Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) […] The Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which some of the body’s blood vessels (most commonly those in the fingers and toes) constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold or emotional stress. […] There are several simple measures that can reduce the frequency of Raynaud attacks. Medicine might also be used to help control the symptoms. […] Avoid sudden cold exposure – Use strategies to keep the whole body warm and avoid rapidly shifting temperature, cold breezes, and damp cold conditions. These include dressing warmly, wearing layer clothing such as thermal underwear, donning a hat, and using mittens or gloves. […] Help end an attack – Methods include placing the hands under warm water or in a warm place (such as in the armpits) or rotating the arms in a whirling windmill pattern.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] In Raynaud’s, the small vessels that bring blood to the skin either become narrow, or constrict for a short period of time. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. […] If another condition causes your Raynaud’s, make sure to follow your treatment for that condition. […] Wear mittens or gloves when it is cold outside.

• #3 Raynaud’s Disease Petoskey Family Foot Care

  https://www.petoskeyfoot.com/document_disorders.cfm?id=175

  Raynaud’s Disease is a vasospastic disorder most commonly affecting the hands and feet. A vasospasm occurs when the smooth muscles controlling the small arteries supplying circulation into the hands and feet contract. This smooth muscle contraction, or spasm, makes the arteries so small that blood has difficulty passing through. The most common event causing the vasospasm is exposure to cold temperature. Raynaud’s disease must be differentiated from Raynaud’s phenomenon. Raynaud’s disease is a disease that is not associated with any other specific disease entity. Raynaud’s phenomenon has the same findings, as Raynaud’s disease except there is an underlying disease associated with the vasospasm. Raynaud’s phenomenon may be seen with rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus, and other diseases. The condition is aggravated by smoking. A single cigarette may decrease the circulation by one half for more than an hour. Raynaud’s disease is most common in young women, and has no known cause. It typically is found in both feet and both hands. It appears that the threshold for vasospasm is lowered in these individuals, and may occur following exposure to cold, or during times of stress.

• #4 Raynaud’s Disease Petoskey Family Foot Care

  https://www.petoskeyfoot.com/document_disorders.cfm?id=175

  The diagnosis of Raynaud’s disease is a clinical diagnosis based upon the patients’ symptoms and the findings on examination. Patients with Raynaud’s disease will often hear the expression, „Cold hands, warm heart” when shaking hands with others. This is because the arterial vasospasm decreases blood flow into the hands and feet. In addition to the cold skin temperature, there is a pattern of color changes seen in the fingers and toes. Initially after exposure to cold, the toes and fingers will turn white, then as the oxygen is depleted they become cyanotic which is a blue color, finally the spasm relaxes and there is an excess of blood flow which turns the toes red and warm (reactive hyperemia). This pattern of triphasic color change, white to blue to red, is a hallmark of Raynaud’s disease. However, not all individuals will have the triphasic (three-color) change. Some will have a biphasic (two color) change going directly from white to red.

• #5 Raynaud’s Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/raynaud-s-disease/

  Raynaud’s disease is a condition where blood flow to your fingers, toes, ears, or nose is restricted or interrupted. This occurs when the blood vessels in your hands or feet constrict. The constriction is due to extremely cold temperatures or stress. There are two main types of Raynauds disease. Primary Raynauds cause is not known. This type is more common and tends to be less severe than secondary Raynaud’s. Secondary Raynauds is caused by an underlying disease, condition, or other factor. […] Those individuals diagnosed with Raynauds disease (regardless of type) will typically go through „Raynaud’s attacks.” During an attack, little or no blood flows to certain body parts. As a result, the skin may turn white and then blue for a short time. Raynaud’s attacks can last less than a minute or several hours, and can occur daily or weekly.

• #6 Nursing Interventions and Patient Support – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-and-patient-support-1695218731

  – The nursing interventions and patient support for people with Raynaud’s Disease include: […] – Educating the patient and family about the condition, its causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention […] – Assessing the patient’s risk factors, medical history, current medications, and underlying conditions […] – Monitoring the patient’s vital signs, blood flow, skin color, temperature, sensation, and pain level […] – Administering medications as prescribed and monitoring their effectiveness and side effects […] – Providing warmth and comfort to the patient during an attack and assisting with warming measures […] – Encouraging the patient to follow the lifestyle modifications and self-care strategies as mentioned above […] – Referring the patient to other health care professionals or support groups as needed

• #7 Raynaud Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499833/

  Raynaud phenomenon is best managed with an interprofessional team of healthcare professionals. The key to improving the morbidity is education. Besides the physician, the nurse and the pharmacist are in a prime position to educate the patient about the hazards of smoking. In addition, patients have to be told to insulate their hands and fingers from the cold. The pharmacists must make sure that the patient is on no medication that can cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. When ulcers develop the patient should be told to seek medical help as soon as possible to avert gangrene. A wound care nurse should be consulted on educating the patient on the care of the wounds and the type of dressings to use. A dietary consult is recommended as there is some evidence that a diet rich in omega 3-fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #8 Nursing Interventions and Patient Support – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-and-patient-support-1695218731

  – The nursing interventions and patient support for people with Raynaud’s Disease include: […] – Educating the patient and family about the condition, its causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention […] – Assessing the patient’s risk factors, medical history, current medications, and underlying conditions […] – Monitoring the patient’s vital signs, blood flow, skin color, temperature, sensation, and pain level […] – Administering medications as prescribed and monitoring their effectiveness and side effects […] – Providing warmth and comfort to the patient during an attack and assisting with warming measures […] – Encouraging the patient to follow the lifestyle modifications and self-care strategies as mentioned above […] – Referring the patient to other health care professionals or support groups as needed

• #9 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #10 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #11 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #12 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #13 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #14 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease aneurySm DEFINITION An aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, commonly at a site of weakness or tear in the vessel wall it commonly affect the aorta and peripheral arteries , because of high pressure in these vessels .it is more common in man of age,50 Years OR An aneurysm refers to a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention, of the artery. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing diagnosisI : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation. Goal : Increased arterial blood supply to extremities. Intervention : Lower the extremities below the level of the heart (if condition is arterial in nature). Encourage moderate amount of walking or graded extremity exercises if no contraindications exist. Goal : Decrease in venous congestion. Intervention : Elevate extremities above heart level (if condition is venous in nature) Discourage standing still or sitting for prolonged periods Encourage walking Goal : Promotion of vasodilatation prevention of vascular compression. Intervention : Maintain warm temperature avoid chilling. Discourage use of tobacco products. Counsel in ways to avoid emotional upsets, Stress management. Encourage avoidance of constrictive clothing accessories. Encourage avoidance of crossing the legs. Administer vasodilator medications adrenergic blocking agents as prescribed, with appropriate nursing consideration.

• #15 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  NursingDiagnosisII : Chronic pain related to impaired ability of peripheral vessels to supply tissues with oxygen. Goal : Relief of pain. Interventions : Promote Increased circulation through exercise (example : walking program, upper extremity exercises, water aerobics, using stationary bicycle) Administer analgesic agents as prescribed, with appropriate Nursing NursingDiagnosisIII: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to compromised circulation. Goal : Attainment/ maintenance of tissue integrity. Interventions : Instruct in ways to avoid trauma to extremities. Encourage wearing protective shoes padding for pressure areas; wear new for short period of time then inspect feet for signs of injury. Encourage meticulous hygiene, bathing with neutral soaps, applying lotions carefully trimming nails. Caution to avoid scratching or vigorous rubbing. Promote good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins A C, protein Zinc control of obesity.

• #16 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #17 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #18 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #19 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #20 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #21 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease aneurySm DEFINITION An aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, commonly at a site of weakness or tear in the vessel wall it commonly affect the aorta and peripheral arteries , because of high pressure in these vessels .it is more common in man of age,50 Years OR An aneurysm refers to a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention, of the artery. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing diagnosisI : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation. Goal : Increased arterial blood supply to extremities. Intervention : Lower the extremities below the level of the heart (if condition is arterial in nature). Encourage moderate amount of walking or graded extremity exercises if no contraindications exist. Goal : Decrease in venous congestion. Intervention : Elevate extremities above heart level (if condition is venous in nature) Discourage standing still or sitting for prolonged periods Encourage walking Goal : Promotion of vasodilatation prevention of vascular compression. Intervention : Maintain warm temperature avoid chilling. Discourage use of tobacco products. Counsel in ways to avoid emotional upsets, Stress management. Encourage avoidance of constrictive clothing accessories. Encourage avoidance of crossing the legs. Administer vasodilator medications adrenergic blocking agents as prescribed, with appropriate nursing consideration.

• #22 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease aneurySm DEFINITION An aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, commonly at a site of weakness or tear in the vessel wall it commonly affect the aorta and peripheral arteries , because of high pressure in these vessels .it is more common in man of age,50 Years OR An aneurysm refers to a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention, of the artery. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease Nursing diagnosisI : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation. Goal : Increased arterial blood supply to extremities. Intervention : Lower the extremities below the level of the heart (if condition is arterial in nature). Encourage moderate amount of walking or graded extremity exercises if no contraindications exist. Goal : Decrease in venous congestion. Intervention : Elevate extremities above heart level (if condition is venous in nature) Discourage standing still or sitting for prolonged periods Encourage walking Goal : Promotion of vasodilatation prevention of vascular compression. Intervention : Maintain warm temperature avoid chilling. Discourage use of tobacco products. Counsel in ways to avoid emotional upsets, Stress management. Encourage avoidance of constrictive clothing accessories. Encourage avoidance of crossing the legs. Administer vasodilator medications adrenergic blocking agents as prescribed, with appropriate nursing consideration.

• #23 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #24 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #25 Raynaud’s syndrome | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/raynauds-syndrome-22-07-2003/

  – Help patients to avoid stimuli that cause vasoconstriction, such as exposure to cold, smoking and stress. […] – Pain can be managed by careful warming of the area when vasoconstriction occurs. Hot water must not be used – this can result in burns because of a lack of sensation during vasoconstriction.

• #26 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #27 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #28 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #29 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #30 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #31 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #32 Nursing Interventions and Patient Support – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-and-patient-support-1695218731

  – Providing emotional support and counseling to the patient and family […] […] […] – A nurse is providing education to a client with Raynaud’s disease. Which of the following statements accurately represents a trigger for Raynaud’s disease? […] – A client with Raynaud’s disease is prescribed calcium channel blockers to manage vasospastic attacks. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the medication? […] – A nurse is assessing a client with Raynaud’s disease. Which characteristic symptom should the nurse expect to find during a vasospastic attack? […] – A nurse is providing education to a client about Raynaud’s disease. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to help improve blood flow and manage symptoms? […] – A nurse is teaching a client with Raynaud’s disease about self-care measures to prevent episodes. Which of the following self-care measures should the nurse recommend?

• #33 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  NursingDiagnosisII : Chronic pain related to impaired ability of peripheral vessels to supply tissues with oxygen. Goal : Relief of pain. Interventions : Promote Increased circulation through exercise (example : walking program, upper extremity exercises, water aerobics, using stationary bicycle) Administer analgesic agents as prescribed, with appropriate Nursing NursingDiagnosisIII: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to compromised circulation. Goal : Attainment/ maintenance of tissue integrity. Interventions : Instruct in ways to avoid trauma to extremities. Encourage wearing protective shoes padding for pressure areas; wear new for short period of time then inspect feet for signs of injury. Encourage meticulous hygiene, bathing with neutral soaps, applying lotions carefully trimming nails. Caution to avoid scratching or vigorous rubbing. Promote good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins A C, protein Zinc control of obesity.

• #34 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  NursingDiagnosisII : Chronic pain related to impaired ability of peripheral vessels to supply tissues with oxygen. Goal : Relief of pain. Interventions : Promote Increased circulation through exercise (example : walking program, upper extremity exercises, water aerobics, using stationary bicycle) Administer analgesic agents as prescribed, with appropriate Nursing NursingDiagnosisIII: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to compromised circulation. Goal : Attainment/ maintenance of tissue integrity. Interventions : Instruct in ways to avoid trauma to extremities. Encourage wearing protective shoes padding for pressure areas; wear new for short period of time then inspect feet for signs of injury. Encourage meticulous hygiene, bathing with neutral soaps, applying lotions carefully trimming nails. Caution to avoid scratching or vigorous rubbing. Promote good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins A C, protein Zinc control of obesity.

• #35 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  NursingDiagnosisII : Chronic pain related to impaired ability of peripheral vessels to supply tissues with oxygen. Goal : Relief of pain. Interventions : Promote Increased circulation through exercise (example : walking program, upper extremity exercises, water aerobics, using stationary bicycle) Administer analgesic agents as prescribed, with appropriate Nursing NursingDiagnosisIII: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to compromised circulation. Goal : Attainment/ maintenance of tissue integrity. Interventions : Instruct in ways to avoid trauma to extremities. Encourage wearing protective shoes padding for pressure areas; wear new for short period of time then inspect feet for signs of injury. Encourage meticulous hygiene, bathing with neutral soaps, applying lotions carefully trimming nails. Caution to avoid scratching or vigorous rubbing. Promote good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins A C, protein Zinc control of obesity.

• #36 Pediatric Raynaud Phenomenon Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1355650-treatment

  Patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP) should avoid situations and stressors that aggravate the disease (eg, vibration, cold exposure, digital trauma). […] Patients need to adequately cover themselves in cold weather by covering core areas (head, trunk) and extremities using hats, layers, mittens, thick socks, and boots. Patients should come in from the cold when they feel a change in digit sensation or when prolonged pallor or cyanosis of the extremities occurs. […] Digital wounds should be carefully treated and monitored. Clean wounds twice daily with soap and water, cover with a topical antibiotic ointment (eg, bacitracin, mupirocin [Bactroban]) and then with a light bandage. […] Systemic antibiotics may be required if the infection worsens. Digital ulceration should be treated in a similar fashion.

• #37 Pediatric Raynaud Phenomenon Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1355650-treatment

  Patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP) should avoid situations and stressors that aggravate the disease (eg, vibration, cold exposure, digital trauma). […] Patients need to adequately cover themselves in cold weather by covering core areas (head, trunk) and extremities using hats, layers, mittens, thick socks, and boots. Patients should come in from the cold when they feel a change in digit sensation or when prolonged pallor or cyanosis of the extremities occurs. […] Digital wounds should be carefully treated and monitored. Clean wounds twice daily with soap and water, cover with a topical antibiotic ointment (eg, bacitracin, mupirocin [Bactroban]) and then with a light bandage. […] Systemic antibiotics may be required if the infection worsens. Digital ulceration should be treated in a similar fashion.

• #38 Nursing Interventions and Patient Support – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-and-patient-support-1695218731

  – The nursing interventions and patient support for people with Raynaud’s Disease include: […] – Educating the patient and family about the condition, its causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention […] – Assessing the patient’s risk factors, medical history, current medications, and underlying conditions […] – Monitoring the patient’s vital signs, blood flow, skin color, temperature, sensation, and pain level […] – Administering medications as prescribed and monitoring their effectiveness and side effects […] – Providing warmth and comfort to the patient during an attack and assisting with warming measures […] – Encouraging the patient to follow the lifestyle modifications and self-care strategies as mentioned above […] – Referring the patient to other health care professionals or support groups as needed

• #39 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #40 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Health education Stop smoking. Exercise. Eat a healthy diet. Careful foot care Wash your feet daily, dry them thoroughly and moisturize often to prevent cracks that can lead to infection. Don’t moisturize between the toes, however, as this can encourage fungal growth. Wear well-fitting shoes and thick, dry socks. Promptly treat any fungal infections of the feet, such as athlete’s Take care when trimming your nails. Inspect your feet daily for injuries. Have a foot doctor (podiatrist) treat bunions, corns or calluses. See your doctor at the first sign of a sore or injury to your skin.

• #41 Raynauds disease and its management | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/raynauds-disease-and-its-management/232939793

  Raynaud’s disease is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the extremities, such as the fingers and toes, causing discoloration, pain, and numbness when exposed to cold or stress. […] Nurses play an important role in educating patients, preventing complications, and supporting patients psychologically. […] The primary focus of Raynaud’s phenomenon is patient teaching. Focus instructions on preventing recurrent episodes. Tell patients to wear loose, warm clothing as protection from the cold, including gloves when handling cold objects and turtleneck sweater. […] Advise turning up the thermostat at home if necessary and staying out of drafts. […] Provide patients with stress management strategies as stress can also trigger vasospasm. […] Nursing care involves assessing circulation, providing warm compresses, administering medications, educating on self-care activities, and reducing anxiety. […] Nurses can do assessment of patients with Raynaud’s disease, observe the sign and symptoms, provide the necessary nursing care, prevent complications and support the patient psychologically.

• #42 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) […] The Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which some of the body’s blood vessels (most commonly those in the fingers and toes) constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold or emotional stress. […] There are several simple measures that can reduce the frequency of Raynaud attacks. Medicine might also be used to help control the symptoms. […] Avoid sudden cold exposure – Use strategies to keep the whole body warm and avoid rapidly shifting temperature, cold breezes, and damp cold conditions. These include dressing warmly, wearing layer clothing such as thermal underwear, donning a hat, and using mittens or gloves. […] Help end an attack – Methods include placing the hands under warm water or in a warm place (such as in the armpits) or rotating the arms in a whirling windmill pattern.

• #43 Raynauds disease and its management | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/raynauds-disease-and-its-management/232939793

  Raynaud’s disease is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the extremities, such as the fingers and toes, causing discoloration, pain, and numbness when exposed to cold or stress. […] Nurses play an important role in educating patients, preventing complications, and supporting patients psychologically. […] The primary focus of Raynaud’s phenomenon is patient teaching. Focus instructions on preventing recurrent episodes. Tell patients to wear loose, warm clothing as protection from the cold, including gloves when handling cold objects and turtleneck sweater. […] Advise turning up the thermostat at home if necessary and staying out of drafts. […] Provide patients with stress management strategies as stress can also trigger vasospasm. […] Nursing care involves assessing circulation, providing warm compresses, administering medications, educating on self-care activities, and reducing anxiety. […] Nurses can do assessment of patients with Raynaud’s disease, observe the sign and symptoms, provide the necessary nursing care, prevent complications and support the patient psychologically.

• #44 Raynaud Disease | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/raynaud-disease

  Your healthcare provider has told you that you have Raynaud disease. It’s also called Raynaud phenomenon (RP) or Raynaud syndrome. There’s no cure for Raynaud disease. But you can manage it to help prevent attacks. […] For most people, staying away from triggers may be enough to limit attacks. Your healthcare provider may advise you to: […] Take safety steps to help prevent your hands and feet from losing circulation. This includes: […] Dressing warmly in cold weather. […] Wearing gloves or mittens when your hands may become cold, such as when you use the refrigerator or freezer. […] Not keeping the air conditioning at a low temperature in summer. […] Staying away from stress and caffeine. […] Exercising regularly. This may reduce the number and severity of attacks. […] Quitting smoking, if you smoke. Quitting may improve the condition. This is because smoking causes your blood vessels to narrow and reduces blood flow.

• #45 Raynaud’s phenomenon | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/raynauds-phenomenon

  There is no cure for Raynauds phenomenon. Managing the condition requires avoiding known triggers, particularly exposure to cold temperatures and stressful situations. […] Things you can do to prevent an attack include: Avoid prolonged exposure to cold weather or sudden temperature changes, such as leaving a warm house on a cold day or air-conditioned rooms in hot weather. […] Talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program. […] In most cases, Raynauds phenomenon is harmless and has no lasting effects. However, in severe cases loss of blood flow can permanently damage the tissue. […] Talk with your doctor if you notice any of these problems or if you notice other changes to your symptoms.

• #46 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Avoid smoking – Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes cause the blood vessels to constrict and can aggravate Raynaud phenomenon (RP). […] Avoid medications that cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) – Such medications include decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, amphetamines, diet pills, some migraine remedies containing ergotamine, herbs containing ephedra, and medications used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and atomoxetine. […] Reduce stress – While studies are lacking to prove benefit, reducing stress and reducing anxiety makes sense. […] If the measures above are not sufficient, medication might be recommended. The medications used to treat RP work by opening (vasodilating) the involved digital circulation and thermoregulatory vessels. Medicines called calcium channel blockers are the most commonly used. They are taken daily and can reduce both the frequency and the severity of Raynaud attacks.

• #47 Living with Raynaud’s? 6 tips for managing pain and flare-ups | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/living-with-raynauds-6-tips-managing-pain-and-flare-ups

  Quitting smoking improves circulation and lays the foundation for healthier blood vessels. […] Like nicotine, caffeine can cause blood vessels to narrow and trigger a Raynauds flare-up. […] Only 10% of people with Raynauds seek treatment. But working with your PCP can be essential to controlling flare-ups. Your physician can identify secondary Raynauds and treat the underlying condition.

• #48 Living with Raynaud’s? 6 tips for managing pain and flare-ups | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/living-with-raynauds-6-tips-managing-pain-and-flare-ups

  Most people dont like feeling cold. But when you have Raynauds disease, cold is about more than discomfort it can be downright painful. The condition (also called Raynauds syndrome or Raynauds phenomenon) impacts blood circulation, and chilly temperatures arent the only trigger. […] There is no cure for Raynauds disease. But taking specific steps and following your physicians guidance can reduce the episodes you experience. […] If you are living with Raynauds syndrome, you should: […] Exposure to cold is a surefire way to ignite an episode of Raynauds. But its not just about keeping your fingers and toes warm Raynauds attacks occur when your bodys core is cold, too. […] Learning how to manage your stress and anxiety can help limit episodes. […] Exercise offers a double benefit for people living with Raynauds. It improves blood flow and circulation.

• #49 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Avoid smoking – Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes cause the blood vessels to constrict and can aggravate Raynaud phenomenon (RP). […] Avoid medications that cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) – Such medications include decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, amphetamines, diet pills, some migraine remedies containing ergotamine, herbs containing ephedra, and medications used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and atomoxetine. […] Reduce stress – While studies are lacking to prove benefit, reducing stress and reducing anxiety makes sense. […] If the measures above are not sufficient, medication might be recommended. The medications used to treat RP work by opening (vasodilating) the involved digital circulation and thermoregulatory vessels. Medicines called calcium channel blockers are the most commonly used. They are taken daily and can reduce both the frequency and the severity of Raynaud attacks.

• #50 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #51 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #52 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) […] The Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which some of the body’s blood vessels (most commonly those in the fingers and toes) constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold or emotional stress. […] There are several simple measures that can reduce the frequency of Raynaud attacks. Medicine might also be used to help control the symptoms. […] Avoid sudden cold exposure – Use strategies to keep the whole body warm and avoid rapidly shifting temperature, cold breezes, and damp cold conditions. These include dressing warmly, wearing layer clothing such as thermal underwear, donning a hat, and using mittens or gloves. […] Help end an attack – Methods include placing the hands under warm water or in a warm place (such as in the armpits) or rotating the arms in a whirling windmill pattern.

• #53 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) […] The Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a condition in which some of the body’s blood vessels (most commonly those in the fingers and toes) constrict in an exaggerated way in response to cold or emotional stress. […] There are several simple measures that can reduce the frequency of Raynaud attacks. Medicine might also be used to help control the symptoms. […] Avoid sudden cold exposure – Use strategies to keep the whole body warm and avoid rapidly shifting temperature, cold breezes, and damp cold conditions. These include dressing warmly, wearing layer clothing such as thermal underwear, donning a hat, and using mittens or gloves. […] Help end an attack – Methods include placing the hands under warm water or in a warm place (such as in the armpits) or rotating the arms in a whirling windmill pattern.

• #54 Raynaud’s syndrome | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/raynauds-syndrome-22-07-2003/

  – Help patients to avoid stimuli that cause vasoconstriction, such as exposure to cold, smoking and stress. […] – Pain can be managed by careful warming of the area when vasoconstriction occurs. Hot water must not be used – this can result in burns because of a lack of sensation during vasoconstriction.

• #55 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #56 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Health education Stop smoking. Exercise. Eat a healthy diet. Careful foot care Wash your feet daily, dry them thoroughly and moisturize often to prevent cracks that can lead to infection. Don’t moisturize between the toes, however, as this can encourage fungal growth. Wear well-fitting shoes and thick, dry socks. Promptly treat any fungal infections of the feet, such as athlete’s Take care when trimming your nails. Inspect your feet daily for injuries. Have a foot doctor (podiatrist) treat bunions, corns or calluses. See your doctor at the first sign of a sore or injury to your skin.

• #57 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Health education Stop smoking. Exercise. Eat a healthy diet. Careful foot care Wash your feet daily, dry them thoroughly and moisturize often to prevent cracks that can lead to infection. Don’t moisturize between the toes, however, as this can encourage fungal growth. Wear well-fitting shoes and thick, dry socks. Promptly treat any fungal infections of the feet, such as athlete’s Take care when trimming your nails. Inspect your feet daily for injuries. Have a foot doctor (podiatrist) treat bunions, corns or calluses. See your doctor at the first sign of a sore or injury to your skin.

• #58 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Health education Stop smoking. Exercise. Eat a healthy diet. Careful foot care Wash your feet daily, dry them thoroughly and moisturize often to prevent cracks that can lead to infection. Don’t moisturize between the toes, however, as this can encourage fungal growth. Wear well-fitting shoes and thick, dry socks. Promptly treat any fungal infections of the feet, such as athlete’s Take care when trimming your nails. Inspect your feet daily for injuries. Have a foot doctor (podiatrist) treat bunions, corns or calluses. See your doctor at the first sign of a sore or injury to your skin.

• #59 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #60 Advice to Nurses on Treating Raynaud’s – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/2015/06/07/advice-to-nurses-on-treating-raynauds/

  Nursing in Practice LogoWe were happy to see an article in a UK nursing magazine, Nursing in Practice, with advice on diagnosing and treating Raynauds phenomenon. More knowledgeable medical professionals will result in better treatment for Frosties across the globe. […] The article contains a good overview of the condition, including: […] Treatment and management of Raynauds. […] Its important for medical professionals to understand the challenges facing Raynauds patients that non-sufferers take for granted. […] Self-management suggestions include: […] For medications, they suggest the use of calcium channel blockers, which are the most commonly prescribed drugs for Raynauds patients. […] In severe cases where a patient may be in danger of gangrene or losing a digit, iloprost is suggested a very potent vasodilator requiring hospital in-patient care as its distributed through IV treatments.

• #61 Nursing Interventions and Patient Support – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-and-patient-support-1695218731

  – The nursing interventions and patient support for people with Raynaud’s Disease include: […] – Educating the patient and family about the condition, its causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention […] – Assessing the patient’s risk factors, medical history, current medications, and underlying conditions […] – Monitoring the patient’s vital signs, blood flow, skin color, temperature, sensation, and pain level […] – Administering medications as prescribed and monitoring their effectiveness and side effects […] – Providing warmth and comfort to the patient during an attack and assisting with warming measures […] – Encouraging the patient to follow the lifestyle modifications and self-care strategies as mentioned above […] – Referring the patient to other health care professionals or support groups as needed

• #62 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #63 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #64 Patient education: Raynaud phenomenon (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/raynaud-phenomenon-beyond-the-basics

  Avoid smoking – Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes cause the blood vessels to constrict and can aggravate Raynaud phenomenon (RP). […] Avoid medications that cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) – Such medications include decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, amphetamines, diet pills, some migraine remedies containing ergotamine, herbs containing ephedra, and medications used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and atomoxetine. […] Reduce stress – While studies are lacking to prove benefit, reducing stress and reducing anxiety makes sense. […] If the measures above are not sufficient, medication might be recommended. The medications used to treat RP work by opening (vasodilating) the involved digital circulation and thermoregulatory vessels. Medicines called calcium channel blockers are the most commonly used. They are taken daily and can reduce both the frequency and the severity of Raynaud attacks.

• #65 Advice to Nurses on Treating Raynaud’s – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/2015/06/07/advice-to-nurses-on-treating-raynauds/

  Nursing in Practice LogoWe were happy to see an article in a UK nursing magazine, Nursing in Practice, with advice on diagnosing and treating Raynauds phenomenon. More knowledgeable medical professionals will result in better treatment for Frosties across the globe. […] The article contains a good overview of the condition, including: […] Treatment and management of Raynauds. […] Its important for medical professionals to understand the challenges facing Raynauds patients that non-sufferers take for granted. […] Self-management suggestions include: […] For medications, they suggest the use of calcium channel blockers, which are the most commonly prescribed drugs for Raynauds patients. […] In severe cases where a patient may be in danger of gangrene or losing a digit, iloprost is suggested a very potent vasodilator requiring hospital in-patient care as its distributed through IV treatments.

• #66 Raynaud’s disease | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/raynauds-disease

  Treatment of Raynaud’s disease depends on how bad it is and whether you have other health conditions. For most people, Raynaud’s disease isn’t disabling, but it can affect your quality of life. […] Dressing for the cold in layers and wearing gloves or heavy socks usually can help mild symptoms of Raynaud’s. Medicines can treat more-serious symptoms. The goals of Raynaud’s treatment are to: […] Reduce the number of attacks and how bad they are. […] Keep tissue damage from happening. […] Treat the underlying disease or condition. […] Depending on the cause of symptoms, medicines might help. Medicines used to treat people with Raynaud’s disease may include: […] Calcium channel blockers. These medicines relax and open small blood vessels in the hands and feet. These drugs also can help heal sores on fingers or toes.

• #67 Advice to Nurses on Treating Raynaud’s – Raynaud’s Association

  https://www.raynauds.org/2015/06/07/advice-to-nurses-on-treating-raynauds/

  Nursing in Practice LogoWe were happy to see an article in a UK nursing magazine, Nursing in Practice, with advice on diagnosing and treating Raynauds phenomenon. More knowledgeable medical professionals will result in better treatment for Frosties across the globe. […] The article contains a good overview of the condition, including: […] Treatment and management of Raynauds. […] Its important for medical professionals to understand the challenges facing Raynauds patients that non-sufferers take for granted. […] Self-management suggestions include: […] For medications, they suggest the use of calcium channel blockers, which are the most commonly prescribed drugs for Raynauds patients. […] In severe cases where a patient may be in danger of gangrene or losing a digit, iloprost is suggested a very potent vasodilator requiring hospital in-patient care as its distributed through IV treatments.

• #68 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  In serious cases, repeated attacks can lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). If this happens, the person may need to be admitted to the hospital for a few days for imaging studies and intravenous medications to rapidly improve blood flow and to treat infection. […] Raynauds phenomenon is primarily treated by rheumatologists, doctors who treat diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. […] In most people, Raynauds phenomenon can be controlled by making lifestyle changes. […] Keeping your hands and feet, as well as your entire body, warm is important. […] If you smoke, talk to your doctor about making a plan to quit. […] Some medications can bring on attacks, so talk to your doctor about those you take and before starting any new ones. […] If an attack occurs, place your hands or feet in a warm place, such as under warm (not hot) water or under a heating pad. […] Because stress can bring on an attack, learning how to manage it is important. […] Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help you deal with stress and improve blood flow. […] Remember to visit your health care providers regularly and to follow their recommendations.

• #69 Raynaud’s Disease & Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/raynauds-phenomenon

  These steps can also help you control your condition: Avoid smoke. Don’t smoke, and stay away from secondhand smoke, too. It can make your blood vessels close up, which lowers your skin temperature. […] Specialty gloves can help keep your hands warm to prevent or relieve a Raynaud’s attack. Glove options include: Insulated wool gloves, Gloves made with „self-heating” fabric, Microwaveable mittens, Battery-powered gloves. […] While Raynaud’s can’t kill you, serious cases of secondary Raynaud’s syndrome can cut off the blood flow to your skin and lead to tissue damage. A completely blocked artery can lead to skin sores (ulcers) or dead tissue (gangrene). […] There are two types of Raynaud’s syndrome — primary Raynaud’s (Raynaud’s disease) and secondary Raynaud’s (Raynaud’s phenomenon). Both forms cause your body to overreact in response to cold temperatures, making your fingers, toes, and other extremities feel numb and change color to white or blue. It’s painful when your body warms up again, and complications include sores and tissue damage. While there’s no cure for Raynaud’s, it can be treated with a combination of medication, home remedies, and lifestyle changes.

• #70 Raynaud Disease | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/raynaud-disease

  Soak your hands or feet in warm (not hot) water. Do this at the first sign of an attack. Keep soaking until your skin color returns to normal. […] In some people, symptoms are lasting or troubling. For these cases, other treatments are a choice. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about these: […] Prescription medicines. Some medicines that relax and widen blood vessels, such as calcium channel blockers. These may help ease symptoms. […] Nerve surgery. This is used for severe cases that dont respond to other treatments. Surgery removes the nerves around the blood vessels in the hands and feet. Without nerve stimulation, the blood vessels stay more relaxed. They’re less likely to become very narrow due to stimuli. Nerves may be blocked using injections in some cases. […] If attacks are severe, last for a long time, or occur very often, skin damage and sores (skin ulcers) may result. Controlling attacks can help prevent this.

• #71 The Description and Treatment of Raynaud’s Disease/Phenomenon

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-description-and-treatment-of-raynauds-diseasephenomenon

  Raynaud’s phenomenon was named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881) and was first described in 1862. This disorder is referred to as Raynaud’s disease when the cause is unknown and Raynaud’s phenomenon when it is secondary to another condition. It is characterized by attacks of vasospasm of digital arteries and arterioles that leads to intermittent pallor or cyanosis of the skin. Therefore, any patient who presents with complaints of Raynaud’s symptoms should be carefully evaluated for any underlying cause, undergo a thorough drug history, and be educated as to the importance of lifestyle changes that might control disease symptoms. Patients should be instructed to avoid inciting environmental factors such as direct contact with frozen foods or cold drinks. These patients may need to wear insulation against cold weather or use electric or chemical warming devices. It is important to remove any predisposing drugs from the patient’s medication regimen. These patients should be strongly encouraged to stop smoking, which aggravates optimal oxygen delivery to the tissues. If ulcerations develop, patients should be encouraged to keep them sterile and to see a doctor if an infection is present. If such ulcers progress or are severe, a wound care specialist may need to be consulted. The first-line therapy for secondary Raynaud’s is to treat the underlying disorder, if possible. These patients may develop increasingly severe Raynaud’s symptoms if the underlying disorder continues untreated. In addition, as the underlying disease worsens, the treatment of complications from Raynaud’s becomes increasingly difficult. Most patients with primary Raynaud’s experience only mild and infrequent episodes. Therefore, patient education, reassurance, and nondrug interventions may often be adequate.

• #72 The Description and Treatment of Raynaud’s Disease/Phenomenon

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-description-and-treatment-of-raynauds-diseasephenomenon

  Raynaud’s phenomenon was named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881) and was first described in 1862. This disorder is referred to as Raynaud’s disease when the cause is unknown and Raynaud’s phenomenon when it is secondary to another condition. It is characterized by attacks of vasospasm of digital arteries and arterioles that leads to intermittent pallor or cyanosis of the skin. Therefore, any patient who presents with complaints of Raynaud’s symptoms should be carefully evaluated for any underlying cause, undergo a thorough drug history, and be educated as to the importance of lifestyle changes that might control disease symptoms. Patients should be instructed to avoid inciting environmental factors such as direct contact with frozen foods or cold drinks. These patients may need to wear insulation against cold weather or use electric or chemical warming devices. It is important to remove any predisposing drugs from the patient’s medication regimen. These patients should be strongly encouraged to stop smoking, which aggravates optimal oxygen delivery to the tissues. If ulcerations develop, patients should be encouraged to keep them sterile and to see a doctor if an infection is present. If such ulcers progress or are severe, a wound care specialist may need to be consulted. The first-line therapy for secondary Raynaud’s is to treat the underlying disorder, if possible. These patients may develop increasingly severe Raynaud’s symptoms if the underlying disorder continues untreated. In addition, as the underlying disease worsens, the treatment of complications from Raynaud’s becomes increasingly difficult. Most patients with primary Raynaud’s experience only mild and infrequent episodes. Therefore, patient education, reassurance, and nondrug interventions may often be adequate.

• #73 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  In serious cases, repeated attacks can lead to skin sores or gangrene (death and decay of tissue). If this happens, the person may need to be admitted to the hospital for a few days for imaging studies and intravenous medications to rapidly improve blood flow and to treat infection. […] Raynauds phenomenon is primarily treated by rheumatologists, doctors who treat diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. […] In most people, Raynauds phenomenon can be controlled by making lifestyle changes. […] Keeping your hands and feet, as well as your entire body, warm is important. […] If you smoke, talk to your doctor about making a plan to quit. […] Some medications can bring on attacks, so talk to your doctor about those you take and before starting any new ones. […] If an attack occurs, place your hands or feet in a warm place, such as under warm (not hot) water or under a heating pad. […] Because stress can bring on an attack, learning how to manage it is important. […] Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help you deal with stress and improve blood flow. […] Remember to visit your health care providers regularly and to follow their recommendations.

• #74 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #75 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #76 Raynaud Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499833/

  Raynaud phenomenon is best managed with an interprofessional team of healthcare professionals. The key to improving the morbidity is education. Besides the physician, the nurse and the pharmacist are in a prime position to educate the patient about the hazards of smoking. In addition, patients have to be told to insulate their hands and fingers from the cold. The pharmacists must make sure that the patient is on no medication that can cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. When ulcers develop the patient should be told to seek medical help as soon as possible to avert gangrene. A wound care nurse should be consulted on educating the patient on the care of the wounds and the type of dressings to use. A dietary consult is recommended as there is some evidence that a diet rich in omega 3-fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #77 Pediatric Raynaud Phenomenon Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1355650-treatment

  Surgical care is needed for serious morbidity problems, including the following: Debridement of necrotic tissue, including infected wounds and osteomyelitis, may be necessary. […] Amputation of gangrenous digit may be required. […] Different surgical techniques have been used to improve Raynaud phenomenon symptoms, including balloon angioplasty, venous or arterial grafting, and digital or thorascopic sympathectomy. […] Sympathectomy may be required for intractable ischemia not responsive to medical treatment. Digital artery sympathectomy is more commonly advised compared with cervical sympathectomy because of lower morbidity. […] A pediatric rheumatologist should be consulted to evaluate patients suspected of having or developing secondary Raynaud phenomenon. […] Consultation with a surgeon may be needed for patients with threatened digit ischemia.

• #78 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  There is no single test to diagnose Raynauds phenomenon. Doctors usually diagnose it based on symptoms, in particular, on a description of a typical attack upon exposure to cold. Your doctor will likely also take a medical history and perform a physical exam. […] The goals of treatment for Raynauds phenomenon are to: Reduce how many attacks you have. Make attacks less severe. Prevent tissue damage. […] For most people with Raynauds phenomenon, avoiding getting cold prevents attacks and keeps symptoms under control. But if this is not enough, medications and, in some cases, surgical procedures can help. […] Secondary Raynauds phenomenon is more likely to be serious and to need more aggressive therapy, such as prescription medications. […] If you have severe Raynauds phenomenon, your doctor may recommend a procedure called a sympathectomy to destroy the nerves that trigger blood vessel narrowing in the affected areas.

• #79 Raynaud Phenomenon | Raynaud’s Disease | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html

  You may need to see a specialist such as a rheumatologist, a doctor who treats diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. […] Raynaud phenomenon cannot be prevented, but you can help prevent attacks and manage your symptoms by: Placing your hands or feet in a warm place when you have an attack. This could mean putting them under warm (not hot) water or under a heating pad. Keeping your body, especially your hands and feet, warm in cold weather. Avoiding triggers, such as certain medicines and stress. Quitting smoking (or not starting smoking). Managing stress.

• #80 Pediatric Raynaud Phenomenon Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1355650-treatment

  Surgical care is needed for serious morbidity problems, including the following: Debridement of necrotic tissue, including infected wounds and osteomyelitis, may be necessary. […] Amputation of gangrenous digit may be required. […] Different surgical techniques have been used to improve Raynaud phenomenon symptoms, including balloon angioplasty, venous or arterial grafting, and digital or thorascopic sympathectomy. […] Sympathectomy may be required for intractable ischemia not responsive to medical treatment. Digital artery sympathectomy is more commonly advised compared with cervical sympathectomy because of lower morbidity. […] A pediatric rheumatologist should be consulted to evaluate patients suspected of having or developing secondary Raynaud phenomenon. […] Consultation with a surgeon may be needed for patients with threatened digit ischemia.

• #81 Raynaud Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499833/

  Raynaud phenomenon is best managed with an interprofessional team of healthcare professionals. The key to improving the morbidity is education. Besides the physician, the nurse and the pharmacist are in a prime position to educate the patient about the hazards of smoking. In addition, patients have to be told to insulate their hands and fingers from the cold. The pharmacists must make sure that the patient is on no medication that can cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. When ulcers develop the patient should be told to seek medical help as soon as possible to avert gangrene. A wound care nurse should be consulted on educating the patient on the care of the wounds and the type of dressings to use. A dietary consult is recommended as there is some evidence that a diet rich in omega 3-fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #82 Raynaud Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499833/

  Raynaud phenomenon is best managed with an interprofessional team of healthcare professionals. The key to improving the morbidity is education. Besides the physician, the nurse and the pharmacist are in a prime position to educate the patient about the hazards of smoking. In addition, patients have to be told to insulate their hands and fingers from the cold. The pharmacists must make sure that the patient is on no medication that can cause vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. When ulcers develop the patient should be told to seek medical help as soon as possible to avert gangrene. A wound care nurse should be consulted on educating the patient on the care of the wounds and the type of dressings to use. A dietary consult is recommended as there is some evidence that a diet rich in omega 3-fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing Raynaud phenomenon.

• #83 Raynaud Disease Treatment: Improving Blood Flow

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/raynaud-disease-treatment/

  The medical practitioner may prescribe a sparing operation as a surgical intervention as Raynaud disease treatment. But in extreme cases, patients may require amputation of a limb or part of it. It is important if it is necessary to correct the blood vessels. […] Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can be used. This Raynaud disease treatment helps individuals develop coping strategies and address any underlying psychological factors. […] Physiotherapy may be used as a supportive treatment for Raynauds syndrome. […] Physiotherapy for Raynaud may involve exercises to improve circulation and range of motion. […] Massage as Raynaud disease treatment can also help increase blood flow and promote relaxation. […] The best treatment for Raynaud is medications. However, lifestyle modifications can effectively manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Raynauds disease is generally not considered a serious or life-threatening condition. But it can cause discomfort, pain and may lead to complications in some cases. It is important to diagnose and treat the symptoms. So you can prevent further complications properly.

• #84 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #85 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #86 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease DIAGNOSIS To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud’s, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. If your doctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud’s, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as: Antinuclear antibodies test. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. […] Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease 1.NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion lack of blood relates to supply to extremities. Goal-increased arterial blood circulation ,color and sensation at the extremities. Nursing Intervention- Asses the patient for the blood circulation, color and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected areas. Administer the medication as prescribed by doctor such as vasodilator ,calcium channels blockers and alpha blockers . Monitor the blood circulation to the extremities every two hourly (circulation chart). Encourage patient to perform extremities exercises while sitting or during works. Evaluation- Patients extremities are warm to touch, improve in color no complain of numbness.

• #87 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #88 Nursing management Of patients with Raynaud’s disease | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patients-with-raynauds-disease/251114063

  2.NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to disease process. Goal: to reduce the anxiety related level of patients Nursing Intervention Asses the patients anxiety level by observing clients behavior eg crying, expression and anxious Reinforce doctors explanations to patients by using the non- medical term Provide moral and emotional support to patients Encourage diversional therapy eg: watching t.v, listening songs Evaluation- Patients anxiety level decreases client is more clear about the disease. […] 3.NURSING DIAGNOSIS- Deficient knowledge regarding self care activities. activities. Goal : The patients will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease. Nursing intervention 1.Asses clients knowledge level. 2. Encourage patients to perform extremities exercises. 3.Advise pt to place the fingers or toe under the warm water duringthe attack. 4. Advise pt to stop smoking. 5.Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band or watch and clothings. 6. Patients should be cautioned to handle sharp objects carefully to avoid injury to their fingers. 7. Avoid using tools that vibrate the hands. Evaluation- Client is able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education was given.

• #89 Nursing Care Plan For Raynaud’s Syndrome | PDF | Pain | Anxiety

  https://www.scribd.com/doc/159474149/Nursing-care-plan-for-Raynaud-s-Syndrome

  The nursing care plan involves assessing the patient’s acute pain related to tissue ischemia secondary to vasospasm. Goals are to gradually reduce the patient’s pain from 4/10 to 0/10 over 8 hours using nursing interventions like assessing vital signs, providing comfort measures, encouraging relaxation techniques, and giving PRN pain medications. […] A second diagnosis addresses ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. Goals are to improve blood circulation over 8 hours using interventions like assessing extremities and giving medications. […] A third diagnosis addresses anxiety about potential amputation; the goal is to reduce anxiety by shift end using interventions like assessing anxiety and providing support. […] After 8 hours of nursing interventions, the patient will be able to experience gradual reduction/relief of pain from 4/10 to 0/10. […] Within 8 hours of rendering nursing care, the patient will be able to increase arterial blood supply to extremities. Palms turn to normal color. […] At the end of the shift, the patient will be able to reduce anxiety level.

• #90

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] In Raynaud’s, the small vessels that bring blood to the skin either become narrow, or constrict for a short period of time. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. […] If another condition causes your Raynaud’s, make sure to follow your treatment for that condition. […] Wear mittens or gloves when it is cold outside.

• #91

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] In Raynaud’s, the small vessels that bring blood to the skin either become narrow, or constrict for a short period of time. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. […] If another condition causes your Raynaud’s, make sure to follow your treatment for that condition. […] Wear mittens or gloves when it is cold outside.

• #92 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #93 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #94 Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.raynaud’s-phenomenon-care-instructions.uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #95

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8825

  You can slip chemical hand warmers into your mittens or gloves when you do outside activities. […] Some medicines can make Raynaud’s worse. Talk with your doctor about all of the medicines you take, even over-the-counter medicines, to make sure they aren’t triggering an attack. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #96

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8825

  Raynaud’s is a condition that causes your hands and feet to overreact to cold. […] In Raynaud’s, the small vessels that bring blood to the skin either become narrow, or constrict for a short period of time. […] You can take simple steps to protect your hands and feet from the cold. If you have a bad case of Raynaud’s and you cannot keep your hands and feet warm enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine to help Raynaud’s, take it exactly as prescribed. […] If another condition causes your Raynaud’s, make sure to follow your treatment for that condition. […] Wear mittens or gloves when it is cold outside.

• #97 Raynaud’s disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20363571

  Raynaud’s disease causes some areas of the body such as fingers and toes to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. […] Treatment of Raynaud’s disease depends on how bad it is and whether you have other health conditions. For most people, Raynaud’s disease isn’t disabling, but it can affect your quality of life. […] See your healthcare professional right away if you have a history of severe Raynaud’s and get a sore or infection in one of your affected fingers or toes. […] To help prevent Raynaud’s attacks: Bundle up outdoors. When it’s cold, wear a hat, scarf, socks and boots, and two sets of mittens or gloves. […] Take care indoors. Wear socks. To take food out of the refrigerator or freezer, wear gloves, mittens or oven mitts. Some people find it helpful to wear mittens and socks to bed during winter. […] If secondary Raynaud’s is severe, reduced blood flow to fingers or toes could cause tissue damage. But that’s rare.

• #98 Scleroderma and Raynaud’s Disease | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/services-treatments/rheumatology/scleroderma-and-raynauds-disease

  UMass Memorial Health rheumatologists take care to accurately diagnose these conditions. We also make sure you understand the details of the condition you have, so you can make informed decisions about your care and treatment. […] Early diagnosis is important. At UMass Memorial, you receive a careful physical exam and appropriate diagnostic tests to confirm your diagnosis. Our team educates you about the conditions and discusses the most appropriate, up-to-date therapies available for treatment. […] Scleroderma may affect different body systems, like the lungs, kidneys, or intestinal tract, so your care team includes other specialists when needed. […] Our rheumatologists regularly discuss your treatment progress with your primary care provider (PCP) and other specialists. This ongoing communication allows your health care team to work together to help you feel your best.

• #99 Raynaud’s Disease Condition and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/raynauds-disease

  Raynauds disease is a condition which affects blood flow. It usually affects the hands and feet, causing them to be cold and change colors turning white, purple, and red. In Raynauds, blood flow will return, but if blood flow is impaired for a prolonged period, there can be tissue damage. […] Following a thorough evaluation, the physician team will develop a treatment plan based on the type and extent of the disease, the patients overall health, and the patients preferences. […] Although there is no cure for Raynauds, it normally can be well managed with appropriate treatment, such as: Limiting exposure to the cold by dressing warmly gloves, socks, scarf, hat, and layering; Quitting smoking to improve circulation and overall health; Avoiding use of vibrating tools. […] The Raynauds Disease Clinic at Brigham and Womens Hospital is one of only a few clinics in New England exclusively dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of patients with Raynauds disease (Raynauds phenomenon). A multidisciplinary team of vascular medicine, rheumatology, pulmonary vascular, plastic surgery, and other medical specialists collaborate to provide the most appropriate and effective care for patients with Raynauds.

• #100 Raynaud’s Center | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/cardiovascular-institute/cardiovascular-medicine/our-services/vascular-medicine/raynauds-center

  Multidisciplinary Care for Raynauds Disease […] The BIDMC Raynauds Center brings together experts in Vascular Medicine, Rheumatology, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Hand Surgery to provide coordinated care for patients with Raynauds phenomenon and associated syndromes in both the outpatient setting and in the hospital. […] Patients at the Raynauds Center will undergo a thorough evaluation including a detailed exam and may including blood testing and advanced imaging as appropriate. A treatment plan will include advice on cold avoidance strategies and may include medications to dilate the blood vessels. In severe cases, surgery or injections may be recommended.

• #101 Raynaud’s Center | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/cardiovascular-institute/cardiovascular-medicine/our-services/vascular-medicine/raynauds-center

  Multidisciplinary Care for Raynauds Disease […] The BIDMC Raynauds Center brings together experts in Vascular Medicine, Rheumatology, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Hand Surgery to provide coordinated care for patients with Raynauds phenomenon and associated syndromes in both the outpatient setting and in the hospital. […] Patients at the Raynauds Center will undergo a thorough evaluation including a detailed exam and may including blood testing and advanced imaging as appropriate. A treatment plan will include advice on cold avoidance strategies and may include medications to dilate the blood vessels. In severe cases, surgery or injections may be recommended.

• #102 Raynaud’s Phenomenon | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/raynauds-phenomenon

  If you have secondary Raynauds due to an underlying cause, such as scleroderma or lupus, it may be more difficult to manage attacks. Work with your doctor to manage your underlying condition, which may decrease attacks of Raynauds. […] If your symptoms get worse or you have new symptoms, let your doctor know.

• #103 Sensitive To The Cold? For Many, Raynaud’s Disease Is To Blame | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2022/01/raynauds-disease

  Winter can be challenging for the 1 in 10 people affected by Raynauds disease (or Raynaud syndrome). This condition causes color changes, numbness and pain in the fingers and toes after exposure to cold. For some people, stress can also trigger these symptoms. […] The good news is that most people with this disease can manage symptoms without medication. Preventive steps can often reduce the frequency and duration of episodes, says Olusegun Osinbowale, M.D., a vascular medicine specialist at Henry Ford Health. […] For people with Raynauds phenomenon or primary Raynauds disease, preventive measures can often reduce and manage symptoms. Dr. Osinbowale recommends these steps: […] For people with secondary Raynauds disease, medications can help manage longer-lasting symptoms that interfere with daily life. These medications may include calcium-channel blockers and vasodilators, which relax and open blood vessels to reduce the severity and frequency of episodes. […] Raynauds disease is typically not limb- or life-threatening. But its important to seek medical care before your symptoms progress. Your doctor can help you manage it so you can still enjoy daily activities, says Dr. Osinbowale.

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