Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cardiogenic Shock: Risk Factors, Causes and Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17837-cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock is a serious condition that happens when your heart cant supply enough oxygen-rich blood to your body to meet its needs. It can be fatal when a lack of oxygen causes your organs to fail. […] This condition is an emergency situation that requires immediate treatment in a hospital. […] Cardiogenic shock stages range from being at risk to being very ill. Stages are: At risk (A): Heart disease, such as heart attack or heart failure, but no signs of shock. Beginning (B): Low blood pressure or heart rate. Classic (C): Need for medicine or devices to help get blood to organs. Deteriorating (D): Not responding to medicine or devices and getting worse. Extremis (E): Cardiac arrest that needs CPR, ventilator and defibrillator. […] Its important to get immediate treatment if you have any symptoms of a heart attack, such as: Chest pain that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. Your chest may feel heavy, tight, full or numb. You may feel pressure, aching, burning or squeezing. The pain may feel like heartburn. In some patients, especially women, chest pain isn’t always the main symptom. Be alert for other signs listed below.

• #2 Cardiogenic Shock – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock/symptoms

  If you or someone else is having these symptoms, call 9-1-1 right away for emergency treatment. Prompt medical care can save your life and prevent or limit organ damage. […] Symptoms of cardiogenic shock vary, depending on how quickly and how low your blood pressure drops. Cardiogenic shock may start with symptoms such as confusion or rapid breathing, or a person may have no symptoms and then suddenly lose consciousness. […] The most common signs of cardiogenic shock are: Low blood pressure, which can make you feel dizzy, confused, and nauseous; Weak or irregular pulse. […] Symptoms of cardiogenic shock may include: Breathing problems, including fast breathing and severe shortness of breath; Bulging veins in the neck; Clammy skin; Cold hands and feet; Fever; Loss of consciousness; Swelling of feet; Urinating much less than usual or not at all; Cardiac arrest.

• #3 Cardiogenic Shock – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482255/

  Cardiogenic shock is defined as a primary cardiac disorder that results in both clinical and biochemical evidence of tissue hypoperfusion. Clinical criteria include a systolic blood pressure of less than or equal to 90 mm Hg for greater than or equal to 30 minutes or support to maintain systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mm Hg and urine output less than or equal to 30 mL/hr or cool extremities. Hemodynamic criteria include a depressed cardiac index (less than or equal to 2.2 liters per minute per square meter of body surface area) and an elevated pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure greater than 15 mm Hg. […] The presenting symptoms of cardiogenic shock are variable. The most common clinical manifestations of shock, such as hypotension, altered mental status, oliguria, and cold, clammy skin, can be seen in patients with cardiogenic shock.

• #4 Cardiogenic Shock: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152191-overview

  The clinical definition of cardiogenic shock (CS) is decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death in acute myocardial infarction (MI), with mortality rates as high as 50% in the absence of aggressive, highly experienced technical care. […] The diagnosis of cardiogenic shock can sometimes be made at the bedside by observing the following: Hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 90 mmHg for 30 min or supportive intervention to maintain SBP 90 mmHg), absence of hypovolemia, clinical signs of poor tissue perfusion (ie, oliguria, cyanosis, cool extremities, altered mentation, decreased urine output 30 mL/h). […] Ultimately, patients develop systemic hypotension (ie, systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg or a decrease in mean blood pressure by 30 mm Hg).

• #5 Cardiogenic shock – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiogenic-shock/symptoms-causes/syc-20366739

  Cardiogenic shock signs and symptoms include: Rapid breathing, Severe shortness of breath, Sudden, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), Loss of consciousness, Weak pulse, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Sweating, Pale skin, Cold hands or feet, Urinating less than normal or not at all. […] Seek medical attention quickly when having these signs or symptoms to decrease your risk of developing cardiogenic shock. […] If you have a heart attack, quick action can help prevent cardiogenic shock. Seek emergency medical help if you think you’re having a heart attack.

• #6 Cardiogenic Shock | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/cardiogenic-shock

  Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock may include: Rapid breathing […] Severe shortness of breath […] Sudden, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) […] Weak pulse […] Low blood pressure (hypotension) […] Sweating […] Pale skin […] Cold hands or feet […] Less than normal urination or none at all […] Loss of consciousness. […] Because cardiogenic shock usually results from a severe heart attack, people may also feel the symptoms of a heart attack. These include: Pressure, fullness or a squeezing pain in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes […] Pain extending to your shoulder, one or both arms, your back, or even your teeth and jaw […] Shortness of breath […] Sweating […] Light-headedness or sudden dizziness […] Nausea and vomiting.

• #7 Cardiogenic Shock – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock/symptoms

  Many of these symptoms develop because the heart does not deliver enough blood to the body’s tissues and organs. For example, as blood pressure drops during cardiogenic shock, the body tries to compensate by limiting blood flow to the hands and feet, causing them to cool down. […] As blood flow to the brain drops, the person may become confused or lose consciousness. The kidneys may shut down, producing less urine. Reduced blood flow in the lungs may lead to fluid buildup there, making it hard to breathe.

• #8 Cardiogenic shock – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock

  Fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, hypotension, sweating, chest pain, dizziness or lightheadedness, nausea, decreased level of consciousness. […] Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and decreased level of consciousness. People may also have a severely low blood pressure and heart rate. […] The presentation is the following: Anxiety, restlessness, altered mental state due to decreased blood flow to the brain, and subsequent hypoxia. Low blood pressure due to decrease in cardiac output. A rapid, weak, thready pulse due to decreased circulation combined with tachycardia. Cool, clammy, and mottled skin (cutis marmorata) due to vasoconstriction and subsequent hypoperfusion of the skin. Distended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure. Oliguria (low urine output) due to inadequate blood flow to the kidneys if the condition persists. Rapid and deeper respirations (hyperventilation) due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and acidosis. Fatigue due to hyperventilation and hypoxia. Absent pulse in fast and abnormal heart rhythms. Pulmonary edema, involving fluid back-up in the lungs due to insufficient pumping of the heart. Loss of consciousness, coma, and persistent vegetative state due to loss of blood and oxygen to the brain.

• #9 Cardiogenic Shock: Signs, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to supply enough blood to the vital organs of the body. […] As a result of the failure of the heart to pump enough nutrients to the body, blood pressure falls and organs may begin to fail. […] Symptoms of cardiogenic shock can appear very quickly. Symptoms may include the following: confusion and anxiety, sweating and cold extremities, like fingers and toes, rapid but weak heartbeat, low or absent urinary output, fatigue, sudden shortness of breath, fainting or dizziness, coma, if measures aren’t taken in time to stop the shock, chest pain, if preceded by a heart attack. […] It’s vital to call 911 or immediately go to an emergency room if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms. The sooner the condition is treated, the better the outlook.

• #10 Cardiogenic Shock

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/cardiogenic-shock/

  Cardiogenic shock symptoms include the following: […] Cold hands or feet […] Fainting […] Low blood pressure (hypotension) […] Pale skin […] Severe shortness of breath […] Sudden increase in sweating […] Urinating less than normal or not at all […] Weak pulse. […] The acute onset of these symptoms could indicate the early stages of cardiogenic shock, heart attack, or another cardiac-related condition. […] Cardiogenic shock is a condition in which your heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. The condition is most often caused by an extensive heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is rare, but it’s often fatal if not treated immediately. If treated immediately, about half the people who develop the condition survive.

• #11 Cardiogenic shock – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump as much blood as the body needs. It can happen even if there hasn’t been a heart attack if one of these problems occurs and your heart function drops suddenly. […] Symptoms include: Chest pain or pressure, Coma, Decreased urination, Fast breathing, Fast pulse, Heavy sweating, moist skin, Lightheadedness, Loss of alertness and ability to concentrate, Restlessness, agitation, confusion, Shortness of breath, Skin that feels cool to the touch, Pale skin color or blotchy skin, Weak (thready) pulse. […] When cardiogenic shock is not treated, the outlook is very poor.

• #12 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cardiogenic-Shock-Symptoms.aspx

  In most cases of cardiogenic shock, the left ventricle of the heart has become damaged as a result of myocardial infarction. Common symptoms of cardiogenic shock include a rapid heart rate and shortness of breath. […] Some examples of cardiogenic shock symptoms are described below: Rapid, weak or irregular pulse caused by poor circulation. Cool, clammy skin caused by constriction of blood vessels in the skin. Anxiety, restlessness and confusion caused by compromised blood supply to the brain (hypoxia). Hypoxia can eventually lead to coma. Increased respiration rate due to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. A sharp fall in blood pressure due to falling cardiac output. Distended jugular veins due to rise in jugular venous pressure. Pulmonary edema due to ineffective pumping of the heart causing fluid to move back into the lungs. There may be a low urine output or oliguria due to decreased blood supply to the kidneys. […] As the preload increases, so does the cardiac output and eventually the muscle walls become so stretched, they can no longer increase the force at which the ventricle pumps and ventricular function deteriorates. If enough ventricular function is lost, cardiogenic shock may result.

• #13 What Are Cardiogenic Shock Causes?

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-are-cardiogenic-shock-causes

  The most dangerous symptom of cardiogenic shock is organ failure that begins when a fresh supply of oxygen is cut off. If this goes on for too long, you will die. It’s important to call 911 or have someone drive you to the emergency room as soon as you begin to feel a combination of the following symptoms: […] If you only have one of these symptoms, cardiogenic shock is probably not the cause. But if you have many of these symptoms at the same time you should get medical help. […] You may still have several symptoms after surviving cardiogenic shock. Any damage to the liver, kidneys, heart, and other organs can cause lasting problems. The extent of the damage and severity of symptoms depends on how long the oxygen supply was cut off. If this time was too great, you may not survive.

• #14 Cardiogenic shock history and symptoms – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiogenic_shock_history_and_symptoms

  The presenting symptoms of cardiogenic shock are variable. The most common clinical manifestations of shock, such as hypotension, altered mental status, oliguria, and cold, clammy skin, can be seen in patients with cardiogenic shock. […] Irrespective to the form of shock, most patients will commonly present with: Chest pain, Respiratory distress due to possible pulmonary congestion, Anxiety, confusion and agitation, Fatigue, due to the work of breathing and hypoxia. […] Altered mental status, possibly including flacid coma due to decreased cerebral perfusion and ensuing hypoxia, Hypotension, Oliguria, Cool extremities, Clammy skin. […] The patient may present these symptoms immediately after the myocardial infarction, therefore manifesting them on admission, or as happens in most cases, develop them later during hospital admission.

• #15 Cardiogenic Shock – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/cardiogenic-shock.htm

  Decrease in the tissue and organ blood flow leads to multiple organ system failure and the signs and symptoms are categorized organ wise as follows: […] Cold and clammy skin […] Cyanosis: it is the bluish discoloration of the skin due to decreased oxygenation […] Confusion and irritability […] Stupor […] Tachypnea: Increased rate of breathing to compensate for the reduced oxygenation […] Coma […] Oliguria: decreased urine output […] Tachycardia: increased heart rate 100/ minute […] Thready pulse […] Angina: tight squeezing and constricting chest pain […] Pulmonary edema […] Arrhythmias: irregularity in the rhythm of heart beat […] Hypotension: decreased systolic Blood pressure.

• #16 Cardiogenic Shock | 5-Minute Emergency Consult

  https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307026/all/Cardiogenic_Shock

  Persistent hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion due to cardiac dysfunction in the presence of adequate intravascular volume and left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. […] 58% of patients with STEMI develop cardiogenic shock. […] Labored breathing and tachypnea (early); respiratory failure (late). […] Hypotension: Systolic BP 90 mm Hg for at least 30 min or decline by at least 30 mm Hg below baseline level. […] Weak pulses. […] Cyanosis. […] Pallor. […] Diaphoresis. […] Dulled sensorium. […] Decrease in body temperature. […] Urine flow of 20 mL/hr. […] Jugular venous distention. […] Ischemic chest pain. […] Systolic apical blowing murmur. […] S3 reflects severe myocardial dysfunction. […] S4 is present in 80% patients in sinus rhythm with AMI. […] Systolic click: Suggests rupture of the chordae tendineae. […] Epigastric pain. […] Nausea and vomiting. […] Obtundation. […] Distended neck veins and cool extremities distinguish cardiogenic shock from distributive and hypovolemic shock. […] Early recognition of preshock states is essential. […] Early revascularization offers better outcomes.

• #17 Cardiogenic Shock | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the vital organs in the body. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Cardiogenic shock is most often caused by a heart attack. Some 40,000 to 50,000 Americans each year experience cardiogenic shock. […] The onset of signs and symptoms can occur very quickly, so it is extremely important to call 911 or immediately go to the emergency room. Symptoms may include: Chest pain that lasts for more than a few minutes or decreases and then returns, Sudden shortness of breath or trouble breathing, Fainting or dizziness, Feeling lightheaded and/or anxious, Rapid, but weak heartbeat, Sweating and cold extremities, like fingers and toes, Fatigue, Confusion and anxiety. […] Cardiogenic shock is often diagnosed in the emergency room. During the physical examination, the healthcare provider may find symptoms of cardiogenic shock which include: Low blood pressure, Weak pulse, Cold and clammy skin, Abnormal heart rhythm or heart murmur. […] Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening medical condition which requires immediate medical attention to improve blood and oxygen flow to the major organs.

• #18 Cardiogenic Shock | Heart & Vascular | Loyola Medicine

  https://www.loyolamedicine.org/services/heart-and-vascular/heart-vascular-conditions/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock is a heart condition that results in the bodys loss of blood and oxygen due to the heart functioning poorly, including poor pumping of the blood. Cardiogenic shock most often occurs in older adults and women. […] Key signs of cardiogenic shock are closely related to signs of heart attack. For instance, an increased number of moments with chest pain or pressure, sweating, rapid breathing, and dizziness are signs of cardiogenic shock. A weak pulse, pale skin and loss of consciousness are also key signs that cardiogenic shock has occurred. […] Other signs and symptoms include: Decreased urination, Chest pain that extends to the shoulder, arms, back, teeth, and/or jaw, Cold hands and/or feet, Nausea and/or vomiting, Significantly reduced or severely low blood pressure. […] Emergency treatment is needed in cases of cardiogenic shock. Without treatment, outcomes can be fatal or result in death. Damage to other other vital organs, such as the brain, liver, and kidneys, may also occur due to lack of oxygen delivery to those organs.

• #19 Cardiogenic Shock Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152191-clinical

  Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency. A complete clinical assessment is critical to understanding the cause of the shock and to targeting therapy for correcting the cause. The presenting history will vary depending on the underlying etiology of cardiogenic shock. […] Patients demonstrate clinical evidence of hypoperfusion (low cardiac output), which is manifested by sinus tachycardia, low urine output, and cool extremities. Systemic hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg or a decrease of 30 mm Hg in mean blood pressure, ultimately develops and further propagates tissue hypoperfusion. […] Patients also may report associated autonomic symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and sweating. […] Other associated symptoms are diaphoresis, exertional dyspnea, or dyspnea at rest. Presyncope or syncope, palpitations, generalized anxiety, and depression are other features indicative of poor cardiac function.

• #20 Management of cardiogenic shock: a narrative review | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-024-01260-y

  CS is defined as clinical and biological evidence of tissue hypoperfusion secondary to cardiac dysfunction. Although the clinical definition of CS varies, it usually includes hypotension (systolic blood pressure90 mmHg) despite adequate filling pressures, and signs of organ hypoperfusion. […] The relatively new classification of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) describes five evolutive stages of CS, from A (preshock, i.e., a patient at risk but with no obvious signs of hypoperfusion) to E (extremis, i.e., refractory circulatory collapse) attempting to better describe the different levels of CS severity. […] Distinguishing between acute CS and acute-on-chronic CS is essential because mortality is higher in acute CS. […] In acute CS, there is a sudden reduction in ventricular contractility, leading to decreases in stroke volume, CO and blood pressure and increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure.

• #21 What are the Symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock?

  https://cvrti.utah.edu/what-are-the-symptoms-of-cardiogenic-shock/

  Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart has been damaged to the point that it is no longer capable of supplying enough blood and oxygen to the bodys organs. This has the potential to be a serious medical condition that can lead to many health issues and even death. Below, youll learn more about cardiogenic shock including signs and symptoms to watch out for. […] Cardiogenic shock progresses through four stagesinitial, compensatory, progressive, and refractory. […] In the initial stage, the heart output is diminished, but there arent any clinical symptoms that would necessarily be noticed. When it moves to the compensatory stage, the body responds to the decreased cardio output and essentially starts to change the blood pressure in the body. This can start to cause a host of issues in the body.

• #22 What are the Symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock?

  https://cvrti.utah.edu/what-are-the-symptoms-of-cardiogenic-shock/

  Next comes the progressive stage if there is no intervention to help the blood pressure return to normal, get healthier, and reverse the problem. At this stage, the heart is under increased demand, which can lead to metabolic acidosis and fluid leakage from the capillaries. This can cause clotting in the capillaries and tissue death. Cardiac output is further reduced at this stage and will eventually lead to the refractory stage if there is no intervention. The chance of survival when cardiogenic shock gets to this stage is limited. […] At this stage, there are also often other complications that arise, which can make treatment even more difficult. Some of these complications include organ failure, stroke, and cardiopulmonary arrest. […] If you or a loved one is suffering from cardiogenic shock, you will want to be aware of some of the most common signs. If you feel any of these issues, you must get in touch with your doctor right away.

• #23 Cardiogenic shock: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart cannot pump blood to the brain and other key organs. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. […] Cardiogenic shock is a state that occurs suddenly when the heart cannot supply fresh blood and, therefore, oxygen to the brain and other organs. […] Without blood and fresh oxygen reaching the organs and brain, the body goes into a state of shock. Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency. Without immediate treatment, cardiogenic shock can be fatal. […] The symptoms of cardiogenic shock occur as a reaction to the loss of oxygen-rich blood in the body. […] The symptoms that a person experiences may depend on how quickly the blood pressure drops and how low it gets. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms at first, whereas others may have no symptoms and then immediately lose consciousness.

• #24 What You Need To Know About Cardiogenic Shock | Tufts Medicine

  https://www.tuftsmedicine.org/about-us/news/what-you-need-know-about-cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock is serious and often sudden. […] When your heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to your body, you may be in danger of a deadly condition called cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is an emergency and it must be treated in a hospital immediately. […] Symptoms may appear seemingly without warning as in a heart attack with chest pains and sudden shortness of breath or more gradually with weakness, nausea, swelling of the legs and light-headedness occurring over time—as in heart failure. […] In the early stages of cardiogenic shock you may need help from medicine or medical devices to move blood from your heart to your organs. […] If you notice you are breathing faster and feel panicked, confused, faint or your skin feels clammy, you should contact your doctor right away.

• #25 Cardiogenic shock history and symptoms – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiogenic_shock_history_and_symptoms

  These patients tend to evolve slowly into shock, first experiencing a decrease in cardiac output before hypotension is installed. […] This delay is thought to be due either to the failure of the compensatory mechanisms, that were initially protecting the body against the hemodynamic repercussions of MI or, to a possible reinfarction or occurrence of mechanical complications. […] The diagnosis of cardiogenic shock may be suspected from the clinical manifestations described above, aided by elements such as blood pressure, EKG and chest x-ray. […] Because of the urgency of starting treatment for this condition, due to the otherwise catastrophic outcome, the diagnostic procedures must be carried out along with resuscitative efforts.

• #26 Cardiogenic Shock: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock symptoms can include: chest pain, nausea and vomiting, dyspnoea, profuse sweating, confusion/disorientation, palpitations, faintness/syncope. […] The symptoms and signs can present abruptly or develop insidiously over the course of many hours. […] Shock is due to an inability to perfuse vital organs and tissues adequately. The skin, brain, heart and kidneys are usually most severely affected by this. […] Pale, mottled, cold skin with slow capillary refill and poor peripheral pulses. […] Hypotension (remember to check BP in both arms in case of aortic dissection). […] Tachycardia/bradycardia. […] Raised JVP/distension of neck veins. […] Peripheral oedema. […] Quiet heart sounds or presence of third and fourth heart sounds. […] Heaves, thrills or murmurs may be present and may indicate the cause, such as valve dysfunction. […] Bilateral basal pulmonary crackles or wheeze may occur. […] Oliguria (catheterisation is a useful early monitoring intervention). […] Altered mental state.

• #27 Cardiogenic Shock: Risk Factors, Causes and Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17837-cardiogenic-shock

  Other symptoms related to cardiogenic shock can include: Confusion or not being alert. Fainting. Very low blood pressure. Weak pulse. Trouble breathing. Peeing less than normal. Cool hands and feet. Pale skin. Feeling very tired. Swelling in your belly and legs. Poor appetite. […] The impact cardiogenic shock has on your life depends on how quickly you get treatment. The less time youre in shock, the better. Less time in shock means less damage to your major organs. The risk of cardiogenic shock becoming fatal goes up along with the number of organs that arent getting enough blood. […] Although the chances of surviving cardiogenic shock have improved over time, 50% to 75% of people dont survive it. Without and even with treatment, the condition can be fatal.

• #28 Cardiogenic Shock – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482255/

  Cardiogenic shock carries a poor prognosis and is the leading cause of death in patients with an acute MI. Close to 80% of patients die despite optimal treatment. Complications associated with cardiogenic shock include: Dysrhythmias, Cardiac arrest, Renal failure, Ventricular aneurysm, Stroke, Thromboembolism, Death. […] Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening disorder and is the main cause of death after an acute MI. Even in the best of hands and the latest treatment, the condition carries a mortality rate in excess of 30%. The key to survival is to have prompt resuscitation with coronary artery revascularization. Unfortunately, even with revascularization, multiorgan failure is common, and long-term survival is not guaranteed.

• #29 Cardiogenic Shock: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/cardiogenic-shock

  Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency that occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body`s needs. Symptoms include rapid breathing, a weak pulse, and low blood pressure. The common symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock include low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, cold and clammy skin, confusion or altered mental state, chest pain, and decreased urine output. Additionally, patients may experience weakness, lightheadedness or fainting, and fatigue. Specific signs of Cardiogenic Shock include low blood pressure, poor peripheral circulation, and decreased organ function, including kidney, liver and lung function. Yes, in some cases, heart failure can lead to Cardiogenic Shock. Cardiogenic Shock is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Early recognition and prompt treatment of cardiogenic shock are essential for a successful outcome. The duration of cardiogenic shock can have a significant impact on the prognosis. Patients who remain in shock for an extended period may be at higher risk for complications such as multi-organ failure and sepsis, which can increase mortality rates. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the prognosis of cardiogenic shock. Rapid diagnosis and intervention, such as mechanical circulatory support or emergency revascularization, can improve survival rates and reduce the risk of complications.

• #30 Cardiogenic Shock: Signs, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cardiogenic-shock

  If cardiogenic shock is severe or left untreated for too long, your organs won’t receive an adequate oxygen supply through the blood. This can lead to temporary or permanent organ damage. […] Most importantly, call 911 or visit an emergency room immediately if you experience a heart attack or any of the symptoms associated with cardiogenic shock.

• #31 Management of cardiogenic shock: a narrative review | Annals of Intensive Care | Full Text

  https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-024-01260-y

  Acute-on-chronic heart failure progresses to CS when impaired ventricular contractility is severe enough to cause a critical reduction in cardiac output (CO). […] Most epidemiological data on shock in critically ill patients focus on severe sepsis and septic shock, which are thought to be the leading causes of mortality in these patients. Although less frequent, cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a genuine clinical challenge with similar or even higher mortality rates. […] Overall, CS patients seem to represent 710% of patients admitted to ICU. […] In patients with acute decompensated heart failure with worsened renal function but without shock, RRT with ultrafiltration was associated with improved hemodynamic parameters but also with a higher incidence of adverse events and worsening of renal function and transition to dialysis. […] Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to one half of patients with CS, and 20% of these patients will require renal replacement therapy (RRT). AKI is a strong predictor of poor outcomes regardless of the etiology of CS.

• #32 Cardiogenic Shock – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://blogs.specialtycareclinics.com/what-is-cardiogenic-shock/

  Cardiogenic shock signs and symptoms include: Rapid breathing, Severe shortness of breath, Unexpected, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), Loss of consciousness, Weak pulse, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Sweating, Pale skin, Cold hands or feet, Urinating less than normal or absolutely not. […] If not treated immediately, the cardiogenic shock could lead to death. Another severe complication is damage to your liver, kidneys, or other organs from lack of oxygen, which could be permanent. […] If you have a heart attack, quick action could help prevent cardiogenic shock. Look for emergency medical help if you think you are having a heart attack.

• #33 Cardiogenic Shock

  https://www.csh.org.tw/dr.tcj/educartion/f/web/Cardiogenic%20Shock/index.htm

  Cardiogenic shock is diagnosed after documentation of myocardial dysfunction and exclusion of alternative causes of hypotension, such as hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis, pulmonary embolism, pericardial tamponade, aortic dissection, and preexisting valvular disease. Shock is present if evidence of multisystem organ hypoperfusion is detected on physical examination. […] Patients in shock usually appear ashen or cyanotic and have cool skin and mottled extremities. […] Peripheral pulses are rapid and faint and may be irregular if arrhythmias are present. […] Jugular venous distention and crackles in the lungs are usually (but not always) present. […] Patients show signs of hypoperfusion, such as altered mental status and decreased urine output. […] Cardiogenic shock generally is associated with the loss of more than 40% of the left ventricular myocardium, although predominantly RV infarction or the mechanical complications of MI (eg, acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal rupture, free wall rupture) also may lead to cardiogenic shock. […] The key to achieving a good outcome is rapid diagnosis, prompt supportive therapy, and expeditious coronary artery revascularization in patients with myocardial ischemia and infarction. The mortality rate in patients treated aggressively can be lowered to 40-60%.

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