Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Esophageal Spasms: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15575-esophageal-spasms

  Unfortunately, you cant prevent the condition from happening altogether. Still, identifying and avoiding potential triggers (like certain foods or drinks) may help prevent spasm episodes from starting or worsening.

• #1 Esophageal spasms – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372255

  Treatment depends on how often the esophageal spasms happen and how bad they are. […] If the spasms only happen now and then, a healthcare professional might first recommend avoiding extremely hot or cold foods to see if that relieves symptoms. […] Managing any underlying conditions. Esophageal spasms are sometimes associated with conditions such as heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A healthcare professional might recommend a proton pump inhibitor to treat GERD. […] Medicines to relax your swallowing muscles. Peppermint oil, onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections into the esophagus or calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, others), can make spasms less severe. […] To help you cope with occasional esophageal spasms, try to: Avoid your triggers. Make a list of foods and beverages that cause your esophageal spasms. […] Choose food that is warm or cool. Let foods and drinks that are very hot or very cold sit for a bit before eating or drinking them. […] Suck a peppermint lozenge. Peppermint oil is a smooth muscle relaxant and might help ease esophageal spasms. Place the peppermint lozenge under your tongue.

• #1 Esophageal Spasms | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/esophageal-spasms

  Lifestyle changes and home remedies are the first steps in reducing or eliminating occasional esophageal spasms. To help reduce occasional esophageal spasms, try to: […] Avoid triggers. Identify foods and beverages that seem to cause your esophageal spasms and avoid them. […] Adjust food and beverage temperatures. Let very hot or very cold foods and drinks sit long enough to cool a bit before eating or drinking them. […] Control your stress. Esophageal spasms seem to be more common or more severe in people who are feeling stressed. Control stress by getting more sleep, using relaxation techniques and avoiding caffeine. […] Take a peppermint lozenge. Peppermint oil is a smooth-muscle relaxant and might help ease esophageal spasms. Put the lozenge under the tongue. […] Medications may include a proton pump inhibitor like lansoprazole to treat GERD, or an antidepressant, like trazodone or imipramine (Tofranil) may help to reduce or eliminate spasms.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/esophageal-spasm

  Eat several small meals instead of two or three large meals. […] Avoid foods that make your symptoms worse. These may include chocolate, mint, alcohol, pepper, spicy foods, high-fat foods, or drinks with caffeine in them, such as tea, coffee, colas, or energy drinks. If your symptoms are worse after you eat a certain food, you may want to stop eating it to see if your symptoms get better. […] Try to quit smoking or chewing tobacco, or cut back as much as you can. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about quit-tobacco programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] If you have GERD symptoms at night, raise the head of your bed 6 to 8 inches. You can do this by putting the frame on blocks. Or you can place a foam wedge under the head of your mattress. (Adding extra pillows does not work.) […] Ask your doctor about relaxation and controlled breathing exercises. These may help reduce symptoms. […] Avoid very hot or cold foods if they trigger esophageal spasms.

• #1 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm – Dr. William Focazio

  https://www.drfocazio.com/conditions/diffuse-esophageal-spasm/

  You cannot prevent diffuse esophageal spasm, but lifestyle changes may help control your symptoms: […] Avoid foods that seem to trigger your spasms or heartburn. […] Don’t consume food or drink that is extremely hot or cold. […] Eat slowly and chew your food well. […] Control stress, since anxiety can contribute to this disorder.

• #1 Esophageal spasm relief: Treatments and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321656

  Esophageal spasms are painful but otherwise not harmful. Treatments are available to help people with esophageal spasms manage and prevent their symptoms. […] Avoiding triggers and making lifestyle changes are often the recommended way to treat and prevent esophageal spasms. […] It is also essential for someone with this condition to treat any underlying conditions that may be contributing, such as depression, anxiety, or GERD.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut2352

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Treat other conditions that can make esophageal spasms worse, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Ask your doctor about relaxation and controlled breathing exercises. These may help reduce symptoms. […] Avoid very hot or cold foods if they trigger esophageal spasms.

• #1 Esophageal Spasms And Anxiety – AnxietyCentre.com

  https://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety-disorders/symptoms/esophageal-spasms-anxiety/

  Regular deep relaxation. […] Avoiding stimulants. […] Regular light to moderate exercise. […] Eating a healthy diet of whole and natural foods. […] Passively accepting your symptoms until they subside. […] Being patient as your body recovers. […] Chronic anxiety symptoms subside when hyperstimulation is eliminated. […] As the body recovers and stabilizes, chronic anxiety symptoms will slowly diminish and eventually disappear. […] Passively accepting your symptoms while doing your recovery work will cause their cessation in time. […] Acceptance, practice, and patience are key to recovery.

• #1 Esophageal Motility Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0901/p291.html

  Esophageal motility disorders usually respond to lifestyle modifications, although pharmacotherapy may occasionally be needed. […] All patients who have dysphagia should be asked about opioid use. Opioids should be discontinued before testing for achalasia or other esophageal motility disorders. […] Hypercontractile esophageal motility disorders usually respond to lifestyle modifications, although pharmacotherapy may occasionally be needed. Patients with esophageal symptoms from any cause even achalasia typically benefit from eating mindfully; eating smaller, softer, and more frequent meals; and avoiding trigger foods or situations. Dysmotility related to opioid use is potentially reversible with discontinuation or tapering. […] Invasive procedures are rarely needed for patients with hypercontractile motility disorders. […] Patients with achalasia should undergo definitive therapy whenever possible.

• #1 3 Ways to Stop Esophageal Spasms – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Esophageal-Spasms

  To help prevent esophageal spasms, try eating 5-6 small meals during the day rather than 2-3 big meals. […] Also, avoid food that’s very spicy, hot, or cold, and avoid cigarettes and alcohol. […] Raise the head of your bed about 6-8 inches, and wait 2-3 hours after you eat before you go to bed. […] Avoid wearing tight clothing around your neck or abdominal area. […] Consider losing weight if you are overweight. […] Try deep breathing exercises to relax your esophagus.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/GI/Esophagus/EsphglSpsm.htm

  Functional disorders and Hypercontractile Esophagus improve or resolve spontaneously in a majority of patients […] Optimize GERD Management […] Mindful eating […] Avoid foods and situations that trigger symptoms […] These medications decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure and may worsen GERD […] Smooth Muscle relaxants are best limited to hypermotility confirmed by manometry […] Other agents which are safe and may be effective.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174975-treatment

  Calcium channel blockers and nitrates are first-line therapy. […] Botulinum toxin binds receptors in the nerve endings, thereby decreasing the release of acetylcholine. By endoscopically injecting botulinum toxin above the LES, symptoms may improve. […] Balloon dilatation is commonly used for achalasia, but it has been also used to treat diffuse esophageal spasm and nutcracker esophagus. […] Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively reduce or alleviate the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may mimic diffuse esophageal spasm. […] Tricyclic antidepressants have produced much success in the treatment of many patients with esophageal motility disorders. […] Patients need close follow-up care upon the initiation of therapy or with a change in therapy. […] Patients in whom medical management fails should be referred to a thoracic surgeon for possible operative intervention. […] Myotomy is effective for treating diffuse esophageal spasm. […] Myotomy should be used with caution in patients with nutcracker esophagus because it may worsen the symptoms. […] Overall, surgical therapy is reserved for those refractory to medical therapy.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm Medication: Calcium channel blockers, Nitrates, Tricyclic antidepressants, Toxins (botulinum toxin), Phosphodiesterase-5 Enzyme Inhibitors

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174975-medication

  Medical therapy is the first line of treatment for esophageal spasm. Because the etiology is unknown, all medical therapies are directed at symptoms, not the etiology. […] Calcium channel blockers and nitrates may decrease pain associated with esophageal spasms. […] Like calcium channel blockers, nitrates may decrease the pain associated with esophageal spasm. […] These agents, specifically imipramine, have been shown to decrease chest pain of no apparent cause on angiography. […] Injecting botulinum toxin endoscopically above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) improves the symptoms of patients with esophageal spasms. However, the effect is temporary and the response decreases with repeated injections.

• #1 Esophageal Spasms | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/esophageal-spasms

  Using certain medications to relax swallowing muscles like Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra), Botox injections may help. Diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Tiazac, and others) are calcium channel blockers that may reduce the severity of esophageal spasms. […] If medication, lifestyle changes and home remedies don’t sufficiently reduce or eliminate esophageal spasms, myotomy surgery may be recommended. […] POEM is a minimally-invasive treatment for esophageal spasms. An endoscope is inserted through the mouth and down the throat to make an incision in the inside lining of the esophagus. The surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus. Like myotomy, POEM is usually considered only if other treatments don’t work.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm (Nutcracker Esophagus): What To Know

  https://www.health.com/esophageal-spasm-8667542

  Because the causes are unclear, there’s no way to prevent esophageal spasms in some cases. If your symptoms occur after eating, determine what may be triggering the attacks and work to avoid them. These can include: […] If you’re prone to attacks, it may also help to keep a journal. Track your symptoms, foods triggering attacks, and any medications you’re taking. Not only will you better understand your condition, but you’ll have helpful information for your healthcare provider.

• #1 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: An Alternative Treatment Approach

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11156245/

  There are no well-established guidelines for the treatment of DES. Treatment options include surgical myotomy, oral medications to aid in smooth muscle relaxation, esophageal dilation, and several newer approaches such as endoscopic botulinum toxin injections. […] In patients who are not candidates for the more invasive treatment options or are intolerant to medications, endoscopic pneumatic dilation can be an effective management strategy to improve outcomes for these patients. […] After a failed trial with metoclopramide and nifedipine, when weighing the risks and benefits of the various treatment options, it was decided to utilize a second-line treatment option, esophageal pneumatic dilation. […] Recommendations for the management of DES include following evidence-based guidelines that are available for both diagnosis and treatment. In patients with other medical issues or contraindications to modalities listed in the utilized guidelines, clinical reasoning, and a multidisciplinary, approach including a thorough risks and benefits discussion and shared decision-making process with the patient should be used.

• #1 Esophageal Spasm Treatment In Overland Park KS – Eastern Healing

  https://www.overlandparkacupuncturist.com/esophageal-spasm-treatment/

  Esophageal spasm can sometimes be difficult to diagnose, because its frequently related to or occurs in tandem with other conditions. […] Your doctor may also recommend some lifestyle changes that can help with the symptoms. Among them: Avoiding triggers, such as foods that are very spicy or high in acid, alcoholic drinks, and any other foods that may irritate your esophagus or cause acid reflux. […] If you choose to treat your esophageal spasm with Chinese medicine, your practitioner will develop a treatment strategy specific to your unique history and symptoms. […] Acupuncture can be an effective treatment strategy for this condition for a number of reasons. It causes the release of feel-good and pain relieving neurotransmitters in your brain, it can help balance your stress hormones, regulate insulin, and promote good digestion.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00998868

  Diffuse esophageal spasm is an uncommon esophageal motor disorder characterized clinically by chest pain and difficulty swallowing. […] The need for surgery was obviated by the successful application of relaxation training, which resulted in a significant reduction in painful esophageal spasms, weight gain, and an improvement in psychological state; there was, however, no change in the underlying esophageal motor disorder. […] It is suggested that double swallowing is a promising new approach to helping patients cope with disordered esophageal motility and that its more general applicability warrants further study.

• #2

  https://drdanielle.com/blogs/dr-danielles-health-tips-and-tricks/an-overview-of-esophageal-spasm-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-remedies?srsltid=AfmBOoqSJh2HjPzvq1ifcN8qnnGOpa1gyZZwc5bgUYOfEIf2QYgbx8G-

  Unfortunately, experts are still trying to uncover the exact reason that triggers esophageal spasms. Hence, it might not be possible to prevent the problem altogether. Nevertheless, identifying your triggers and factors that worsen the symptoms can help you cope with the disease in a much better way.

• #2 FloridaHealthFinder | Esophageal spasm | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000289

  Avoid very hot or very cold foods if you get esophageal spasms.

• #2 Esophageal Spasm (Nutcracker Esophagus): What To Know

  https://www.health.com/esophageal-spasm-8667542

  Because the causes are unclear, there’s no way to prevent esophageal spasms in some cases. If your symptoms occur after eating, determine what may be triggering the attacks and work to avoid them. These can include: […] If you’re prone to attacks, it may also help to keep a journal. Track your symptoms, foods triggering attacks, and any medications you’re taking. Not only will you better understand your condition, but you’ll have helpful information for your healthcare provider.

• #2

  https://drdanielle.com/blogs/dr-danielles-health-tips-and-tricks/an-overview-of-esophageal-spasm-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-remedies?srsltid=AfmBOoqSJh2HjPzvq1ifcN8qnnGOpa1gyZZwc5bgUYOfEIf2QYgbx8G-

  Esophageal spasms can be extremely painful but do not pose any serious threat to health. […] Avoiding triggers, treating the underlying cause, and adopting the recommended lifestyle changes can make a huge difference in the long run. […] In many cases, it is possible to pinpoint the triggers that initiate or exacerbate the symptoms of esophageal spasms. Once these triggers are identified, they can be avoided in the future to control the problem in a better way. […] Some common dietary factors triggering esophageal spasms include spicy food, red wine, and food that is extremely cold or extremely hot. […] Certain natural remedies have been found to be helpful in relieving the symptoms of esophageal spasms. These remedies include the following: Peppermint oil has been found to be effective in managing distal esophageal spasms by relaxing the muscles of the food pipe.

• #2 3 Ways to Stop Esophageal Spasms – wikiHow

  https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Esophageal-Spasms

  To help prevent esophageal spasms, try eating 5-6 small meals during the day rather than 2-3 big meals. […] Also, avoid food that’s very spicy, hot, or cold, and avoid cigarettes and alcohol. […] Raise the head of your bed about 6-8 inches, and wait 2-3 hours after you eat before you go to bed. […] Avoid wearing tight clothing around your neck or abdominal area. […] Consider losing weight if you are overweight. […] Try deep breathing exercises to relax your esophagus.

• #2 Esophageal spasm relief: Treatments and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321656

  Esophageal spasms are painful but otherwise not harmful. Treatments are available to help people with esophageal spasms manage and prevent their symptoms. […] Avoiding triggers and making lifestyle changes are often the recommended way to treat and prevent esophageal spasms. […] It is also essential for someone with this condition to treat any underlying conditions that may be contributing, such as depression, anxiety, or GERD.

• #2 Esophageal Spasm | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/esophageal-spasm

  Treatment for esophageal spasm includes treating other conditions that may make esophageal spasms worse, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is usually treated with changes to diet and lifestyle and medicines to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. […] To treat GERD: Your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter medicine. For mild or occasional indigestion, it may help to take antacids, such as Tums, Mylanta, or Maalox. Be careful when you take over-the-counter antacid medicines. Many of these medicines have aspirin in them. Read the label to make sure that you are not taking more than the recommended dose. Too much aspirin can be harmful. […] Your doctor also may recommend over-the-counter acid reducers, such as famotidine (Pepcid AC), cimetidine (Tagamet HB), or omeprazole (Prilosec).

• #2 Esophageal Spasms | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/esophageal-spasms

  Lifestyle changes and home remedies are the first steps in reducing or eliminating occasional esophageal spasms. To help reduce occasional esophageal spasms, try to: […] Avoid triggers. Identify foods and beverages that seem to cause your esophageal spasms and avoid them. […] Adjust food and beverage temperatures. Let very hot or very cold foods and drinks sit long enough to cool a bit before eating or drinking them. […] Control your stress. Esophageal spasms seem to be more common or more severe in people who are feeling stressed. Control stress by getting more sleep, using relaxation techniques and avoiding caffeine. […] Take a peppermint lozenge. Peppermint oil is a smooth-muscle relaxant and might help ease esophageal spasms. Put the lozenge under the tongue. […] Medications may include a proton pump inhibitor like lansoprazole to treat GERD, or an antidepressant, like trazodone or imipramine (Tofranil) may help to reduce or eliminate spasms.

• #2 Esophageal Spasms And Anxiety – AnxietyCentre.com

  https://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety-disorders/symptoms/esophageal-spasms-anxiety/

  When esophageal spasms are caused or aggravated by other factors, addressing those factors can reduce and eliminate it. […] When esophageal spasms are caused by stomach upset and acid reflux, eliminating the stomach upset and acid reflux problems can cause esophageal spasms to subside. […] When esophageal spasms are by apprehensive behavior and the accompanying stress response changes, calming yourself down will end the active stress response and its changes. […] As your body recovers from the active stress response, this anxiety symptom should subside. […] When this symptom is caused by hyperstimulation, eliminating hyperstimulation will end this symptom. […] You can eliminate hyperstimulation by: […] Reducing stress. […] Containing anxious behavior (since anxiety creates stress).

• #2 Esophageal Spasm: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/esophageal-spasm

  If youve already had an esophageal spasm, you probably want to avoid having another one. Identifying food triggers and eliminating the substances that seem to bring on spasms is important. If your doctor has prescribed medication, be sure to follow their instructions carefully. In general, make sure to maintain healthy habits. Eat nutritious foods that are high in fiber, and lose weight if youre overweight. […] Treating the underlying cause is your first line of defense in eliminating or reducing symptoms. Its also important to maintain healthy lifestyle habits and to identify food and drink triggers that may bring on spasms.

• #2 Esophageal Motility Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0901/p291.html

  Esophageal motility disorders usually respond to lifestyle modifications, although pharmacotherapy may occasionally be needed. […] All patients who have dysphagia should be asked about opioid use. Opioids should be discontinued before testing for achalasia or other esophageal motility disorders. […] Hypercontractile esophageal motility disorders usually respond to lifestyle modifications, although pharmacotherapy may occasionally be needed. Patients with esophageal symptoms from any cause even achalasia typically benefit from eating mindfully; eating smaller, softer, and more frequent meals; and avoiding trigger foods or situations. Dysmotility related to opioid use is potentially reversible with discontinuation or tapering. […] Invasive procedures are rarely needed for patients with hypercontractile motility disorders. […] Patients with achalasia should undergo definitive therapy whenever possible.

• #2 Esophageal Spasms | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/esophageal-spasms

  Using certain medications to relax swallowing muscles like Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra), Botox injections may help. Diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Tiazac, and others) are calcium channel blockers that may reduce the severity of esophageal spasms. […] If medication, lifestyle changes and home remedies don’t sufficiently reduce or eliminate esophageal spasms, myotomy surgery may be recommended. […] POEM is a minimally-invasive treatment for esophageal spasms. An endoscope is inserted through the mouth and down the throat to make an incision in the inside lining of the esophagus. The surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus. Like myotomy, POEM is usually considered only if other treatments don’t work.

• #2 Esophageal Spasm Medication: Calcium channel blockers, Nitrates, Tricyclic antidepressants, Toxins (botulinum toxin), Phosphodiesterase-5 Enzyme Inhibitors

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174975-medication

  Medical therapy is the first line of treatment for esophageal spasm. Because the etiology is unknown, all medical therapies are directed at symptoms, not the etiology. […] Calcium channel blockers and nitrates may decrease pain associated with esophageal spasms. […] Like calcium channel blockers, nitrates may decrease the pain associated with esophageal spasm. […] These agents, specifically imipramine, have been shown to decrease chest pain of no apparent cause on angiography. […] Injecting botulinum toxin endoscopically above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) improves the symptoms of patients with esophageal spasms. However, the effect is temporary and the response decreases with repeated injections.

• #2 Esophageal Spasm | Memorial Hermann

  https://memorialhermann.org/services/conditions/esophageal-spasm

  Diffuse esophageal spasm is usually a mild disease and might not require any treatment. Prevention by avoiding triggers can be sufficient. […] In severe cases, smooth-muscle relaxers like sublingual nitroglycerin, as well as long-acting forms of nitroglycerin, can be used. Calcium channel blockers and antidepressants also have been used and can be effective for maintenance therapy.

• #2 Esophageal Spasm Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/174975-treatment

  Calcium channel blockers and nitrates are first-line therapy. […] Botulinum toxin binds receptors in the nerve endings, thereby decreasing the release of acetylcholine. By endoscopically injecting botulinum toxin above the LES, symptoms may improve. […] Balloon dilatation is commonly used for achalasia, but it has been also used to treat diffuse esophageal spasm and nutcracker esophagus. […] Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively reduce or alleviate the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may mimic diffuse esophageal spasm. […] Tricyclic antidepressants have produced much success in the treatment of many patients with esophageal motility disorders. […] Patients need close follow-up care upon the initiation of therapy or with a change in therapy. […] Patients in whom medical management fails should be referred to a thoracic surgeon for possible operative intervention. […] Myotomy is effective for treating diffuse esophageal spasm. […] Myotomy should be used with caution in patients with nutcracker esophagus because it may worsen the symptoms. […] Overall, surgical therapy is reserved for those refractory to medical therapy.

• #2 Oesophageal Spasm: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/oesophageal-spasm

  There is a lack of both evidence and controlled trials in this area. […] Reassurance that this is not heart disease and that no significant progression occurs. […] Dietary modification. […] Avoiding cold fluids, and taking hot liquids with meals, helps some patients. […] Rule out gastro-oesophageal reflux (trial of proton pump inhibitor) – this has been suggested as a first step by some authors. […] Subsequent options are: […] Nitrates. […] Calcium-channel blockers – eg, nifedipine or diltiazem. […] Antidepressants – eg, trazodone, imipramine or sertraline; these may act as 'visceral analgesics’. […] Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil, etc) – gave symptom relief in one small study. […] Peppermint oil – this is low-cost and has few adverse effects but more research is needed about its effectiveness.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut2352

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Treat other conditions that can make esophageal spasms worse, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Ask your doctor about relaxation and controlled breathing exercises. These may help reduce symptoms. […] Avoid very hot or cold foods if they trigger esophageal spasms.

• #2 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: An Alternative Treatment Approach

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11156245/

  There are no well-established guidelines for the treatment of DES. Treatment options include surgical myotomy, oral medications to aid in smooth muscle relaxation, esophageal dilation, and several newer approaches such as endoscopic botulinum toxin injections. […] In patients who are not candidates for the more invasive treatment options or are intolerant to medications, endoscopic pneumatic dilation can be an effective management strategy to improve outcomes for these patients. […] After a failed trial with metoclopramide and nifedipine, when weighing the risks and benefits of the various treatment options, it was decided to utilize a second-line treatment option, esophageal pneumatic dilation. […] Recommendations for the management of DES include following evidence-based guidelines that are available for both diagnosis and treatment. In patients with other medical issues or contraindications to modalities listed in the utilized guidelines, clinical reasoning, and a multidisciplinary, approach including a thorough risks and benefits discussion and shared decision-making process with the patient should be used.

• #2 Esophageal spasms // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/esophageal-spasms

  Surgery (myotomy). If medicine doesn’t work, a healthcare professional might recommend a procedure that involves cutting the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus. This procedure, called a myotomy, can help weaken esophageal contractions. Long-term studies of this approach aren’t available, so myotomy generally isn’t recommended for esophageal spasms. However, it might be considered if other treatments don’t work. […] Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The POEM procedure is minimally invasive. This newer technique involves placing an endoscope through the mouth and down the throat. This allows a surgeon to make a cut in the inside lining of the esophagus. Then, as in standard myotomy, the surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus. Like standard myotomy, POEM is usually considered only if other treatments don’t work.

• #3 Esophageal Spasm: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.esophageal-spasm-care-instructions.ut2352

  The cause of esophageal spasm is not known, although it is more common in people who have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Treat other conditions that can make esophageal spasms worse, such as GERD. […] Avoid very hot or cold foods if they trigger esophageal spasms.

• #3 Esophageal spasm – Emergency Department Analgesia

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/emergency-department-analgesia/esophageal-spasm/18CD985D83B7EA9BE50A3733F6A33540

  Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are recommended as a first-line therapy when chest pain is thought to be caused by esophageal spasm. […] Both long- and short-acting nitrates have been shown to provide some relief of pain caused by esophageal spasm. […] Calcium channel blockers decrease the amplitude and duration of esophageal spasms, but their use does not consistently result in better analgesia than achieved with placebo. […] This chapter discusses the use of anticholinergic agents such as atropine, hyoscyamine, or propantheline bromide decrease peristaltic contractions and reduce esophageal sphincter tone. […] There is evidence supporting the use of antidepressants such as tricyclics, trazodone, and SSRIs for treating chest pain caused by esophageal spasm. […] Regardless of their possible utility in the long term, antidepressants are not likely to be of help in the acute management of esophageal spasm pain in the ED.

• #3 Esophageal spasms | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/esophageal-spasms

  To help you cope with occasional esophageal spasms, try to: Avoid your triggers. Make a list of foods and beverages that cause your esophageal spasms. […] Suck a peppermint lozenge. Peppermint oil is a smooth muscle relaxant and might help ease esophageal spasms. Place the peppermint lozenge under your tongue.

• #3 Esophageal Spasm | Memorial Hermann

  https://memorialhermann.org/services/conditions/esophageal-spasm

  Diffuse esophageal spasm is usually a mild disease and might not require any treatment. Prevention by avoiding triggers can be sufficient. […] In severe cases, smooth-muscle relaxers like sublingual nitroglycerin, as well as long-acting forms of nitroglycerin, can be used. Calcium channel blockers and antidepressants also have been used and can be effective for maintenance therapy.

• #3 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: An Alternative Treatment Approach

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11156245/

  A previous study analyzing the long-term outcomes of esophageal dilation in 51 patients with diffuse esophageal spasm revealed that four years after esophageal dilation, 56.25% reported improvement in their symptoms. […] This case adds to the literature by presenting a case of successful management of DES with esophageal dilation alone.

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