Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669544/

  Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. […] There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. […] Given the worldwide distribution of hantaviruses, there is a need for medical countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of hantavirus diseases. There are no current FDA-approved vaccines or antivirals for hantavirus infection. […] Vaccination, in addition to other preventative measures, have decreased the number of cases of HFRS in these regions. […] The overarching goal of these studies is to improve upon the immunological memory that is lacking in the inactivated vaccine currently used in China. […] The need for these medical countermeasures perpetuates as outbreaks around the world continue to occur.

• #2 Understanding Hantavirus and How to Stay Safe – NYAS

  https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/understanding-hantavirus-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  HPS typically begins with nonspecific, flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. […] There is no specific treatment or vaccine for hantavirus infections; therefore, prevention, early recognition and supportive medical care are crucial. […] To minimize the risk of hantavirus exposure, individuals should: Control rodents both inside and outside the home, as this is the best way to prevent hantavirus. […] Remove and secure trash around the home and workplace to limit rodent access. […] Seal holes and gaps in homes to prevent rodent entry. […] Call a professional exterminator if the infestation is severe. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers to reduce the likelihood of attracting rodents. […] Dispose of dead rodents properly by using gloves, placing the animal in a double plastic bag, and discarding it in the trash avoiding direct handling.

• #3 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS, Orthohantavirus): Causes, Transmission, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent hantavirus? […] There are no vaccines available to protect against any hantavirus types. The CDC recommends the elimination or reduction of contact with any rodents (for example, at home, worksites, campsites, barns, sheds) by reducing rodent access or rodent-proofing. Sealing up gaps and holes, placing traps, and keeping areas as clean and food free as possible will help. If a person must come in contact with rodents or areas where they live, precautions such as gloves and masks may reduce the chances for infection; disinfectant treatment of possible contaminated surfaces may also help prevent the disease. […] Do not attempt to use a vacuum or use a broom to remove rodent urine or feces; this action may increase the risk of HPS by generating an aerosol. The risk of HPS can be reduced by inactivating hantaviruses in the environment by using a household detergent and 1 cups of bleach per gallon of water to wipe or spray the potentially infected area and while minimizing contact by wearing gloves and a mask. Take similar precautions with rodents caught in traps.

• #4 Hantavirus Prevention | Hantavirus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/prevention/index.html

  Avoiding exposure to rodents and their urine and feces is the best way to prevent infection. […] People should avoid contact with rodent urine, droppings, saliva, and nesting materials. If mice or rats are in or around your home, it’s important to clean up after them safely. […] Rodent control is the primary strategy for preventing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a disease caused by infection with certain hantaviruses. Wild rodents near human populations should be controlled and excluded from homes. […] Safely caring for pet rats can help prevent hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a disease caused by infection with certain hantaviruses. Pet owners can consult their veterinarians about testing new rats for hantaviruses before they are introduced into new homes, especially if they will be living with other rats in a home or breeding facility. Keep wild rats (which naturally carry hantavirus) away from pet rats by taking steps to prevent rodent infestations. […] If you have mice or rats in or around your home or vehicle, it’s important to clean up all urine, droppings (poop), dead rodents, and nesting materials safely to protect your health. Instructions for how to safely clean up after rodents are found here.

• #5 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/zdp/hps/

  Rodent control in and around the home remains the primary strategy for preventing Hantavirus infection. […] This helpful Hantavirus Prevention Pamphlet explains how to prevent Hantavirus. The steps include airing out and sealing up buildings, trapping mice, and cleaning up droppings and nests.

• #6 Hantavirus Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hantavirusinfections.html

  Controlling rodents in and around your house is the best way to prevent infection. […] If you have been around rodents and have symptoms of fever, deep muscle aches, and severe shortness of breath, see your doctor immediately. […] Hantavirus Prevention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

• #7 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #8 Hantavirus | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/hantavirus

  There is no vaccine to protect against hantavirus. The best way to prevent HPS is to avoid contact with rodents or their feces, urine, and saliva—particularly in areas of the United States where HPS is most common. You can prevent rodents from getting inside your home by sealing all openings greater than ¼ inch. You should also reduce rodent nesting sites and food sources within 100 feet of your home. You can do this by clearing away trash and dense shrubbery. Store all food (including pet food and water) and garbage in tightly sealed containers, as this will reduce a source of attraction for rodents. […] Do not sweep or vacuum mouse or rat urine, droppings or nests. This will cause dust particles to go into the air where they can be breathed in. Wear rubber or plastic gloves and spray the urine and/or droppings with a disinfectant or a mixture of bleach and water. Make sure you get the soiled area very wet. Let the area soak for five minutes and then use a paper towel to wipe up. After discarding the paper towel in the garbage, mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant or bleach solution. Wash your hands both before and after taking off your gloves. For homes with a severe infestation problem, additional precautions and/or assistance from a pest control professional may be necessary.

• #9 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #10 Prevention | Hantavirus | DHCPP | CDC

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/prevention.html

  Eliminate or minimize contact with rodents in your home, workplace, or campsite. Seal up holes and gaps in your home or garage. Place traps in and around your home to decrease rodent infestation. Clean up any easy-to-get food. […] Therefore, if you live in an area where the carrier rodents are known to live, try to keep your home, vacation place, workplace, or campsite clean. […] Seal up holes inside and outside the home to keep rodents out. […] Trap rodents around the home to help reduce the population. […] Avoid illness: Take precautions before and while cleaning rodent-infested areas.

• #11 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #12 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms,Risk Factors

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/medicine/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  Preventing rats from entering your home and place of work can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these suggestions: […] Stop from accessing: Mice can fit through openings as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters). To seal holes, use metal flashing, wire screening, steel wool, or cement. […] Stop the spread of food: Keep food, especially pet food, in rodent-proof containers, sweep up spills immediately, and wash dishes afterward. Attach the lids to the trash cans. […] Reducing the amount of nesting material: Clear the area close to a building’s base of any rubbish, grass, and vegetation. […] Set traps: It is recommended to install baseboard traps with springs. Because the poison can harm both people and animals, exercise caution while placing poison bait traps. […] Transfer garden objects that attract rodents: Get rid of wood piles and compost within the house.

• #13 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #14 Hantavirus | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/hantavirus/

  Keep a tight-fitting lid on garbage, discard uneaten pet food at the end of the day. […] Set and keep spring-loaded rodent traps near baseboards because rodents tend to run along walls and tight spaces rather than out in the open. Before setting trap, treat area with flea killer. […] Set EPA-approved rodenticide with bait under plywood or plastic shelter along baseboards. Follow product use instructions carefully, since rodenticides are poisonous to pets and people, too. […] Clear brush, grass, and junk from around the house to eliminate a source of nesting materials. Use thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids for garbage and for storing pet food. […] Use metal flashing 12″ above to 6″ down into the ground around the base of wooden, earthen or adobe homes to provide a strong barrier.

• #15 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #16 Hantavirus | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/hantavirus/

  Keep a tight-fitting lid on garbage, discard uneaten pet food at the end of the day. […] Set and keep spring-loaded rodent traps near baseboards because rodents tend to run along walls and tight spaces rather than out in the open. Before setting trap, treat area with flea killer. […] Set EPA-approved rodenticide with bait under plywood or plastic shelter along baseboards. Follow product use instructions carefully, since rodenticides are poisonous to pets and people, too. […] Clear brush, grass, and junk from around the house to eliminate a source of nesting materials. Use thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids for garbage and for storing pet food. […] Use metal flashing 12″ above to 6″ down into the ground around the base of wooden, earthen or adobe homes to provide a strong barrier.

• #17 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Because treatment options are limited, the best protection against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is to avoid contact with rodents and safely clean up rodent habitats. […] Keeping rodents out of your home and workplace can help reduce your risk of hantavirus infection. Try these tips: […] Block access. Mice can squeeze through holes as small as 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) wide. Seal holes with wire screening, steel wool, metal flashing or cement. […] Close the food buffet. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, and store your food including pet food in rodent-proof containers. Use tightfitting lids on garbage cans. […] Reduce nesting material. Clear brush, grass and junk away from a building’s foundation. […] Set traps. Spring-loaded traps should be set along baseboards. Exercise caution while using poison-bait traps, as the poison also can harm people and pets.

• #18 Hantavirus | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/hantavirus/

  Keep a tight-fitting lid on garbage, discard uneaten pet food at the end of the day. […] Set and keep spring-loaded rodent traps near baseboards because rodents tend to run along walls and tight spaces rather than out in the open. Before setting trap, treat area with flea killer. […] Set EPA-approved rodenticide with bait under plywood or plastic shelter along baseboards. Follow product use instructions carefully, since rodenticides are poisonous to pets and people, too. […] Clear brush, grass, and junk from around the house to eliminate a source of nesting materials. Use thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids for garbage and for storing pet food. […] Use metal flashing 12″ above to 6″ down into the ground around the base of wooden, earthen or adobe homes to provide a strong barrier.

• #19 Understanding Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Risks, Symptoms, and Prevention | NETEC

  https://netec.org/2024/03/11/understanding-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-risks-symptoms-and-prevention/

  HPS is not transmitted from person to person. However, the virus can persist on surfaces and in droppings and nests for hours to days after rodents have vacated the area. Care must be taken during cleaning, as sweeping and dusting can aerosolize infectious particles, increasing the risk of inhalation, which is thought to be the most common pathway of infection. […] To minimize the risk of exposure to hantavirus, individuals should take the following measures: Open and air out buildings such as cabins and sheds, and other areas that may have provided shelter or food, before entering. Employ effective trapping methods to eliminate rodents from the premises. Seal off potential entry points where rodents may enter homes or shelters. Before cleaning, treat nests, droppings, or contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant solution. Avoid sweeping up rodent droppings, shaking rugs, or dusting untreated contaminated surfaces to prevent the dispersal of viral particles into the air. When handling nests or contaminated articles, wear gloves, practice proper hand hygiene, and refrain from touching your face to minimize the risk of exposure.

• #20 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #21 Cleaning reminders to help prevent hantavirus | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/news/cleaning-reminders-help-prevent-hantavirus

  North Dakota Health and Human Services (HHS) is encouraging the public to take steps to protect against hantavirus disease. […] HHS offers the following tips to avoid hantavirus infection when cleaning a building with signs of rodent infestation: Ventilate the space by opening the doors and windows for 30 minutes before you start cleaning. Wear gloves and use disinfectant when cleaning up dead rodents or their urine, droppings and nests. Saturate the material with disinfectant for at least five minutes before removal. Mop floors and clean countertops, cabinets and drawers with disinfectant. Use a commercial disinfectant registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and follow the label instructions or use a bleach solution made with one part bleach and ten parts water. Do not stir up dust by sweeping or vacuuming up rodent droppings, urine or nesting materials. Do not let children play in crawl spaces or vacant buildings where rodents may be present.

• #22 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome.aspx

  If you find signs of mice or other rodents, its important to clean up after them safely to reduce your chances of getting sick: […] If you are cleaning an area that may be contaminated with live or dead mice, mouse droppings, or mouse nests, do not sweep or vacuum the area. This can stir up droppings or other materials contaminated with hantavirus into the air. […] Protect yourself from hantavirus – clean up rodent droppings with bleach or other disinfectant. Do not sweep or vacuum. […] Before cleaning an area infested by mice, air out the space for 30 minutes. Then use a mop or sponge and a freshly made 10% bleach solution to clean the area. Wear gloves while cleaning, and consider wearing a respirator (face mask) if cleaning heavily infested areas. […] Buildings and cabins that have been closed for the winter or other long periods can be home to mice and other rodents. Deer mice can be infected with hantavirus, which can be spread to people through the air in closed spaces. If you need to clean an area contaminated with mouse droppings or nests, follow these steps: […] Before you open a building thats been closed for a long time, air out the space for 30+ minutes and clean only with a wet mop or sponge. Sweeping or vacuuming stirs up mouse droppings and other rodent-contaminated materials that can spread hantavirus in the air.

• #23 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  There isnt a vaccine for HPS. But there are steps you can take to help reduce your risk, including: […] Staying away from wild mice and rats, and avoiding areas where they leave droppings. […] Wearing rubber gloves and a mask that covers your nose and mouth during exposure to mouse and rat droppings. […] Using disinfectant to sanitize areas that contain mouse or rat droppings. […] Avoiding sweeping mouse or rat droppings with a broom. Sweeping can cause infected particles to enter dust in the air. […] Sealing holes in and around your home so mice and rats cant enter. […] Setting mouse or rat traps in and around your home to decrease the population. […] Avoiding leaving food out in your home or while camping. […] Airing out areas that you know have mice or rats in them.

• #24 Prevention of a hantavirus infection – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hantaviruses/prevention-hantavirus-infection.html

  Learn how to prevent being infected by a hantavirus. […] The key to disease prevention is: preventing rodent infestations, properly cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated by rodent droppings. […] Keep your home, workplace, cottage or campsite rodent-free. All rodent droppings are potentially harmful. You should: block openings that might let rodents in, store food, water and garbage in containers with tightly fitted lids, place mousetraps throughout buildings, keep your yard clean, stack woodpiles away from buildings. […] Properly clean and disinfect areas contaminated by rodent droppings. […] Wear rubber or plastic gloves. If you are cleaning in a confined space, wear a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered respirator. […] Do not sweep or vacuum rodent droppings. This will release particles into the air, which you could then breathe in.

• #25 What is hantavirus? What to know about Gene Hackman’s wife’s cause of death – NBC Chicago

  https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/what-is-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-what-to-know-after-authorities-determine-betsy-arakawas-cause-of-death/3691798/

  Additionally, safe cleanup procedures can help individuals avoid infection, with the following tips offered: […] Wear a mask and rubber or plastic gloves. […] Spray the nest, droppings or dead rodent with a household disinfectant, alcohol or bleach and water solution. Let it sit for five minutes. […] Use paper towels to clean up and dispose of towels in garbage. […] Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant. […] Wash gloved hands and dispose of gloves and mask. […] Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

• #26 Prevention of a hantavirus infection – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hantaviruses/prevention-hantavirus-infection.html

  Spray droppings with a household disinfectant or a mixture of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water. Let the area soak for 10 minutes to make sure any virus within the droppings will be killed. […] Wipe up wet droppings with paper towels or a wet mop if dealing with a large area. […] Wash gloves in disinfectant and hot soapy water before taking them off. Afterwards, wash your hands thoroughly. […] If a wet mop was used to clean the area, use disinfectant and hot soapy water to clean the mop.

• #27 Understanding Hantavirus and How to Stay Safe – NYAS

  https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/understanding-hantavirus-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  Use gloves, a mask, and disinfectants when cleaning areas contaminated by rodent droppings. Avoid actions that can aerosolize the virus, such as sweeping or vacuuming. […] When cleaning rodent droppings, wet them down first with a 10% bleach solution and wear gloves to minimize exposure risk. […] Avoid contact with rodents and rodent burrows when spending time outdoors in areas where hantavirus may be present. […] While hantavirus infections remain rare, the tragic death of Betsy Arakawa underscores the importance of awareness and preventive measures, especially in areas where human-rodent interactions are more likely.

• #28 Cleaning reminders to help prevent hantavirus | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/news/cleaning-reminders-help-prevent-hantavirus

  North Dakota Health and Human Services (HHS) is encouraging the public to take steps to protect against hantavirus disease. […] HHS offers the following tips to avoid hantavirus infection when cleaning a building with signs of rodent infestation: Ventilate the space by opening the doors and windows for 30 minutes before you start cleaning. Wear gloves and use disinfectant when cleaning up dead rodents or their urine, droppings and nests. Saturate the material with disinfectant for at least five minutes before removal. Mop floors and clean countertops, cabinets and drawers with disinfectant. Use a commercial disinfectant registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and follow the label instructions or use a bleach solution made with one part bleach and ten parts water. Do not stir up dust by sweeping or vacuuming up rodent droppings, urine or nesting materials. Do not let children play in crawl spaces or vacant buildings where rodents may be present.

• #29 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome.aspx

  If you find signs of mice or other rodents, its important to clean up after them safely to reduce your chances of getting sick: […] If you are cleaning an area that may be contaminated with live or dead mice, mouse droppings, or mouse nests, do not sweep or vacuum the area. This can stir up droppings or other materials contaminated with hantavirus into the air. […] Protect yourself from hantavirus – clean up rodent droppings with bleach or other disinfectant. Do not sweep or vacuum. […] Before cleaning an area infested by mice, air out the space for 30 minutes. Then use a mop or sponge and a freshly made 10% bleach solution to clean the area. Wear gloves while cleaning, and consider wearing a respirator (face mask) if cleaning heavily infested areas. […] Buildings and cabins that have been closed for the winter or other long periods can be home to mice and other rodents. Deer mice can be infected with hantavirus, which can be spread to people through the air in closed spaces. If you need to clean an area contaminated with mouse droppings or nests, follow these steps: […] Before you open a building thats been closed for a long time, air out the space for 30+ minutes and clean only with a wet mop or sponge. Sweeping or vacuuming stirs up mouse droppings and other rodent-contaminated materials that can spread hantavirus in the air.

• #30 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS, Orthohantavirus): Causes, Transmission, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent hantavirus? […] There are no vaccines available to protect against any hantavirus types. The CDC recommends the elimination or reduction of contact with any rodents (for example, at home, worksites, campsites, barns, sheds) by reducing rodent access or rodent-proofing. Sealing up gaps and holes, placing traps, and keeping areas as clean and food free as possible will help. If a person must come in contact with rodents or areas where they live, precautions such as gloves and masks may reduce the chances for infection; disinfectant treatment of possible contaminated surfaces may also help prevent the disease. […] Do not attempt to use a vacuum or use a broom to remove rodent urine or feces; this action may increase the risk of HPS by generating an aerosol. The risk of HPS can be reduced by inactivating hantaviruses in the environment by using a household detergent and 1 cups of bleach per gallon of water to wipe or spray the potentially infected area and while minimizing contact by wearing gloves and a mask. Take similar precautions with rodents caught in traps.

• #31 What is hantavirus? What to know about Gene Hackman’s wife’s cause of death – NBC Chicago

  https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/what-is-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-what-to-know-after-authorities-determine-betsy-arakawas-cause-of-death/3691798/

  Additionally, safe cleanup procedures can help individuals avoid infection, with the following tips offered: […] Wear a mask and rubber or plastic gloves. […] Spray the nest, droppings or dead rodent with a household disinfectant, alcohol or bleach and water solution. Let it sit for five minutes. […] Use paper towels to clean up and dispose of towels in garbage. […] Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant. […] Wash gloved hands and dispose of gloves and mask. […] Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

• #32 Cleaning reminders to help prevent hantavirus | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/news/cleaning-reminders-help-prevent-hantavirus

  North Dakota Health and Human Services (HHS) is encouraging the public to take steps to protect against hantavirus disease. […] HHS offers the following tips to avoid hantavirus infection when cleaning a building with signs of rodent infestation: Ventilate the space by opening the doors and windows for 30 minutes before you start cleaning. Wear gloves and use disinfectant when cleaning up dead rodents or their urine, droppings and nests. Saturate the material with disinfectant for at least five minutes before removal. Mop floors and clean countertops, cabinets and drawers with disinfectant. Use a commercial disinfectant registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and follow the label instructions or use a bleach solution made with one part bleach and ten parts water. Do not stir up dust by sweeping or vacuuming up rodent droppings, urine or nesting materials. Do not let children play in crawl spaces or vacant buildings where rodents may be present.

• #33 What is hantavirus? What to know about Gene Hackman’s wife’s cause of death – NBC Chicago

  https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/what-is-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-what-to-know-after-authorities-determine-betsy-arakawas-cause-of-death/3691798/

  Additionally, safe cleanup procedures can help individuals avoid infection, with the following tips offered: […] Wear a mask and rubber or plastic gloves. […] Spray the nest, droppings or dead rodent with a household disinfectant, alcohol or bleach and water solution. Let it sit for five minutes. […] Use paper towels to clean up and dispose of towels in garbage. […] Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant. […] Wash gloved hands and dispose of gloves and mask. […] Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

• #34 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps/

  Keep your home clean to discourage rodents. Wash dishes promptly, clean counters and floors, put pet food and water away at night, and store food and garbage in containers with tight lids. Prevent mice from entering your house by sealing all openings with caulking or steel wool. Remember, rodents can squeeze through holes as small as a dime. If mice or rats are in or around your home, it’s important to clean up after them safely and avoid contact with their urine, droppings, saliva, and nesting materials. […] Follow these precautions when removing a dead rodent or cleaning an area where rodents have been: Wear rubber, latex, vinyl or nitrile gloves. If you are going into a building, garage or basement that has been closed, open it to air out for at least 30 minutes before spending time inside. Wet down dusty areas that may be contaminated with rodent droppings or urine before cleaning them up. (You can use a commercial disinfectant or prepare a solution of 1 cups bleach to 1 gallon of water.) Use a spray bottle to mist the area and gently but thoroughly wet it. A hard spray will stir up more dust. Wipe up debris; do not sweep or vacuum dry debris because it creates dust in the air. Dead rodents should be sprayed with disinfectant and then placed in a plastic bag containing enough disinfectant to thoroughly wet the carcasses. When cleanup is complete, seal the bag and place it into a second plastic bag. Then dispose of it by burying, burning or placing it in an appropriate waste disposal system. Before removing gloves, wash gloved hands in disinfectant and then in soap and water. Thoroughly wash hands with soap and water after removing gloves.

• #35 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838

  Move rodent-friendly yard items. Move woodpiles or compost bins away from the house. […] Air out unused spaces. Open up and air out cabins, campers or infrequently used buildings before cleaning. […] Safe cleaning will help prevent the spread of viruses. Follow these steps: […] Wear a mask and rubber or plastic gloves. […] Spray the nest, droppings or dead rodent with a household disinfectant, alcohol or bleach and water solution. Let it sit for five minutes. […] Use paper towels to clean up and dispose of towels in garbage. […] Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant. […] Wash gloved hands and dispose of gloves and mask. […] Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

• #36 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (U.S. National Park Service)

  https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome.htm

  Preventing rodents from entering human structures is the best way to eliminate the risk for hantavirus. […] Avoid contact with rodents their droppings, urine, saliva, and nesting materials. […] Take care when opening/cleaning buildings that have been closed for a period of time. Open windows to ventilate rooms for at least 30 minutes prior to cleaning. […] Seal up. Exclude rodents from living quarters as directed in the NPS Rodent Exclusion Manual 2017 and NPS Rodent Exclusion video and NPS Indoor Rodent Management for NPS Properties (internal access). Some key recommendations include: Check buildings for gaps or holes greater than of an inch and seal them with rodent-proof material to prevent rodent entry. […] Minimize food and water sources, as well as places that are convenient for rodents to build nests.

• #37 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the Spotlight: Understanding Risks After Betsy Arakawa’s Tragic Death | NETEC

  https://netec.org/2025/03/10/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-in-the-spotlight-understanding-risks-after-betsy-arakawas-tragic-death/

  Minimizing Risk: Practical Measures for the Public To minimize the risk of exposure to hantavirus, individuals should take the following measures: Open and air out buildings such as cabins and sheds, and other areas that may have provided shelter or food, before entering. […] Employ effective trapping methods to eliminate rodents from the premises. […] Seal off potential entry points where rodents may enter homes or shelters. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers. […] Before cleaning, treat nests, droppings, or contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant solution. […] Avoid sweeping up rodent droppings, shaking rugs, or dusting untreated contaminated surfaces to prevent the dispersal of viral particles into the air. […] When handling nests or contaminated articles, wear gloves, practice proper hand hygiene, and refrain from touching your face to minimize the risk of exposure.

• #38 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  As spring/summer weather approaches, it is important to review the steps the public can take to prevent Hantavirus cases from occurring. A major strategy is to avoid contact with rodents, including mice, rodent droppings, or rodent nests […] The best advice is to avoid all rodents, rodent nests, and items contaminated by rodents and rodent droppings. […] Early diagnosis and rapid transfer to a critical care facility has been shown to reduce the fatality rate. There is currently no vaccine or cure for Hantavirus infection, but steps can be taken to reduce the risk of getting the disease. […] Four Steps To Reduce your Risk Of Getting Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): […] 1. AIR OUT […] When entering buildings that have been closed up for an extended time, or which are infested with rodents, open doors and allow the building to air out thoroughly for several hours before entering. Avoid creating dust that could be inhaled.

• #39 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-059.aspx

  CDPH urges caution on how to avoid hantavirus following diagnosis in Northern California man. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) reminds individuals to take precautions when entering cabins, trailers and other buildings that may be infested with rodents after the recent diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in a Northern California man. To prevent HPS, CDPH recommends the following precautions: Avoid contact with all wild rodents, their droppings, and nesting materials. Before entering an enclosed area that may be infested with rodents, allow it to air out for at least 30 minutes. Do not dry sweep or vacuum areas that rodents have potentially contaminated. Surfaces that rodents may have contaminated with urine or droppings should be made wet with a 10% bleach solution or a commercial disinfectant following label directions before mopping up. Promptly dispose of all cleaning materials when done, and thoroughly wash hands and clothes. Examine the outside of all buildings and seal any holes or other areas that would let rodents get inside. Store all food items securely in rodent-proof containers.

• #40 Cleaning a shed, attic, cabin or barn? Protect against hantavirus

  https://www.interiorhealth.ca/stories/cleaning-shed-attic-cabin-or-barn-protect-against-hantavirus

  Hantavirus is a potentially serious infection that is transmitted by some rodents, and in the Interior region in particular, the deer mouse. […] To stay safe during your spring-cleaning routine, its essential to take precautions to minimize the risk of being exposed. These precautions include: […] Having good ventilation is key to reducing the number of airborne hantaviruses in small spaces. Opening windows and doors at least 30 minutes before and during cleaning can allow fresh air to circulate. […] Wearing a mask N100, P100, R100 or N95 will help filter out airborne particles including hantavirus. […] To protect yourself while cleaning: Avoid stirring up dust as much as possible by using a damp cloth or mop to clean dusty corners, rather than vacuuming or sweeping (which can put particles into the air).

• #41 Cleaning a shed, attic, cabin or barn? Protect against hantavirus

  https://www.interiorhealth.ca/stories/cleaning-shed-attic-cabin-or-barn-protect-against-hantavirus

  Hantavirus is a potentially serious infection that is transmitted by some rodents, and in the Interior region in particular, the deer mouse. […] To stay safe during your spring-cleaning routine, its essential to take precautions to minimize the risk of being exposed. These precautions include: […] Having good ventilation is key to reducing the number of airborne hantaviruses in small spaces. Opening windows and doors at least 30 minutes before and during cleaning can allow fresh air to circulate. […] Wearing a mask N100, P100, R100 or N95 will help filter out airborne particles including hantavirus. […] To protect yourself while cleaning: Avoid stirring up dust as much as possible by using a damp cloth or mop to clean dusty corners, rather than vacuuming or sweeping (which can put particles into the air).

• #42 What is hantavirus? What to know about Gene Hackman’s wife’s cause of death – NBC Chicago

  https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/what-is-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-what-to-know-after-authorities-determine-betsy-arakawas-cause-of-death/3691798/

  Additionally, safe cleanup procedures can help individuals avoid infection, with the following tips offered: […] Wear a mask and rubber or plastic gloves. […] Spray the nest, droppings or dead rodent with a household disinfectant, alcohol or bleach and water solution. Let it sit for five minutes. […] Use paper towels to clean up and dispose of towels in garbage. […] Mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant. […] Wash gloved hands and dispose of gloves and mask. […] Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

• #43 Hantavirus | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/hantavirus/

  If possible, locate hay, woodpiles and garbage cans 100 feet or more from the house and elevate at least 12″ off the ground. […] Trap or poison rodents outdoors too. Just be sure to keep poisons out of the reach of children or pets. […] When going into cabins or other outbuildings that may be infested, open them up and air them out for at least 30 minutes before cleaning. […] Wear latex rubber gloves. Dont stir up dust. Thoroughly wet contaminated areas with detergent, general purpose disinfectant or 10% household bleach solution (1 cups of household bleach per gallon of water). Once everything is wet, mop or sponge up. Don’t use vacuum cleaners or brooms, since they may create aerosols. […] Spray dead rodents, urine or droppings with a disinfectant or the bleach solution from step 2. Soak for 5 minutes before wiping up with a paper towel or rag. Place cleaning materials, mouse, trap and nesting materials in a plastic bag and seal it. Place in a second bag and seal that as well. […] Wash gloved hands with soap and water before removing gloves; after taking off gloves, thoroughly wash hands with soap and water. […] For heavy rodent infestations, seek help from professional exterminators.

• #44 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the Spotlight: Understanding Risks After Betsy Arakawa’s Tragic Death | NETEC

  https://netec.org/2025/03/10/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-in-the-spotlight-understanding-risks-after-betsy-arakawas-tragic-death/

  Minimizing Risk: Practical Measures for the Public To minimize the risk of exposure to hantavirus, individuals should take the following measures: Open and air out buildings such as cabins and sheds, and other areas that may have provided shelter or food, before entering. […] Employ effective trapping methods to eliminate rodents from the premises. […] Seal off potential entry points where rodents may enter homes or shelters. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers. […] Before cleaning, treat nests, droppings, or contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant solution. […] Avoid sweeping up rodent droppings, shaking rugs, or dusting untreated contaminated surfaces to prevent the dispersal of viral particles into the air. […] When handling nests or contaminated articles, wear gloves, practice proper hand hygiene, and refrain from touching your face to minimize the risk of exposure.

• #45 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Reducing the risk of exposure to rodents at home, one’s workplace, and when camping prevents hantavirus infection. […] Rodent control methods such as rodenticides, traps, and cats have been proposed as ways to control the rodent population. […] Cleaning and disinfecting human living spaces by removing rodent food sources can prevent the contamination of food and other items with hantaviruses from rodent excretions and secretions. […] Preventing rodents from entering one’s house, removing potential nesting sites around one’s house, sweeping areas likely inhabited by rodents, covering trash cans, cutting grass, spraying water to prevent dust prior to activities, and installing public warning signs in endemic areas can help to reduce contact with rodents. […] People at high risk of infection, including pest exterminators and people who work in agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry can take preventive measures such as wearing masks to prevent exposure to hantaviruses.

• #46 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps/

  Control rodents outside your house: Clear brush and grass away from the foundation. Place wood piles and garbage cans on platforms at least 12 inches off the ground and keep them at least 100 feet from the house. Haul away junk that can provide homes for rodents. […] When camping or sleeping outdoors, avoid disturbing or sleeping near rodent droppings or burrows. Avoid sleeping on bare ground. Use a mat or elevated cot if available. Store foods in rodent-proof containers and promptly discard, bury or burn all garbage.

• #47 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  There isnt a vaccine for HPS. But there are steps you can take to help reduce your risk, including: […] Staying away from wild mice and rats, and avoiding areas where they leave droppings. […] Wearing rubber gloves and a mask that covers your nose and mouth during exposure to mouse and rat droppings. […] Using disinfectant to sanitize areas that contain mouse or rat droppings. […] Avoiding sweeping mouse or rat droppings with a broom. Sweeping can cause infected particles to enter dust in the air. […] Sealing holes in and around your home so mice and rats cant enter. […] Setting mouse or rat traps in and around your home to decrease the population. […] Avoiding leaving food out in your home or while camping. […] Airing out areas that you know have mice or rats in them.

• #48 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) | Epidemic Control Toolkit

  https://epidemics.ifrc.org/volunteer/disease/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps

  Promote the use of rodent traps inside and outside homes […] Promote the use of other rodent control measures such as keeping cats […] Identify people with suspected HPS quickly according to community case definition […] Promote secured spaces and prevent rodents from entering houses or accessing stored food and water (including pet or animal food) […] Follow recommended environmental hygiene practices […] Encourage disinfection of homes and other spaces with evidence of rodents […] Promote proper and safe disposal of dead rodents […] Follow recommended kitchen hygiene practices (for example, clean floors and wash dishes and utensils immediately) […] Promote the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and disinfectants when cleaning up rodent droppings and nesting materials

• #49 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17897-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

  There isnt a vaccine for HPS. But there are steps you can take to help reduce your risk, including: […] Staying away from wild mice and rats, and avoiding areas where they leave droppings. […] Wearing rubber gloves and a mask that covers your nose and mouth during exposure to mouse and rat droppings. […] Using disinfectant to sanitize areas that contain mouse or rat droppings. […] Avoiding sweeping mouse or rat droppings with a broom. Sweeping can cause infected particles to enter dust in the air. […] Sealing holes in and around your home so mice and rats cant enter. […] Setting mouse or rat traps in and around your home to decrease the population. […] Avoiding leaving food out in your home or while camping. […] Airing out areas that you know have mice or rats in them.

• #50 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps/

  Control rodents outside your house: Clear brush and grass away from the foundation. Place wood piles and garbage cans on platforms at least 12 inches off the ground and keep them at least 100 feet from the house. Haul away junk that can provide homes for rodents. […] When camping or sleeping outdoors, avoid disturbing or sleeping near rodent droppings or burrows. Avoid sleeping on bare ground. Use a mat or elevated cot if available. Store foods in rodent-proof containers and promptly discard, bury or burn all garbage.

• #51 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps/

  Control rodents outside your house: Clear brush and grass away from the foundation. Place wood piles and garbage cans on platforms at least 12 inches off the ground and keep them at least 100 feet from the house. Haul away junk that can provide homes for rodents. […] When camping or sleeping outdoors, avoid disturbing or sleeping near rodent droppings or burrows. Avoid sleeping on bare ground. Use a mat or elevated cot if available. Store foods in rodent-proof containers and promptly discard, bury or burn all garbage.

• #52 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the Spotlight: Understanding Risks After Betsy Arakawa’s Tragic Death | NETEC

  https://netec.org/2025/03/10/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-in-the-spotlight-understanding-risks-after-betsy-arakawas-tragic-death/

  Minimizing Risk: Practical Measures for the Public To minimize the risk of exposure to hantavirus, individuals should take the following measures: Open and air out buildings such as cabins and sheds, and other areas that may have provided shelter or food, before entering. […] Employ effective trapping methods to eliminate rodents from the premises. […] Seal off potential entry points where rodents may enter homes or shelters. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers. […] Before cleaning, treat nests, droppings, or contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant solution. […] Avoid sweeping up rodent droppings, shaking rugs, or dusting untreated contaminated surfaces to prevent the dispersal of viral particles into the air. […] When handling nests or contaminated articles, wear gloves, practice proper hand hygiene, and refrain from touching your face to minimize the risk of exposure.

• #53 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-059.aspx

  CDPH urges caution on how to avoid hantavirus following diagnosis in Northern California man. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) reminds individuals to take precautions when entering cabins, trailers and other buildings that may be infested with rodents after the recent diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in a Northern California man. To prevent HPS, CDPH recommends the following precautions: Avoid contact with all wild rodents, their droppings, and nesting materials. Before entering an enclosed area that may be infested with rodents, allow it to air out for at least 30 minutes. Do not dry sweep or vacuum areas that rodents have potentially contaminated. Surfaces that rodents may have contaminated with urine or droppings should be made wet with a 10% bleach solution or a commercial disinfectant following label directions before mopping up. Promptly dispose of all cleaning materials when done, and thoroughly wash hands and clothes. Examine the outside of all buildings and seal any holes or other areas that would let rodents get inside. Store all food items securely in rodent-proof containers.

• #54 Hantavirus Infection

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/hantavirus-infection.page

  The best way to prevent hantavirus is to control rodents both inside and outside the home. You should take precautions when exposed to rodent infested environments. […] Remove and secure trash around the home and workplace. […] Dispose of dead rodents properly. Use gloves and avoid directly handling the animal. Individual rodents should be placed in a double plastic bag and placed in the trash. […] If infestation is severe, call a professional. […] When cleaning up rodent droppings, wet them down first with a 10% bleach solution and wear gloves. […] Avoid contact with rodents and rodent burrows when recreating outdoors.

• #55 Understanding Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Risks, Symptoms, and Prevention | NETEC

  https://netec.org/2024/03/11/understanding-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-risks-symptoms-and-prevention/

  HPS is not transmitted from person to person. However, the virus can persist on surfaces and in droppings and nests for hours to days after rodents have vacated the area. Care must be taken during cleaning, as sweeping and dusting can aerosolize infectious particles, increasing the risk of inhalation, which is thought to be the most common pathway of infection. […] To minimize the risk of exposure to hantavirus, individuals should take the following measures: Open and air out buildings such as cabins and sheds, and other areas that may have provided shelter or food, before entering. Employ effective trapping methods to eliminate rodents from the premises. Seal off potential entry points where rodents may enter homes or shelters. Before cleaning, treat nests, droppings, or contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant solution. Avoid sweeping up rodent droppings, shaking rugs, or dusting untreated contaminated surfaces to prevent the dispersal of viral particles into the air. When handling nests or contaminated articles, wear gloves, practice proper hand hygiene, and refrain from touching your face to minimize the risk of exposure.

• #56 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Reducing the risk of exposure to rodents at home, one’s workplace, and when camping prevents hantavirus infection. […] Rodent control methods such as rodenticides, traps, and cats have been proposed as ways to control the rodent population. […] Cleaning and disinfecting human living spaces by removing rodent food sources can prevent the contamination of food and other items with hantaviruses from rodent excretions and secretions. […] Preventing rodents from entering one’s house, removing potential nesting sites around one’s house, sweeping areas likely inhabited by rodents, covering trash cans, cutting grass, spraying water to prevent dust prior to activities, and installing public warning signs in endemic areas can help to reduce contact with rodents. […] People at high risk of infection, including pest exterminators and people who work in agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry can take preventive measures such as wearing masks to prevent exposure to hantaviruses.

• #57 Hantavirus: Understanding the Rare but Serious Disease

  https://aeroclave.com/hantavirus-what-it-is-symptoms-prevention-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  Hantavirus is commonly found in cabins, barns, sheds, attics, basements, and warehouses where rodents may live. If you are working in a high-risk area, take precautions by wearing protective gear, ensuring proper ventilation, and disinfecting surfaces before handling items. People in construction, farming, pest control, and janitorial work should be especially cautious when working in rodent-prone areas. […] For fast and effective decontamination, AeroClaves disinfection system provides a safe and thorough way to kill Hantavirus in homes, public spaces, and work environments. Using Vital Oxide, AeroClave ensures comprehensive coverage, even in hard-to-reach areas, preventing Hantavirus from spreading and eliminating the risk of infection. This solution is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and safe for frequent use, making it ideal for businesses, hospitals, and residential spaces.

• #58 Prevention of a hantavirus infection – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/hantaviruses/prevention-hantavirus-infection.html

  Learn how to prevent being infected by a hantavirus. […] The key to disease prevention is: preventing rodent infestations, properly cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated by rodent droppings. […] Keep your home, workplace, cottage or campsite rodent-free. All rodent droppings are potentially harmful. You should: block openings that might let rodents in, store food, water and garbage in containers with tightly fitted lids, place mousetraps throughout buildings, keep your yard clean, stack woodpiles away from buildings. […] Properly clean and disinfect areas contaminated by rodent droppings. […] Wear rubber or plastic gloves. If you are cleaning in a confined space, wear a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered respirator. […] Do not sweep or vacuum rodent droppings. This will release particles into the air, which you could then breathe in.

• #59 Hantavirus: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hantavirus-symptoms

  The best way to prevent hantavirus infection is to lower your risk of exposure to rodents and the various ways they spread disease. Some tips include: […] Avoid touching rodents or their urine or droppings. If you come into contact, wash your hands afterward. […] Close up potential rodent entryways into your home. […] Set traps or hire a pest control professional if you have a rodent infestation. […] When cleaning an area potentially occupied by rodents, wear a properly fitting respirator mask (such as an N95) and gloves. […] Keep your kitchen clean and store food off the counters to deter rodents.

• #60 Hantavirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/hantavirus/prevention

  The following references provide safety and health information to aid in the prevention and control of Hantavirus hazards. […] Hantavirus Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Provides cleanup information for the prevention of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). […] Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome — United States: Updated Recommendations for Risk Reduction. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 51(RR09);1-12, (July 26, 2002). Provides updated recommendations for prevention and control of Hantavirus infections associated with rodents in the United States. […] Laboratory Management of Agents Associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Interim Biosafety Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 43(RR-7);1-7, (May 13, 1994). Provides interim biosafety guidelines for preventing laboratory-associated infections with agents that cause Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. […] Rodent-Exclusion Manual. National Park Service (NPS), (September 2014). Provides a training guide for NPS employees offering information on rodent biology and ecology, and methods for building inspection and rodent exclusion.

• #61 Hantavirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/hantavirus/prevention

  The following references provide safety and health information to aid in the prevention and control of Hantavirus hazards. […] Hantavirus Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Provides cleanup information for the prevention of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). […] Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome — United States: Updated Recommendations for Risk Reduction. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 51(RR09);1-12, (July 26, 2002). Provides updated recommendations for prevention and control of Hantavirus infections associated with rodents in the United States. […] Laboratory Management of Agents Associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Interim Biosafety Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 43(RR-7);1-7, (May 13, 1994). Provides interim biosafety guidelines for preventing laboratory-associated infections with agents that cause Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. […] Rodent-Exclusion Manual. National Park Service (NPS), (September 2014). Provides a training guide for NPS employees offering information on rodent biology and ecology, and methods for building inspection and rodent exclusion.

• #62 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Treatment and Prevention | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/treatment

  The best approach to HPS is preventing it by minimizing exposure to rodents. […] Seal up (using cement or other patching material) holes or cracks through which rodents may gain entry to your home or work environment. Remember, they can get through openings that are much smaller than you may think. […] Identify potential nesting sites and carefully clean up debris, clear bushes and trap rodents to remove them. When cleaning up, wear protective gear and be extremely careful not to stir up the virus by sweeping waste and debris. Instead, wet down dead rodents and areas where rodents have been with alcohol, household disinfectants or bleach before using a towel to remove the debris. Then mop the area with disinfectant. […] Open and aerate any closed rodent-infested spaces before entering them. Wear a respirator when cleaning buildings with heavy rodent infestations. […] Heavily infested areas should be brought to the attention of the relevant state or federal health officials before cleaning.

• #63 Hantavirus | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/hantavirus

  There is no vaccine to protect against hantavirus. The best way to prevent HPS is to avoid contact with rodents or their feces, urine, and saliva—particularly in areas of the United States where HPS is most common. You can prevent rodents from getting inside your home by sealing all openings greater than ¼ inch. You should also reduce rodent nesting sites and food sources within 100 feet of your home. You can do this by clearing away trash and dense shrubbery. Store all food (including pet food and water) and garbage in tightly sealed containers, as this will reduce a source of attraction for rodents. […] Do not sweep or vacuum mouse or rat urine, droppings or nests. This will cause dust particles to go into the air where they can be breathed in. Wear rubber or plastic gloves and spray the urine and/or droppings with a disinfectant or a mixture of bleach and water. Make sure you get the soiled area very wet. Let the area soak for five minutes and then use a paper towel to wipe up. After discarding the paper towel in the garbage, mop or sponge the area with a disinfectant or bleach solution. Wash your hands both before and after taking off your gloves. For homes with a severe infestation problem, additional precautions and/or assistance from a pest control professional may be necessary.

• #64 Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669544/

  Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. […] There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. […] Given the worldwide distribution of hantaviruses, there is a need for medical countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of hantavirus diseases. There are no current FDA-approved vaccines or antivirals for hantavirus infection. […] Vaccination, in addition to other preventative measures, have decreased the number of cases of HFRS in these regions. […] The overarching goal of these studies is to improve upon the immunological memory that is lacking in the inactivated vaccine currently used in China. […] The need for these medical countermeasures perpetuates as outbreaks around the world continue to occur.

• #65 Understanding Hantavirus and How to Stay Safe – NYAS

  https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/understanding-hantavirus-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  HPS typically begins with nonspecific, flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. […] There is no specific treatment or vaccine for hantavirus infections; therefore, prevention, early recognition and supportive medical care are crucial. […] To minimize the risk of hantavirus exposure, individuals should: Control rodents both inside and outside the home, as this is the best way to prevent hantavirus. […] Remove and secure trash around the home and workplace to limit rodent access. […] Seal holes and gaps in homes to prevent rodent entry. […] Call a professional exterminator if the infestation is severe. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers to reduce the likelihood of attracting rodents. […] Dispose of dead rodents properly by using gloves, placing the animal in a double plastic bag, and discarding it in the trash avoiding direct handling.

• #66 Hantavirus Infection: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/hantavirus-infection

  Despite ongoing research, no World Health Organization-approved vaccine has gained widespread acceptance. However, two HFRS vaccines are in use in the Far East. […] There are no HFRS vaccines approved for use in Europe. Even if the Chinese or Korean vaccines met European regulatory standards, animal studies suggest that vaccines derived from HTNV or SEOV would not protect against PUUV.

• #67 Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669544/

  Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. […] There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. […] Given the worldwide distribution of hantaviruses, there is a need for medical countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of hantavirus diseases. There are no current FDA-approved vaccines or antivirals for hantavirus infection. […] Vaccination, in addition to other preventative measures, have decreased the number of cases of HFRS in these regions. […] The overarching goal of these studies is to improve upon the immunological memory that is lacking in the inactivated vaccine currently used in China. […] The need for these medical countermeasures perpetuates as outbreaks around the world continue to occur.

• #68 Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6669544/

  Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. […] There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. […] Given the worldwide distribution of hantaviruses, there is a need for medical countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of hantavirus diseases. There are no current FDA-approved vaccines or antivirals for hantavirus infection. […] Vaccination, in addition to other preventative measures, have decreased the number of cases of HFRS in these regions. […] The overarching goal of these studies is to improve upon the immunological memory that is lacking in the inactivated vaccine currently used in China. […] The need for these medical countermeasures perpetuates as outbreaks around the world continue to occur.

• #69 Hantavirus Prevention & Treatment | National Jewish Health

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/hantavirus/treatment

  Currently there is no effective antiviral medicine for Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). […] Eliminate or reduce contact with rodents in your house, work or campsite. […] Seal up holes and gaps in your home or garage. […] Place traps around or in dwellings that may be rodent infested. […] Clean up food that would be easy for rodents to access (even pet food). […] Keep your kitchen clean (don’t leave dirty dishes out, clean the counters, keep food covered and put away in tight containers, sweep and mop the floor regularly). […] Tightly lid your trash cans. […] Place traps along baseboards and in tight places. […] Avoid areas showing signs of rodents. […] Avoid actions in rodent areas that raise dust-carefully wet the area with disinfectant to reduce the chance that the virus will get into the air.

• #70 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #71 Hantavirus in Nevada | The Office of State Epidemiology

  https://nvose.org/hantavirus-in-nevada/

  Hantavirus infections of humans occur primarily in adults and are associated with domestic, occupational or leisure activities facilitating contact with infected rodents, usually in a building in a rural setting. […] Risk reduction includes practices that discourage rodents from colonizing the home and work environment and that minimize aerosolization and contact with rodent saliva and excreta. Tactics include eliminating food sources for rodents, reducing nesting sites by sealing holes and using “snap traps” and rodenticides. Before entering areas with potential rodent infestations, doors and windows should be opened to ventilate the enclosure. Regionally and culturally appropriate educational materials should be used to direct prevention messages. […] Hantaviruses, because of their lipid envelope, are susceptible to diluted bleach solutions, detergents and most general household disinfectants. Dusty areas or articles should be moistened with 10% bleach or other disinfectant solution before being cleaned. Brooms and vacuum cleaners should not be used to clean rodent-infested areas. Use of a 10% bleach solution to disinfect dead rodents and wearing rubber gloves before handling trapped or dead rodents is recommended. Gloves and traps should be disinfected after use. The cleanup of areas potentially infested with hantavirus-infected rodents should be conducted by knowledgeable professionals using appropriate personal protective equipment. Potentially infected material should be handled according to local regulations for infectious waste.

• #72 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #73 Hantavirus – National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases

  https://nccid.ca/debrief/hantavirus/

  Effective disinfecting techniques include wearing a fitted filter mask (which are available at safety supply stores), rubber gloves and goggles, ventilating an enclosed area for 30 minutes before cleaning, and use of any general-purpose disinfectant (i.e., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) or household detergents. […] Physical inactivation of the virus can be done by exposure to heat. At a temperature of 56 Celsius, viruses in a cell culture medium exposed for 15 minutes, and 2 hours for dried viruses can inactivate the virus. […] Since there is no vaccine for hantavirus, prevention is necessary. The PHAC recommends proper cleaning and disinfection of areas contaminated by rodent droppings.

• #74 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #75 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #76 Hantavirus in Nevada | The Office of State Epidemiology

  https://nvose.org/hantavirus-in-nevada/

  Hantavirus infections of humans occur primarily in adults and are associated with domestic, occupational or leisure activities facilitating contact with infected rodents, usually in a building in a rural setting. […] Risk reduction includes practices that discourage rodents from colonizing the home and work environment and that minimize aerosolization and contact with rodent saliva and excreta. Tactics include eliminating food sources for rodents, reducing nesting sites by sealing holes and using “snap traps” and rodenticides. Before entering areas with potential rodent infestations, doors and windows should be opened to ventilate the enclosure. Regionally and culturally appropriate educational materials should be used to direct prevention messages. […] Hantaviruses, because of their lipid envelope, are susceptible to diluted bleach solutions, detergents and most general household disinfectants. Dusty areas or articles should be moistened with 10% bleach or other disinfectant solution before being cleaned. Brooms and vacuum cleaners should not be used to clean rodent-infested areas. Use of a 10% bleach solution to disinfect dead rodents and wearing rubber gloves before handling trapped or dead rodents is recommended. Gloves and traps should be disinfected after use. The cleanup of areas potentially infested with hantavirus-infected rodents should be conducted by knowledgeable professionals using appropriate personal protective equipment. Potentially infected material should be handled according to local regulations for infectious waste.

• #77 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome

  Ventilation of rooms before entering, using rubber gloves and disinfectants, and using respirators to avoid inhaling contaminated particles while cleaning up rodent-infested areas reduce the risk of hantavirus infections. […] Hantaviruses can be inactivated by heating them at 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 minutes, or by exposing them to organic solvents, hypochlorite solvents, and ultraviolet light.

• #78 Hantavirus in Nevada | The Office of State Epidemiology

  https://nvose.org/hantavirus-in-nevada/

  Hantavirus infections of humans occur primarily in adults and are associated with domestic, occupational or leisure activities facilitating contact with infected rodents, usually in a building in a rural setting. […] Risk reduction includes practices that discourage rodents from colonizing the home and work environment and that minimize aerosolization and contact with rodent saliva and excreta. Tactics include eliminating food sources for rodents, reducing nesting sites by sealing holes and using “snap traps” and rodenticides. Before entering areas with potential rodent infestations, doors and windows should be opened to ventilate the enclosure. Regionally and culturally appropriate educational materials should be used to direct prevention messages. […] Hantaviruses, because of their lipid envelope, are susceptible to diluted bleach solutions, detergents and most general household disinfectants. Dusty areas or articles should be moistened with 10% bleach or other disinfectant solution before being cleaned. Brooms and vacuum cleaners should not be used to clean rodent-infested areas. Use of a 10% bleach solution to disinfect dead rodents and wearing rubber gloves before handling trapped or dead rodents is recommended. Gloves and traps should be disinfected after use. The cleanup of areas potentially infested with hantavirus-infected rodents should be conducted by knowledgeable professionals using appropriate personal protective equipment. Potentially infected material should be handled according to local regulations for infectious waste.

• #79 Hantavirus – National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases

  https://nccid.ca/debrief/hantavirus/

  Effective disinfecting techniques include wearing a fitted filter mask (which are available at safety supply stores), rubber gloves and goggles, ventilating an enclosed area for 30 minutes before cleaning, and use of any general-purpose disinfectant (i.e., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) or household detergents. […] Physical inactivation of the virus can be done by exposure to heat. At a temperature of 56 Celsius, viruses in a cell culture medium exposed for 15 minutes, and 2 hours for dried viruses can inactivate the virus. […] Since there is no vaccine for hantavirus, prevention is necessary. The PHAC recommends proper cleaning and disinfection of areas contaminated by rodent droppings.

• #80 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/9/753

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance. […] The epidemiological surveillance and the identification of risky factors, areas and time periods are central for reinforcing educational and preventive actions aimed at mitigating human infections and protecting the vulnerable human population. […] Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance to protecting the human population. […] Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. […] The prevention campaign should be intensified during the rodent peak of abundance among health systems staff, rural workers and the general population.

• #81

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40506-020-00236-3

  Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis and there are two main clinical presentations, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). […] At present, severe HPS or HFRS case management is purely based on supportive treatments, often in an intensive care unit. Rodent control and public health education and promotion play a major role in preventing Hantavirus infection.

• #82 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) | Epidemic Control Toolkit

  https://epidemics.ifrc.org/volunteer/disease/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps

  Promote handwashing with soap […] Find out the specific advice being given by health and other relevant authorities […] Model following this advice and inform community members of current health practice advice […] Offer support and encouragement to follow the advice […] With the guidance of your supervisor and health authorities, work with communities to overcome barriers to following health advice and recommended practices.

• #83 Cleaning reminders to help prevent hantavirus | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/news/cleaning-reminders-help-prevent-hantavirus

  North Dakota Health and Human Services (HHS) is encouraging the public to take steps to protect against hantavirus disease. […] HHS offers the following tips to avoid hantavirus infection when cleaning a building with signs of rodent infestation: Ventilate the space by opening the doors and windows for 30 minutes before you start cleaning. Wear gloves and use disinfectant when cleaning up dead rodents or their urine, droppings and nests. Saturate the material with disinfectant for at least five minutes before removal. Mop floors and clean countertops, cabinets and drawers with disinfectant. Use a commercial disinfectant registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and follow the label instructions or use a bleach solution made with one part bleach and ten parts water. Do not stir up dust by sweeping or vacuuming up rodent droppings, urine or nesting materials. Do not let children play in crawl spaces or vacant buildings where rodents may be present.

• #84 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/9/753

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance. […] The epidemiological surveillance and the identification of risky factors, areas and time periods are central for reinforcing educational and preventive actions aimed at mitigating human infections and protecting the vulnerable human population. […] Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance to protecting the human population. […] Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. […] The prevention campaign should be intensified during the rodent peak of abundance among health systems staff, rural workers and the general population.

• #85 Hantavirus Awareness Talk | Eastern Sierra healthcare experts

  https://www.nih.org/nihd-news/2025/april/community-health-talk-highlights-hantavirus-awar/

  Local public health experts came together April 17 to educate Eastern Sierra residents about Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) during a free virtual Community Health Talk hosted by Northern Inyo Healthcare District. […] Representatives from the California Department of Public Health, Mono County Public Health and Environmental Health, Inyo County Public Health and Environmental Health, and Mammoth Hospital joined NIHD to provide vital information on early symptom recognition, prevention strategies, and best practices for safe cleaning in areas where deer mice may be present. […] The panel addressed community questions and emphasized proactive steps to reduce the risk of infection. Residents were encouraged to air out enclosed spaces before cleaning, use disinfectant solutions, and seal small openings in homes and sheds to prevent rodent entry. […] NIHD and its regional health partners remain committed to keeping the community informed, prepared, and protected.

• #86 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/erd/ideb/zdp/hps/

  Rodent control in and around the home remains the primary strategy for preventing Hantavirus infection. […] This helpful Hantavirus Prevention Pamphlet explains how to prevent Hantavirus. The steps include airing out and sealing up buildings, trapping mice, and cleaning up droppings and nests.

• #87 Hantavirus Infection and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

  https://dphhs.mt.gov/publichealth/cdepi/diseases/hantavirus

  Learn more about hantavirus infection below in our resources section with the Hantavirus Fact Sheet and ways to prevent infection in our Hantavirus Prevention Sheet. […] Additional Resources Agricultural Rodent and Pest Control with Bait Stations.

• #88 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/9/753

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance. […] The epidemiological surveillance and the identification of risky factors, areas and time periods are central for reinforcing educational and preventive actions aimed at mitigating human infections and protecting the vulnerable human population. […] Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance to protecting the human population. […] Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. […] The prevention campaign should be intensified during the rodent peak of abundance among health systems staff, rural workers and the general population.

• #89 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/9/753

  Our results suggest that the greater the rodent abundance, the more species present in an assemblage, increasing the risk of contact with humans and thus orthohantavirus infections. […] This can be an overlooked risk factor that should be further investigated in South America, particularly if viral shedding of infected rodents is magnified by stress.

• #90 Hantavirus in Nevada | The Office of State Epidemiology

  https://nvose.org/hantavirus-in-nevada/

  Persons who have been around rodents and subsequently develop symptoms of fever, deep muscle aches and severe shortness of breath should see their health care provider immediately. It is also important for these individuals to notify their health care provider that they have been around rodents — this will alert their physician to look closely for any rodent-carried disease, such as HPS.

• #91 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) | Epidemic Control Toolkit

  https://epidemics.ifrc.org/volunteer/disease/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome-hps

  Promote the use of rodent traps inside and outside homes […] Promote the use of other rodent control measures such as keeping cats […] Identify people with suspected HPS quickly according to community case definition […] Promote secured spaces and prevent rodents from entering houses or accessing stored food and water (including pet or animal food) […] Follow recommended environmental hygiene practices […] Encourage disinfection of homes and other spaces with evidence of rodents […] Promote proper and safe disposal of dead rodents […] Follow recommended kitchen hygiene practices (for example, clean floors and wash dishes and utensils immediately) […] Promote the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and disinfectants when cleaning up rodent droppings and nesting materials

• #92 Hantavirus Awareness Talk | Eastern Sierra healthcare experts

  https://www.nih.org/nihd-news/2025/april/community-health-talk-highlights-hantavirus-awar/

  Local public health experts came together April 17 to educate Eastern Sierra residents about Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) during a free virtual Community Health Talk hosted by Northern Inyo Healthcare District. […] Representatives from the California Department of Public Health, Mono County Public Health and Environmental Health, Inyo County Public Health and Environmental Health, and Mammoth Hospital joined NIHD to provide vital information on early symptom recognition, prevention strategies, and best practices for safe cleaning in areas where deer mice may be present. […] The panel addressed community questions and emphasized proactive steps to reduce the risk of infection. Residents were encouraged to air out enclosed spaces before cleaning, use disinfectant solutions, and seal small openings in homes and sheds to prevent rodent entry. […] NIHD and its regional health partners remain committed to keeping the community informed, prepared, and protected.

• #93 Hantavirus in Nevada | The Office of State Epidemiology

  https://nvose.org/hantavirus-in-nevada/

  Persons who have been around rodents and subsequently develop symptoms of fever, deep muscle aches and severe shortness of breath should see their health care provider immediately. It is also important for these individuals to notify their health care provider that they have been around rodents — this will alert their physician to look closely for any rodent-carried disease, such as HPS.

• #94 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome.aspx

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one kind of disease that can result from hantavirus infection. HPS is the main hantavirus disease of concern in the U.S. HPS is caused by the Sin Nombre virus, which is a specific type of hantavirus in the western U.S., including California. Although it is rare, HPS can be very serious and deadly. Symptoms of HPS are similar to other respiratory infections, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms usually develop weeks after breathing in air contaminated by infected deer mice. There is no specific treatment or cure for HPS, and death is possible, but early medical care can increase the chances of survival. […] Because hantavirus infection can be serious, even deadly, it is important to know how to prevent it. The best way to prevent hantavirus infection is to keep wild rodents, especially mice, out of your home, workplace, cabin, shed, car, camper, or other closed space:

• #95 Understanding Hantavirus and How to Stay Safe – NYAS

  https://www.nyas.org/ideas-insights/blog/understanding-hantavirus-and-how-to-stay-safe/

  HPS typically begins with nonspecific, flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. […] There is no specific treatment or vaccine for hantavirus infections; therefore, prevention, early recognition and supportive medical care are crucial. […] To minimize the risk of hantavirus exposure, individuals should: Control rodents both inside and outside the home, as this is the best way to prevent hantavirus. […] Remove and secure trash around the home and workplace to limit rodent access. […] Seal holes and gaps in homes to prevent rodent entry. […] Call a professional exterminator if the infestation is severe. […] Store food in rodent-proof containers to reduce the likelihood of attracting rodents. […] Dispose of dead rodents properly by using gloves, placing the animal in a double plastic bag, and discarding it in the trash avoiding direct handling.

• #96

  https://www.myhealthunit.ca/en/health-topics/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome.aspx

  The key to disease prevention is preventing rodent infestations and properly cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated by rodent droppings. Keep your home, workplace, cottage, or campsite rodent-free. […] See a healthcare provider immediately if you have had contact with rodents or their droppings and urine and are showing some or all of the symptoms. Be sure to mention that you have had contact with rodents or their droppings or urine. […] No exclusion necessary as it does not spread person to person.

• #97 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

  https://www.in.gov/health/reports/disease/1999/hantavirus.htm

  Hantavirus is contracted by inhaling aerosolized droplets of feces, urine, or saliva from rodents, including the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, the predominant reservoir of infection identified in the outbreak in the southwestern United States. […] The best way to prevent infection with hantavirus is avoid contact with rodents or the places where they live. If a person can’t avoid such contact, they can minimize the risk by following some simple measures: 1) set traps when rodents are observed in the home; 2) always wear gloves when handling rodents or their droppings; 3) prior to cleaning, moisten and disinfect (with dilute bleach, for example) sites where rodents and droppings have been observed so that dust is not aerosolized; and 4) rodent-proof homes as much as possible by sealing gaps where mice might enter.

• #98 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  As spring/summer weather approaches, it is important to review the steps the public can take to prevent Hantavirus cases from occurring. A major strategy is to avoid contact with rodents, including mice, rodent droppings, or rodent nests […] The best advice is to avoid all rodents, rodent nests, and items contaminated by rodents and rodent droppings. […] Early diagnosis and rapid transfer to a critical care facility has been shown to reduce the fatality rate. There is currently no vaccine or cure for Hantavirus infection, but steps can be taken to reduce the risk of getting the disease. […] Four Steps To Reduce your Risk Of Getting Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): […] 1. AIR OUT […] When entering buildings that have been closed up for an extended time, or which are infested with rodents, open doors and allow the building to air out thoroughly for several hours before entering. Avoid creating dust that could be inhaled.

• #99 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Teton County, WY

  https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/1904/Hantavirus-Pulmonary-Syndrome-HPS

  HPS Prevention The CDC divides HPS prevention into three steps: Seal Up!, Trap Up!, and Clean Up! […] Seal Up! Seal human food, animal food, and trash cans in containers with tight fitting lids. Seal holes in your home around pipes, vents, windows, and doors. Mice can fit into holes the size of a nickel, while rats can fit into holes the size of a half dollar! […] Trap Up! Snap traps and poison bait traps are effective methods of stopping an infestation once it has already started. Avoid glue and live traps as these may scare the rodents and cause them to urinate, increasing the potential to spread Hantaviruses. […] Clean Up! Clean up dead rodents, droppings, urine, and nests safely. Remember, dont sweep or vacuum. This will cause virus particles to become airborne! […] Wear disposable rubber, nitrile, or latex gloves. For heavy infestations wear additional protective equipment including NIOSH approved respirators (see Cleaning Up After Rodents for more information).

• #100 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  As spring/summer weather approaches, it is important to review the steps the public can take to prevent Hantavirus cases from occurring. A major strategy is to avoid contact with rodents, including mice, rodent droppings, or rodent nests […] The best advice is to avoid all rodents, rodent nests, and items contaminated by rodents and rodent droppings. […] Early diagnosis and rapid transfer to a critical care facility has been shown to reduce the fatality rate. There is currently no vaccine or cure for Hantavirus infection, but steps can be taken to reduce the risk of getting the disease. […] Four Steps To Reduce your Risk Of Getting Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): […] 1. AIR OUT […] When entering buildings that have been closed up for an extended time, or which are infested with rodents, open doors and allow the building to air out thoroughly for several hours before entering. Avoid creating dust that could be inhaled.

• #101 Hantavirus | South Dakota Department of Health

  https://doh.sd.gov/diseases/hantavirus/

  If possible, locate hay, woodpiles and garbage cans 100 feet or more from the house and elevate at least 12″ off the ground. […] Trap or poison rodents outdoors too. Just be sure to keep poisons out of the reach of children or pets. […] When going into cabins or other outbuildings that may be infested, open them up and air them out for at least 30 minutes before cleaning. […] Wear latex rubber gloves. Dont stir up dust. Thoroughly wet contaminated areas with detergent, general purpose disinfectant or 10% household bleach solution (1 cups of household bleach per gallon of water). Once everything is wet, mop or sponge up. Don’t use vacuum cleaners or brooms, since they may create aerosols. […] Spray dead rodents, urine or droppings with a disinfectant or the bleach solution from step 2. Soak for 5 minutes before wiping up with a paper towel or rag. Place cleaning materials, mouse, trap and nesting materials in a plastic bag and seal it. Place in a second bag and seal that as well. […] Wash gloved hands with soap and water before removing gloves; after taking off gloves, thoroughly wash hands with soap and water. […] For heavy rodent infestations, seek help from professional exterminators.

• #102 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  2. SEAL OUT […] Reduce rodent habitat in and around your home to discourage rodents. Keep food (including pet food) in rodent-proof containers. Keep woodpiles and other debris at least 100 feet from your home. Seal up any opening into your home that is larger than inch (about the size of a dime) to keep rodents out. […] 3. TRAP OUT […] Trap or use rodent bait to reduce the number of rodents in and around your home. When trapping rodents, use spring traps and discard the rodent into a plastic garbage bag after first disinfecting the dead rodent and trap. Use rubber gloves when handling the trapped rodent. Disinfect the area (especially urine and droppings) with a disinfectant that kills viruses. […] 4. CLEAN OUT […] Use only wet cleaning methods to avoid creating dust. If you need to clean rodent nests or droppings, spray them with a disinfectant such as chlorine bleach, a phenol-type spray such as Lysol, or other chemicals labeled to kill viruses to disinfect the area and material. Thoroughly wet the rodent nests and surrounding area with disinfectant solution before cleaning. Do not use a vacuum cleaner. Commercially steam clean or shampoo carpets. To avoid carpet damage, do not use chlorine bleach solution. Clothing or bedding contaminated by rodents should be laundered. Don’t shake the clothing out prior to laundering. Wear rubber gloves (re-usable or disposable) while cleaning rodent droppings, nests, or objects contaminated with rodent droppings. Finally, disinfect all reusable materials after clean-up.

• #103 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Teton County, WY

  https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/1904/Hantavirus-Pulmonary-Syndrome-HPS

  HPS Prevention The CDC divides HPS prevention into three steps: Seal Up!, Trap Up!, and Clean Up! […] Seal Up! Seal human food, animal food, and trash cans in containers with tight fitting lids. Seal holes in your home around pipes, vents, windows, and doors. Mice can fit into holes the size of a nickel, while rats can fit into holes the size of a half dollar! […] Trap Up! Snap traps and poison bait traps are effective methods of stopping an infestation once it has already started. Avoid glue and live traps as these may scare the rodents and cause them to urinate, increasing the potential to spread Hantaviruses. […] Clean Up! Clean up dead rodents, droppings, urine, and nests safely. Remember, dont sweep or vacuum. This will cause virus particles to become airborne! […] Wear disposable rubber, nitrile, or latex gloves. For heavy infestations wear additional protective equipment including NIOSH approved respirators (see Cleaning Up After Rodents for more information).

• #104 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  2. SEAL OUT […] Reduce rodent habitat in and around your home to discourage rodents. Keep food (including pet food) in rodent-proof containers. Keep woodpiles and other debris at least 100 feet from your home. Seal up any opening into your home that is larger than inch (about the size of a dime) to keep rodents out. […] 3. TRAP OUT […] Trap or use rodent bait to reduce the number of rodents in and around your home. When trapping rodents, use spring traps and discard the rodent into a plastic garbage bag after first disinfecting the dead rodent and trap. Use rubber gloves when handling the trapped rodent. Disinfect the area (especially urine and droppings) with a disinfectant that kills viruses. […] 4. CLEAN OUT […] Use only wet cleaning methods to avoid creating dust. If you need to clean rodent nests or droppings, spray them with a disinfectant such as chlorine bleach, a phenol-type spray such as Lysol, or other chemicals labeled to kill viruses to disinfect the area and material. Thoroughly wet the rodent nests and surrounding area with disinfectant solution before cleaning. Do not use a vacuum cleaner. Commercially steam clean or shampoo carpets. To avoid carpet damage, do not use chlorine bleach solution. Clothing or bedding contaminated by rodents should be laundered. Don’t shake the clothing out prior to laundering. Wear rubber gloves (re-usable or disposable) while cleaning rodent droppings, nests, or objects contaminated with rodent droppings. Finally, disinfect all reusable materials after clean-up.

• #105 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Teton County, WY

  https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/1904/Hantavirus-Pulmonary-Syndrome-HPS

  HPS Prevention The CDC divides HPS prevention into three steps: Seal Up!, Trap Up!, and Clean Up! […] Seal Up! Seal human food, animal food, and trash cans in containers with tight fitting lids. Seal holes in your home around pipes, vents, windows, and doors. Mice can fit into holes the size of a nickel, while rats can fit into holes the size of a half dollar! […] Trap Up! Snap traps and poison bait traps are effective methods of stopping an infestation once it has already started. Avoid glue and live traps as these may scare the rodents and cause them to urinate, increasing the potential to spread Hantaviruses. […] Clean Up! Clean up dead rodents, droppings, urine, and nests safely. Remember, dont sweep or vacuum. This will cause virus particles to become airborne! […] Wear disposable rubber, nitrile, or latex gloves. For heavy infestations wear additional protective equipment including NIOSH approved respirators (see Cleaning Up After Rodents for more information).

• #106 Hantavirus | FDIHB, Inc.

  https://www.fdihb.org/tsehootsooi/hantavirus

  2. SEAL OUT […] Reduce rodent habitat in and around your home to discourage rodents. Keep food (including pet food) in rodent-proof containers. Keep woodpiles and other debris at least 100 feet from your home. Seal up any opening into your home that is larger than inch (about the size of a dime) to keep rodents out. […] 3. TRAP OUT […] Trap or use rodent bait to reduce the number of rodents in and around your home. When trapping rodents, use spring traps and discard the rodent into a plastic garbage bag after first disinfecting the dead rodent and trap. Use rubber gloves when handling the trapped rodent. Disinfect the area (especially urine and droppings) with a disinfectant that kills viruses. […] 4. CLEAN OUT […] Use only wet cleaning methods to avoid creating dust. If you need to clean rodent nests or droppings, spray them with a disinfectant such as chlorine bleach, a phenol-type spray such as Lysol, or other chemicals labeled to kill viruses to disinfect the area and material. Thoroughly wet the rodent nests and surrounding area with disinfectant solution before cleaning. Do not use a vacuum cleaner. Commercially steam clean or shampoo carpets. To avoid carpet damage, do not use chlorine bleach solution. Clothing or bedding contaminated by rodents should be laundered. Don’t shake the clothing out prior to laundering. Wear rubber gloves (re-usable or disposable) while cleaning rodent droppings, nests, or objects contaminated with rodent droppings. Finally, disinfect all reusable materials after clean-up.

• #107 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | Teton County, WY

  https://www.tetoncountywy.gov/1904/Hantavirus-Pulmonary-Syndrome-HPS

  Saturate dead rodents, droppings, urine, and nests with a bleach solution. This can be made by mixing 1 cups of household bleach with 1 gallon of water. Smaller amounts can be made with 1 part bleach and 9 parts water. Let soak for at least 5 minutes. Follow manufacturers instructions for other disinfectants. This will both kill viruses and prevent them from becoming airborne. […] Remove dead rodents and nest materials and place into plastic trash bags. Double bag it. […] Use disposable towels to wipe away droppings and urine. […] Disinfect other surfaces that may have been contaminated. […] Disinfect disposable gloves before removal. […] Wash hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds.

• #108 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome.aspx

  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one kind of disease that can result from hantavirus infection. HPS is the main hantavirus disease of concern in the U.S. HPS is caused by the Sin Nombre virus, which is a specific type of hantavirus in the western U.S., including California. Although it is rare, HPS can be very serious and deadly. Symptoms of HPS are similar to other respiratory infections, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and difficulty breathing. Symptoms usually develop weeks after breathing in air contaminated by infected deer mice. There is no specific treatment or cure for HPS, and death is possible, but early medical care can increase the chances of survival. […] Because hantavirus infection can be serious, even deadly, it is important to know how to prevent it. The best way to prevent hantavirus infection is to keep wild rodents, especially mice, out of your home, workplace, cabin, shed, car, camper, or other closed space:

• #109

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40506-020-00236-3

  Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis and there are two main clinical presentations, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). […] At present, severe HPS or HFRS case management is purely based on supportive treatments, often in an intensive care unit. Rodent control and public health education and promotion play a major role in preventing Hantavirus infection.

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