Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. Most people don’t know they have cytomegalovirus (CMV) because it rarely causes problems in healthy people. […] If you’re pregnant or if your immune system is weakened, CMV is cause for concern. Women who develop an active CMV infection during pregnancy can pass the virus to their babies, who might then experience symptoms. For people who have weakened immune systems, especially people who have had an organ, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, CMV infection can be fatal. […] There is no cure, but there are medications that can help treat the symptoms. […] If your immune system is weakened, you might experience serious problems that affect your: Eyes, Lungs, Liver, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Brain.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/cytomegalovirus-nursing-diagnosis/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that can cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and congenital infections in newborns. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying symptoms, preventing complications, and managing care for patients affected by CMV infection. […] CMV presents with varying symptoms depending on the patients immune status and the type of infection. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of CMV infection: The patient will maintain stable vital signs, Patient will demonstrate improved immune function, The patient will show no signs of organ complications, Patient will maintain adequate nutrition and hydration, Patient will demonstrate an understanding of infection prevention, Patient will adhere to the prescribed antiviral therapy, The patient will report improved energy levels, Patient will avoid secondary infections.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus | Idaho Department of Health and Welfare

  https://healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/health-wellness/diseases-conditions/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus, or CMV, is a common virus that infects people of all ages. After CMV is in a persons body, it stays there for life and can reactivate, however most people infected with CMV show no signs or symptoms. […] However, CMV infection can cause serious health problems for people with weakened immune systems, as well as babies infected with the virus before they are born. […] When a baby is born with CMV infection, it is known as congenital CMV. […] Children born with congenital CMV infection are more likely to develop permanent disabilities in their first few years of life if they showed symptoms at birth. […] Some babies without symptoms of congenital CMV at birth may later develop hearing loss. […] A pregnant woman should consult with her doctor if she experiences illness such as a fever, swollen glands, stiff joints, and muscle aches.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus Infections | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/cytomegalovirus-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50 percent and 80 percent of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person’s body, it stays there for life. […] CMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don’t get sick and don’t know that they’ve been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities. […] A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don’t need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.

• #5 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is closely related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and mononucleosis (mono). CMV infections are very common, and most of us will probably have one in our lifetimes. […] Most people infected with CMV have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. In healthy kids, a CMV infection is rarely serious. Any symptoms it does cause usually are mild and temporary. But cytomegalovirus can cause problems for an unborn child whose mother has the virus and for people with weak immune systems. […] CMV infections that happen in kids after the newborn period usually don’t cause serious illness. But some kids may develop pneumonia, hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), or a rash. […] CMV can cause serious infections in people who have had organ transplants or those with weak immune systems. In someone with AIDS or HIV, CMV infection may affect the lungs, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes, sometimes causing blindness.

• #6

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support. […] From the latest diagnostic techniques to the newest evidence-based medicines, our infectious disease physicians offer specialized care for many infectious diseases including HIV, cytomegalovirus, fungal infections, mycobacterial infections, and more.

• #7 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (also called CMV) is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. […] If you get infected with CMV during pregnancy, it may cause pregnancy loss or serious health problems in your baby, including preterm birth or low birthweight, or hearing loss at birth or later in life. […] CMV is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. One in 3 pregnant people passes the infection on to their babies. If you have CMV during pregnancy, the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby. […] When a baby gets CMV during pregnancy, its called congenital CMV. Congenital means that its present at birth. […] Theres no cure for CMV, but medicines can help treat CMV in newborns and people with weak immune systems.

• #8 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection caused by a virus. Most people get infected during their life, but do not have any symptoms or have just mild symptoms. […] Some people get very sick from CMV infections, such as: People who have a weakened immune system, Women who are pregnant, because CMV can harm the fetus, Infants born premature or at a very low weight. […] A child with CMV may have: Fever, Body aches and weakness, Sore throat, Swollen glands (lymph nodes) in the neck, Enlarged liver or spleen. […] Many children do not have symptoms of CMV infections. However, CMV can be severe, even life-threatening, for people with weakened immune systems and premature infants. […] If a woman is infected with CMV while they are pregnant, there is a risk they will transmit the CMV virus through their blood to the fetus. In some cases this can be harmful to the fetus. It can cause delays in development, hearing loss, and other birth defects.

• #9 Cytomegalovirus infection in critically ill patients: a systematic review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2717427/

  CMV infection occurs in 0 to 36% of critically ill patients, mostly between 4 and 12 days after ICU admission. Potential risk factors for CMV infection include sepsis, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and transfusions. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (21 to 39 days vs. 13 to 24 days) and duration of ICU stay (33 to 69 days vs. 22 to 48 days) correlated significantly with a higher risk of CMV infection. Mortality rates in patients with CMV infection were higher in some but not all studies. Whether CMV produces febrile syndrome or end-organ disease directly in these patients is not known. […] CMV infection frequently occurs in critically ill immunocompetent patients and may be associated with poor outcomes. Further studies are warranted to identify subsets of patients who are likely to develop CMV infection and to determine the impact of antiviral agents on clinically meaningful outcomes in these patients.

• #10

  https://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38728630

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has long been recognized as an important viral syndrome in the immunocompromised host. […] CMV infection in ICU patients is a potentially serious disease requiring close attention. The findings from our study help in identifying patients in the ICU at risk for CMV infection, thereby warranting frequent screening. Patients at high risk of death (male, on mechanical ventilation) should receive prompt treatment and intensive follow-up.

• #11 Cytomegalovirus infectionExternal LinkExternal Link

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-infection

  Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may cause a mononucleosis syndrome clinically indistinguishable from Epstein–Barr virus infection. […] CMV is the most important cause of congenital viral infections in Australia. Some infected infants develop health problems. […] Prevention focuses on reducing the risk of CMV transmission to women who are pregnant and of childbearing age, and other people at risk of more serious infections. […] Healthy pregnant women are not at special risk for disease from CMV infection, but between 1 per cent and 5 per cent are infected for the first time during their pregnancy. […] When infected with CMV, most pregnant women have no symptoms, while a very few have a disease resembling mononucleosis. […] The CMV status of blood and organ donors should be matched to that of recipients wherever possible. […] Immunosuppressed people with CMV retinitis or pneumonitis are usually treated in specialist centres with ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir/probenecid. These drugs may also be of benefit for other complications of CMV infection.

• #12 Partners in Care | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated in the…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very common viral infection that is related to a type of herpes virus and affects people of all ages. Approximately 1 to 4 in 100 women contract CMV during pregnancy. If a woman catches CMV during pregnancy, the pregnant mother has a 1 in 3 (33%) chance of passing CMV to the unborn baby. […] If you catch CMV during pregnancy, it very rarely causes complications for an unborn baby. However, its important to be monitored by your doctor, because for some babies, CMV can cause serious health problems. […] CMV is not associated with any health risks for the pregnant mother. Almost all severe CMV infections diagnosed in the fetus are the result of the pregnant mother contracting a CMV infection in the first 12 weeks of the pregnancy. […] If a fetus develops excess fluid in the sac surrounding the fetus (polyhydramnios), this can lead to maternal discomfort and, in some cases, problems with maternal breathing.

• #12 Partners in Care | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated in the…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  A vaginal delivery is safe for babies with CMV. Most women with a baby in utero with CMV will be allowed to go into spontaneous labor near their due date. […] Treating the pregnant mother with a high dose of Valtrex, a drug used to treat genital herpes, has been associated with a 50% increase in the chance of the newborn not showing any signs of CMV. […] After birth, your baby will undergo testing of their urine or saliva to determine if a CMV infection is present. Your baby’s blood will be drawn to examine blood counts and to assess for liver problems. […] The Comprehensive Fetal Care Center, a clinical partnership between Dell Children’s Medical Center and UT Health Austin, takes a multidisciplinary approach to your child’s care.

• #13 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/cmv.html

  You can pass CMV to your baby. […] If you are pregnant and have CMV, the virus in your blood can cross through your placenta and infect your developing baby. […] You may be able to lessen your risk of getting CMV by reducing contact with saliva and urine from babies and young children. […] Some babies may have signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth may have long-term health problems, such as hearing loss, vision loss, intellectual disability, small head size, lack of coordination, weakness or problems using muscles, and seizures. […] Congenital CMV infection can be diagnosed by testing a newborn babys saliva, urine, or blood. […] Medicines, called antivirals, may decrease the risk of health problems and hearing loss in some infected babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. […] Babies with congenital CMV infection, with or without signs at birth, should have regular hearing checks. […] Regularly follow-up with your babys doctor to discuss the care and additional services your child may need.

• #13 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/cmv.html

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages. […] However, CMV infection can cause serious health problems for people with weakened immune systems, as well as babies infected with the virus before they are born (congenital CMV). […] People with weakened immune systems who get CMV can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. […] Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. […] Hearing loss is the most common health problem in babies born with congenital CMV infection, which may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. […] Health care providers should follow standard precautions. […] Medications are available to treat CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems and babies who show symptoms of congenital CMV infection.

• #14

  http://www.pediatricweb.com/webpost/iframe/MedicalConditions_523.asp?tArticleId=2956

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of a pregnant mother’s fetus can be very harmful. […] Attention to proper hand-hygiene technique at all the times listed in Chapter 2. This is especially important for women of childbearing age who work with young children or whose young children are enrolled in child care. Avoid exchange of saliva directly or via objects (eg, moistening a pacifier with the mouth), and wash hands and objects carefully after contact with urine. […] Women of childbearing age who have any contact with groups of children or have their own children younger than 3 years who participate in group care settings should discuss their risk of CMV exposure with their health professionals. […] Cytomegalovirus is the most common viral infection that babies are born with, affecting 0.5% to 1.0% of all births. Most infected newborns do not have any illness or disability. However, 10% to 20% of infected newborns have sensorineural hearing loss, developmental disabilities, cerebral palsy, or vision disturbances.

• #15 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  You can pass CMV to your baby at any time during pregnancy. But you are more likely to pass it on if you get infected for the first time during pregnancy or if a past CMV infection becomes active again, especially in the third trimester. […] Most babies with congenital CMV dont have health problems, but about 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV can get sick from the virus or have long-term health problems. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. Antiviral medication may lower your babys risk of developing health problems and hearing loss. […] CMV can be transmitted to your baby through breast milk while nursing. If you have CMV, you can nurse your baby if they were full term at birth. However, if your baby was born before 30 weeks of pregnancy and weighs less than 3.3 pounds (1,500 grams), talk to your provider before nursing.

• #16 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with CMV infection is hearing loss. This may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. […] If you are pregnant and infected with CMV, you can pass CMV to your developing baby. When a baby is born with a CMV infection, it is called congenital CMV. […] Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical treatment. […] Medications called antivirals are available to treat: CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems. […] Babies with signs of congenital CMV at birth. […] Valganciclovir is an antiviral that might improve hearing and developmental outcomes in babies. […] Children with congenital CMV should have regular hearing and vision checks. There are other services a child may need to help them develop strong language and communications skills.

• #17 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. This activity reviews the role of health professionals working together to manage cytomegalovirus. […] The use of antiviral therapy is not without risk. Toxicity is common with the use of these agents and must be weighed against the benefits of initiating treatment. […] Patients without CMV infection who receive organ transplants from CMV-infected donors should receive prophylactic treatment with valganciclovir or ganciclovir, and regular serological monitoring; if treated, the early establishment of a potentially life-threatening infection can be avoided.

• #18 Cytomegalovirus Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/cytomegalovirus-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Secondary Infection related to immunocompromised state and active CMV infection as evidenced by decreased white blood cell count and immunosuppressive therapy. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to viral infection and inflammatory response as evidenced by decreased energy levels and activity intolerance. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Impaired Liver Function related to CMV infection as evidenced by elevated liver enzymes and hepatomegaly. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Anxiety related to chronic illness and uncertain prognosis as evidenced by expressed concerns and increased stress levels. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Impaired Visual Function related to CMV retinitis as evidenced by changes in visual acuity and retinal examination findings.

• #18 Cytomegalovirus Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/cytomegalovirus-nursing-diagnosis/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that can cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and congenital infections in newborns. This nursing diagnosis focuses on identifying symptoms, preventing complications, and managing care for patients affected by CMV infection. […] CMV presents with varying symptoms depending on the patients immune status and the type of infection. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of CMV infection: The patient will maintain stable vital signs, Patient will demonstrate improved immune function, The patient will show no signs of organ complications, Patient will maintain adequate nutrition and hydration, Patient will demonstrate an understanding of infection prevention, Patient will adhere to the prescribed antiviral therapy, The patient will report improved energy levels, Patient will avoid secondary infections.

• #19 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  There are various CMV-treatment approaches based on the patients CMV status and co-morbidities. Some patients receive prophylaxis whereas some receive preemptive therapy. Prophylaxis is given to a patient to prevent primary, reactivation, or recurrent infection. Preemptive therapy is given to asymptomatic CMV-infected patients with CMV detected by screening tests. […] The drug of choice for the treatment of CMV disease is intravenous ganciclovir, although valganciclovir may be used for nonsevere CMV treatment in selected cases. […] Ganciclovir has been used to treat CNS disease, including encephalitis and neuropathy, with mixed results. […] Valganciclovir is used for treatment in selected CMV cases. […] A major successful use of ganciclovir has been prophylactic or preemptive treatment of CMV disease in transplant recipients.

• #20 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355364

  Laboratory tests including tests of blood and other body fluids or tests of tissue samples can detect cytomegalovirus (CMV). […] Newborns and people who have weakened immunity need treatment when they’re experiencing symptoms of CMV infection. The type of treatment depends on the signs and symptoms and their severity. […] Antiviral medications are the most common type of treatment. They can slow reproduction of the virus, but can’t eliminate it. Researchers are studying new medications and vaccines to treat and prevent CMV.

• #21 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that’s usually harmless. Sometimes it causes problems in babies and people with a weakened immune system. […] The GP may arrange tests to find out if you’ve been infected with CMV. […] Babies born with congenital CMV may have tests to check their kidneys, liver, brain, eyes and hearing, and regular follow-up appointments until they’re around 5 years old. […] If cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not causing symptoms, you or your baby may not need any treatment. […] Antiviral medicine may be used to treat: babies diagnosed with congenital CMV after they’re born, people with a weakened immune system, people who have had a stem cell transplant or organ transplant. […] Treatment weakens the virus and lowers the chance of serious problems, but it does not cure the CMV infection.

• #21 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to lower the chance of getting cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is to: wash your hands using soap and water especially after changing nappies, feeding young children or wiping their nose, regularly wash toys or other items that may have young children’s saliva or pee on them, avoid sharing food, cutlery and drinking glasses, or putting a child’s dummy in your mouth, avoid kissing young children on their mouth. […] Pregnant women who work closely with children or already have a young family are more at risk of getting CMV.

• #22 Cytomegalovirus | Infection Control | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/cytomegalovirus.html

  Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel who have an exposure to cytomegalovirus. […] Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel with active cytomegalovirus infection. […] Using infection prevention and control practices as recommended by CDC prevents transmission of CMV in healthcare settings. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is not administered after exposure to CMV. No treatment for CMV infection in healthy adults is indicated. […] For pregnant or immunocompromised HCP who develop signs and symptoms compatible with CMV infection, referral to their obstetric provider, infectious diseases specialist, or transplant team may be indicated for counseling or to discuss the possible need for further diagnostic testing and management.

• #23 Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus. […] Most people recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicine for CMV. Rest is needed, sometimes for a month or longer to regain full activity levels. Painkillers and warm salt-water gargles can help relieve symptoms. […] Antiviral medicines and antibody therapy are usually not used in people with healthy immune function, but may be used for people with an impaired immune system. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of CMV infection. […] CMV infection can be contagious if the infected person comes in close or intimate contact with another person. You should avoid kissing and sexual contact with an infected person.

• #24 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus group of infections. Like herpes, it is inactive at times, but it is incurable and is a lifetime infection. […] If we find that your baby has been infected with CMV, treatment should begin right away to ensure that the condition has a minimal effect on her health. […] Here at Boston Children’s, physicians in our Division of Infectious Diseases care for children and adolescents with a variety of infections, including treating children with congenital cytomegalovirus. […] We treat babies born with congenital CMV with a course of intravenous antiviral medication over a period of several weeks. […] The most commonly used treatments for congenital CMV are called ganciclovir and valganciclovir. […] If your child is treated early, there should be no serious consequences of CMV. However, if treatment is delayed, your child may suffer some serious health problems as a result of the infection.

• #25 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  We treat babies with congenital cytomegalovirus with a course of intravenous antiviral medication over a period of several weeks. The most commonly used treatments for congenital cytomegalovirus are called ganciclovir and valganciclovir. […] Our physicians are expert, compassionate, and committed to focusing on the whole child, not just his condition — that’s one reason we’re frequently ranked as a top pediatric hospital in the United States.

• #26 Cytomegalovirus | Idaho Department of Health and Welfare

  https://healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/health-wellness/diseases-conditions/cytomegalovirus

  Generally, pregnant women with CMV infection are treated only for their symptoms (e.g., acetaminophen for fever) and not for the virus itself. […] Babies with suspected congenital CMV infections should be evaluated by physicians who specialize in these infections to discuss the care and additional services the child may need. […] Babies with congenital CMV infection, with or without signs at birth, should have regular hearing checks and should be watched closely for normal growth and development. […] If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, the best way to protect your baby from congenital CMV is to protect yourself.

• #26 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/cmv.html

  You can pass CMV to your baby. […] If you are pregnant and have CMV, the virus in your blood can cross through your placenta and infect your developing baby. […] You may be able to lessen your risk of getting CMV by reducing contact with saliva and urine from babies and young children. […] Some babies may have signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth may have long-term health problems, such as hearing loss, vision loss, intellectual disability, small head size, lack of coordination, weakness or problems using muscles, and seizures. […] Congenital CMV infection can be diagnosed by testing a newborn babys saliva, urine, or blood. […] Medicines, called antivirals, may decrease the risk of health problems and hearing loss in some infected babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. […] Babies with congenital CMV infection, with or without signs at birth, should have regular hearing checks. […] Regularly follow-up with your babys doctor to discuss the care and additional services your child may need.

• #27 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Nursing Care Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cytomegalovirus/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. […] The nursing management of a patient with cytomegalovirus include the following: […] Assessment of the patient with Cytomegalovirus may include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for patient with Cytomegalovirus are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for a patient with Cytomegalovirus are: […] The nursing interventions for a patient with Cytomegalovirus include the following: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a patient with Cytomegalovirus include:

• #28 Nursing Interventions for Cytomegalovirus InfectionNursing File | Nursing File

  https://nursingfile.com/nursing-care-plan/nursing-interventions/nursing-interventions-for-cytomegalovirus-infection.html

  Nursing Interventions: Cytomegalovirus Infection […] Institute and maintain standard precautions before coming into contact with the patients blood or other body fluids. […] Administer medication to treat symptoms as needed. […] Offer nutritionally adequate meals. […] Provide emotional support and counseling to the parents of a child with CMV infection. […] Monitor the patients vital signs, especially his temperature and intake and output. […] Monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections. […] If the patient has respiratory involvement, monitor respiratory status closely. […] For the patient with impaired vision, provide a safe environment and encourage optimal independence. […] For the patient with respiratory involvement, administer oxygen and assist with ventilations as needed.

• #29 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html

  There’s no specific treatment recommended for otherwise healthy kids with CMV infection. […] But an infection can be serious and even life-threatening for newborns infected before birth, organ-transplant patients, those being treated for cancer, and kids with severe immune disorders such as AIDS. […] These people may be treated with intravenous (IV) antiviral medicine, usually in a hospital. Oral antiviral medicine also might be used at home after the infection is under control. […] Currently, there’s no vaccine to prevent cytomegalovirus infection. Washing hands well and often can help reduce the risk of infection. This is especially important for pregnant women and those who might become pregnant, childcare workers, and anyone who has close contact with children. […] A mom who has a CMV infection shouldn’t stop breastfeeding her baby. The benefits of breastfeeding are believed to outweigh the risks of passing CMV to the baby, who is unlikely to develop any symptoms if infected.

• #30 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.westalabamapeds.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Because this virus is so common in child care settings, exclusion of a CMV-infected child to reduce disease transmission has no benefit. […] Cytomegalovirus exposure risk during pregnancy: Although most adults have their first CMV infection during childhood and are immune to the strains of CMV that have infected them, a pregnant woman who works with infants and toddlers or who is a mother with a child in child care is at increased risk of having a CMV infection during her pregnancy and infecting her fetus. […] Conscientious handwashing after any contact with saliva, urine, or blood. […] A serologic test for CMV informs about risk but does not completely guarantee immunity from exposure to novel strains.

• #31 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cptriad.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of a pregnant mother’s fetus can be very harmful. […] Attention to proper hand-hygiene technique at all the times listed in Chapter 2. This is especially important for women of childbearing age who work with young children or whose young children are enrolled in child care. Avoid exchange of saliva directly or via objects (eg, moistening a pacifier with the mouth), and wash hands and objects carefully after contact with urine. […] Women of childbearing age who have any contact with groups of children or have their own children younger than 3 years who participate in group care settings should discuss their risk of CMV exposure with their health professionals. […] The risk of CMV exposure is greatest in settings that care for children who are younger than 3 years.

• #32 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Practicing healthy habits can reduce the risk CMV infections since people can be contagious for a short time or for weeks. There are no vaccines for CMV. […] Follow standard precautions for child care settings to avoid CMV exposure, including the following: Practice good handwashing, Wash hands after contact with a child’s pacifier and do not place a child’s pacifier in your own mouth, Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes and contact with body fluids, Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people, Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and wash your hands, Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or mouthed toys, Do not allow children to place their hands, fingers, or objects contaminated with saliva (toys, pacifiers) in anyone else’s mouth, Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #33 Navigating Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Latest Trends in Prevention and Care | Meridian Bioscience

  https://www.meridianbioscience.com/diagnostics-blog/navigating-congenital-cytomegalovirus-latest-trends-in-prevention-and-care/

  Simple hygiene practices, such as hand washing, avoiding sharing food and utensils with young children, and refraining from kissing children on the lips, can significantly reduce the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. […] For infants born with congenital CMV, early intervention is key to managing potential health complications. […] Antiviral medications, such as valganciclovir, have been used to treat symptomatic congenital CMV, showing improvements in hearing and developmental outcomes in some cases. […] Supporting families affected by congenital CMV is an essential aspect of care. […] Parental education on the implications of CMV and the importance of early intervention can empower families to seek the necessary support and resources. […] The latest trends in CMV testing and management offer new pathways for reducing the impact of this infection on the most vulnerable.

• #34 Cytomegalovirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/cytomegalovirus/control-prevention

  To minimize infection risk, childcare workers should treat all body fluids as if they are infectious, and avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children. […] Childcare workers concerned about CMV exposure should talk to their healthcare provider about the virus, their infection risk, and ways to keep themselves healthy. […] Healthcare workers who are pregnant or may become pregnant, or those whose sexual partner(s) is or is planning to become pregnant, should speak with their healthcare provider about their risks of contracting CMV in the healthcare environment and how they can protect themselves. […] Workers who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid potential CMV infection sources to prevent possibly passing the infection to their fetus. […] These workers should contact their healthcare provider to learn about the virus, their infection risk, and ways to keep themselves and a developing fetus healthy.

• #35 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cptriad.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Because this virus is so common in child care settings, exclusion of a CMV-infected child to reduce disease transmission has no benefit. […] Cytomegalovirus exposure risk during pregnancy: Although most adults have their first CMV infection during childhood and are immune to the strains of CMV that have infected them, a pregnant woman who works with infants and toddlers or who is a mother with a child in child care is at increased risk of having a CMV infection during her pregnancy and infecting her fetus. […] Health professionals are not necessarily aware of the increased exposure to these viruses for women who work with young children in child care settings.

• #36 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  If you’re pregnant, you can pass CMV to the fetus, which can cause congenital CMV. Congenital CMV is a condition that’s present at birth and can lead to hearing loss or developmental issues. […] If you get cytomegalovirus during pregnancy or shortly before getting pregnant, you can pass the virus through the placenta to the fetus. This increases the risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and your child being born with health issues. Complications of being born with CMV include vision or hearing loss and developmental delays. […] If your child was diagnosed with CMV at birth, work closely with their pediatrician and other providers to make sure they get appropriate treatment. Starting speech and occupational therapy as soon as possible can minimize the impact of future hearing loss or developmental delays.

• #37 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The involvement of an interprofessional team can improve outcomes. Primary care providers, infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, transplant nurses, and pharmacists can all be involved. Diagnosis and treatment are done by physicians and nurse practitioners. Pharmacists evaluate prescribed medications and check for interactions. Nurses monitor patients, educate them and their families, and update the team on changes in status.

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