Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #2 Hantavirus Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/arboviruses-arenaviridae-and-filoviridae/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in the United States, primarily in the southwestern states, Canada, primarily in western provinces, and in South America and Panama. It begins as a flu-like illness and, within days, causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Diagnosis is with serologic tests and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The more severe forms have a case fatality rate of up to 50%. Treatment is supportive. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome begins as a nonspecific flu-like illness, with acute fever, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two to 15 days later (median 4 days), patients rapidly develop noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypotension. […] Patients with HPS who survive the first few days improve rapidly and recover completely over 2 to 3 weeks, often without sequelae. The more severe forms of HPS have a case fatality rate of up to 50%.

• #3 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become life-threatening. Severe disease can result in failure of the heart to deliver oxygen to the body. Each strain of the virus differs in severity. The death rate due to the strain carried by deer mice ranges from 30% to 50%. […] Specific treatment options for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are limited. But the prognosis improves with early recognition, immediate hospitalization and adequate support for breathing.

• #4 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #5 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses rapidly to more severe disease. […] The time from infection with the hantavirus to the start of illness is usually about 2 to 3 weeks. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome advances through two distinct stages. In the first stage, which can last for several days, the most common signs and symptoms are: Fever and chills, Muscle aches or pain, Headache. […] As the disease progresses, it can lead to damaged lung tissues, fluid build-up in the lungs, and serious problems with lung and heart function. Signs and symptoms may include: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Low blood pressure, Irregular heart rate. […] The signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can worsen suddenly and may quickly become life-threatening. If you have flu-like symptoms that progressively worsen over a few days, see your health care provider. Get immediate medical care if you have trouble breathing.

• #6 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses rapidly to more severe disease. It can lead to life-threatening lung and heart problems. […] The time from infection with the hantavirus to the start of illness is usually about 2 to 3 weeks. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome advances through two distinct stages. In the first stage, which can last for several days, the most common signs and symptoms are: Fever and chills, Muscle aches or pain, Headache. […] As the disease progresses, it can lead to damaged lung tissues, fluid build-up in the lungs, and serious problems with lung and heart function. Signs and symptoms may include: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Low blood pressure, Irregular heart rate. […] The signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can worsen suddenly and may quickly become life-threatening. If you have flu-like symptoms that progressively worsen over a few days, see your health care provider. Get immediate medical care if you have trouble breathing.

• #7 FAQs • What are the symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrom

  https://klickitatcounty.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=158

  What are the symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and how long after infection do they appear? Symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome usually appear within 2 weeks of infection but can appear as early as 3 days to and as late as 6 weeks after infection. First symptoms are general and flu-like. They can include: fever (101-104 F), headache, abdominal, joint and lower back pain. Sometimes nausea and vomiting also occur. The primary symptom of this disease is difficulty in breathing, which is caused by fluid build-up in the lungs and quickly progresses to an inability to breathe. […] If any combination of the symptoms described above, especially difficulty in breathing, appear after direct or indirect exposure to rodents, contact your doctor or local public health office (i.e. health district/department) immediately and be sure to mention your exposure to rodents.

• #8 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  HPS symptoms occur about 1 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three distinct phases. First, there is an early phase with flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, headache, and shortness of breath, as well as low platelet count. Second, there is cardiopulmonary phase during which people experience elevated or irregular heart rate, cardiogenic shock, and pulmonary capillary leakage, which can lead to respiratory failure, low blood pressure, and buildup of fluid in the lungs and chest cavity. The final phase is recovery, which typically takes months, but difficulties with breathing can persist for up to two years. The disease has a case fatality rate of 30 to 60 percent. Death usually occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase. […] Prodromal symptoms last for 15 days and include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chills, coughing, and shortness of breath (dyspnea), as well as low platelet count in the blood (thrombocytopenia). Within 10 days, the cardiopulmonary phase begins and lasts for several days. It is marked by elevated heart rate (tachycardia), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and cardiogenic shock, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood for the body. Pulmonary capillary leakage can lead to respiratory failure, buildup of fluids in the lungs (pulmonary edema), low blood pressure (hypotension), and buildup of fluid in the chest cavity between the lungs and chest wall (pleural effusion).

• #9 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a viral disease that spreads through infected mice and rats. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue and aches. Later symptoms include trouble breathing and a rapid heartbeat. Treatment may include oxygen therapy, medications, ventilation and dialysis. […] It progresses quickly and can be fatal. […] The second phase of HPS develops quickly and produces the first signs. They include: Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.33 degrees Celsius). Chills. Fatigue. Muscle aches, especially around your thighs, hips and back. Stomach pain. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea. Rash. Dry cough and trouble breathing. Headache. Dizziness. […] About four to 10 days after early HPS symptoms start, the third phase of symptoms begins. This stage can be severe. It may involve: Internal bleeding. Your lungs filling up with fluid.

• #10 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #11 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a viral disease that spreads through infected mice and rats. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue and aches. Later symptoms include trouble breathing and a rapid heartbeat. Treatment may include oxygen therapy, medications, ventilation and dialysis. […] It progresses quickly and can be fatal. […] The second phase of HPS develops quickly and produces the first signs. They include: Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.33 degrees Celsius). Chills. Fatigue. Muscle aches, especially around your thighs, hips and back. Stomach pain. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea. Rash. Dry cough and trouble breathing. Headache. Dizziness. […] About four to 10 days after early HPS symptoms start, the third phase of symptoms begins. This stage can be severe. It may involve: Internal bleeding. Your lungs filling up with fluid.

• #12 Hantavirus | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/hantavirus

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in the U.S. with most of the cases being associated with Sin Nombre virus (SNV). […] Symptoms: during the 3 to 5 day prodrome are non-specific flu-like symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups. Gastrointestinal manifestations or dizziness may also occur. […] As the disease progresses, symptoms can include cough and shortness of breath as the lungs fill with fluid. Once the cardiopulmonary phase begins, the disease progresses rapidly, necessitating hospitalization and often assisted ventilation within 24 hours. […] Complications of HPS include an acute febrile illness that progresses rapidly to severe respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS) and shock. The mortality rate is still not well known but appears to be approximately 40%. For survivors, recovery from the acute illness is rapid with apparent restoration of normal lung function.

• #13 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a viral disease that spreads through infected mice and rats. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue and aches. Later symptoms include trouble breathing and a rapid heartbeat. Treatment may include oxygen therapy, medications, ventilation and dialysis. […] It progresses quickly and can be fatal. […] The second phase of HPS develops quickly and produces the first signs. They include: Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.33 degrees Celsius). Chills. Fatigue. Muscle aches, especially around your thighs, hips and back. Stomach pain. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea. Rash. Dry cough and trouble breathing. Headache. Dizziness. […] About four to 10 days after early HPS symptoms start, the third phase of symptoms begins. This stage can be severe. It may involve: Internal bleeding. Your lungs filling up with fluid.

• #14 Centre for Health Protection – Hantavirus Infection

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/3057.html

  In HPS, early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle ache, especially in the thighs, hips, back and sometimes shoulders. […] There may also be headache, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. […] Respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath may appear 4 to 10 days later. […] A mortality rate of as high as about 40% was reported. […] Symptoms may start to develop around 1 to 8 weeks after exposure.

• #15 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #16 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS, Orthohantavirus): Causes, Transmission, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome/article.htm

  The symptoms and signs of HPS fall into early and late stages. […] Early HPS signs and symptoms begin about one to five weeks after the person contacts hantavirus associated with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. The early symptoms are flu-like, last about four to 10 days, and include: fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, especially large muscles in the legs, back, and hips. […] Almost every infected person develops these symptoms. Other symptoms of HPS that may occur in about half of infected patients include: abdominal pain (with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), headaches, chills, and dizziness. […] Late symptoms of HPS occur about four to 10 days after the early symptoms and include: coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath that can become severe. […] Some infected people may develop hemorrhagic fever and kidney failure that may require dialysis (HFRS or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome).

• #17 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #18 Early and Later Hantavirus Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, Death Rate

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hantavirus/article_em.htm

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a respiratory disease that is a severe form of the infection and can be fatal. […] Early signs and symptoms of HPS for about half of people with HPS include fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the hips, thighs, back, occasionally, the shoulders, headaches, chills, abdominal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Later signs and symptoms of HPS include coughing and the sensation of tightness around the chest and being smothered. […] People can easily mistake the signs and symptoms of hantavirus for the flu. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Late stage symptoms of HPS include cough and shortness of breath. Heart and lung failure may occur. […] The mortality rate for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is relatively high. HPS is fatal in 38% of cases, so early recognition of infection is important. The earlier the intervention, the better the prognosis, and those who survive usually recover quickly.

• #19 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Early symptoms of HPS in people resemble many other respiratory illnesses, making HPS difficult to diagnose at illness onset. […] HPS initially causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing. It’s important for people with HPS to begin treatment as early as possible to improve their chances of recovery. HPS is fatal in nearly 4 in 10 people who are infected. […] Within 24 hours of initial evaluation, most HPS patients develop some degree of hypotension. They also experience progressive evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia, usually requiring mechanical ventilation. […] Patients with fatal infections often appear to have severe myocardial depression that progresses to sinus bradycardia with subsequent electromechanical dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, or fibrillation.

• #20

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Hantavirus-Pulmonary-Syndrome.aspx

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was first identified in 1993 when an outbreak of this infectious lung disease took place in the southwestern United States. The majority of cases of HPS occur during the spring and summer, mostly in rural areas. Although it is a relatively uncommon infection, it can be deadly. […] In the first 3 to 7 days of HPS, many of its symptoms resemble those of a severe cold, the flu, or a gastrointestinal disease. […] After the first few days, respiratory difficulties begin abruptly and can progress rapidly. People with the infection will develop a condition called adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in which the lungs lose their ability to move oxygen to the blood. Patients may develop a cough and shortness of the breath. Very quickly every organ of the body is affected. […] About 45% of patients with HPS die from the infection. However, early identification and supportive care in the hospital will help the majority of infected people recover from this dangerous syndrome.

• #21 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #22 Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2810485/

  HPS, caused by New-World hantaviruses, has been associated with a much higher rate of fatal illness. The illness is characterized by fever and vascular leakage resulting in noncar-diogenic pulmonary edema followed in severe cases by shock with lactic acidosis, a low cardiac index and elevated systemic vascular resistance. […] The clinical course can be broken into five distinct phases, with some variation in incidence and severity of symptoms among patients. Following the incubation period, the patient develops a prodrome of fever, myalgia, and progressively worsening thrombocytopenia, often accompanied by headache, back pain, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. […] The cardiopulmonary phase typically begins with cough, shortness of breath and the development of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates as well as the development of typical abnormalities in peripheral blood smear findings that may allow clinicians to establish a presumptive diagnosis with a high degree of confidence.

• #23 Early and Later Hantavirus Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, Death Rate

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hantavirus/article_em.htm

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a respiratory disease that is a severe form of the infection and can be fatal. […] Early signs and symptoms of HPS for about half of people with HPS include fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the hips, thighs, back, occasionally, the shoulders, headaches, chills, abdominal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Later signs and symptoms of HPS include coughing and the sensation of tightness around the chest and being smothered. […] People can easily mistake the signs and symptoms of hantavirus for the flu. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Late stage symptoms of HPS include cough and shortness of breath. Heart and lung failure may occur. […] The mortality rate for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is relatively high. HPS is fatal in 38% of cases, so early recognition of infection is important. The earlier the intervention, the better the prognosis, and those who survive usually recover quickly.

• #24 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses rapidly to more severe disease. It can lead to life-threatening lung and heart problems. […] The time from infection with the hantavirus to the start of illness is usually about 2 to 3 weeks. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome advances through two distinct stages. In the first stage, which can last for several days, the most common signs and symptoms are: Fever and chills, Muscle aches or pain, Headache. […] As the disease progresses, it can lead to damaged lung tissues, fluid build-up in the lungs, and serious problems with lung and heart function. Signs and symptoms may include: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Low blood pressure, Irregular heart rate. […] The signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can worsen suddenly and may quickly become life-threatening. If you have flu-like symptoms that progressively worsen over a few days, see your health care provider. Get immediate medical care if you have trouble breathing.

• #25 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513243/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare yet serious pulmonary condition marked by pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension. HPS presents with fevers, myalgia, and severe respiratory compromise, with up to 40% mortality. The need for mechanical ventilation is common shortly upon disease onset. […] Usual presentations start around 7 to 39 days after viral exposure, and initial symptoms include a prodrome of headache, myalgia, vomiting, and abdominal pain. About 3 to 6 days after the initial prodromal phase, respiratory compromise can quickly develop, involving dyspnea, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Respiratory compromise often occurs within 48 hours and rapidly turns into respiratory failure. […] Despite appropriate treatment in the intensive care unit, around one-third of patients will die in the first 48 hours after admission. However, almost half of the patients admitted with Hantavirus will not require mechanical ventilation via intubation if appropriately managed with judicious fluids and close monitoring.

• #26 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Signs that you’re entering this phase include: Coughing. Trouble breathing. Rapid heartbeat. Chest tightness. […] If you survive the first few days of late-stage HPS symptoms, you should start to feel better in a few weeks. […] Most people with HPS fully recover with no lasting effects after it’s treated.

• #27 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #28 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (U.S. National Park Service)

  https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome.htm

  Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is a sometimes fatal, respiratory disease caused by a virus transmitted by some species of rodents. […] The time from the initial exposure to the appearance of symptoms can be 18 weeks, with most cases developing symptoms within 3 weeks of exposure. Early symptoms of HPS include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, and may also include headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Four to 10 days after the initial phase, late symptoms of coughing and difficulty breathing appear. The mortality rate of HPS is 38%. […] Diagnosing hantavirus can be initially difficult because symptoms can be similar to other illnesses.

• #29 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Early symptoms of HPS in people resemble many other respiratory illnesses, making HPS difficult to diagnose at illness onset. […] HPS initially causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing. It’s important for people with HPS to begin treatment as early as possible to improve their chances of recovery. HPS is fatal in nearly 4 in 10 people who are infected. […] Within 24 hours of initial evaluation, most HPS patients develop some degree of hypotension. They also experience progressive evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia, usually requiring mechanical ventilation. […] Patients with fatal infections often appear to have severe myocardial depression that progresses to sinus bradycardia with subsequent electromechanical dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, or fibrillation.

• #30 Hantavirus Infection: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe flu-like illness followed by acute pulmonary inflammation leading to respiratory failure caused by acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. It has a mortality rate of about 40-50%. […] The cardiopulmonary phase is characterised by rapid deterioration over 24 hours. […] There is cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary oedema. Patients develop dyspnoea, non-productive cough, and circulatory collapse. This stage lasts only 24-48 hours. 75% of patients with pulmonary oedema require mechanical ventilation. […] Those who recover may do so rapidly. Resolution of the cardiopulmonary stage of HPS is heralded by the onset of the significant diuresis. […] Early diagnosis is difficult, as symptoms resemble many other viral infections. […] HPS has a mortality of 40-50%. […] Symptomatic recovery is usually complete, although some survivors have reported persisting myalgia, weight gain and persisting tiredness. Some studies suggest that survivors of HPS have persisting renal sequelae, including chronic kidney disease.

• #31 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  HPS symptoms occur about 1 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three distinct phases. First, there is an early phase with flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, headache, and shortness of breath, as well as low platelet count. Second, there is cardiopulmonary phase during which people experience elevated or irregular heart rate, cardiogenic shock, and pulmonary capillary leakage, which can lead to respiratory failure, low blood pressure, and buildup of fluid in the lungs and chest cavity. The final phase is recovery, which typically takes months, but difficulties with breathing can persist for up to two years. The disease has a case fatality rate of 30 to 60 percent. Death usually occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase. […] Prodromal symptoms last for 15 days and include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chills, coughing, and shortness of breath (dyspnea), as well as low platelet count in the blood (thrombocytopenia). Within 10 days, the cardiopulmonary phase begins and lasts for several days. It is marked by elevated heart rate (tachycardia), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and cardiogenic shock, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood for the body. Pulmonary capillary leakage can lead to respiratory failure, buildup of fluids in the lungs (pulmonary edema), low blood pressure (hypotension), and buildup of fluid in the chest cavity between the lungs and chest wall (pleural effusion).

• #32 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Early symptoms of HPS in people resemble many other respiratory illnesses, making HPS difficult to diagnose at illness onset. […] HPS initially causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing. It’s important for people with HPS to begin treatment as early as possible to improve their chances of recovery. HPS is fatal in nearly 4 in 10 people who are infected. […] Within 24 hours of initial evaluation, most HPS patients develop some degree of hypotension. They also experience progressive evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia, usually requiring mechanical ventilation. […] Patients with fatal infections often appear to have severe myocardial depression that progresses to sinus bradycardia with subsequent electromechanical dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, or fibrillation.

• #33 Case Study 17: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 17 Patients with a Newly Recognized Disease | Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4795/chapter/29

  Myalgia was the most frequently reported initial symptom. […] Shortness of breath or cough was reported by 13 patients (76 percent) at admission; the cough, which was described as productive by 5 patients, typically preceded respiratory distress. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, or diarrhea) were reported by 13 patients (76 percent); abdominal pain was a prominent symptom in 2. […] The most common physical findings were tachypnea and tachycardia. […] The clinical course of the illness in patients who did not survive was characterized by pulmonary edema accompanied by severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 85 mm Hg), frequently terminating with sinus bradycardia, electromechanical dissociation, or ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. […] The main distinguishing feature of this syndrome is noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

• #34 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Early symptoms of HPS in people resemble many other respiratory illnesses, making HPS difficult to diagnose at illness onset. […] HPS initially causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing. It’s important for people with HPS to begin treatment as early as possible to improve their chances of recovery. HPS is fatal in nearly 4 in 10 people who are infected. […] Within 24 hours of initial evaluation, most HPS patients develop some degree of hypotension. They also experience progressive evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia, usually requiring mechanical ventilation. […] Patients with fatal infections often appear to have severe myocardial depression that progresses to sinus bradycardia with subsequent electromechanical dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, or fibrillation.

• #35 Hantavirus Infection: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe flu-like illness followed by acute pulmonary inflammation leading to respiratory failure caused by acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. It has a mortality rate of about 40-50%. […] The cardiopulmonary phase is characterised by rapid deterioration over 24 hours. […] There is cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary oedema. Patients develop dyspnoea, non-productive cough, and circulatory collapse. This stage lasts only 24-48 hours. 75% of patients with pulmonary oedema require mechanical ventilation. […] Those who recover may do so rapidly. Resolution of the cardiopulmonary stage of HPS is heralded by the onset of the significant diuresis. […] Early diagnosis is difficult, as symptoms resemble many other viral infections. […] HPS has a mortality of 40-50%. […] Symptomatic recovery is usually complete, although some survivors have reported persisting myalgia, weight gain and persisting tiredness. Some studies suggest that survivors of HPS have persisting renal sequelae, including chronic kidney disease.

• #36 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Pulmonary edema and pleural effusions are common, but multiorgan dysfunction syndrome is rarely seen. However, HPS patients sometimes have mildly impaired renal function. Survivors frequently become polyuric during convalescence and improve rapidly. […] Without adequate treatment, most deaths occur in patients with HPS within 24 to 48 hours of the cardiopulmonary phase onset.

• #37

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-to-know-about-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-gene-hackman-wife-betsy-arakawa/

  His wife, 65, likely died about a week before him of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a rare disease often spread by rodents in the Southwest. […] Hantavirus infections can initially cause flu-like symptoms that last roughly three to six days. An infected person can suffer from fever, muscle aches, coughs and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. […] These symptoms can sometimes progress to shortness of breath, heart and lung failure, said Jarrell. This can occur anywhere from one to eight weeks after exposure to excrement from a mouse species that carries hantavirus, she said. […] People suffering from the infection can start to have fluid in and around their lungs about four to 10 days after the initial phase of the illness. The illness can quickly turn life-threatening if that happens. […] „At that point, a person can die very quickly, within 24 to 48 hours, roughly speaking, without medical treatment,” Jarrell said.

• #38 Hantavirus Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/arboviruses-arenaviridae-and-filoviridae/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in the United States, primarily in the southwestern states, Canada, primarily in western provinces, and in South America and Panama. It begins as a flu-like illness and, within days, causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Diagnosis is with serologic tests and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The more severe forms have a case fatality rate of up to 50%. Treatment is supportive. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome begins as a nonspecific flu-like illness, with acute fever, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two to 15 days later (median 4 days), patients rapidly develop noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypotension. […] Patients with HPS who survive the first few days improve rapidly and recover completely over 2 to 3 weeks, often without sequelae. The more severe forms of HPS have a case fatality rate of up to 50%.

• #39 Hantavirus Infection: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe flu-like illness followed by acute pulmonary inflammation leading to respiratory failure caused by acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. It has a mortality rate of about 40-50%. […] The cardiopulmonary phase is characterised by rapid deterioration over 24 hours. […] There is cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary oedema. Patients develop dyspnoea, non-productive cough, and circulatory collapse. This stage lasts only 24-48 hours. 75% of patients with pulmonary oedema require mechanical ventilation. […] Those who recover may do so rapidly. Resolution of the cardiopulmonary stage of HPS is heralded by the onset of the significant diuresis. […] Early diagnosis is difficult, as symptoms resemble many other viral infections. […] HPS has a mortality of 40-50%. […] Symptomatic recovery is usually complete, although some survivors have reported persisting myalgia, weight gain and persisting tiredness. Some studies suggest that survivors of HPS have persisting renal sequelae, including chronic kidney disease.

• #40 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Pulmonary edema and pleural effusions are common, but multiorgan dysfunction syndrome is rarely seen. However, HPS patients sometimes have mildly impaired renal function. Survivors frequently become polyuric during convalescence and improve rapidly. […] Without adequate treatment, most deaths occur in patients with HPS within 24 to 48 hours of the cardiopulmonary phase onset.

• #41 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Signs that you’re entering this phase include: Coughing. Trouble breathing. Rapid heartbeat. Chest tightness. […] If you survive the first few days of late-stage HPS symptoms, you should start to feel better in a few weeks. […] Most people with HPS fully recover with no lasting effects after it’s treated.

• #42 Hantavirus Infection – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/arboviruses-arenaviridae-and-filoviridae/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in the United States, primarily in the southwestern states, Canada, primarily in western provinces, and in South America and Panama. It begins as a flu-like illness and, within days, causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Diagnosis is with serologic tests and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The more severe forms have a case fatality rate of up to 50%. Treatment is supportive. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome begins as a nonspecific flu-like illness, with acute fever, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two to 15 days later (median 4 days), patients rapidly develop noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypotension. […] Patients with HPS who survive the first few days improve rapidly and recover completely over 2 to 3 weeks, often without sequelae. The more severe forms of HPS have a case fatality rate of up to 50%.

• #43 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  While HPS is typically associated with cardiopulmonary symptoms, it may include renal symptoms typically associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), namely acute kidney injury and excess protein in urine (proteinuria), which sometimes occur during the cardiopulmonary phase. During the recovery phase, increased urination (polyuria) occurs as renal function returns. Repeated infections of hantaviruses have not been observed, so recovering from infection likely grants life-long immunity. […] Prognosis for HPS is often poor. The case fatality rate of HPS ranges from 30% to 60%. Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after the onset of illness and occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase of illness. It typically takes a few months to fully recover from illness. Difficulties with breathing, however, can persist for up to two years.

• #44 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become life-threatening. Severe disease can result in failure of the heart to deliver oxygen to the body. Each strain of the virus differs in severity. The death rate due to the strain carried by deer mice ranges from 30% to 50%. […] Specific treatment options for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are limited. But the prognosis improves with early recognition, immediate hospitalization and adequate support for breathing.

• #45 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/hantavirus/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) infection often presents as a flu-like illness, with fever, headache, myalgia, dizziness, nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. This is followed by cough, shortness of breath, and hypotension; pulmonary edema and deterioration of cardiopulmonary function may occur rapidly. Most cases show an elevated hematocrit, hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. The case fatality rate is 3550%. […] Treatment for respiratory symptoms is under the direction of the attending health care provider. No specific treatment or cure. Provide education about the illness and how to prevent exposure.

• #46 About Hantavirus | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/index.html

  Hantaviruses cause two syndromes. Hantaviruses found in the Western Hemisphere, including here in the U.S., can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most common hantavirus that causes HPS in the U.S. is spread by the deer mouse. […] HPS is a severe and potentially deadly disease that affects the lungs. Symptoms of HPS usually start to show 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent. […] Early symptoms can include: fatigue, fever, muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groups like the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. […] About half of all HPS patients also experience: headaches, dizziness, chills, abdominal problems, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Four to 10 days after the initial phase of illness, the late symptoms of HPS appear. These symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. Patients might experience tightness in the chest, as the lungs fill with fluid. […] HPS can be deadly. Thirty-eight percent of people who develop respiratory symptoms may die from the disease.

• #47 What is hantavirus? What to know about Iowa cases of the virus

  https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/health/2025/03/08/what-is-hantavirus-symptoms-treatment-iowa-cases-betsy-arakawa/80861703007/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe and possibly fatal disease that affects the lungs. […] Symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome usually begin 1 to 8 weeks after contact with an infected rodent, the CDC said. Deer mice are the most common spreaders of the virus. […] Early symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome include tiredness, fever and muscle aches. Additional symptoms seen in half of patients include headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. […] Later symptoms, up to four to 10 days after initial symptoms start showing, include coughing and shortness of breath. As fluid builds up in the chest, HPS patients may also feel a tightness in their chest. […] About 38% of those who develop respiratory symptoms die from the disease.

• #48 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  HPS symptoms occur about 1 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three distinct phases. First, there is an early phase with flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, headache, and shortness of breath, as well as low platelet count. Second, there is cardiopulmonary phase during which people experience elevated or irregular heart rate, cardiogenic shock, and pulmonary capillary leakage, which can lead to respiratory failure, low blood pressure, and buildup of fluid in the lungs and chest cavity. The final phase is recovery, which typically takes months, but difficulties with breathing can persist for up to two years. The disease has a case fatality rate of 30 to 60 percent. Death usually occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase. […] Prodromal symptoms last for 15 days and include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain (myalgia), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chills, coughing, and shortness of breath (dyspnea), as well as low platelet count in the blood (thrombocytopenia). Within 10 days, the cardiopulmonary phase begins and lasts for several days. It is marked by elevated heart rate (tachycardia), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and cardiogenic shock, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood for the body. Pulmonary capillary leakage can lead to respiratory failure, buildup of fluids in the lungs (pulmonary edema), low blood pressure (hypotension), and buildup of fluid in the chest cavity between the lungs and chest wall (pleural effusion).

• #49

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/hantavirus-caused-death-betsy-arakawa-wife-gene-hackman-rcna195418

  The fatal, rapidly progressive pulmonary illness can come on very quickly, in hours. That, itself, can become fatal on a very short timeline, Duchin said. […] In its late stages, he added, the illness causes a drop in blood pressure leaky blood vessels and that causes fluid to seep into the lungs and tissues and makes it very difficult to get oxygen and lowers the blood pressure, which is usually the cause of death and severe illness.

• #50 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become life-threatening. Severe disease can result in failure of the heart to deliver oxygen to the body. Each strain of the virus differs in severity. The death rate due to the strain carried by deer mice ranges from 30% to 50%. […] Specific treatment options for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are limited. But the prognosis improves with early recognition, immediate hospitalization and adequate support for breathing.

• #51 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513243/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare yet serious pulmonary condition marked by pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension. HPS presents with fevers, myalgia, and severe respiratory compromise, with up to 40% mortality. The need for mechanical ventilation is common shortly upon disease onset. […] Usual presentations start around 7 to 39 days after viral exposure, and initial symptoms include a prodrome of headache, myalgia, vomiting, and abdominal pain. About 3 to 6 days after the initial prodromal phase, respiratory compromise can quickly develop, involving dyspnea, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Respiratory compromise often occurs within 48 hours and rapidly turns into respiratory failure. […] Despite appropriate treatment in the intensive care unit, around one-third of patients will die in the first 48 hours after admission. However, almost half of the patients admitted with Hantavirus will not require mechanical ventilation via intubation if appropriately managed with judicious fluids and close monitoring.

• #52

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/hantavirus-caused-death-betsy-arakawa-wife-gene-hackman-rcna195418

  In the U.S., when a person is infected, the virus often causes fatigue, fever and muscle aches, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Some people dealing with the infection, called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), can have headaches, dizziness, chills and stomach problems. […] Initially, theres nothing specific that would tell you you have hantavirus. You could think you have Covid or influenza, or just a really bad community acquired infection, Duchin said. […] Dr. Scott Roberts, an assistant professor at Yale School of Medicine, said symptoms can take up to eight weeks to present after an exposure. Its very possible this is missed, he said. […] In the most severe cases, hantaviruses can progress to the lungs and cause a dangerous respiratory disease. Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs.

• #53 Hantavirus shares many symptoms with COVID-19 | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/hantavirus-shares-many-symptoms-with-covid-19

  Hantaviruses are a group of viruses carried by rodents. In North America, hantavirus can cause a rare disease known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, or HPS. It’s a severe, potentially fatal respiratory illness that can also involve the heart and other organs. […] HPS begins with muscle aches, fever, headache and fatigue. Over the course of several days, it progresses to chills, a dry hacking cough, rapid heartbeat and severe shortness of breath. Some people also experience nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. […] HPS is a medical emergency. It has proven fatal in almost 40% of cases. Treatment focuses on managing individual symptoms and must begin as soon as possible. The infection causes the lungs to fill with fluid, so oxygen therapy is needed. In severe cases, patients are put on a ventilator.

• #54 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #55 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #56 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/infectious-diseases/influenza/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/

  Laboratory findings indicate hypoxemia; platelet levels that are initially normal, but may decline later; mild proteinuria; initially normal white blood cell counts that can be followed by marked leukocytosis; prolonged prothrombin time; metabolic acidosis; and slightly elevated creatinine levels (usually 2.5 mg/dL). Detection of hantavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or hantavirus IgM in serum, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine transaminase, increased lactate dehydrogenase, increased hematocrit levels, and detection of a high viral load using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test confirm the diagnosis. […] For patients with HPS, arterial blood gas analyses show low Pao2 even when the fraction of inspired oxygen is high. Most patients require mechanical ventilation due to their severe hypoxemia. The most common cause of death in patients with HPS is cardiac dysrhythmia secondary to refractory hypotension and myocardial dysfunction.

• #57 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/infectious-diseases/influenza/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/

  Laboratory findings indicate hypoxemia; platelet levels that are initially normal, but may decline later; mild proteinuria; initially normal white blood cell counts that can be followed by marked leukocytosis; prolonged prothrombin time; metabolic acidosis; and slightly elevated creatinine levels (usually 2.5 mg/dL). Detection of hantavirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or hantavirus IgM in serum, increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine transaminase, increased lactate dehydrogenase, increased hematocrit levels, and detection of a high viral load using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test confirm the diagnosis. […] For patients with HPS, arterial blood gas analyses show low Pao2 even when the fraction of inspired oxygen is high. Most patients require mechanical ventilation due to their severe hypoxemia. The most common cause of death in patients with HPS is cardiac dysrhythmia secondary to refractory hypotension and myocardial dysfunction.

• #58 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  While HPS is typically associated with cardiopulmonary symptoms, it may include renal symptoms typically associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), namely acute kidney injury and excess protein in urine (proteinuria), which sometimes occur during the cardiopulmonary phase. During the recovery phase, increased urination (polyuria) occurs as renal function returns. Repeated infections of hantaviruses have not been observed, so recovering from infection likely grants life-long immunity. […] Prognosis for HPS is often poor. The case fatality rate of HPS ranges from 30% to 60%. Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after the onset of illness and occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase of illness. It typically takes a few months to fully recover from illness. Difficulties with breathing, however, can persist for up to two years.

• #59 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS, Orthohantavirus): Causes, Transmission, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome/article.htm

  The symptoms and signs of HPS fall into early and late stages. […] Early HPS signs and symptoms begin about one to five weeks after the person contacts hantavirus associated with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. The early symptoms are flu-like, last about four to 10 days, and include: fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, especially large muscles in the legs, back, and hips. […] Almost every infected person develops these symptoms. Other symptoms of HPS that may occur in about half of infected patients include: abdominal pain (with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), headaches, chills, and dizziness. […] Late symptoms of HPS occur about four to 10 days after the early symptoms and include: coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath that can become severe. […] Some infected people may develop hemorrhagic fever and kidney failure that may require dialysis (HFRS or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome).

• #60 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  […] […] The chance of being exposed to hantavirus is higher if you work, play, or live in closed spaces where deer mice are living actively. On rare occasions, some people who have contracted HPS reported that they had not seen mice or their droppings before becoming ill. You should take precautions even if you do not see the deer mice or their droppings. […] […] […] People who live in areas where the virus is present, and who come in close contact with the saliva, urine, droppings or nests of deer mice, may be at risk of catching the virus. However, the chances of this happening are extremely low. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the main risk for contact with hantavirus.

• #61 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  […] […] The chance of being exposed to hantavirus is higher if you work, play, or live in closed spaces where deer mice are living actively. On rare occasions, some people who have contracted HPS reported that they had not seen mice or their droppings before becoming ill. You should take precautions even if you do not see the deer mice or their droppings. […] […] […] People who live in areas where the virus is present, and who come in close contact with the saliva, urine, droppings or nests of deer mice, may be at risk of catching the virus. However, the chances of this happening are extremely low. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the main risk for contact with hantavirus.

• #62 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #63 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #64 California high alert: What is Hantavirus? Symptoms and Diagnosis | Health News – Business Standard

  https://www.business-standard.com/health/california-high-alert-what-is-hantavirus-virus-symptoms-and-diagnosis-nc-125040700517_1.html

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, or HPS, is a rare viral illness that can harm your heart, lungs, and other organs, according to specialists. It can be quite deadly and progresses quickly. […] Flu-like symptoms like fever, headache, chills, body pains, nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, and a dry cough are typically the first signs of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Breathing issues may develop as the condition worsens. According to the CDC, early treatment is crucial because HPS kills about 4 out of 10 affected individuals. […] According to medical professionals, the hantavirus multiplies and spreads once it gets into your body. The infection weakens and leaks the muscles in your lungs. Breathing becomes challenging when blood fills the air sacs in your lungs. The virus weakens and leaks blood arteries in your heart and affects the heart muscle itself.

• #65 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513243/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare yet serious pulmonary condition marked by pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and hypotension. HPS presents with fevers, myalgia, and severe respiratory compromise, with up to 40% mortality. The need for mechanical ventilation is common shortly upon disease onset. […] Usual presentations start around 7 to 39 days after viral exposure, and initial symptoms include a prodrome of headache, myalgia, vomiting, and abdominal pain. About 3 to 6 days after the initial prodromal phase, respiratory compromise can quickly develop, involving dyspnea, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Respiratory compromise often occurs within 48 hours and rapidly turns into respiratory failure. […] Despite appropriate treatment in the intensive care unit, around one-third of patients will die in the first 48 hours after admission. However, almost half of the patients admitted with Hantavirus will not require mechanical ventilation via intubation if appropriately managed with judicious fluids and close monitoring.

• #66 Hantavirus: Understanding the Rare but Serious Disease

  https://aeroclave.com/hantavirus-what-it-is-symptoms-prevention-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  The first signs of Hantavirus disease symptoms typically appear 2 to 8 weeks after exposure. The illness often starts with flu-like symptoms, including fever (101F or higher), chills, body aches, and fatigue. Many people also experience headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. These symptoms can be easily mistaken for the flu or a common viral infection, making early detection difficult. […] After 4 to 10 days, the disease progresses rapidly, leading to severe respiratory and cardiovascular issues. The most dangerous symptom is shortness of breath, as fluid fills the lungs (pulmonary edema), making it harder to breathe. Patients often develop a persistent cough, tightness in the chest, and rapid heartbeat. In some cases, low blood pressure and organ failure can occur, leading to shock and, in severe cases, death.

• #67 Hantavirus: Understanding the Rare but Serious Disease

  https://aeroclave.com/hantavirus-what-it-is-symptoms-prevention-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  Hantavirus directly attacks blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid into the lungs. As this progresses, the body struggles to get enough oxygen, resulting in difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen supply to vital organs. In addition to lung damage, it can also weaken the heart’s ability to pump blood, increasing the risk of heart failure. If left untreated, HPS can be fatal in 30-50% of cases. […] The transition from mild to severe symptoms can happen quickly. If someone who has been in a rodent-exposed environment suddenly develops worsening shortness of breath, confusion, chest pain, or extreme dizziness, they should seek emergency medical attention immediately. Early intervention is critical to improving survival rates.

• #68 California high alert: What is Hantavirus? Symptoms and Diagnosis | Health News – Business Standard

  https://www.business-standard.com/health/california-high-alert-what-is-hantavirus-virus-symptoms-and-diagnosis-nc-125040700517_1.html

  Your heart’s capacity to pump nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to your body’s cells and organs is impacted by weak, leaky blood vessels. Your body enters shock when there is insufficient blood flow to your cells and organs. You could rapidly suffer organ failure and pass away if your body enters shock.

• #69 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-diagnosis

  Since HPS affects a small population, the incubation period is unknown. In most recorded cases, symptoms develop 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. Early symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, body aches, headaches, diarrhea and abdominal pain, are similar to many other viral illnesses. This may prevent an HPS diagnosis before the illness progresses. […] If the initial symptoms are not connected to hantavirus exposure and are left untreated, late symptoms will onset rapidly. These symptoms include cough and shortness of breath, which are the result of leaky blood vessels and lead to collection of fluid in the lungs, bleeding and failure of the heart to pump. The combination of these changes can lead to shock, failure of several organs and even death. […] With this in mind, key symptoms and signs to watch for (with a history of rodent exposure) include: Fever greater than 101F, chills, body aches, headaches, Nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, A dry cough followed by rapid onset of breathing difficulty. […] If you have unexplained fever, body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, dry cough or severe breathing difficulty, you should see a healthcare provider. This is especially true if you live in the southwestern US and are exposed to large rodent populations, their nesting material and waste.

• #70 Hantavirus | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/hantavirus

  What are the symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome? Symptoms begin one to eight weeks after inhaling the virus and typically start with 3-5 days of illness including fever, sore muscles, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. As the disease gets worse, it causes shortness of breath due to fluid filled lungs. Hospital care is usually required. It is serious disease and about one out of three people diagnosed with HPS have died. […] If you have been exposed to deer mice mice or mice-infested buildings and have symptoms of fever, muscle aches, and severe shortness of breath, see your health care provider immediately. Inform your health care provider of possible deer mouse exposure so that he/she is alerted to the possibility of rodent-borne diseases, such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

• #71 Clinician Brief: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html

  Early symptoms of HPS in people resemble many other respiratory illnesses, making HPS difficult to diagnose at illness onset. […] HPS initially causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing. It’s important for people with HPS to begin treatment as early as possible to improve their chances of recovery. HPS is fatal in nearly 4 in 10 people who are infected. […] Within 24 hours of initial evaluation, most HPS patients develop some degree of hypotension. They also experience progressive evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia, usually requiring mechanical ventilation. […] Patients with fatal infections often appear to have severe myocardial depression that progresses to sinus bradycardia with subsequent electromechanical dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, or fibrillation.

• #72 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare infectious disease that begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses rapidly to more severe disease. It can lead to life-threatening lung and heart problems. […] The time from infection with the hantavirus to the start of illness is usually about 2 to 3 weeks. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome advances through two distinct stages. In the first stage, which can last for several days, the most common signs and symptoms are: Fever and chills, Muscle aches or pain, Headache. […] As the disease progresses, it can lead to damaged lung tissues, fluid build-up in the lungs, and serious problems with lung and heart function. Signs and symptoms may include: Cough, Difficulty breathing, Low blood pressure, Irregular heart rate. […] The signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can worsen suddenly and may quickly become life-threatening. If you have flu-like symptoms that progressively worsen over a few days, see your health care provider. Get immediate medical care if you have trouble breathing.

• #73 Hantavirus: Understanding the Rare but Serious Disease

  https://aeroclave.com/hantavirus-what-it-is-symptoms-prevention-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  Hantavirus directly attacks blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid into the lungs. As this progresses, the body struggles to get enough oxygen, resulting in difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen supply to vital organs. In addition to lung damage, it can also weaken the heart’s ability to pump blood, increasing the risk of heart failure. If left untreated, HPS can be fatal in 30-50% of cases. […] The transition from mild to severe symptoms can happen quickly. If someone who has been in a rodent-exposed environment suddenly develops worsening shortness of breath, confusion, chest pain, or extreme dizziness, they should seek emergency medical attention immediately. Early intervention is critical to improving survival rates.

• #74 Symptoms and Signs of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hantavirus/symptom.htm

  Hantaviruses are viruses passed to humans from the urine and droppings of rodents. Hantaviruses can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) that can be severe and/or fatal. Early signs and symptoms of hantavirus infections resemble the flu: fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headaches, and dizziness. […] Late stages of the disease (HPS) may include cough, shortness of breath, and possibly heart and lung failure that can lead to death. About 38% of individuals who get HPS die. There is no specific treatment or vaccine for hantavirus.

• #75 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe illness that is caused by a virus called hantavirus. This rare disease was first identified in the southwestern United States in 1993 and in western Canada in 1994. Each year in B.C., only a couple of people report being ill with hantavirus. […] HPS begins as a flu-like illness. In the early stage of the disease, you may have the following symptoms: fever, sore muscles, headaches, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath. If the disease gets worse, fluid builds up in your lungs, making it harder to breathe. In North America, about 1 out of 3 people with HPS have died. […] There is no specific treatment, medication or cure however, many of the symptoms and complications of HPS can be treated. Most patients are admitted to intensive care in a hospital. Some patients may be given anti-viral drugs.

• #76 Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2810485/

  Patients with mild HPS may only require supplemental oxygen, but those with severe disease will progress quickly to respiratory failure, with or without shock. Deaths, almost invariably due to shock, may occur within hours of the onset of the cardiopulmonary phase. […] The diagnosis, clinical course and supportive care for patients with New-World hantaviral infections have recently been reviewed. […] Because the timeframe in which patients become ill and seek hospitalization coincides with a decrease in the presence of the virus, therapeutic interventions that target viral replication may not be effective unless given very early. […] The evaluation of the efficacy of antiviral and antibody therapies in animal models should take this into consideration.

• #77

  https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/wellness/story/hantavirus-syndrome-betsy-arakawa-cause-of-death-119571494

  Betsy Arakawa, the wife of the late Gene Hackman, died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, New Mexico officials said Friday. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a condition that „causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing,” according to the CDC. It is a severe and potentially fatal infection that primarily affects the lungs and needs prompt medical attention. […] At its start, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome causes flu-like symptoms that can then progress to more severe illness, causing difficulty breathing, according to the CDC. […] Early symptoms can include fever, muscle aches, fatigue. About 10 days into the illness, patients can develop coughing and shortness of breath with some potentially experiencing fluid building up in the lungs. […] Medical care for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may include supplemental oxygen, antibiotic therapy, fluids and mechanical or non-invasive ventilation, according to the CDC. […] The syndrome is fatal in nearly four in 10 people who are infected, according to the CDC.

• #78 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/hantavirus/

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) infection often presents as a flu-like illness, with fever, headache, myalgia, dizziness, nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. This is followed by cough, shortness of breath, and hypotension; pulmonary edema and deterioration of cardiopulmonary function may occur rapidly. Most cases show an elevated hematocrit, hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. The case fatality rate is 3550%. […] Treatment for respiratory symptoms is under the direction of the attending health care provider. No specific treatment or cure. Provide education about the illness and how to prevent exposure.

• #79

  https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/wellness/story/hantavirus-syndrome-betsy-arakawa-cause-of-death-119571494

  Betsy Arakawa, the wife of the late Gene Hackman, died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, New Mexico officials said Friday. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a condition that „causes flu-like symptoms that can progress to more severe illness where people have trouble breathing,” according to the CDC. It is a severe and potentially fatal infection that primarily affects the lungs and needs prompt medical attention. […] At its start, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome causes flu-like symptoms that can then progress to more severe illness, causing difficulty breathing, according to the CDC. […] Early symptoms can include fever, muscle aches, fatigue. About 10 days into the illness, patients can develop coughing and shortness of breath with some potentially experiencing fluid building up in the lungs. […] Medical care for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may include supplemental oxygen, antibiotic therapy, fluids and mechanical or non-invasive ventilation, according to the CDC. […] The syndrome is fatal in nearly four in 10 people who are infected, according to the CDC.

• #80 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthlinkbc-files/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe illness that is caused by a virus called hantavirus. This rare disease was first identified in the southwestern United States in 1993 and in western Canada in 1994. Each year in B.C., only a couple of people report being ill with hantavirus. […] HPS begins as a flu-like illness. In the early stage of the disease, you may have the following symptoms: fever, sore muscles, headaches, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath. If the disease gets worse, fluid builds up in your lungs, making it harder to breathe. In North America, about 1 out of 3 people with HPS have died. […] There is no specific treatment, medication or cure however, many of the symptoms and complications of HPS can be treated. Most patients are admitted to intensive care in a hospital. Some patients may be given anti-viral drugs.

• #81 Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2810485/

  Patients with mild HPS may only require supplemental oxygen, but those with severe disease will progress quickly to respiratory failure, with or without shock. Deaths, almost invariably due to shock, may occur within hours of the onset of the cardiopulmonary phase. […] The diagnosis, clinical course and supportive care for patients with New-World hantaviral infections have recently been reviewed. […] Because the timeframe in which patients become ill and seek hospitalization coincides with a decrease in the presence of the virus, therapeutic interventions that target viral replication may not be effective unless given very early. […] The evaluation of the efficacy of antiviral and antibody therapies in animal models should take this into consideration.

• #82 Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/928

  Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a notifiable condition in the US. […] Presents as a nonspecific viral illness with fever, headache, myalgias, and often prominent gastrointestinal symptoms. During the pulmonary phase there is increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia, which can progress rapidly to cardiogenic shock and death. […] In the cardiopulmonary phase of the disease, a falling cardiac index with evidence of cardiovascular collapse is an indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Mortality is between 30% and 50%, due to pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. […] HCPS, also known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), is an acute febrile illness marked by a nonspecific viral prodrome followed by rapidly progressive pulmonary insufficiency and shock occurring in an otherwise healthy person. […] Key diagnostic factors include dyspnea and hypotension. […] Other diagnostic factors include fever, myalgias, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, normal or low oxygen saturation, and lung rales.

• #83 Department of Agriculture | Hantavirus Infections

  https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/hantavirus.html

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a clinical syndrome caused by a number of hantaviruses in North and South America. […] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is usually characterized by pulmonary rather than kidney disease. The initial phase usually lasts for 3 to 5 days; the clinical signs during this period may include fever, myalgia, headache, chills, dizziness, malaise, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. Arthralgia, back pain and abdominal pain are occasionally seen. Respiratory distress and hypotension usually appear abruptly, with cough and tachypnea followed by pulmonary edema and evidence of hypoxia. Cardiac abnormalities may be seen, including bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. After the onset of the cardiopulmonary phase, the disease usually progresses rapidly; patients may be hospitalized and require mechanical ventilation within 24 hours. […] Although recovery is rapid, convalescence may last for weeks or months. Asymptomatic or mild infections appear to be rare.

• #84 Hantavirus Infection: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/hantavirus-infection

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe flu-like illness followed by acute pulmonary inflammation leading to respiratory failure caused by acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. It has a mortality rate of about 40-50%. […] The cardiopulmonary phase is characterised by rapid deterioration over 24 hours. […] There is cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary oedema. Patients develop dyspnoea, non-productive cough, and circulatory collapse. This stage lasts only 24-48 hours. 75% of patients with pulmonary oedema require mechanical ventilation. […] Those who recover may do so rapidly. Resolution of the cardiopulmonary stage of HPS is heralded by the onset of the significant diuresis. […] Early diagnosis is difficult, as symptoms resemble many other viral infections. […] HPS has a mortality of 40-50%. […] Symptomatic recovery is usually complete, although some survivors have reported persisting myalgia, weight gain and persisting tiredness. Some studies suggest that survivors of HPS have persisting renal sequelae, including chronic kidney disease.

• #85 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  While HPS is typically associated with cardiopulmonary symptoms, it may include renal symptoms typically associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), namely acute kidney injury and excess protein in urine (proteinuria), which sometimes occur during the cardiopulmonary phase. During the recovery phase, increased urination (polyuria) occurs as renal function returns. Repeated infections of hantaviruses have not been observed, so recovering from infection likely grants life-long immunity. […] Prognosis for HPS is often poor. The case fatality rate of HPS ranges from 30% to 60%. Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after the onset of illness and occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase of illness. It typically takes a few months to fully recover from illness. Difficulties with breathing, however, can persist for up to two years.

• #86 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  While HPS is typically associated with cardiopulmonary symptoms, it may include renal symptoms typically associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), namely acute kidney injury and excess protein in urine (proteinuria), which sometimes occur during the cardiopulmonary phase. During the recovery phase, increased urination (polyuria) occurs as renal function returns. Repeated infections of hantaviruses have not been observed, so recovering from infection likely grants life-long immunity. […] Prognosis for HPS is often poor. The case fatality rate of HPS ranges from 30% to 60%. Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after the onset of illness and occurs suddenly during the cardiopulmonary phase of illness. It typically takes a few months to fully recover from illness. Difficulties with breathing, however, can persist for up to two years.

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