współwystępowania obserwuje się w przypadku zaburzeń odżywiania, zwłaszcza bulimii. Niektóre badania wykazały wyjątkowo wysoką korelację kleptomanii u pacjentów z bulimią wynoszącą 65%12. Współwystępowanie kleptomanii i zaburzeń odżywiania może pogorszyć profil kliniczny i wymaga specyficznych interwencji1.

Wskaźniki występowania zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsywnego (OCD) u pacjentów z kleptomanią są zróżnicowane i według różnych badań wynoszą od 0,7% do 60%12.

Związek ze spektrum impulsywno-kompulsywnym

Kleptomania jest klasyfikowana jako zaburzenie kontroli impulsów w Podręczniku Diagnostycznym i Statystycznym Zaburzeń Psychicznych (DSM-5)12. Jednakże badania wykazały, że ma ona cechy wspólne z zaburzeniami uzależniającymi (zaburzenia związane z używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych, zaburzenia hazardowe) oraz zaburzeniami obsesyjno-kompulsyjnymi1.

Wyniki badań sugerują, że kleptomania może przejawiać zarówno cechy impulsywne, jak i kompulsywne, biorąc pod uwagę wyniki podskali obsesyjno-kompulsyjnej SCL-90 i unikanie szkód (w zakresie kompulsywności) oraz poszukiwanie nowości i pilność pozytywną i negatywną (w zakresie impulsywności)1. Dlatego ważne jest dalsze badanie tego zaburzenia nie tylko jako zaburzenia kontroli impulsów, ale także z perspektywy wielowymiarowej w spektrum impulsywno-kompulsywnym.

Kleptomania może być również postrzegana jako forma zachowania uzależniającego i wykazano jej związek z innymi zaburzeniami związanymi z używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych (np. alkoholu i nikotyny)1. Naltrekson, antagonista opioidów stosowany w leczeniu zachowań uzależniających, wykazał skuteczność w redukcji objawów kleptomanii1.

Czynniki wpływające na monitorowanie epidemiologiczne

Wyzwania w diagnostyce i zgłaszaniu przypadków

Kleptomania jest rzadko zgłaszana dobrowolnie do specjalistów w zakresie zdrowia psychicznego1. Pacjenci zazwyczaj zgłaszają się na leczenie z nakazu prawnego z powodu powtarzających się kradzieży sklepowych. Ze względu na tajemnicę i wstyd, które jej towarzyszą, kleptomania często pozostaje niezdiagnozowana1.

Zaburzenie to jest często nierozpoznawane; 40% przypadków nie jest diagnozowanych, a 58% pacjentów nigdy nie było leczonych1. Większość osób z kleptomanią nie otrzymała leczenia z powodu kleptomanii, mimo że często szukały pomocy w związku z współistniejącymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi, najczęściej z powodu dużej depresji1.

Osoby z kleptomanią rzadko szukają leczenia z powodu tego zaburzenia. Kleptomania jest zazwyczaj diagnozowana i leczona dopiero wtedy, gdy pacjent szuka pomocy z powodu innego, czasem pokrewnego, zaburzenia psychicznego1.

Znaczenie wczesnego wykrywania i interwencji

Klinicyści powinni rutynowo pytać o impulsy do kradzieży podczas ogólnych wywiadów psychiatrycznych ze swoimi pacjentami1. Zwiększona świadomość i badania przesiewowe przeprowadzane przez klinicystów mogą zwiększyć liczbę pacjentów szukających pomocy.

Empatia, dokładna diagnoza i wczesna interwencja są kluczowe, jeśli mamy złagodzić znaczne koszty osobiste, prawne i ekonomiczne kleptomanii1. Bez leczenia osoby z tym zaburzeniem mają wysokie ryzyko problemów prawnych, problemów w relacjach lub problemów wynikających z innych zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego, w tym zwiększone ryzyko śmierci w wyniku samobójstwa1.

Implikacje dla badań i systemu opieki zdrowotnej

Konieczne są badania porównujące różne podejścia psychoterapeutyczne i farmakologiczne do leczenia tego zaburzenia1. Obecnie brakuje badań na temat etiologii i leczenia kleptomanii1.

Świadomość kleptomanii, empatia wobec osób nią dotkniętych oraz rygorystyczne badania nad opcjami leczenia są potrzebne, aby złagodzić osobiste i społeczne koszty kleptomanii1.

Inicjatywy edukacyjne i świadomościowe są niezbędne do promowania zrozumienia kleptomanii jako uleczalnego zaburzenia zdrowia psychicznego oraz do opowiadania się za politykami wspierającymi wczesną interwencję, dostęp do usług zdrowia psychicznego i zapobieganie recydywie wśród osób z kleptomanią1.

Konsekwencje społeczne i ekonomiczne

Kleptomania ma znaczący wpływ na życie osób dotkniętych tym zaburzeniem, a także na społeczeństwo i gospodarkę.

Konsekwencje osobiste i społeczne

Osoby z kleptomanią doświadczają znacznych ograniczeń w funkcjonowaniu społecznym i zawodowym1. Dane potwierdzają niszczycielski wpływ kleptomanii na życie osobiste i zawodowe oraz poważne konsekwencje prawne, odzwierciedlone w wysokich wskaźnikach aresztowań i pozbawienia wolności1.

Badania wykazały, że 64% do 87% pacjentów z kleptomanią ma historię zatrzymań1. Chociaż większość zatrzymań nie skutkuje karą pozbawienia wolności, wczesne dowody sugerują, że 15% do 23% pacjentów z kleptomanią trafiło do więzienia za kradzieże sklepowe1.

W jednym z badań obejmujących 40 pacjentów z kleptomanią, 31 osób (77,5%) zostało aresztowanych za kradzieże sklepowe1. Inne badanie wykazało, że ponad 68% osób z kleptomanią zostało aresztowanych za kradzież1.

Wyniki badań podkreślają również wysokie koszty emocjonalne i zawodowe, jakie to zaburzenie nakłada na jednostkę: aresztowania, pobyt w więzieniu, zakłócone relacje i zniszczone kariery1.

Konsekwencje ekonomiczne

Kleptomania ma znaczący wpływ ekonomiczny na społeczeństwo. Szacuje się, że rocznie około 2 miliony Amerykanów jest oskarżanych o kradzieże sklepowe1. Jeśli kleptomania odpowiada za 5% tych przypadków, przekłada się to na 100 000 aresztowań1.

Biorąc pod uwagę całkowite koszty kradzieży sklepowych wynoszące 10 miliardów dolarów w 2002 roku, 5% przypisywane kleptomanii przekłada się na roczną stratę gospodarczą w wysokości 500 milionów dolarów1. W 2017 roku kradzieże sklepowe spowodowały straty w wysokości 13 miliardów dolarów dla sprzedawców detalicznych, stanowiąc 36,5% utraty zapasów1.

Wpływ na wymiar sprawiedliwości

Konsekwencje prawne kleptomanii są znaczące i istnieje duża potrzeba szeroko zakrojonych badań nad strategiami leczenia, aby pomóc zapobiec dalszym nawrotom zachowań związanych z kradzieżą u osób z kleptomanią1.

System prawny częściej kieruje kobiety dokonujące kradzieży sklepowych na ocenę psychiatryczną, podczas gdy mężczyzn częściej kieruje do więzienia1. Ta dysproporcja może wpływać na zrozumienie epidemiologii kleptomanii i dostęp do odpowiedniego leczenia.

Wzrost świadomości na temat kleptomanii jako zaburzenia psychicznego, a nie wady charakteru czy moralnej porażki, jest kluczowy dla poprawy podejścia wymiaru sprawiedliwości do osób z tym zaburzeniem1.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Overview of Kleptomania and Phenomenological Description of 40 Patients
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC535651/
    Despite its considerable personal toll and its impact on the economy and the legal system, kleptomania is an understudied psychiatric disorder. […] We review what is known about the epidemiology, course, and treatment of kleptomania and describe 40 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for the disorder. […] Our data suggest a female preponderance, with an early age at onset and most often a continuous course. […] The prevalence of kleptomania in the U.S. general population is unknown but has been estimated at 6 per 1000 people, which translates into about 1.2 million of the 200 million American adults. […] Kleptomania is thought to account for 5% of shoplifting. […] This 5% translates into a $500 million annual loss to the economy attributable to kleptomania. […] Approximately 2 million Americans are charged with shoplifting annually.
  • #1 Kleptomania: Understanding the Complexities of a Compulsive Disorder – Eternal Purpose Recovery
    https://www.eternalpurposerecovery.com/uncategorized/kleptomania-understanding-the-complexities-of-a-compulsive-disorder/
    Kleptomania is classified as an impulse control disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). […] Determining the exact prevalence of kleptomania is challenging due to underreporting and stigma associated with the disorder. Studies suggest that kleptomania affects approximately 0.3% to 0.6% of the general population. […] Understanding these co-occurring conditions is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. […] The prognosis for kleptomania varies depending on several factors, including the severity of symptoms, presence of comorbid conditions, and adherence to treatment. Early intervention and comprehensive treatment planning can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of legal consequences, financial problems, or social isolation associated with the disorder. […] Education and awareness initiatives are essential to promote understanding of kleptomania as a treatable mental health condition and to advocate for policies that support early intervention, access to mental health services, and prevention of recidivism among individuals with kleptomania.
  • #1 Psychiatry.org – Kleptomania
    https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/apa-blogs/kleptomania
    Most people are familiar with the term kleptomania, a real, but rare, mental health condition. The key feature of kleptomania is the repeatedly acting on impulses to steal items even though the items are not needed. […] Kleptomania occurs in approximately 0.3%0.6% of the general population. […] Kleptomania is categorized as an impulse control disorder. However, research has shown it has features in common with addictive disorders (substance use disorder, gambling disorder) and obsessive-compulsive disorders. […] One study of college students found that urges to steal were associated with worse depressive symptoms, higher levels of stress and several psychiatric disorders.
  • #1 Kleptomania Facts and Statistics | Kleptomania and Mood Disorders
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/kleptomania/kleptomania-statistics/
    Kleptomania is defined as the irresistible impulse to steal unneeded items. […] The latest estimate is that 6 in 1000 people in the United States have kleptomania. This number constitutes approximately 0.6% of the population, or about 1.2 million adults as of 2004. […] Because of the nature of the disorder, statistics on the prevalence of kleptomania are challenging to determine. The condition can be difficult to detect because people with kleptomania often steal objects of little or no value, so their actions frequently go unnoticed. […] Currently, the American Psychiatric Association considers kleptomania to be an impulse control disorder. Other impulse control disorders co-occur in between 20-46% of people with kleptomania. […] Kleptomania is thought to account for 5% of shoplifting losses in the United States. In 2017, shoplifting resulted in $13 billion in damages for retailers, accounting for 36.5% of inventory loss. […] Individuals with kleptomania rarely seek treatment for the disorder. Kleptomania is usually only diagnosed and addressed when a patient seeks help for another, sometimes related, mental health disorder.
  • #1 Self-Assessment Questions – Course #96412: Behavioral Addictions – NetCE
    https://www.netce.com/studypoints.php?courseid=2794&printable=yes&page=printquestions
    The commonly quoted kleptomania prevalence of 0.6% in the general population was extrapolated from study data of patients with eating disorders. A 2010 college student survey found a lower kleptomania prevalence rate of 0.38%. This latter figure is likely more accurate because it was not derived from a specific subpopulation. Among those arrested for shoplifting, kleptomania rates have ranged from 0% to 8%. This may be falsely low due to incomplete psychiatric evaluation, lack of strict diagnostic criteria for kleptomania, and/or selection bias. […] In contrast to community prevalence rates, studies of patients with psychiatric disorders suggest prevalence rates of kleptomania sufficient to potentially represent a public health concern. Among 203 inpatients with diverse psychiatric disorders, 7.8% met current and 9.3% met lifetime criteria for a diagnosis for kleptomania. The similar current and lifetime prevalence suggests that untreated kleptomania is chronic. Other studies show increased rates of kleptomania in patients with depression (3.7%), alcohol use disorder (3.8%), and gambling disorder (2.1% to 5%).
  • #1 SciELO Brazil – Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento
    https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/wZ4Lq3zQbM4N5ccsb4QYBms/?lang=en
    Kleptomania, a disabling impulse control disorder, is characterized by the repetitive and uncontrollable theft of items that are of little use to the afflicted person. […] Despite its relatively long history, kleptomania remains poorly understood to the general public, clinicians, and sufferers. […] A recent study of adult psychiatric inpatients with multiple disorders (n = 204) revealed that 7.8% (n = 16) endorsed current symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of kleptomania, and 9.3% (n = 19) had a lifetime diagnosis of kleptomania. […] A study of 102 adolescents hospitalized for a variety of psychiatric disorders found that 8.8% (n = 9) suffered from kleptomania. […] These findings are consistent with prior studies. […] Although these studies suggest that kleptomania is not a rare behavior, this disorder remains poorly understood with little treatment data.
  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-006-0668-0
    Kleptomania is a disorder in which the individual impulsively steals even though there is need to do so (i.e., the individual has money to pay for the stolen items or does not need the stolen goods). […] The prevalence of kleptomania in the U.S. is unknown but has been estimated at 6 per 1000 people. […] Kleptomania is thought to account for 5% of shoplifting in the U.S. […] Based on total shoplifting costs of $10 billion in 2002, this 5% translates into a $500 million annual loss to the economy attributable to kleptomania. […] Recent studies assessing the rate of OCD in patients with kleptomania have given widely differing estimates, ranging from 6.5% to 60%.
  • #1 Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225132/
    Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder that can cause significant impairment and serious consequences. […] The prevalence of kleptomania in the general population is approximated at 0.6 percent. In those arrested for shoplifting, the prevalence of kleptomania is 3.8 to 24 percent. […] Kleptomania is rarely brought to medical attention voluntarily. Patients usually present for treatment by legal mandate due to repeated shoplifting. […] A study involving 20 kleptomania patients found a high association with major depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety and eating disorders. […] Kleptomania and other impulse control disorders seem to be more prevalent among those with psychiatric disorders. […] The pathophysiology of kleptomania is unknown. […] Kleptomania may also be regarded as a form of addictive behavior and has been shown to be associated with other substance use disorders (e.g., alcohol and nicotine).
  • #1 Self-Assessment Questions – Course #96412: Behavioral Addictions – NetCE
    https://www.netce.com/studypoints.php?courseid=2794&printable=yes&page=printquestions
    Most kleptomania studies report female predominance. However, women are more likely to seek professional help, and the legal system is more likely to send female shoplifters for psychiatric evaluation and male shoplifters to jail. So, the true prevalences in men and women may be more similar than reported. Among 101 adults meeting DSM-IV kleptomania criteria (73.3% female), the mean age of shoplifting onset was 19.4 years, persisting an average 8.2 years before full diagnostic criteria were met.
  • #1
    https://step1.medbullets.com/psychiatry/122031/kleptomania
    kleptomania is the inability to resist the urge to steal items that may not be necessary nor valuable to the person […] incidence […] ~6 per 1000 people […] estimated to account for ~5% of shoplifting […] demographics […] female:male ratio is ~3:1 […] age of onset is usually in adolescence.
  • #1 Kleptomania | EBSCO Research Starters
    https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/psychology/kleptomania
    Women make up 80 percent of the total number of known kleptomaniacs, and many of their medical records document troubled histories of depression, self-loathing, and suicidal tendencies. […] In pursuing causes for kleptomania, attention is directed toward the brain’s chemical makeup. The chemicals serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are neurotransmitters that influence judgment and feelings, so any imbalance in the levels of these chemicals can produce impulsivity. […] Treatment of kleptomania is difficult because most kleptomaniacs are never arrested or come forward for treatment. […] Because depression, anxiety, and mood swings usually accompany kleptomania, antidepressants are commonly prescribed to relieve the depression and self-loathing that prompts the act of stealing. […] However, most medications have mixed results for kleptomania, with the best results attributed to a combination of therapies. […] Because other issues and conflicts beset most individuals with kleptomania, the most beneficial treatments are psychotherapy and self-help groups.
  • #1 Kleptomania: Causes, Kleptomaniac Symptoms, Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/what_causes_kleptomania/article.htm
    Kleptomania is an irresistible urge to steal. It is believed to be caused by genetics, neurotransmitter abnormalities and the presence of other psychiatric conditions. […] A kleptomaniac steals because of an impulse control disorder, a rare mental illness that is estimated to occur in just 0.3%-0.6% of the general population in the U.S. […] Kleptomania is quite a rare condition and is estimated to affect only about 0.3%-0.6% of the general population in the U.S. Among shoplifters, kleptomaniacs may account for about 5%. […] The incidence of kleptomania appears to be higher in women than men, with an estimated ratio of 3:1 to 5:3. One reason for this may be that men are more likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, rather than kleptomania.
  • #1 Psychiatry.org – What are Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders?
    https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct-disorders/what-are-disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct
    This disorder tends to appear in adolescence. However, its onset can vary significantly between childhood and old age. The prevalence of this disorder is not known, but it is believed to be a generally uncommon diagnosis that may be more common in females and psychiatric patients. Many with this disorder also have substance use disorders, mood disorders, and first-degree relatives with substance use disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Symptoms tend to be more severe when patients also experience eating disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The disorder can be chronic if not treated. Treatment for this disorder consists of medications and therapy.
  • #1
    https://publication.k-pin.org/index.php/jpu/article/view/105
    Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder characterized by a recurrent failure in resisting the impulse to steal objects, which are unnecessary for personal use, regardless of their monetary value. […] This study aims to discover the experience of individuals with kleptomania symptoms. […] Both studies suggested that the onset of kleptomania behavior of all participants emerged since childhood period and that participants had disharmonious family background. […] Six themes that were perceived differently by each participant were disappointment to their parents, sense of desperation, uncontrolled drive to steal, perceived shame, sense of unsatisfaction, and willingness to improve self. […] Those themes were then concluded into three major themes: family background, participants internal dynamics, and the decision to improve self.
  • #1 Overview of Kleptomania and Phenomenological Description of 40 Patients
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC535651/
    If kleptomania accounts for 5% of these, this translates into 100,000 arrests. […] Lifetime psychiatric comorbidities appeared to be common, affecting 85% of subjects. […] Thirty-one subjects (77.5%) had been arrested for shoplifting. […] Our results also underline the high emotional and professional costs this disorder levies on the individual: arrests, jail time, disrupted relationships, and blighted careers. […] Given the secrecy and embarrassment that surround it, kleptomania often goes undiagnosed. […] Empathy, careful diagnosis, and early intervention are crucial if we are to mitigate the considerable personal, legal, and economic costs of kleptomania. […] Research comparing various psychotherapy and medication approaches to treating this disorder is clearly needed.
  • #1 Kleptomania: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention
    https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/disorder/kleptomania/
    The prevalence of kleptomania is relatively low, affecting approximately 0.3% to 0.6% of the general population in the United States, translating to about 1 in 200 individuals, according to Talih FRs 2011 report, Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors, published in the Innovations and Clinical Neuroscience Journal. […] Individuals with kleptomania have comorbid conditions, including other impulse control disorders (20-46%), mood disorders (45-100%), and anxiety disorders, according to Grant JE et al.s 2008 study titled Gender-related Differences in Individuals Seeking Treatment for Kleptomania published in the CNS Spectrums Journal. […] About 85% of individuals with kleptomania have co-existing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance use disorders, according to Talih FRs 2011 study titled, Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors published in the Innovation Clinical Neuroscience Journal.
  • #1 SciELO Brazil – Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento
    https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/wZ4Lq3zQbM4N5ccsb4QYBms/?lang=en
    Studies using clinical samples have consistently reported that the majority (approximately two-thirds) of kleptomania patients are women. […] Without epidemiological data, however, the true percentage of men and women with kleptomania remains unknown. […] For both men and women with kleptomania, lifetime psychiatric comorbidity with other impulse control (20-46%), substance use (23-50%) and mood (45-100%) disorders are common. […] Individuals with kleptomania suffer significant impairment in their ability to function socially and occupationally. […] Studies have reported that 64% to 87% of kleptomania patients have a history of being apprehended. […] Although most apprehensions do not result in jail time, early evidence suggests that 15% to 23% of kleptomania patients have been jailed for shoplifting.
  • #1 Kleptomania (312.32) | Abnormal Psychology
    https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-abnormalpsych/chapter/kleptomania-312-32-2/
    Kleptomania is a rare condition that appears to occur in fewer than 5% of identified shoplifters. […] Studies suggest that the prevalence in the general population may be around 0.6%. […] Studies also suggest that it is more prominent in females. […] Other studies, interestingly, have found an exceptionally high correlation of kleptomania in patients with bulimia of 65%. […] Also, approximately 7% of patients have a correlation with histories of OCD.
  • #1 Kleptomania on the impulsive–compulsive spectrum. Clinical and therapeutic considerations for women | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-85705-9
    The suggested complexity of KM impact on the treatment of the disorder, which, to date, keep represent another important gap in the literature. […] Therefore, considering co-occurring EDs may promote better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of KM, as well as provide practical clinical information. […] The findings of the present study suggest that KM can present both impulsive and compulsive features, considering obsessive-compulsive SCL-90 subscale and harm avoidance (in the compulsivity bound) and novelty seeking and positive and negative urgency (in the impulsivity bound). […] Therefore, is important to keep studying the disorder, not only as an ICD, but also from a multiple dimension into the impulsive-compulsive spectrum perspective. […] Interestingly, the comorbid presence of other disorders, as EDs, could increase the severity of the clinical profile, for which the results lay the groundwork for further exploration of other ICDs and co-occurring disorders with KM. […] Regarding treatment, in general, CBT is used, but other compulsive-related elements may be incorporated in cases that do not appear to respond to the traditional impulsive-directed treatments.
  • #1 Kleptomania (312.32) – Abnormal Psychology
    https://fscj.pressbooks.pub/abnormalpsychology/chapter/kleptomania-312-32/
    Studies suggest that approximately 0.6% of the general population that may have this disorder. […] Studies also suggest that it is more prominent in females. […] Other studies, interestingly, have found high comorbidity rates (65%) of kleptomania in patients with bulimia. […] Also, approximately 0.7% of patients also have a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • #1 Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3225132/
    Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist used to treat addictive behaviors, has been shown to reduce kleptomania symptoms. […] Impulse control disorders can present as neuropsychiatric sequelae of head trauma and traumatic brain injury. […] Kleptomania developing after head trauma has been reported in the literature. […] Clinicians should routinely inquire about urges to steal during the general psychiatric interviews with their patients. […] Increased awareness and screening by clinicians may increase the number of patients seeking help.
  • #1 Epidemiology of behavioral dependence: literature review and results of original studies | European Psychiatry | Cambridge Core
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/epidemiology-of-behavioral-dependence-literature-review-and-results-of-original-studies/C2FD3A1A03277E600389E0A86AD6D89A
    The extension of the definition of dependence leads to the consideration of some impulsive disorders as a form of dependence disorder. […] No systematic study has assessed the prevalence of kleptomania. Data come from case reports. Among subjects arrested after a theft, prevalence of kleptomania varied between 0 and 24%. […] The disorder is often unrecognized; 40% of the cases are not diagnosed and 58% of the patients have never been treated.
  • #1 Overview of Kleptomania and Phenomenological Description of 40 Patients
    https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/overview-kleptomania-phenomenological-description/
    Despite its considerable personal toll and its impact on the economy and the legal system, kleptomania is an understudied psychiatric disorder. […] We review what is known about the epidemiology, course, and treatment of kleptomania and describe 40 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for the disorder. […] Our data suggest a female preponderance, with an early age at onset and most often a continuous course. […] The majority of our subjects had not received treatment for kleptomania despite often having sought help for comorbid psychiatric conditions, most commonly major depressive disorder. […] Our data confirm kleptomanias devastating effects on personal and professional lives and serious legal consequences, reflected in high arrest and incarceration rates. […] Because patients with kleptomania rarely seek psychiatric help for the disorder, we indicate how other health care providers can screen for it, possibly as part of taking patients legal and social histories, and suggest treatments. […] Awareness of kleptomania, empathy toward those afflicted, and rigorous research into treatment options are needed to mitigate kleptomanias personal and societal costs.
  • #1 Kleptomania: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9878-kleptomania
    Kleptomania is uncommon. Experts estimate that it affects between 0.3% and 0.6% of the U.S. population. People with kleptomania make up between 4% and 5% of people arrested for shoplifting. […] Kleptomania is a mental health condition that happens unpredictably and for reasons that experts still dont fully understand. Because of that, it isnt possible to prevent it or reduce your risk of developing it. […] Without treatment, people with this condition have a high risk of legal issues, relationship problems or problems from other mental health conditions, including a higher risk of dying by suicide.
  • #1 SciELO Brazil – Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento
    https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/wZ4Lq3zQbM4N5ccsb4QYBms/?lang=en
    Data is limited on the family history and possible genetics of kleptomania. […] Although pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy have shown some early promise in treating kleptomania, only a small number of subjects have been examined. […] Currently, there are no medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States to treat kleptomania. […] Various treatments have been helpful in case studies and small treatment studies but more research examining etiology and treatment is needed.
  • #1 What Is Kleptomania?
    https://www.verywellmind.com/what-you-should-know-about-kleptomania-4137660
    Kleptomania is a condition characterized by an irresistible urge to steal. […] Kleptomania often emerges sometime during adolescence and appears more commonly in women than in men. […] One study of clinical patients found that more than 68% of those with kleptomania had been arrested for stealing. […] The exact causes of kleptomania are still under investigation, although it is suggested that both genetic and environmental influences may play a role. […] Just how common is kleptomania? It is thought to be relatively rare. Estimates place the lifetime prevalence at somewhere between 0.3 to 0.6 of the population, although it has also been suggested that the real number may be higher. […] It is estimated that kleptomania accounts for 5% of all shoplifting, translating to an annual economic loss of around $500 million. […] National data assessing the prevalence in the general population does not exist, but numbers pulled from clinical samples suggest that kleptomania may be much more common than previously believed.
  • #1 Kleptomania DSM-5 302.32 (F63.3)
    https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/kleptomania-dsm–5-302.32-(f63.3)
    Kleptomania is a rare disorder, and is only diagnosed in 0.3-0.6% of the population, and there are 3 females for every 1 male diagnosed (The American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] Kleptomania is often co-diagnosed with anxiety disorders, eating disorders, bipolar and other depressive disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, compulsive buying disorders, and, of course, other disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders (The American Psychiatric Association). […] The legal and social consequences of kleptomania are significant, and there is a great need for extensive research into treatment strategies to help prevent kleptomaniacs from continuing to relapse into thieving behaviors.
  • #1 A Psychologist Reveals 3 Reasons Behind ‘Kleptomania’
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2024/02/27/a-psychologist-reveals-3-reasons-behind-kleptomania/
    Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are typically not needed for personal use or for their monetary value. […] Kleptomania is considered an impulse control disorder and can lead to significant distress, impairment in social or occupational functioning and legal consequences if not treated. […] Research shows that kleptomaniacs often struggle with mood disorders, including major depressive disorder. […] Researchers also suggest that kleptomania could be associated with childhood trauma, neglectful or abusive parenting, sexual repression and possibly trying to compensate for a sense of loss in one’s life through stealing. […] Research shows that shoplifters usually view stealing as a low-risk way to cope with their physical, emotional or economic stress. […] It is crucial to recognize kleptomania as a legitimate mental health condition rather than a character flaw or moral failing.
  • #2 38843 | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/publications/388/38843.html
    BACKGROUND: Despite its considerable personal toll and its impact on the economy and the legal system, kleptomania is an understudied psychiatric disorder. […] We review what is known about the epidemiology, course, and treatment of kleptomania and describe 40 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for the disorder. […] Our data suggest a female preponderance, with an early age at onset and most often a continuous course. […] The majority of our subjects had not received treatment for kleptomania despite often having sought help for comorbid psychiatric conditions, most commonly major depressive disorder. […] Our data confirm kleptomania’s devastating effects on personal and professional lives and serious legal consequences, reflected in high arrest and incarceration rates. […] Because patients with kleptomania rarely seek psychiatric help for the disorder, we indicate how other health care providers can screen for it, possibly as part of taking patients’ legal and social histories, and suggest treatments. […] Awareness of kleptomania, empathy toward those afflicted, and rigorous research into treatment options are needed to mitigate kleptomania’s personal and societal costs.
  • #2 Kleptomania: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9878-kleptomania
    Kleptomania is uncommon. Experts estimate that it affects between 0.3% and 0.6% of the U.S. population. People with kleptomania make up between 4% and 5% of people arrested for shoplifting. […] Kleptomania is a mental health condition that happens unpredictably and for reasons that experts still dont fully understand. Because of that, it isnt possible to prevent it or reduce your risk of developing it. […] Without treatment, people with this condition have a high risk of legal issues, relationship problems or problems from other mental health conditions, including a higher risk of dying by suicide.
  • #2
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-006-0668-0
    Kleptomania is a disorder in which the individual impulsively steals even though there is need to do so (i.e., the individual has money to pay for the stolen items or does not need the stolen goods). […] The prevalence of kleptomania in the U.S. is unknown but has been estimated at 6 per 1000 people. […] Kleptomania is thought to account for 5% of shoplifting in the U.S. […] Based on total shoplifting costs of $10 billion in 2002, this 5% translates into a $500 million annual loss to the economy attributable to kleptomania. […] Recent studies assessing the rate of OCD in patients with kleptomania have given widely differing estimates, ranging from 6.5% to 60%.
  • #2 What Is Kleptomania?
    https://www.verywellmind.com/what-you-should-know-about-kleptomania-4137660
    Kleptomania is a condition characterized by an irresistible urge to steal. […] Kleptomania often emerges sometime during adolescence and appears more commonly in women than in men. […] One study of clinical patients found that more than 68% of those with kleptomania had been arrested for stealing. […] The exact causes of kleptomania are still under investigation, although it is suggested that both genetic and environmental influences may play a role. […] Just how common is kleptomania? It is thought to be relatively rare. Estimates place the lifetime prevalence at somewhere between 0.3 to 0.6 of the population, although it has also been suggested that the real number may be higher. […] It is estimated that kleptomania accounts for 5% of all shoplifting, translating to an annual economic loss of around $500 million. […] National data assessing the prevalence in the general population does not exist, but numbers pulled from clinical samples suggest that kleptomania may be much more common than previously believed.
  • #2 SciELO Brazil – Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento Cleptomania: características clínicas e tratamento
    https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/wZ4Lq3zQbM4N5ccsb4QYBms/?lang=en
    Kleptomania, a disabling impulse control disorder, is characterized by the repetitive and uncontrollable theft of items that are of little use to the afflicted person. […] Despite its relatively long history, kleptomania remains poorly understood to the general public, clinicians, and sufferers. […] A recent study of adult psychiatric inpatients with multiple disorders (n = 204) revealed that 7.8% (n = 16) endorsed current symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of kleptomania, and 9.3% (n = 19) had a lifetime diagnosis of kleptomania. […] A study of 102 adolescents hospitalized for a variety of psychiatric disorders found that 8.8% (n = 9) suffered from kleptomania. […] These findings are consistent with prior studies. […] Although these studies suggest that kleptomania is not a rare behavior, this disorder remains poorly understood with little treatment data.
  • #2 Kleptomania – PsychDB
    https://www.psychdb.com/child/disruptive-impulsive/kleptomania
    The prevalence of kleptomania in the general population is very rare, and thought to be between 0.3 to 0.6%. […] Females outnumber males at (3:1). […] Kleptomania is estimated to occur in about 4 to 24% of individuals who are arrested for shoplifting.
  • #2
    https://step2.medbullets.com/psychiatry/122032/kleptomania
    kleptomania is the inability to resist the urge to steal items that may not be necessary nor valuable to the person […] Incidence […] ~6 per 1000 people […] estimated to account for ~5% of shoplifting […] Demographics […] female:male ratio is ~3:1 […] age of onset is usually in adolescence.
  • #2 Kleptomania and Pyromania | Concise Medical Knowledge
    https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/kleptomania-and-pyromania/
    Kleptomania is the impulse to steal without the need to (e.g., items stolen are free, have no value, the person doesn’t need them or could afford them), accompanied by a feeling of relief or relaxation after the theft. […] Incidence of kleptomania is 0.3% to 0.6% (compared with lifetime prevalence of shoplifting of 11.3% in the United States). […] Women:men incidence is 3:1. […] High rates of comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders.
  • #2
    https://step1.medbullets.com/psychiatry/122031/kleptomania
    kleptomania is the inability to resist the urge to steal items that may not be necessary nor valuable to the person […] incidence […] ~6 per 1000 people […] estimated to account for ~5% of shoplifting […] demographics […] female:male ratio is ~3:1 […] age of onset is usually in adolescence.
  • #2 Kleptomania: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention
    https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/disorder/kleptomania/
    The prevalence of kleptomania is relatively low, affecting approximately 0.3% to 0.6% of the general population in the United States, translating to about 1 in 200 individuals, according to Talih FRs 2011 report, Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors, published in the Innovations and Clinical Neuroscience Journal. […] Individuals with kleptomania have comorbid conditions, including other impulse control disorders (20-46%), mood disorders (45-100%), and anxiety disorders, according to Grant JE et al.s 2008 study titled Gender-related Differences in Individuals Seeking Treatment for Kleptomania published in the CNS Spectrums Journal. […] About 85% of individuals with kleptomania have co-existing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance use disorders, according to Talih FRs 2011 study titled, Kleptomania and Potential Exacerbating Factors published in the Innovation Clinical Neuroscience Journal.
  • #2 Kleptomania Facts and Statistics | Kleptomania and Mood Disorders
    https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/kleptomania/kleptomania-statistics/
    Kleptomania is defined as the irresistible impulse to steal unneeded items. […] The latest estimate is that 6 in 1000 people in the United States have kleptomania. This number constitutes approximately 0.6% of the population, or about 1.2 million adults as of 2004. […] Because of the nature of the disorder, statistics on the prevalence of kleptomania are challenging to determine. The condition can be difficult to detect because people with kleptomania often steal objects of little or no value, so their actions frequently go unnoticed. […] Currently, the American Psychiatric Association considers kleptomania to be an impulse control disorder. Other impulse control disorders co-occur in between 20-46% of people with kleptomania. […] Kleptomania is thought to account for 5% of shoplifting losses in the United States. In 2017, shoplifting resulted in $13 billion in damages for retailers, accounting for 36.5% of inventory loss. […] Individuals with kleptomania rarely seek treatment for the disorder. Kleptomania is usually only diagnosed and addressed when a patient seeks help for another, sometimes related, mental health disorder.
  • #2 Solved Which of the following is TRUE regarding the | Chegg.com
    https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/following-true-regarding-epidemiology-kleptomania–thought-high-comorbidity-25-50-kleptoma-q147595371
    There is thought to be high comorbidity (25%-50%) between kleptomania and SUDs. […] The disorder is more prevalent in males than females, with an estimated 4:1 ratio of affected individuals. […] Greater than 50% of shoplifters are thought to meet criteria for the diagnosis of kleptomania.
  • #2 Kleptomania DSM-5 302.32 (F63.3)
    https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/kleptomania-dsm–5-302.32-(f63.3)
    Kleptomania is a rare disorder, and is only diagnosed in 0.3-0.6% of the population, and there are 3 females for every 1 male diagnosed (The American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] Kleptomania is often co-diagnosed with anxiety disorders, eating disorders, bipolar and other depressive disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, compulsive buying disorders, and, of course, other disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders (The American Psychiatric Association). […] The legal and social consequences of kleptomania are significant, and there is a great need for extensive research into treatment strategies to help prevent kleptomaniacs from continuing to relapse into thieving behaviors.
  • #2 Kleptomania (312.32) – Abnormal Psychology
    https://fscj.pressbooks.pub/abnormalpsychology/chapter/kleptomania-312-32/
    Studies suggest that approximately 0.6% of the general population that may have this disorder. […] Studies also suggest that it is more prominent in females. […] Other studies, interestingly, have found high comorbidity rates (65%) of kleptomania in patients with bulimia. […] Also, approximately 0.7% of patients also have a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • #2 Kleptomania: Understanding the Complexities of a Compulsive Disorder – Eternal Purpose Recovery
    https://www.eternalpurposerecovery.com/uncategorized/kleptomania-understanding-the-complexities-of-a-compulsive-disorder/
    Kleptomania is classified as an impulse control disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). […] Determining the exact prevalence of kleptomania is challenging due to underreporting and stigma associated with the disorder. Studies suggest that kleptomania affects approximately 0.3% to 0.6% of the general population. […] Understanding these co-occurring conditions is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. […] The prognosis for kleptomania varies depending on several factors, including the severity of symptoms, presence of comorbid conditions, and adherence to treatment. Early intervention and comprehensive treatment planning can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of legal consequences, financial problems, or social isolation associated with the disorder. […] Education and awareness initiatives are essential to promote understanding of kleptomania as a treatable mental health condition and to advocate for policies that support early intervention, access to mental health services, and prevention of recidivism among individuals with kleptomania.
  • #3 Kleptomania on the impulsive–compulsive spectrum. Clinical and therapeutic considerations for women | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-85705-9
    The current literature regarding kleptomania (KM) is scarce, especially regarding treatment approaches and outcomes. […] The KM-only group was diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria and by a face-to-face clinical interviewed. […] Compared to HCs, both KM groups reported more psychopathology, higher impulsivity, and more dysfunctional personality features. […] Both clinical groups present poor treatment outcomes. […] KM can present impulsive and compulsive features, and these may impact treatment outcomes. […] Co-occurring KM and EDs may worsen clinical profiles and warrant specific interventions. […] Prevalence among the general population is relatively low, varying between 0.3% and 2.6% […] Although KM is currently considered as an ICD, alternative hypotheses have been propose, mentioned it as a compulsive disorder.
  • #3
    https://step1.medbullets.com/psychiatry/122031/kleptomania
    kleptomania is the inability to resist the urge to steal items that may not be necessary nor valuable to the person […] incidence […] ~6 per 1000 people […] estimated to account for ~5% of shoplifting […] demographics […] female:male ratio is ~3:1 […] age of onset is usually in adolescence.
  • #3 %%title%% %%page%% – Apollo Hospital Blog
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/what-are-the-myths-and-facts-of-kleptomania/
    Kleptomania is not the same as shoplifting. Most individuals who shoplift do it because they want, need, or can’t afford something or because of peer pressure, as in the case of certain juvenile shoplifters. Kleptomania, however, leads to an act of theft as a result of an impulse control disorder. […] Although shoplifting is frequent, real Kleptomania is uncommon (0.3 to 0.6 per cent of the general population). Kleptomania affects between 4% and 24% of shoplifters, according to estimates. […] Females are more prone to Kleptomania than males. […] Kleptomaniacs frequently suffer from various mental illnesses. Depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance addiction disorders are the most common. This implies that there could be a link between these diseases and the onset of Kleptomania.
  • #3 What is Kleptomania? | Causes, symptoms, preventing & treatment
    https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/kleptomania/
    Kleptomania is a psychological disorder affecting around 6 in 1,000 people according to statistics. However, the true number could be far greater than this, as many people dont seek professional assistance when they have this condition. […] Kleptomania is classed as being uncommon and only affects 0.6% of the population. However, of all the people who are arrested for shoplifting, as many as 24% have the condition. […] According to Psychology Today, the condition is three times more prevalent in women compared to men.
  • #3 Understanding kleptomania and dishonesty – Tikvah Lake Florida
    https://www.tikvahlake.com/blog/understanding-kleptomania-and-dishonesty/
    Kleptomania is believed to be behind around five percent of shoplifting incidents. […] It is thought that around six in every 1000 people in America have kleptomania. […] Other impulse-control disorders co-occur in 20 to 45 percent of those suffering from kleptomania. […] So in instances when help is given, kleptomania has rarely been the presenting problem. This is why kleptomania might be a bigger problem than the statistics show.