Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #2 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  Medication overuse in primary headache disorders is a worldwide phenomenon and has a role in the chronification of headache disorders. […] The burden of disease on individuals and societies is significant due to high costs and comorbidities. […] The prevalence of chronic headache is 4% to 5%, with an incidence of 3% per year. […] Prevalence rates for MOH in the general population level are situated between 1 and 2%, with a range between 0.5% and 7.2%. […] MOH is estimated to affect around 63 million people worldwide. […] The prevalence of medication overuse is higher in studies from headache specialist centers, with numbers ranging from 30% to 50% of patients. […] A systematic review of epidemiological studies found that MOH is most common among middle-aged adults from 30 to 50 years of age, and predominant in females in the majority of studies.

• #3 Medication-overuse headache: a review | JPR

  https://www.dovepress.com/medication-overuse-headache-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a worldwide health problem with a prevalence of 1%2%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population in the western world is 1%2%. […] However, a recent review concludes that this varies in different parts of the world depending on the definitions used. […] The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1,000 person-years in a large prospective cohort study from Norway. […] The male to female ratio is 1:34, and the condition is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age, and among people over 65 years, the prevalence based on different definitions has been reported to be 1.0%1.5%. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.3%0.5%. […] In studies of specialist care in children, approximately 20% of patients with chronic headache had medication-overuse, suggesting MOH to be a problem also in school-aged children. […] It is suggested that MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache.

• #4 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  Medication overuse headache has a true prevalence that is unknown, partly resulting from various changes in diagnostic criteria, but estimates are in the range of 0.5 to 2.6% in the general population. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%) and Iran (4.6%), places where it is felt that medication overuse is more prevalent. In some studies from specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH in patients with chronic daily headaches has been reported anywhere from 11 to 70%, much higher than the general population. […] MOH most commonly affects those aged 30 to 50 years with a female to male predominance of 3 to 4 to 1. Interestingly enough, between 21 and 52% of pediatric patients and 35% of the elderly over the age of 64 met the criteria for MOH. Some studies in Europe have reported increased prevalence in first-generation migrants, and the feeling was that a potential explanation for this was multi-factorial but likely included socioeconomic class, genetic predisposition, and cultural reasons.

• #5 Medication-Overuse Headache: Update on Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1146

  Long-term frequent use of acute pain medication for the treatment of headaches has paradoxically been shown to increase the frequency of headaches. So-called medication-overuse headache (MOH) is particularly problematic in patients with migraine who overuse triptans and opioids. […] Studies indicate that, worldwide, up to 1–4% of the population overuses analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The prevalence of MOH in adults ranges between 0.5 and 2.6%, with higher rates of up to 7.6% reported in Russia. […] An MOH is most common in adults aged 30–50 years old and affects women three to four times more than men. MOH is less common in adolescents and people over 65 years old, with prevalence reported as 0.2–0.3% and 1.0–1.7%, respectively. […] The overall risk of developing MOH is therefore complex and relates to the interplay between certain psycho-social factors and the class of acute medication that is overused in genetically predisposed individuals.

• #6 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #7 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  Medication overuse in primary headache disorders is a worldwide phenomenon and has a role in the chronification of headache disorders. […] The burden of disease on individuals and societies is significant due to high costs and comorbidities. […] The prevalence of chronic headache is 4% to 5%, with an incidence of 3% per year. […] Prevalence rates for MOH in the general population level are situated between 1 and 2%, with a range between 0.5% and 7.2%. […] MOH is estimated to affect around 63 million people worldwide. […] The prevalence of medication overuse is higher in studies from headache specialist centers, with numbers ranging from 30% to 50% of patients. […] A systematic review of epidemiological studies found that MOH is most common among middle-aged adults from 30 to 50 years of age, and predominant in females in the majority of studies.

• #8 Medication-overuse headache: a review | JPR

  https://www.dovepress.com/medication-overuse-headache-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a worldwide health problem with a prevalence of 1%2%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population in the western world is 1%2%. […] However, a recent review concludes that this varies in different parts of the world depending on the definitions used. […] The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1,000 person-years in a large prospective cohort study from Norway. […] The male to female ratio is 1:34, and the condition is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age, and among people over 65 years, the prevalence based on different definitions has been reported to be 1.0%1.5%. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.3%0.5%. […] In studies of specialist care in children, approximately 20% of patients with chronic headache had medication-overuse, suggesting MOH to be a problem also in school-aged children. […] It is suggested that MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache.

• #9 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  The burden of disease for MOH has been shown to be a worldwide problem. […] The global campaign Lifting the Burden has contributed to the acquisition of new data and to the promotion of accurate epidemiological methods all over the world. […] In the most recent issue of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2016, migraine became the second largest cause of disability, mainly because MOH was considered a sequela of migraine and tension-type headache.

• #10 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  As MOH is a worldwide problem, experts surmise that economic, psychological, and physical disability all factor into the etiology of this disease. In 2016 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) listed migraine as the second largest cause of disability, likely because MOH was considered an emanation of migraine and tension headache.

• #11 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #12 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  MOH is more common in middle-life and the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2% with a 3:1 female to male ratio. […] The diagnosis for medication-overuse headache is clinical, and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] Discontinuation of overused medication is essential and the treatment of choice for MOH. […] It is important for the patient to know that when the medication overused is discontinued, they may undergo a period where their headaches will get worse. […] The physician will decide if the overused medication will be discontinued abruptly or if it needs to be tapered slowly. […] In certain circumstances, inpatient treatment may be considered so that medication can be tapered in a controlled environment, and prolonged intravenous medications can be used to break the headache cycle.

• #13 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #14 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #15 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #16 Medication-Overuse Headache: Update on Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1146

  Long-term frequent use of acute pain medication for the treatment of headaches has paradoxically been shown to increase the frequency of headaches. So-called medication-overuse headache (MOH) is particularly problematic in patients with migraine who overuse triptans and opioids. […] Studies indicate that, worldwide, up to 1–4% of the population overuses analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The prevalence of MOH in adults ranges between 0.5 and 2.6%, with higher rates of up to 7.6% reported in Russia. […] An MOH is most common in adults aged 30–50 years old and affects women three to four times more than men. MOH is less common in adolescents and people over 65 years old, with prevalence reported as 0.2–0.3% and 1.0–1.7%, respectively. […] The overall risk of developing MOH is therefore complex and relates to the interplay between certain psycho-social factors and the class of acute medication that is overused in genetically predisposed individuals.

• #17 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #18 Medication-overuse headache: a review | JPR

  https://www.dovepress.com/medication-overuse-headache-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a worldwide health problem with a prevalence of 1%2%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population in the western world is 1%2%. […] However, a recent review concludes that this varies in different parts of the world depending on the definitions used. […] The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1,000 person-years in a large prospective cohort study from Norway. […] The male to female ratio is 1:34, and the condition is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age, and among people over 65 years, the prevalence based on different definitions has been reported to be 1.0%1.5%. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.3%0.5%. […] In studies of specialist care in children, approximately 20% of patients with chronic headache had medication-overuse, suggesting MOH to be a problem also in school-aged children. […] It is suggested that MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache.

• #19 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #20 Medication-overuse headache: a review | JPR

  https://www.dovepress.com/medication-overuse-headache-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a worldwide health problem with a prevalence of 1%2%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population in the western world is 1%2%. […] However, a recent review concludes that this varies in different parts of the world depending on the definitions used. […] The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1,000 person-years in a large prospective cohort study from Norway. […] The male to female ratio is 1:34, and the condition is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age, and among people over 65 years, the prevalence based on different definitions has been reported to be 1.0%1.5%. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.3%0.5%. […] In studies of specialist care in children, approximately 20% of patients with chronic headache had medication-overuse, suggesting MOH to be a problem also in school-aged children. […] It is suggested that MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache.

• #21 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #22 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  Medication overuse headache has a true prevalence that is unknown, partly resulting from various changes in diagnostic criteria, but estimates are in the range of 0.5 to 2.6% in the general population. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%) and Iran (4.6%), places where it is felt that medication overuse is more prevalent. In some studies from specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH in patients with chronic daily headaches has been reported anywhere from 11 to 70%, much higher than the general population. […] MOH most commonly affects those aged 30 to 50 years with a female to male predominance of 3 to 4 to 1. Interestingly enough, between 21 and 52% of pediatric patients and 35% of the elderly over the age of 64 met the criteria for MOH. Some studies in Europe have reported increased prevalence in first-generation migrants, and the feeling was that a potential explanation for this was multi-factorial but likely included socioeconomic class, genetic predisposition, and cultural reasons.

• #23 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #24 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #25 Medication-Overuse Headache: Update on Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/9/1146

  Long-term frequent use of acute pain medication for the treatment of headaches has paradoxically been shown to increase the frequency of headaches. So-called medication-overuse headache (MOH) is particularly problematic in patients with migraine who overuse triptans and opioids. […] Studies indicate that, worldwide, up to 1–4% of the population overuses analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The prevalence of MOH in adults ranges between 0.5 and 2.6%, with higher rates of up to 7.6% reported in Russia. […] An MOH is most common in adults aged 30–50 years old and affects women three to four times more than men. MOH is less common in adolescents and people over 65 years old, with prevalence reported as 0.2–0.3% and 1.0–1.7%, respectively. […] The overall risk of developing MOH is therefore complex and relates to the interplay between certain psycho-social factors and the class of acute medication that is overused in genetically predisposed individuals.

• #26 Medication-overuse headache: a review | JPR

  https://www.dovepress.com/medication-overuse-headache-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JPR

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a worldwide health problem with a prevalence of 1%2%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population in the western world is 1%2%. […] However, a recent review concludes that this varies in different parts of the world depending on the definitions used. […] The incidence of MOH was 0.72 per 1,000 person-years in a large prospective cohort study from Norway. […] The male to female ratio is 1:34, and the condition is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age, and among people over 65 years, the prevalence based on different definitions has been reported to be 1.0%1.5%. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.3%0.5%. […] In studies of specialist care in children, approximately 20% of patients with chronic headache had medication-overuse, suggesting MOH to be a problem also in school-aged children. […] It is suggested that MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache.

• #27 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #28 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  Medication overuse headache has a true prevalence that is unknown, partly resulting from various changes in diagnostic criteria, but estimates are in the range of 0.5 to 2.6% in the general population. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%) and Iran (4.6%), places where it is felt that medication overuse is more prevalent. In some studies from specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH in patients with chronic daily headaches has been reported anywhere from 11 to 70%, much higher than the general population. […] MOH most commonly affects those aged 30 to 50 years with a female to male predominance of 3 to 4 to 1. Interestingly enough, between 21 and 52% of pediatric patients and 35% of the elderly over the age of 64 met the criteria for MOH. Some studies in Europe have reported increased prevalence in first-generation migrants, and the feeling was that a potential explanation for this was multi-factorial but likely included socioeconomic class, genetic predisposition, and cultural reasons.

• #29 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #30 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  Medication overuse headache has a true prevalence that is unknown, partly resulting from various changes in diagnostic criteria, but estimates are in the range of 0.5 to 2.6% in the general population. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%) and Iran (4.6%), places where it is felt that medication overuse is more prevalent. In some studies from specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH in patients with chronic daily headaches has been reported anywhere from 11 to 70%, much higher than the general population. […] MOH most commonly affects those aged 30 to 50 years with a female to male predominance of 3 to 4 to 1. Interestingly enough, between 21 and 52% of pediatric patients and 35% of the elderly over the age of 64 met the criteria for MOH. Some studies in Europe have reported increased prevalence in first-generation migrants, and the feeling was that a potential explanation for this was multi-factorial but likely included socioeconomic class, genetic predisposition, and cultural reasons.

• #31 Frontiers | Medication overuse headache: a review of current evidence and management strategies

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2023.1194134/full

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is estimated to affect approximately 63 million people. According to many studies, the prevalence of MOH in the general population ranges between 0.5% and 7.2%. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%). Among patients at specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH ranges from 30% to 50%, which is much higher than in the general population. The prevalence of chronic migraine in children and adolescents in the United States was found to be 0.79% when medication overuse was excluded and 1.75% when it was included. MOH criteria were met by 21%–52% of pediatric patients with chronic headaches. MOH prevalence in the pediatric population ranges from 0.3% in Taiwan to 3.3% in Italy, with others falling somewhere in between. Most studies show that MOH is more common in females, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1: 3–4, and it is more common in middle-aged adults aged 30–50. According to multiple headache center studies on elderly populations, 30%–35% of patients over the age of 64 overuse medications. Despite this, the overall prevalence of MOH decreases among the elderly. In Taiwan, the prevalence was 1.0% among those aged 65 and above. Concerning MOH in specific ethnic groups and minorities, a European study found an increased prevalence of MOH in first-generation migrants, with socioeconomic, cultural, and genetic factors being the main causes.

• #32 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  Medication overuse in primary headache disorders is a worldwide phenomenon and has a role in the chronification of headache disorders. […] The burden of disease on individuals and societies is significant due to high costs and comorbidities. […] The prevalence of chronic headache is 4% to 5%, with an incidence of 3% per year. […] Prevalence rates for MOH in the general population level are situated between 1 and 2%, with a range between 0.5% and 7.2%. […] MOH is estimated to affect around 63 million people worldwide. […] The prevalence of medication overuse is higher in studies from headache specialist centers, with numbers ranging from 30% to 50% of patients. […] A systematic review of epidemiological studies found that MOH is most common among middle-aged adults from 30 to 50 years of age, and predominant in females in the majority of studies.

• #33 Document of revision and updating of medication overuse headache (MOH) | Neurología (English Edition)

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition–495-articulo-document-revision-updating-medication-overuse-S2173580821000249

  Medication overuse headache is a secondary headache in which the regular or frequent use of analgesics can increase the frequency of the episodes, causing the transition from episodic to chronic headache. The prevalence of medication overuse headache is approximately 1%-2%, with higher rates among women aged 30-50 years and with comorbid psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety, or other chronic pain disorders. […] A systematic review of population-based studies conducted after the publication of the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders estimated the prevalence of MOH at 0.5% to 7.2%. The disparity between prevalence rates may be attributed to methodological or geographical differences. Among the studies reviewed, the 2 including the largest populations were conducted in Sweden, in a population of 50,000 individuals and finding an estimated prevalence rate of 1.8% (2.5% in women), and in Norway, in 30,000 individuals and reporting a prevalence rate of 1.7% (2.2% in women). A Spanish study included a population of nearly 10,000 individuals from the region of Cantabria, and reported a prevalence rate of 1.4% (2.6% in women). From these studies, we may conclude that MOH mainly affects individuals aged 30 to 50 years and is more frequent among women (female-to-male ratio, 4:1). […] Although the prevalence of MOH is not very high in the general population, the condition represents a significant problem for specialised care. In fact, MOH has been estimated to affect 30%-50% of patients attending headache units.

• #34 Medication-Overuse Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538150/

  Medication overuse headache has a true prevalence that is unknown, partly resulting from various changes in diagnostic criteria, but estimates are in the range of 0.5 to 2.6% in the general population. Higher rates have been reported in Russia (7.6%) and Iran (4.6%), places where it is felt that medication overuse is more prevalent. In some studies from specialized headache centers, the prevalence of MOH in patients with chronic daily headaches has been reported anywhere from 11 to 70%, much higher than the general population. […] MOH most commonly affects those aged 30 to 50 years with a female to male predominance of 3 to 4 to 1. Interestingly enough, between 21 and 52% of pediatric patients and 35% of the elderly over the age of 64 met the criteria for MOH. Some studies in Europe have reported increased prevalence in first-generation migrants, and the feeling was that a potential explanation for this was multi-factorial but likely included socioeconomic class, genetic predisposition, and cultural reasons.

• #35 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #36 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #37 Prevalence of medication overuse headache in an interdisciplinary pain clinic | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-4

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) has been recognized as an important problem in headache patients although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. […] The prevalence of MOH was 29%. […] The odds ratio (OR) for a patient with medication overuse to have chronic headache was 13.1 if he had a history of primary headache, compared to a patient without a primary headache syndrome. […] Medication overuse headache (MOH) is considered to be an important problem among headache patients worldwide with an estimated prevalence of 11.5% in the general population. […] The objective of the present study was to examine the prevalence of MOH as defined in the new ICHD-II-Appendix criteria in a population of patients with chronic pain different than headache. […] The prevalence of 29% for MOH in our pain population is higher than previously reported.

• #38 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #39 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  MOH is more common in middle-life and the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2% with a 3:1 female to male ratio. […] The diagnosis for medication-overuse headache is clinical, and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] Discontinuation of overused medication is essential and the treatment of choice for MOH. […] It is important for the patient to know that when the medication overused is discontinued, they may undergo a period where their headaches will get worse. […] The physician will decide if the overused medication will be discontinued abruptly or if it needs to be tapered slowly. […] In certain circumstances, inpatient treatment may be considered so that medication can be tapered in a controlled environment, and prolonged intravenous medications can be used to break the headache cycle.

• #40 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #41 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic daily headache and a secondary disorder in which acute medications used excessively causes headache in a headache-prone patient. […] MOH is clinical diagnosis and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] MOH most commonly occurs in people with primary headache disorders like migraine, cluster, or tension-type headaches using less effective or nonspecific medications resulting in inadequate treatment response and redosing. […] MOH development is linked to baseline frequency of headache days per month, acute medication class ingested, frequency of acute medications ingested, and other risk factors. […] Medication overuse headache has been found to render headaches refractory to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological prophylactic medications, and also reduces the efficacy of acute abortive therapy for migraines.

• #42 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #43 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #44

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #45 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #46 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #47

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #48 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #49 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #50

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #51

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #52

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #53

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #54

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #56

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #57 Prevalence of medication overuse headache in an interdisciplinary pain clinic | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-4

  The conclusion that we can draw from this controversy is that in some headache patients the headache will chronify as a consequence of the medication overuse, while in others the chronification is caused by other factors. […] Comorbid depression, history of migration, history of headache and have been identified as independently associated factors for analgesic overuse in general, this is in line with previous studies. […] In summary, our study showed that MOH might be more prevalent in chronic pain patients than previously suggested.

• #58 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  The most effective method to treat MOH is discontinuation of the medication that is overused and a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, behavioral and physical therapy interventions. […] Use of certain classes of acute medications such as opioids, barbiturate-containing analgesics and butalbital, aspirin and caffeine is associated with increased risk of chronic migraine. […] Medication-overuse headache is a secondary disorder caused by excessive use of acute medications. […] It is defined by the ICDH-3 diagnostic criteria as headache occurring on 15 or more days per month in a patient with a preexisting headache disorder who has been overusing one or more acute treatment drugs for symptomatic treatment of headache for three or more months, and those headaches cannot be accounted for by another diagnosis.

• #59 Medication Overuse Headache | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse-headache/

  Medication overuse headaches have previously been termed “rebound headaches,” or drug-induced headache and medication misuse headaches. Medication overuse headaches are experienced more than 15 days a month for at least three months and have developed or markedly worsened during medication overuse. The risk of medication-overuse headache is greatest with narcotic and butalbital-containing medications. But triptans, ergotamines, and certain over-the-counter pain medicines also carry a risk. […] The diagnosis for medication overuse headache is made from the clinical history and depends on the amount of use of the acute medications. The evaluation should address why headaches are becoming more frequent to begin with. […] Overuse is defined by the number of treatment days (days an acute medication is taken) per month and depends on the drug.

• #60 Medication Overuse Headache | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse-headache/

  People who have headaches, especially migraines, have a tendency to develop medication overuse headaches even if they are using the analgesics for other medical conditions. […] Medication overuse headaches occur frequently if opioid use is exceeded by more than ten days in a month. […] Some methods which can prevent the onset of medication overuse headache include following instructions on how to take medications, avoid use of opioid medications and butalbitol combination medications, and limit use of simple analgesics to less than 15 days a month and triptans less than ten days a month. […] People should remember to contact their doctors and let them know if they need to take medications for acute treatment frequently so that the appropriate assessment and management can be done, and the onset of medication overuse headaches can be avoided.

• #61 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  The most effective method to treat MOH is discontinuation of the medication that is overused and a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, behavioral and physical therapy interventions. […] Use of certain classes of acute medications such as opioids, barbiturate-containing analgesics and butalbital, aspirin and caffeine is associated with increased risk of chronic migraine. […] Medication-overuse headache is a secondary disorder caused by excessive use of acute medications. […] It is defined by the ICDH-3 diagnostic criteria as headache occurring on 15 or more days per month in a patient with a preexisting headache disorder who has been overusing one or more acute treatment drugs for symptomatic treatment of headache for three or more months, and those headaches cannot be accounted for by another diagnosis.

• #62 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  The burden of disease for MOH has been shown to be a worldwide problem. […] The global campaign Lifting the Burden has contributed to the acquisition of new data and to the promotion of accurate epidemiological methods all over the world. […] In the most recent issue of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2016, migraine became the second largest cause of disability, mainly because MOH was considered a sequela of migraine and tension-type headache.

• #63

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #64 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  The burden of disease for MOH has been shown to be a worldwide problem. […] The global campaign Lifting the Burden has contributed to the acquisition of new data and to the promotion of accurate epidemiological methods all over the world. […] In the most recent issue of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2016, migraine became the second largest cause of disability, mainly because MOH was considered a sequela of migraine and tension-type headache.

• #65 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  The burden of disease for MOH has been shown to be a worldwide problem. […] The global campaign Lifting the Burden has contributed to the acquisition of new data and to the promotion of accurate epidemiological methods all over the world. […] In the most recent issue of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2016, migraine became the second largest cause of disability, mainly because MOH was considered a sequela of migraine and tension-type headache.

• #66

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. […] The worldwide prevalence of MOH is 12% in the general population with a range of 0.5 to 7.2%. It affects around 63 million people around the world. About 50% of patients with chronic headaches have associated MOH. […] The burden of the MOH is due to its physical and psychological disability. In the global burden disease, 2016 study migraine became the second leading cause of disability worldwide because MOH was considered a sequela of highly prevalent migraine and TTH. […] The various risk factors associated with the development of MOH are female sex, regular use of tranquilizer, chronic musculoskeletal complaints, hospital anxiety depression scale score of 10 or more, physical inactivity, lower socioeconomic status, lower education level, higher prevalence of smoking, sleep disorders, a family history of MOH or substance abuse and higher body mass index.

• #67

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-019-03812-8

  Medication-overuse headache is a worldwide challenge as it affects 12% of the general population. […] Some people are more prone to medication overuse, which can be ascertained by applying five simple questions about dependence. […] Detoxification of the overused medication is a cheap and effective treatment strategy. […] Treatment is often more complicated in neurologist and hospital settings, most likely due to a combination of treatment failure in general practice and co-morbidity of other disorders including different types of headaches. […] Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. […] Definitions of medication-overuse headache in population-based studies and their implications on prevalence estimates: a systematic review. […] The Severity of Dependence Scale detects people with medication overuse: the Akershus study of chronic headache.

• #68 Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/86/5/505

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in the general population. […] The study was double-blind, pragmatic and cluster-randomised controlled. […] A total of 25486 patients (age 1850) from 50 general practitioners (GPs) were screened for MOH. […] 42% responded to the postal screening questionnaire, and 2.4% screened positive for MOH. […] BI was significantly better than BAU for the primary outcomes (p0.001). […] Chronic headache resolved in 50% of the BI and 6% of the BAU group. […] The BI method provides GPs with a simple and effective instrument that reduces medication-overuse and headache frequency in patients with MOH. […] MOH can be identified through screening for headache frequency and dependency-like behaviour using the five simple questions of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).

• #69 Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/86/5/505

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in the general population. […] The study was double-blind, pragmatic and cluster-randomised controlled. […] A total of 25486 patients (age 1850) from 50 general practitioners (GPs) were screened for MOH. […] 42% responded to the postal screening questionnaire, and 2.4% screened positive for MOH. […] BI was significantly better than BAU for the primary outcomes (p0.001). […] Chronic headache resolved in 50% of the BI and 6% of the BAU group. […] The BI method provides GPs with a simple and effective instrument that reduces medication-overuse and headache frequency in patients with MOH. […] MOH can be identified through screening for headache frequency and dependency-like behaviour using the five simple questions of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).

• #70 SciELO Brazil – Medication overuse headache and awareness Medication overuse headache and awareness

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/HnnFwfp43Y86QbvCfk5PPjr/

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is the worsening of an underlying headache due to the overuse of its acute treatment. […] Health professionals play an important role in preventing this increasingly frequent and difficult-to-treat condition. […] A total of 312 medical doctors were surveyed, including 198 (63.5%) from internal medical sciences, 81 (26%) from surgical medical sciences, and 33 (10.5%) from basic medical sciences. Half of the physicians in our sample were unaware of MOH. Our results showed that awareness of MOH was quite low even among medical doctors. […] The most important factor in the development of MOH is the lack of awareness and understanding on the part of patients and physicians. […] Our results showed that MOH awareness among medical doctors was quite low. Only half of the physicians were aware of this condition.

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-019-03812-8

  Reduction in medication-overuse headache after short information. […] Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. […] Brief intervention by general practitioners for medication-overuse headache, follow-up after 6 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. […] Treatment of medication overuse headache – guideline of the EFNS headache panel. […] A consensus protocol for the management of medication-overuse headache: evaluation in a multicentric, multinational study. […] The added value of an electronic monitoring and alerting system in the management of medication-overuse headache: a controlled multicentre study.

• #72

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-019-03812-8

  Reduction in medication-overuse headache after short information. […] Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. […] Brief intervention by general practitioners for medication-overuse headache, follow-up after 6 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. […] Treatment of medication overuse headache – guideline of the EFNS headache panel. […] A consensus protocol for the management of medication-overuse headache: evaluation in a multicentric, multinational study. […] The added value of an electronic monitoring and alerting system in the management of medication-overuse headache: a controlled multicentre study.

• #73 Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/86/5/505

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is common in the general population. […] The study was double-blind, pragmatic and cluster-randomised controlled. […] A total of 25486 patients (age 1850) from 50 general practitioners (GPs) were screened for MOH. […] 42% responded to the postal screening questionnaire, and 2.4% screened positive for MOH. […] BI was significantly better than BAU for the primary outcomes (p0.001). […] Chronic headache resolved in 50% of the BI and 6% of the BAU group. […] The BI method provides GPs with a simple and effective instrument that reduces medication-overuse and headache frequency in patients with MOH. […] MOH can be identified through screening for headache frequency and dependency-like behaviour using the five simple questions of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).

• #74 Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/86/5/505

  The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the BI method versus business as usual (BAU) for achieving drug withdrawal and headache improvement in patients with MOH in general practice. […] BI was significantly more effective than BAU in reducing headache days/month and medication days/month. […] At follow-up, 67% (16/24) in the BI group were without medication overuse compared with 3% (1/36) in the BAU group. […] Chronic headache resolved in 50% (12/24) of the BI group and 6% (2/36) in the BAU group. […] The RCT literature on withdrawal strategies for MOH is scant. […] In the present study, BI was significantly better than BAU and only the BI group improved compared with baseline. […] Focus on MOH in primary care is important for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

• #75 Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/86/5/505

  The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the BI method versus business as usual (BAU) for achieving drug withdrawal and headache improvement in patients with MOH in general practice. […] BI was significantly more effective than BAU in reducing headache days/month and medication days/month. […] At follow-up, 67% (16/24) in the BI group were without medication overuse compared with 3% (1/36) in the BAU group. […] Chronic headache resolved in 50% (12/24) of the BI group and 6% (2/36) in the BAU group. […] The RCT literature on withdrawal strategies for MOH is scant. […] In the present study, BI was significantly better than BAU and only the BI group improved compared with baseline. […] Focus on MOH in primary care is important for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

• #76 Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0875-x

  Medication overuse in primary headache disorders is a worldwide phenomenon and has a role in the chronification of headache disorders. […] The burden of disease on individuals and societies is significant due to high costs and comorbidities. […] The prevalence of chronic headache is 4% to 5%, with an incidence of 3% per year. […] Prevalence rates for MOH in the general population level are situated between 1 and 2%, with a range between 0.5% and 7.2%. […] MOH is estimated to affect around 63 million people worldwide. […] The prevalence of medication overuse is higher in studies from headache specialist centers, with numbers ranging from 30% to 50% of patients. […] A systematic review of epidemiological studies found that MOH is most common among middle-aged adults from 30 to 50 years of age, and predominant in females in the majority of studies.

• #77 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #78 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a pattern of chronic daily headaches, in a patient with a pre-existing headache condition, caused by regular and excessive use of symptomatic and acute headache medications for 3 months or more. It is a secondary disorder in that it is caused by the very medications a patient uses to treat his or her headaches. Approximately 50% of patients with chronic headache have MOH and the overall prevalence is 1% to 2%. The condition is more common in midlife, and less so among children and elderly. It is more than 3 times more common in women than in men and is thought to be one of the costliest headache disorders, with the majority of the cost being indirect from lost productivity and absenteeism from work. Risk factors for MOH include low socioeconomic status, higher body mass index, and anxiety and depression.

• #79

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-023-00545-x

  Overuse of medication to treat migraine attacks can lead to development of a new type of headache or significant worsening of pre-existing headache, known as medication overuse headache. However, data concerning the burden of medication overuse (MO) in migraine are limited. This study aimed to assess the humanistic burden of MO in individuals with migraine from five European countries. […] Among individuals with migraine, humanistic burden (SF-12v2, SF-6D, EQ-5D, and MIDAS) was higher in individuals who reported MO (n=431) versus no MO (n=3554), even after adjustment for confounding variables (p<0.001 for all measures). [...] Among people with migraine, those who report MO face a greater humanistic burden than those without MO, irrespective of headache frequency. [...] The results show that among people with migraine, those who report medication overuse face a greater humanistic burden (lower health-related quality of life and health status, and greater migraine-related disability) than those who do not report medication overuse, irrespective of headache frequency.

• #80

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-023-00545-x

  Overuse of medication to treat migraine attacks can lead to development of a new type of headache or significant worsening of pre-existing headache, known as medication overuse headache. However, data concerning the burden of medication overuse (MO) in migraine are limited. This study aimed to assess the humanistic burden of MO in individuals with migraine from five European countries. […] Among individuals with migraine, humanistic burden (SF-12v2, SF-6D, EQ-5D, and MIDAS) was higher in individuals who reported MO (n=431) versus no MO (n=3554), even after adjustment for confounding variables (p<0.001 for all measures). [...] Among people with migraine, those who report MO face a greater humanistic burden than those without MO, irrespective of headache frequency. [...] The results show that among people with migraine, those who report medication overuse face a greater humanistic burden (lower health-related quality of life and health status, and greater migraine-related disability) than those who do not report medication overuse, irrespective of headache frequency.

• #81 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Although virtually all drugs used for acute or symptomatic treatment of headache can cause MOH, and over-the-counter NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and combination analgesics are most frequently used, patients requiring secondary or tertiary care are more likely to be taking centrally acting drugs such as opioids, triptans, butalbital-containing combination pills, and over-the-counter combination products such as Excedrin (acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine). The most likely medications causing MOH varies geographically and over time. […] Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence.

• #82 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #83 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Although virtually all drugs used for acute or symptomatic treatment of headache can cause MOH, and over-the-counter NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and combination analgesics are most frequently used, patients requiring secondary or tertiary care are more likely to be taking centrally acting drugs such as opioids, triptans, butalbital-containing combination pills, and over-the-counter combination products such as Excedrin (acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine). The most likely medications causing MOH varies geographically and over time. […] Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence.

• #84 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #85 Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66906-0

  The importance of effective treatment strategies for MOH is becoming more widely recognized in the neurology and headache communities. Therefore, establishing effective treatment strategies to reduce the patients burden and alleviate the socioeconomic impact of MOH is of great importance. […] Recently, as part of the Registry for Load and Management of MEdicAtion OveruSE Headache (RELEASE) study, we reported that some clinical characteristics of MOH differed significantly according to the classes of overused medications at baseline. Patients who overused multiple drug classes presented with more severe clinical characteristics, including a shorter interval between chronic daily headache (CDH) and MOH onset, more days of using acute medications, and more emergency room visits compared with the MOH groups who overused single medication classes.

• #86 Medication overuse headache: strategies for prevention and treatment using a multidisciplinary approach | HKMJ

  https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v24n6/617.htm

  Medication overuse headache, which affects patients who have migraines and frequent headaches, is prevalent worldwide and can severely impact daily functioning. […] The estimated prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) in the general population ranges from 0.6% to 7%. […] A number of acute headache treatments may cause MOH, and the medications that are predominantly associated with MOH vary from country to country. […] Patients with frequent episodic migraines (headaches on 8-15 days per month) or chronic migraines (headaches on 15 days per month) are at particular risk of developing MOH. […] There is an urgent need for increased awareness of MOH among both patients and health care professionals. […] Medication overuse headache causes considerable morbidity but is preventable. […] A multidisciplinary approach involving primary care physicians (GPs), community pharmacists, nurses, and allied health providers, with referral to neurologists/headache specialists (where available) for complex cases, is recommended.

• #87 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  The procedures for detoxification vary substantially and include both in-patient (2 days to 2 weeks) and out-patient withdrawal. […] Most patients experience withdrawal symptoms lasting 2-10 days after detoxification. […] Studies from clinical settings have reported a 20-40% relapse rate of detoxified patients within the first year after withdrawal. […] Some studies have found that most MOH patients do not know about the relationship between medication overuse and headache chronification. […] MOH is a worldwide public health problem.

• #88 SciELO Brazil – Medication overuse headache and awareness Medication overuse headache and awareness

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/HnnFwfp43Y86QbvCfk5PPjr/

  Medication overuse headache (MOH) is the worsening of an underlying headache due to the overuse of its acute treatment. […] Health professionals play an important role in preventing this increasingly frequent and difficult-to-treat condition. […] A total of 312 medical doctors were surveyed, including 198 (63.5%) from internal medical sciences, 81 (26%) from surgical medical sciences, and 33 (10.5%) from basic medical sciences. Half of the physicians in our sample were unaware of MOH. Our results showed that awareness of MOH was quite low even among medical doctors. […] The most important factor in the development of MOH is the lack of awareness and understanding on the part of patients and physicians. […] Our results showed that MOH awareness among medical doctors was quite low. Only half of the physicians were aware of this condition.

• #89 SciELO Brazil – Medication overuse headache and awareness Medication overuse headache and awareness

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/HnnFwfp43Y86QbvCfk5PPjr/

  In a study conducted in adults with home interviews in Turkey, the prevalence of MOH was 2.2% in women and 0.6% in men. […] MOH is found in 4% of patients who come to neurology outpatient clinics with headaches in Turkey. […] Although access to drugs is easier for physicians, 40.4% of participants used drugs only 1-2 days per month, and 37.5% used in less than 1 day per month. […] In our study, it was observed that simple analgesics were used more frequently, and ergotamine, triptan, opioid, and combined analgesics were used less frequently. […] The primary approach in MOH management is based on the discontinuation of overused medication. […] Increased international awareness about the correct use of analgesics is important for prevention efforts against MOH. […] Prevention of MHO, which leads to both material losses and deterioration of quality of life, should be the main goal, which is not possible without awareness of MOH.

• #90 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  The procedures for detoxification vary substantially and include both in-patient (2 days to 2 weeks) and out-patient withdrawal. […] Most patients experience withdrawal symptoms lasting 2-10 days after detoxification. […] Studies from clinical settings have reported a 20-40% relapse rate of detoxified patients within the first year after withdrawal. […] Some studies have found that most MOH patients do not know about the relationship between medication overuse and headache chronification. […] MOH is a worldwide public health problem.

• #91 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  The most effective method to treat MOH is discontinuation of the medication that is overused and a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, behavioral and physical therapy interventions. […] Use of certain classes of acute medications such as opioids, barbiturate-containing analgesics and butalbital, aspirin and caffeine is associated with increased risk of chronic migraine. […] Medication-overuse headache is a secondary disorder caused by excessive use of acute medications. […] It is defined by the ICDH-3 diagnostic criteria as headache occurring on 15 or more days per month in a patient with a preexisting headache disorder who has been overusing one or more acute treatment drugs for symptomatic treatment of headache for three or more months, and those headaches cannot be accounted for by another diagnosis.

• #92

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/medication_overuse_headache.10.aspx

  The treatment comprises of explaining to the patients about the condition, removing the offending agent, and preventing the recurrence. […] Medication Overuse headache is one of the secondary causes of headache, developing in a patient with the use of symptomatic medications for pain relief which is associated with significant disability worldwide.

• #93 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #94 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  MOH is more common in middle-life and the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2% with a 3:1 female to male ratio. […] The diagnosis for medication-overuse headache is clinical, and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] Discontinuation of overused medication is essential and the treatment of choice for MOH. […] It is important for the patient to know that when the medication overused is discontinued, they may undergo a period where their headaches will get worse. […] The physician will decide if the overused medication will be discontinued abruptly or if it needs to be tapered slowly. […] In certain circumstances, inpatient treatment may be considered so that medication can be tapered in a controlled environment, and prolonged intravenous medications can be used to break the headache cycle.

• #95 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  The procedures for detoxification vary substantially and include both in-patient (2 days to 2 weeks) and out-patient withdrawal. […] Most patients experience withdrawal symptoms lasting 2-10 days after detoxification. […] Studies from clinical settings have reported a 20-40% relapse rate of detoxified patients within the first year after withdrawal. […] Some studies have found that most MOH patients do not know about the relationship between medication overuse and headache chronification. […] MOH is a worldwide public health problem.

• #96 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  The procedures for detoxification vary substantially and include both in-patient (2 days to 2 weeks) and out-patient withdrawal. […] Most patients experience withdrawal symptoms lasting 2-10 days after detoxification. […] Studies from clinical settings have reported a 20-40% relapse rate of detoxified patients within the first year after withdrawal. […] Some studies have found that most MOH patients do not know about the relationship between medication overuse and headache chronification. […] MOH is a worldwide public health problem.

• #97 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  MOH is more common in middle-life and the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2% with a 3:1 female to male ratio. […] The diagnosis for medication-overuse headache is clinical, and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] Discontinuation of overused medication is essential and the treatment of choice for MOH. […] It is important for the patient to know that when the medication overused is discontinued, they may undergo a period where their headaches will get worse. […] The physician will decide if the overused medication will be discontinued abruptly or if it needs to be tapered slowly. […] In certain circumstances, inpatient treatment may be considered so that medication can be tapered in a controlled environment, and prolonged intravenous medications can be used to break the headache cycle.

• #98 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  MOH is more common in middle-life and the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2% with a 3:1 female to male ratio. […] The diagnosis for medication-overuse headache is clinical, and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] Discontinuation of overused medication is essential and the treatment of choice for MOH. […] It is important for the patient to know that when the medication overused is discontinued, they may undergo a period where their headaches will get worse. […] The physician will decide if the overused medication will be discontinued abruptly or if it needs to be tapered slowly. […] In certain circumstances, inpatient treatment may be considered so that medication can be tapered in a controlled environment, and prolonged intravenous medications can be used to break the headache cycle.

• #99 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #100 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  The procedures for detoxification vary substantially and include both in-patient (2 days to 2 weeks) and out-patient withdrawal. […] Most patients experience withdrawal symptoms lasting 2-10 days after detoxification. […] Studies from clinical settings have reported a 20-40% relapse rate of detoxified patients within the first year after withdrawal. […] Some studies have found that most MOH patients do not know about the relationship between medication overuse and headache chronification. […] MOH is a worldwide public health problem.

• #101 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #102 S5:Ep12 – Understanding Medication Overuse Headache (Rebound Headache) – Association of Migraine Disorders

  https://www.migrainedisorders.org/podcast/s5ep12-understanding-medication-overuse-headache-rebound-headaches/

  Medication-overuse headache affects over half of patients with chronic headaches, essentially with those who have headaches on 15 or more days per month, with an estimated 59 million people worldwide who are affected by these headaches. […] There are some studies that have shown there are risk factors for medication overuse. In other words, if you have those risk factors, you are more likely to develop medication-overuse headache. […] Medication-overuse headache is a disabling condition. It’s ranked among the top 20 diseases carrying years of life lost due to disability. […] The prognosis of medication overuse is generally good, with 50% to 70% of patients demonstrating improvement after withdrawal therapy, especially in combination with prevention with medications. However, there may be some patients, like 10% to 40%, who may relapse within 5 years after withdrawal. […] If the person has a medication overuse and has episodic migraine, there’s high likelihood of developing chronic migraine. This has been shown in observational studies.

• #103 Medication overuse headache: strategies for prevention and treatment using a multidisciplinary approach | HKMJ

  https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v24n6/617.htm

  Medication overuse headache, which affects patients who have migraines and frequent headaches, is prevalent worldwide and can severely impact daily functioning. […] The estimated prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) in the general population ranges from 0.6% to 7%. […] A number of acute headache treatments may cause MOH, and the medications that are predominantly associated with MOH vary from country to country. […] Patients with frequent episodic migraines (headaches on 8-15 days per month) or chronic migraines (headaches on 15 days per month) are at particular risk of developing MOH. […] There is an urgent need for increased awareness of MOH among both patients and health care professionals. […] Medication overuse headache causes considerable morbidity but is preventable. […] A multidisciplinary approach involving primary care physicians (GPs), community pharmacists, nurses, and allied health providers, with referral to neurologists/headache specialists (where available) for complex cases, is recommended.

• #104 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  The most effective method to treat MOH is discontinuation of the medication that is overused and a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, behavioral and physical therapy interventions. […] Use of certain classes of acute medications such as opioids, barbiturate-containing analgesics and butalbital, aspirin and caffeine is associated with increased risk of chronic migraine. […] Medication-overuse headache is a secondary disorder caused by excessive use of acute medications. […] It is defined by the ICDH-3 diagnostic criteria as headache occurring on 15 or more days per month in a patient with a preexisting headache disorder who has been overusing one or more acute treatment drugs for symptomatic treatment of headache for three or more months, and those headaches cannot be accounted for by another diagnosis.

• #105 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  Medication-overuse headache is caused by frequent use of abortive medications and is well known to cause chronic daily headache. […] Treatment requires pharmacological and non–pharmacological therapies to effectively break the headache cycle. […] It is important to know that intake of medications for acute treatment should be limited to less than two times per week. […] Patients should remember to contact their physicians and let them know if they need to take medications for acute treatment frequently so that the appropriate management can be done and the onset of medication overuse headaches can be avoided.

• #106 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2018-feb/medication-overuse-headache

  MOH, by definition, occurs only in individuals who already have a headache disorder. It does not occur de novo without history of headache. The majority of patients with MOH also have migraines or tension-type headache. Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence. […] With treatment, 72% of patients have at least 50% fewer headaches within 1 to 6 months. Relapse is relatively high at 31%, 41%, and 45% at 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, respectively. The high rate of relapse and high cost of MOH makes prevention of great importance. Use of acute medications in patients with episodic and chronic migraine should be carefully limited.

• #107 Medication overuse headache – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/medication-overuse-headache/

  Identify patients at risk and educate on the risk of MOH and recommended headache management strategies. […] Optimize abortive and preventive management of patients with chronic headache disorders. […] Limit the use of headache symptomatic medications to no more than 2 days per week. […] Avoid previously overused medication classes.

• #108 Medication overuse headache – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/medication-overuse-headache/

  Identify patients at risk and educate on the risk of MOH and recommended headache management strategies. […] Optimize abortive and preventive management of patients with chronic headache disorders. […] Limit the use of headache symptomatic medications to no more than 2 days per week. […] Avoid previously overused medication classes.

• #109 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  Medication-overuse headache is caused by frequent use of abortive medications and is well known to cause chronic daily headache. […] Treatment requires pharmacological and non–pharmacological therapies to effectively break the headache cycle. […] It is important to know that intake of medications for acute treatment should be limited to less than two times per week. […] Patients should remember to contact their physicians and let them know if they need to take medications for acute treatment frequently so that the appropriate management can be done and the onset of medication overuse headaches can be avoided.

• #110 Medication overuse headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/medication-overuse-headache/

  Medication overuse headache (MOH), is a headache that results from the frequent use of acute medicines or painkillers, such as triptans, ergotamines, opiates, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol. […] It develops in people with a primary headache disorder, such as migraine (or a family history of migraine), usually with headache on 15 or more days per month. The medicine itself causes more headaches, which are sometimes referred to as ‘rebound headaches’. […] Your doctor may diagnose MOH if you are regularly taking high levels of acute medicines (painkillers) for at least three months. […] Making sure you don’t regularly take painkillers on more than two days a week will reduce your risk of developing MOH. […] A high-level use of painkillers on a regular basis increases the risk of MOH and a vicious cycle can develop.

• #111 Medication overuse headache – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/medication-overuse-headache/

  Identify patients at risk and educate on the risk of MOH and recommended headache management strategies. […] Optimize abortive and preventive management of patients with chronic headache disorders. […] Limit the use of headache symptomatic medications to no more than 2 days per week. […] Avoid previously overused medication classes.

• #112 Medication overuse headache – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/medication-overuse-headache/

  Identify patients at risk and educate on the risk of MOH and recommended headache management strategies. […] Optimize abortive and preventive management of patients with chronic headache disorders. […] Limit the use of headache symptomatic medications to no more than 2 days per week. […] Avoid previously overused medication classes.

• #113 Medication overuse headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/medication-overuse-headache/

  In medication-overuse headache, a dull constant headache is present on most days or a part of every day. […] The overuse of painkillers may also reduce the effectiveness of preventive migraine medications. […] The treatment is to stop the medicines that are being taken at a high level and to manage the underlying migraine attacks differently. […] If people have very frequent migraine attacks a preventive treatment is usually recommended. These can reduce the number of attacks, so that fewer painkillers are needed and reduce the likelihood of medication overuse headache.

• #114 Stephen Silberstein, MD: Treating Medication Overuse Headache

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/stephen-silberstein-treating-medication-overuse-headache

  Medication overuse headache has been estimated to impact up to 2% of the worldwide population disorders. […] Some literature has begun to dispute this. […] To discuss what this means for the clinical approach to managing patients who have developed medication overuse headache, NeurologyLive spoke with Silberstein about the effect of fremanezumab versus placebo on medication overuse and acute headache medication use in patients with chronic migraine. […] 1. Kristoffersen ES, Lundqvist C. Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(2):87-99. doi: 10.1177/2042098614522683.

• #115 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #116 Medication overuse headache: strategies for prevention and treatment using a multidisciplinary approach | HKMJ

  https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v24n6/617.htm

  Medication overuse headache, which affects patients who have migraines and frequent headaches, is prevalent worldwide and can severely impact daily functioning. […] The estimated prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) in the general population ranges from 0.6% to 7%. […] A number of acute headache treatments may cause MOH, and the medications that are predominantly associated with MOH vary from country to country. […] Patients with frequent episodic migraines (headaches on 8-15 days per month) or chronic migraines (headaches on 15 days per month) are at particular risk of developing MOH. […] There is an urgent need for increased awareness of MOH among both patients and health care professionals. […] Medication overuse headache causes considerable morbidity but is preventable. […] A multidisciplinary approach involving primary care physicians (GPs), community pharmacists, nurses, and allied health providers, with referral to neurologists/headache specialists (where available) for complex cases, is recommended.

• #117 Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4110872/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and a public health problem with a worldwide prevalence of 12%. […] The prevalence of MOH in the general population is 12%. […] The male : female ratio is 1 : 34 and it is most prevalent in the forties. […] The prevalence of MOH in children and adolescents has been suggested to be 0.30-0.5%. […] MOH generally starts earlier in life than other types of chronic headache. […] While OTC drugs are the most commonly overused headache medications in primary care, secondary and tertiary care have a greater proportion of MOH patients who overuse more potent, centrally acting drugs. […] The drugs involved in MOH change over time and from region to region. […] The treatment of MOH is often complex and withdrawal of the overused medication is recognised as the treatment of choice.

• #118 Medication-Overuse Headache

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/medication-overuse-headache/30281/

  Although virtually all drugs used for acute or symptomatic treatment of headache can cause MOH, and over-the-counter NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and combination analgesics are most frequently used, patients requiring secondary or tertiary care are more likely to be taking centrally acting drugs such as opioids, triptans, butalbital-containing combination pills, and over-the-counter combination products such as Excedrin (acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine). The most likely medications causing MOH varies geographically and over time. […] Left untreated, MOH contributes to the development of a chronic and refractory character to headaches, which become less responsive to both preventive and acute medications. This leads to profound disability and poor quality of life. Patients with MOH are also at risk of other, non-headache-related complications secondary to the frequent use of acute medications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, and addiction and dependence.

• #119 SciELO Brazil – Medication overuse headache and awareness Medication overuse headache and awareness

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/HnnFwfp43Y86QbvCfk5PPjr/

  In a study conducted in adults with home interviews in Turkey, the prevalence of MOH was 2.2% in women and 0.6% in men. […] MOH is found in 4% of patients who come to neurology outpatient clinics with headaches in Turkey. […] Although access to drugs is easier for physicians, 40.4% of participants used drugs only 1-2 days per month, and 37.5% used in less than 1 day per month. […] In our study, it was observed that simple analgesics were used more frequently, and ergotamine, triptan, opioid, and combined analgesics were used less frequently. […] The primary approach in MOH management is based on the discontinuation of overused medication. […] Increased international awareness about the correct use of analgesics is important for prevention efforts against MOH. […] Prevention of MHO, which leads to both material losses and deterioration of quality of life, should be the main goal, which is not possible without awareness of MOH.

• #120 Prevalence of medication overuse headache in an interdisciplinary pain clinic | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-4

  The conclusion that we can draw from this controversy is that in some headache patients the headache will chronify as a consequence of the medication overuse, while in others the chronification is caused by other factors. […] Comorbid depression, history of migration, history of headache and have been identified as independently associated factors for analgesic overuse in general, this is in line with previous studies. […] In summary, our study showed that MOH might be more prevalent in chronic pain patients than previously suggested.

• #121 Stephen Silberstein, MD: Treating Medication Overuse Headache

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/stephen-silberstein-treating-medication-overuse-headache

  Medication overuse headache has been estimated to impact up to 2% of the worldwide population disorders. […] Some literature has begun to dispute this. […] To discuss what this means for the clinical approach to managing patients who have developed medication overuse headache, NeurologyLive spoke with Silberstein about the effect of fremanezumab versus placebo on medication overuse and acute headache medication use in patients with chronic migraine. […] 1. Kristoffersen ES, Lundqvist C. Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(2):87-99. doi: 10.1177/2042098614522683.

• #122 Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66906-0

  The importance of effective treatment strategies for MOH is becoming more widely recognized in the neurology and headache communities. Therefore, establishing effective treatment strategies to reduce the patients burden and alleviate the socioeconomic impact of MOH is of great importance. […] Recently, as part of the Registry for Load and Management of MEdicAtion OveruSE Headache (RELEASE) study, we reported that some clinical characteristics of MOH differed significantly according to the classes of overused medications at baseline. Patients who overused multiple drug classes presented with more severe clinical characteristics, including a shorter interval between chronic daily headache (CDH) and MOH onset, more days of using acute medications, and more emergency room visits compared with the MOH groups who overused single medication classes.

• #123 Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66906-0

  In particular, the frequency of MOH patients overusing multiple classes of drugs (30.1%) and triptans (21.8%) is high, making the class of overused medication an important issue in MOH management. […] We hypothesized that significant variations in the 3-month outcomes would be observed based on the classes of overused medications, the pattern of their usage, and the type of preventive treatment administered. […] The main findings of this 3-month prospective observational study are as follows: (1) A significant improvement in MOH was observed at the 3-month follow-up from baseline. This improvement was consistent regardless of the classes and use of overused medications and types of preventive treatments. (2) Some clinical characteristics at 3 months including headache and severe headache days per month, pharmacy visits per month, as well as HIT-6, MIDAS, and MSQ scores, exhibited significant differences according to the classes and use of overused medications and types of preventive treatments. (3) The classes and use of overused medications and types of preventive treatment showed significant interactions with some clinical characteristics of MOH at the 3-month mark. Specifically, patients overusing multiple drug classes experienced a higher impact of headaches than those overusing combined analgesics at baseline and 3 months.

• #124 Are Medication Overuse Headaches Associated With NSAIDs?

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/823780

  Starling and colleagues examined the evidence for MOH risk associated with NSAID use in patients with migraine. They found that acute NSAID use was associated with development of MOH in patients with a high baseline frequency of migraine, but might be protective in patients with low baseline migraine frequency. […] Although causality of NSAIDs and headache progression has not been established, patients having 10-14 headache days per month may be at risk for MOH with NSAID therapy.

• #125 Headache from Medication Overuse | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/medication-overuse/

  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic daily headache and a secondary disorder in which acute medications used excessively causes headache in a headache-prone patient. […] MOH is clinical diagnosis and a history of analgesic use more than two to three days per week in a patient with chronic daily headache is indicatory of this diagnosis. […] MOH most commonly occurs in people with primary headache disorders like migraine, cluster, or tension-type headaches using less effective or nonspecific medications resulting in inadequate treatment response and redosing. […] MOH development is linked to baseline frequency of headache days per month, acute medication class ingested, frequency of acute medications ingested, and other risk factors. […] Medication overuse headache has been found to render headaches refractory to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological prophylactic medications, and also reduces the efficacy of acute abortive therapy for migraines.

• #126 Medication overuse headache – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/medication-overuse-headache/

  In medication-overuse headache, a dull constant headache is present on most days or a part of every day. […] The overuse of painkillers may also reduce the effectiveness of preventive migraine medications. […] The treatment is to stop the medicines that are being taken at a high level and to manage the underlying migraine attacks differently. […] If people have very frequent migraine attacks a preventive treatment is usually recommended. These can reduce the number of attacks, so that fewer painkillers are needed and reduce the likelihood of medication overuse headache.

• #127 Three-month treatment outcome of medication-overuse headache according to classes of overused medications, use of acute medications, and preventive treatments | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66906-0

  The present study validated previous reports that MOH treatment significantly improved patients disability and quality of life and clinical characteristics of headaches, regardless of the classes of overused medications. […] The present study highlighted that patients who maintained their use of overused acute medications had less favorable outcomes than those who discontinued or reduced their use of overused acute medications. This finding implies that stopping or reducing the use of overused medications could be more beneficial than maintaining medication use for the treatment of MOH.

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