Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Alveolar osteitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_osteitis

  Overall, the rate of dry socket is about 0.55% for routine dental extractions, and about 2530% for impacted mandibular third molars (wisdom teeth which are buried in the bone). […] Females are more frequently affected than males, but this appears to be related to oral contraceptive use rather than any underlying gender predilection. […] The majority of dry sockets occur in individuals aged between 20 and 40 which is when most dental extractions occur, although for any given individual it is more likely to occur with increasing age. […] Other possible risk factors include periodontal disease, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, local bone disease, Paget’s disease of bone, osteopetrosis, cemento-osseous dysplasia, a history of previously developing a dry socket with past extractions and inadequate oral hygiene. […] Other factors in the postoperative period that may lead to loss of the blood clot include forceful spitting, sucking through a straw, and coughing or sneezing.

• #1 Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) – Daly, BJM – 2022 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3/abstract

  Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a complication of dental extractions more often involving mandibular molar teeth. It is associated with severe pain developing 2 to 3 days postoperatively with or without halitosis, a socket that may be partially or totally devoid of a blood clot, and increased postoperative visits. […] The prevalence of dry socket varies from 1% to 5% in routine dental extractions to upwards of 30% in surgically extracted third molars. […] There is variation in the reported incidence of dry socket; for routine extractions the incidence has been reported to range from 0.5% to 7%. For surgical removal of impacted third molars the incidence has been reported to be anywhere from 1% to 37.5%. […] Surgical extractions, particularly of third molars, show a significant increase in incidence of dry socket over nonsurgical extractions.

• #1 The prevalence and risk factors of dry socket in dental surgery clients following tooth extraction at Qazvin Faculty of Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jid-155212

  The prevalence of such condition is reported to be highly different ranging from 0.5-68.4%. […] Over the one-year period of study, 1402 teeth were extracted and in the meantime, 12 patients returned with dry socket. Our results showed that the incidence of dry socket was 0.85% and the ratio of females to males was 2.5 to 1. […] Prevalence of dry socket after tooth extraction in Qazvin oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic was not higher than other centers.

• #1 Prevalence and factors associated with dry socket following routine dental extractions – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38288852/

  Dry socket (DS) or fibrinolytic osteitis is a relatively common complication that can occur following tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DS and identify its associated predictive and mediating variables. […] A total of 1,357 patients undergoing routine dental extractions were included. DS was observed in 13 patients (prevalence of 1%). […] Routine dental extractions revealed a 1% prevalence of dry socket. The obtained results suggest that DS is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors, including gender, age, smoking, antibiotic prescription and surgical factors such as length, technique and accidents, nevertheless, those associations were observed mainly considering the influence of one variable on another.

• #1 Prevalence of dry socket associated with urgent dental extractions due to pain performed at an emergency service in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area during the mandatory preventive social isolation for the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina

  http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1019-43552023000100003

  Prevalence of dry socket associated with urgent dental extractions due to pain performed at an emergency service in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area during the mandatory preventive social isolation for the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. […] The prevalence found in this study was 1.06%. […] The prevalence of dry socket was 1%, not being higher than other experiences where pain was not considered a condition prior to extraction. […] Dry socket is currently considered to be the most frequent postoperative complication following a dental extraction, occurring in approximately 1% to 5% of all dental extractions. […] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of dry socket as a postoperative complication following extraction when the common denominator at the surgical site was acute, intense pain in the immediate preoperative, independently of the etiology which determined its indication, during the PMSI for the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #1 Incidence and predisposing factors for dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at a regional hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal

  https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162016000400006

  In this study, the incidence of dry socket was 1,8%, which is slightly higher than the findings of a Nigerian study that showed an incidence of 1,4%. […] A female predominance (2:1) was noted. […] The incidence of dry socket was highest in the third and fourth decades of life, in strong agreement with other studies. […] Mandibular teeth, more specifically molars, were more affected than maxillary teeth, consistent with a study conducted in Sri Lanka. […] The risk of developing dry socket is reported to be significantly greater in smokers than non-smokers. […] The study obtained ethical approval from the Bio-Medical Research and Ethics Committee (BREC) at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (BE 252/15). […] Dry socket occurrence is a painful but infrequent complication of tooth extraction and most commonly affects the mandibular teeth. […] Oral contraception and smoking independently or in combination with a traumatic extraction were the most prevalent predisposing factors for dry socket in our study.

• #1 Dry Socket: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17731-dry-socket

  Dry socket affects about 2% to 5% of all tooth extractions. Its more common after wisdom teeth removal. […] Researchers still dont know exactly why this happens in some people and not others. However, theyve identified several risk factors that can increase your chances of developing a dry socket. […] Dentists usually suspect dry socket when severe pain follows a tooth extraction. They confirm it by checking the empty socket where they removed your tooth. […] You cant always prevent dry socket, but you can lower your risk. Heres how to protect the healing spot after a tooth extraction: […] Most dry sockets heal on their own, but the pain can be intense. If youre dealing with moderate to severe discomfort, its a good idea to see your dentist. Prompt treatment can help relieve the pain and speed up healing.

• #1 Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/10/7/121

  Cigarette smoking is related to an increased risk of dry socket. […] Our systematic review found an association between the dry socket occurrence and cigarette smoking. […] On the basis of the included studies reporting the prevalence of dry socket in smokers, it was determined that the summarised prevalence is approximately 13.2%. […] Altogether, regular smoking is associated with a more than three-fold increase in the odds of dry socket after tooth extraction. […] The practical value of our systematic review should be emphasised, confirming the potential relationship between the negative habit of smoking by patients and the occurrence of complications after surgical procedures, such as dry socket. […] However, it is difficult to establish clear associations due to the heterogeneity of the included studies (different types of extracted teeth, different age groups).

• #1 When Can I Stop Worrying About Dry Socket? (And Other FAQs) – Athens Oral Surgery Center

  https://www.oralsurgeryathens.com/when-can-i-stop-worrying-about-dry-socket-and-other-faqs/

  If you’ve experienced a dry socket before, you’re more likely to experience it after future extractions. […] Patients with infections in the mouth are more likely to experience a dry socket. […] A complicated extraction that causes more than the typical damage to the jaw or gums is more susceptible to a dry socket. […] There are a number of conditions of the jaw that can put patients at a higher risk of dry socket. […] Patients who smoke are more likely to suffer from almost every possible medical problem and complication, including dry sockets. […] Oral contraceptives can increase the risk of a dry socket. […] Some medications and supplements can lead to slow or hampered clotting and make the risk for a dry socket much higher. […] Brushing and flossing daily and getting regular checkups at the dentist are the best ways to reduce your risk for dry sockets.

• #1 What treatments can be used to prevent and treat alveolar osteitis (dry socket)?  | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD006968/ORAL_what-treatments-can-be-used-prevent-and-treat-alveolar-osteitis-dry-socket

  We identified 49 trials; 39 trials (6219 participants) investigated prevention of dry socket and 10 trials (552 participants) investigated the treatment of dry socket. […] The prevalence of dry socket varies from 1% to 5% in routine dental extractions to upwards of 30% in surgically extracted third molars. […] There is moderate-certainty evidence that rinsing with chlorhexidine (0.12% and 0.2%) or placing chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) in the sockets of extracted teeth, probably results in a reduction in dry socket. […] A further 21 intrasocket interventions to prevent dry socket were each evaluated in single studies, and there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects.

• #1 Dodging the dreaded dry socket: Tips on preventing this painful possibility | Dentistry IQ

  https://www.dentistryiq.com/dentistry/oral-maxillofacial-and-surgery/article/16367785/dodging-the-dreaded-dry-socket-tips-on-preventing-this-painful-possibility

  Dry socket can occur anywhere from 2% to 5% of the time with the extraction of a tooth. Mandibular teeth are affected by this condition more often than maxillary teeth. Dry socket is most common in molar extractions and especially in wisdom teeth, where it can occur up to 30% of the time. […] A Cochrane Review of four clinical trials published in 2014 showed that there was moderate evidence that chlorhexidine rinses before and after extractions prevented dry socket approximately 42% of the time. […] In a study conducted in 2011 in Palestine, 12% of smokers experienced dry socket compared to only 4% of non-smokers. […] Another factor to consider is that dry socket occurs more frequently in surgical extractions versus non-surgical extractions. The 2011 Palestinian study previously mentioned above showed that dry socket occurred in only 1.7% of the time with the less involved non-surgical extractions.

• #1 Dodging the dreaded dry socket: Tips on preventing this painful possibility | Dentistry IQ

  https://www.dentistryiq.com/dentistry/oral-maxillofacial-and-surgery/article/16367785/dodging-the-dreaded-dry-socket-tips-on-preventing-this-painful-possibility

  Treating patients with ozone is another possibility being researched as a method to prevent dry socket. In a pilot study published in the European Journal of Dentistry, 30 people with bilateral impacted third molars of mandible were treated with surgical extractions. This group was at a high risk for dry socket in accordance with the type of extractions needed. With the experimental group, ozone gas was administered for 12 seconds to the intraalveolar area after the extractions. Patients were reevaluated 48 hours and seven days post-treatment, and dry socket was present in 16.67% of the control group and in 3.33% of the treated group. This treatment method needs further research, but it looks promising in the prevention of dry socket, especially in high-risk groups.

• #1 WHO EMRO | Influence of Surgicel gauze on the incidence of dry socket after wisdom tooth extraction | Volume 12, issue 3/4 | EMHJ volume 12, 2006

  https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-3-4/influence-of-surgicel-gauze-on-the-incidence-of-dry-socket-after-wisdom-tooth-extraction.html

  At a hospital in Damman, Saudi Arabia, it was noticed that many patients had developed dry socket after surgical removal of wisdom teeth. […] The incidence of dry socket in the 20 Surgicel-treated teeth was 25.0%, compared with 6.0% among the 84 non-Surgicel-treated teeth. […] The overall incidence of dry socket was 9.6% (10/104 teeth removed). […] The incidence of dry socket among the Surgicel-treated teeth was significantly higher (25.0%) than in the non-Surgicel-treated teeth (6.0%). […] The incidence rate of this event is variable, ranging from 4.1% to 30%, and associated with a number of predisposing factors as well as the type of prophylaxis used. […] In this study the overall incidence of dry socket after wisdom tooth removal was 9.6%, which is similar to other findings previously reported.

• #1

  https://archivepp.com/article/prevalence-rate-and-risk-factors-of-dry-socket-in-saudi-arabia-umfh91b7d7bh8mx

  The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dry sockets after tooth extraction among the Saudi Arabian population. About (3.5%) of individuals who participated in this current study reported that they had dry sockets before. Smoking multiple times/day was found to be a risk factor for dry sockets. As regards systemic diseases (2%) of participants who had dry sockets were diabetic and (1.5%) of them were hypertensive. There is a significant association between the occurrence of dry socket and smoking habits, diabetes, and high blood pressure, (p-value =0.036, 0.001, 0.001), respectively. The risk factors for this temporary and debilitating condition are identified. Surgeons must recognize these risk factors in patients with particular medical conditions and include this information as a part of the informed consent.

• #1

  https://www.thejas.com.pk/index.php/pjhs/article/view/1722

  A dry socket, a painful post-extraction complication, occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is dislodged or fails to form. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for improving outcomes in dental practices. […] The overall incidence of dry sockets was 9.0%, with a slightly higher occurrence in females (9.7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p-value=0.802). […] Medically compromised patients experienced dry sockets at 17.4%, compared to 6.3% in healthy patients, suggesting a trend that did not reach statistical significance (p-value=0.363). […] It was concluded that identifying high-risk groups and promoting effective prevention and management techniques can reduce the incidence of dry sockets, leading to better outcomes and overall oral health.

• #1 What is a dry socket?

  https://www.dolleymadisondentistry.com/dental-news-mclean-va/180-what-is-a-dry-socket

  The incidence of dry socket is quite rare, occurring in only about 2% of exodontia. […] Still, that percentage rises to at least 20% when it involves the removal of mandibular impacted third molars (lower wisdom teeth). […] Therefore for patients undergoing dental extractions, it is advisable for them to make sure they are taking the proper diet, do not smoke right after completion of the removal. […] The climate is also a factor influencing the frequency of dry sockets among patients. […] Hence, patient education is essential and is the responsibility of the dental healthcare providers to do so.

• #2 Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) – Daly, BJM – 2022 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3/abstract

  Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a complication of dental extractions more often involving mandibular molar teeth. It is associated with severe pain developing 2 to 3 days postoperatively with or without halitosis, a socket that may be partially or totally devoid of a blood clot, and increased postoperative visits. […] The prevalence of dry socket varies from 1% to 5% in routine dental extractions to upwards of 30% in surgically extracted third molars. […] There is variation in the reported incidence of dry socket; for routine extractions the incidence has been reported to range from 0.5% to 7%. For surgical removal of impacted third molars the incidence has been reported to be anywhere from 1% to 37.5%. […] Surgical extractions, particularly of third molars, show a significant increase in incidence of dry socket over nonsurgical extractions.

• #2 2025 Treatment Guidelines for Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket)

  https://dentalrx.ca/articles/alveolar-osteitis-treatment-guidelines

  According to a study published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), alveolar osteitis is the most common complication after tooth extraction, with an incidence rate ranging from 1% to 5% in general extractions, and up to 30% for mandibular third molars. […] Research points to several risk factors, including smoking, poor oral hygiene, and the use of oral contraceptives, all of which can increase the likelihood of developing dry socket. […] Addressing alveolar osteitis requires a combination of preventive measures during extraction and effective treatment and pain management if a dry socket occurs.

• #2 How to prevent dry socket: Methods, symptoms, and seeking help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-prevent-dry-socket

  According to a 2018 article, dry socket occurs in about 15% of all tooth extractions and 38% of wisdom tooth extractions. […] Dry socket is a painful condition that can occur after a tooth extraction. […] People should follow their dentists aftercare instructions to minimize the risk of developing dry socket.

• #2 Incidence and predisposing factors for dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at a regional hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal

  https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162016000400006

  Dry socket is one of the complications which may follow dental extractions. […] The overall incidence of dry socket was 1.8%, being more prevalent in females, in the second and third decades of life, and in mandibular teeth, more specifically in molars. […] The prevalence of dry socket has been reported to be as high as 35% in some cases. […] Although dry socket is a relatively common oral health condition-affecting patients, there have been few studies conducted in South Africa that have looked specifically at prevalence and predisposing factors for the condition. […] The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the incidence and predisposing factors for dry socket cases in a public health facility that performs a high volume of extractions, as well as to describe the distribution of dry socket by tooth type and location.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/jioh/abstract/2016/08010/incidence_of_dry_socket_in_south_chennai.22.aspx

  The aim of this study is to identify the incidence, risk factors and to evaluate the management of dry socket in South Chennai population. […] Out of 1341 extractions, 72 (5.37%) extractions were complicated by a dry socket in which 44 (7.86%) were in females, and 28 (6.18%) were in males. […] From the results of this study, the incidence of dry socket was 5.37% in South Chennai population. The incidence of dry socket was higher in females than in males, and it was commonly seen after the extraction of mandibular third molars.

• #2 Incidence and predisposing factors for dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at a regional hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal

  https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162016000400006

  In this study, the incidence of dry socket was 1,8%, which is slightly higher than the findings of a Nigerian study that showed an incidence of 1,4%. […] A female predominance (2:1) was noted. […] The incidence of dry socket was highest in the third and fourth decades of life, in strong agreement with other studies. […] Mandibular teeth, more specifically molars, were more affected than maxillary teeth, consistent with a study conducted in Sri Lanka. […] The risk of developing dry socket is reported to be significantly greater in smokers than non-smokers. […] The study obtained ethical approval from the Bio-Medical Research and Ethics Committee (BREC) at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (BE 252/15). […] Dry socket occurrence is a painful but infrequent complication of tooth extraction and most commonly affects the mandibular teeth. […] Oral contraception and smoking independently or in combination with a traumatic extraction were the most prevalent predisposing factors for dry socket in our study.

• #2 When Can I Stop Worrying About Dry Socket? (And Other FAQs) – Athens Oral Surgery Center

  https://www.oralsurgeryathens.com/when-can-i-stop-worrying-about-dry-socket-and-other-faqs/

  If you’ve experienced a dry socket before, you’re more likely to experience it after future extractions. […] Patients with infections in the mouth are more likely to experience a dry socket. […] A complicated extraction that causes more than the typical damage to the jaw or gums is more susceptible to a dry socket. […] There are a number of conditions of the jaw that can put patients at a higher risk of dry socket. […] Patients who smoke are more likely to suffer from almost every possible medical problem and complication, including dry sockets. […] Oral contraceptives can increase the risk of a dry socket. […] Some medications and supplements can lead to slow or hampered clotting and make the risk for a dry socket much higher. […] Brushing and flossing daily and getting regular checkups at the dentist are the best ways to reduce your risk for dry sockets.

• #2 Alveolar osteitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_osteitis

  Overall, the rate of dry socket is about 0.55% for routine dental extractions, and about 2530% for impacted mandibular third molars (wisdom teeth which are buried in the bone). […] Females are more frequently affected than males, but this appears to be related to oral contraceptive use rather than any underlying gender predilection. […] The majority of dry sockets occur in individuals aged between 20 and 40 which is when most dental extractions occur, although for any given individual it is more likely to occur with increasing age. […] Other possible risk factors include periodontal disease, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, local bone disease, Paget’s disease of bone, osteopetrosis, cemento-osseous dysplasia, a history of previously developing a dry socket with past extractions and inadequate oral hygiene. […] Other factors in the postoperative period that may lead to loss of the blood clot include forceful spitting, sucking through a straw, and coughing or sneezing.

• #2

  https://archivepp.com/article/prevalence-rate-and-risk-factors-of-dry-socket-in-saudi-arabia-umfh91b7d7bh8mx

  The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dry sockets after tooth extraction among the Saudi Arabian population. About (3.5%) of individuals who participated in this current study reported that they had dry sockets before. Smoking multiple times/day was found to be a risk factor for dry sockets. As regards systemic diseases (2%) of participants who had dry sockets were diabetic and (1.5%) of them were hypertensive. There is a significant association between the occurrence of dry socket and smoking habits, diabetes, and high blood pressure, (p-value =0.036, 0.001, 0.001), respectively. The risk factors for this temporary and debilitating condition are identified. Surgeons must recognize these risk factors in patients with particular medical conditions and include this information as a part of the informed consent.

• #2 When Can I Stop Worrying About Dry Socket? (And Other FAQs) – Athens Oral Surgery Center

  https://www.oralsurgeryathens.com/when-can-i-stop-worrying-about-dry-socket-and-other-faqs/

  Yes, certain types of extraction have higher dry socket risks than others: Extractions from the lower jaw are more likely to result in a dry socket than extractions from the upper jaw. […] Extractions in the back of the mouth tend to have higher rates of dry sockets than those in the front of the mouth. […] The extraction of lower wisdom teeth is the highest-risk standard dental extraction. Research indicates that a third or more of all lower-jaw wisdom tooth extractions result in a dry socket. […] It’s not typical for a dry socket to lead to additional complications – which is good because the pain and discomfort are more than enough to deal with. However, there is a slight risk that a dry socket will serve as an entry point for an infection. […] If you do experience a dry socket, you should contact your dentist or oral surgeon immediately.

• #2 Dodging the dreaded dry socket: Tips on preventing this painful possibility | Dentistry IQ

  https://www.dentistryiq.com/dentistry/oral-maxillofacial-and-surgery/article/16367785/dodging-the-dreaded-dry-socket-tips-on-preventing-this-painful-possibility

  Dry socket can occur anywhere from 2% to 5% of the time with the extraction of a tooth. Mandibular teeth are affected by this condition more often than maxillary teeth. Dry socket is most common in molar extractions and especially in wisdom teeth, where it can occur up to 30% of the time. […] A Cochrane Review of four clinical trials published in 2014 showed that there was moderate evidence that chlorhexidine rinses before and after extractions prevented dry socket approximately 42% of the time. […] In a study conducted in 2011 in Palestine, 12% of smokers experienced dry socket compared to only 4% of non-smokers. […] Another factor to consider is that dry socket occurs more frequently in surgical extractions versus non-surgical extractions. The 2011 Palestinian study previously mentioned above showed that dry socket occurred in only 1.7% of the time with the less involved non-surgical extractions.

• #2 Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) – Daly, BJM – 2022 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3/abstract

  Female gender and taking the oral contraceptive pill have been shown to increase incidence of alveolar osteitis, possibly due to the effect of oestrogen on the fibrinolytic system. […] The relationship between smoking and development of alveolar osteitis is also supported by the literature. […] Several studies have reported that preoperative and postoperative antiseptic chlorhexidine rinses can be effective in reducing the incidence of dry socket. […] There is moderate certainty evidence that rinsing with chlorhexidine (0.12% and 0.2%) or placing chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) in the sockets of extracted teeth, probably results in a reduction in dry socket. […] There is moderate certainty evidence from six trials, with 1547 participants, comparing chlorhexidine rinse with placebo that rinsing with chlorhexidine perioperatively reduces the risk of developing dry socket.

• #2 How Long Does Dry Socket Last? Plus Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-dry-socket-last

  Dry socket isnt very common, but certain things can put you at increased risk. […] While more research is needed, its estimated that less than 1 percent to 5 percent of people get dry socket after a routine tooth extraction. […] Doctors dont yet know of a direct cause of dry socket. It can be hard to guess who might experience it. However, its more likely to happen to certain people and under certain conditions. […] Some studies found that rinsing with a chlorhexidine gluconate rinse before and after tooth extraction decreased risk of dry socket. Using chlorhexidine gluconate gel in the socket after extraction also decreased the risk of dry socket.

• #2 Antimicrobial agent containing absorbable gelatin sponge to prevent dry socket: A systematic review

  https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/16/ELOCATOR/e187421062208111/FULLTEXT/

  The prevention techniques include avoiding tobacco consumption before and after the surgery. […] There are some evidence showing that antibiotic administration after tooth extraction decreases dry socket occurrence. […] A meta-analysis also showed that systemic administration of antibiotics before tooth extraction reduced dry socket occurrence. […] The use of azithromycin can be considered in the reduction of dry socket incidence. […] Numerous studies have shown that the usage of CHX mouthwash before or after surgical treatment of the third mandibular molar significantly decreases the incidence of the dry socket. […] The search results also showed that systemic use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents can reduce the infection of extracted teeth; therefore, it may show pain-relieving effects on the dry socket as well. […] Reports also demonstrated that the occurrence of dry socket substantially decreased with the gelatin sponge, including antimicrobial agents.

• #2 Antimicrobial agent containing absorbable gelatin sponge to prevent dry socket: A systematic review

  https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/16/ELOCATOR/e187421062208111/FULLTEXT/

  The use of absorbable gelatin sponges (AGSs) as a hemostatic surgical material resulted in a reduction of dry sockets occurrence. […] Given the high prevalence of dry sockets in the extracted teeth, the main objective of this review was a brief overview of AGSs, including antimicrobial agents to prevent dry sockets. […] The reviewed literature showed that the systemic/topical use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents can reduce infection and, therefore, may show pain-relieving effects on the dry socket. […] There were a limited number of clinical trials that used antimicrobial loaded AGSs for dry socket. More clinical studies are needed, especially in subgroups of patients with a high risk of infectious conditions, to validate the effectiveness of antimicrobial-loaded AGSs for dry socket.

• #2 WHO EMRO | Influence of Surgicel gauze on the incidence of dry socket after wisdom tooth extraction | Volume 12, issue 3/4 | EMHJ volume 12, 2006

  https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-3-4/influence-of-surgicel-gauze-on-the-incidence-of-dry-socket-after-wisdom-tooth-extraction.html

  A higher rate of dry socket was found among patients having their wisdom teeth removed under general anaesthesia than under local anaesthesia. […] The phenomenon of dry sockets in patients in whom Surgicel was used is probably precipitated by the continued chemical effect of the material. […] In summary, Surgicel is a potent haemostatic agent, the application of which in extraction sockets was associated with an increase in the incidence of dry socket after wisdom tooth extraction.

• #2

  https://www.thejas.com.pk/index.php/pjhs/article/view/1722

  A dry socket, a painful post-extraction complication, occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is dislodged or fails to form. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for improving outcomes in dental practices. […] The overall incidence of dry sockets was 9.0%, with a slightly higher occurrence in females (9.7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p-value=0.802). […] Medically compromised patients experienced dry sockets at 17.4%, compared to 6.3% in healthy patients, suggesting a trend that did not reach statistical significance (p-value=0.363). […] It was concluded that identifying high-risk groups and promoting effective prevention and management techniques can reduce the incidence of dry sockets, leading to better outcomes and overall oral health.

• #2 What is a dry socket?

  https://www.dolleymadisondentistry.com/dental-news-mclean-va/180-what-is-a-dry-socket

  The incidence of dry socket is quite rare, occurring in only about 2% of exodontia. […] Still, that percentage rises to at least 20% when it involves the removal of mandibular impacted third molars (lower wisdom teeth). […] Therefore for patients undergoing dental extractions, it is advisable for them to make sure they are taking the proper diet, do not smoke right after completion of the removal. […] The climate is also a factor influencing the frequency of dry sockets among patients. […] Hence, patient education is essential and is the responsibility of the dental healthcare providers to do so.

• #2 Dry Socket: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Medications

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_you_fix_a_dry_socket/article.htm

  A dry socket is relatively rare, occurring in about 2% of tooth extractions. […] However, that percentage rises to at least 20% when it involves the removal of mandibular impacted third molars (lower wisdom teeth). […] Before tooth extraction, risk factors for developing a dry socket include smoking, the presence of an impacted wisdom tooth, being female, and being above age 30. […] Women tend to develop a dry socket more often than men. […] Patients older than 30 years of age with impacted third molars have an increased risk of dry sockets. […] The prevention of developing a dry socket may be influenced by the methods used by the dentist or surgeon performing the tooth extraction. […] Recent studies have shown that the incidence of a dry socket in women is significantly decreased when tooth extractions are performed during their menstrual period (menses).

• #3 When Can I Stop Worrying About Dry Socket? (And Other FAQs) – Athens Oral Surgery Center

  https://www.oralsurgeryathens.com/when-can-i-stop-worrying-about-dry-socket-and-other-faqs/

  Yes, certain types of extraction have higher dry socket risks than others: Extractions from the lower jaw are more likely to result in a dry socket than extractions from the upper jaw. […] Extractions in the back of the mouth tend to have higher rates of dry sockets than those in the front of the mouth. […] The extraction of lower wisdom teeth is the highest-risk standard dental extraction. Research indicates that a third or more of all lower-jaw wisdom tooth extractions result in a dry socket. […] It’s not typical for a dry socket to lead to additional complications – which is good because the pain and discomfort are more than enough to deal with. However, there is a slight risk that a dry socket will serve as an entry point for an infection. […] If you do experience a dry socket, you should contact your dentist or oral surgeon immediately.

• #3 Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) – Daly, BJM – 2022 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3/abstract

  Female gender and taking the oral contraceptive pill have been shown to increase incidence of alveolar osteitis, possibly due to the effect of oestrogen on the fibrinolytic system. […] The relationship between smoking and development of alveolar osteitis is also supported by the literature. […] Several studies have reported that preoperative and postoperative antiseptic chlorhexidine rinses can be effective in reducing the incidence of dry socket. […] There is moderate certainty evidence that rinsing with chlorhexidine (0.12% and 0.2%) or placing chlorhexidine gel (0.2%) in the sockets of extracted teeth, probably results in a reduction in dry socket. […] There is moderate certainty evidence from six trials, with 1547 participants, comparing chlorhexidine rinse with placebo that rinsing with chlorhexidine perioperatively reduces the risk of developing dry socket.

• #3 Dry Socket | Hill Country Oral Surgery

  https://www.hillcountryoralsurgery.com/surgical-instructions/dry-socket/

  A dry socket is when the blood clot gets dislodged prematurely or dissolves from the tooth socket. This leaves an open socket or hole that is exposed to food and debris. Symptoms of pain at the surgical site and even pain that radiates from the ear to the anterior jaw may occur 3-5 days after surgery. […] A dry socket is not an infection, but will require treatment. Dry sockets occur most often in the lower jaw and are usually associated with removal of the molar teeth. […] Women taking birth control pills and smokers are more prone to dry sockets. […] Yes, they include: Smokers or tobacco users, People who take oral contraceptives, People who have experienced dry sockets after previous oral surgeries. […] Tobacco smokers have over three times the risk of having a post-tooth extraction dry socket.

• #3 When Can I Stop Worrying About Dry Socket? (And Other FAQs) – Athens Oral Surgery Center

  https://www.oralsurgeryathens.com/when-can-i-stop-worrying-about-dry-socket-and-other-faqs/

  If you’ve experienced a dry socket before, you’re more likely to experience it after future extractions. […] Patients with infections in the mouth are more likely to experience a dry socket. […] A complicated extraction that causes more than the typical damage to the jaw or gums is more susceptible to a dry socket. […] There are a number of conditions of the jaw that can put patients at a higher risk of dry socket. […] Patients who smoke are more likely to suffer from almost every possible medical problem and complication, including dry sockets. […] Oral contraceptives can increase the risk of a dry socket. […] Some medications and supplements can lead to slow or hampered clotting and make the risk for a dry socket much higher. […] Brushing and flossing daily and getting regular checkups at the dentist are the best ways to reduce your risk for dry sockets.

• #3 Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) – Daly, BJM – 2022 | Cochrane Library

  https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3/abstract

  There was also moderate certainty evidence from seven studies, with 753 participants, that placing 0.2% chlorhexidine gel in a socket following extraction is an effective preventative therapy and will reduce the risk of a dry socket. […] Placement of platelet rich plasma in extraction sockets was not superior in reducing the risk of having a dry socket.

• #3 Prevalence and factors associated with dry socket following routine dental extractions – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38288852/

  Dry socket (DS) or fibrinolytic osteitis is a relatively common complication that can occur following tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DS and identify its associated predictive and mediating variables. […] A total of 1,357 patients undergoing routine dental extractions were included. DS was observed in 13 patients (prevalence of 1%). […] Routine dental extractions revealed a 1% prevalence of dry socket. The obtained results suggest that DS is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors, including gender, age, smoking, antibiotic prescription and surgical factors such as length, technique and accidents, nevertheless, those associations were observed mainly considering the influence of one variable on another.

• #3 Antimicrobial agent containing absorbable gelatin sponge to prevent dry socket: A systematic review

  https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/16/ELOCATOR/e187421062208111/FULLTEXT/

  The prevention techniques include avoiding tobacco consumption before and after the surgery. […] There are some evidence showing that antibiotic administration after tooth extraction decreases dry socket occurrence. […] A meta-analysis also showed that systemic administration of antibiotics before tooth extraction reduced dry socket occurrence. […] The use of azithromycin can be considered in the reduction of dry socket incidence. […] Numerous studies have shown that the usage of CHX mouthwash before or after surgical treatment of the third mandibular molar significantly decreases the incidence of the dry socket. […] The search results also showed that systemic use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents can reduce the infection of extracted teeth; therefore, it may show pain-relieving effects on the dry socket as well. […] Reports also demonstrated that the occurrence of dry socket substantially decreased with the gelatin sponge, including antimicrobial agents.

Zobacz więcej