Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pseudotumor Cerebri – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536924/

  Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a disorder with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and associated headaches, papilledema, vision changes, or pulsatile tinnitus in the setting of normal imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies. It mainly affects overweight women of childbearing age. […] Regardless of the etiology, this disorder can become debilitating and may lead to permanent vision loss. Thus, timely diagnosis and treatment is a must. […] The classic historical findings include: Headache: any location (bilateral, frontal, retrobulbar), often daily, and sometimes associated with increased severity in the morning and with Valsalva. Associated symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and photophobia, as well as neck and back pain. Headaches occur in up to 98% of cases.

• #1 Pseudotumor Cerebri – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536924/

  Transient vision loss can be monocular or binocular, partial or complete, and typically lasts for a few seconds at a time. It is likely due to optic disc edema leading to temporary ischemia of the optic nerve. Transient vision loss occurs in up to 70% of cases. […] Persistent vision loss occurs in up to 32% of cases, most of which are untreated. […] The disease prognosis depends on several factors, including: The rapidity of onset of symptoms: a more rapid onset requires more aggressive treatment. Amount of vision loss at presentation: significant loss at the time of presentation suggests a higher risk of permanent vision loss. […] It is not uncommon for this condition to cause symptoms for months to years, even with prompt treatment. Some patients have continued papilledema, increased ICPs, and residual visual field deficits. […] The most concerning complication of PTC is permanent vision loss because of compression of the optic nerve secondary to elevated intracranial pressure.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor cerebri – EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/99-Pseudotumor-Cerebri.htm

  A prospective study conducted by Wall and George demonstrated the following incidence of symptoms: headache (94%), transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), pain behind the eye (44%), double vision (38%), visual loss (30%). Over 90% of patients in this study had visual loss documented by perimetry. […] On examination, papilledema (bilateral optic disc edema) is nearly always present. This may be accompanied by a serous retinal detachment and choroidal folds if the intracranial pressure is excessively high.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor cerebri – EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/99-pseudotumor-cerebri.htm

  A prospective study conducted by Wall and George demonstrated the following incidence of symptoms: headache (94%), transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), pain behind the eye (44%), double vision (38%), visual loss (30%). Over 90% of patients in this study had visual loss documented by perimetry (Wall and George, 1991). […] On examination, papilledema (bilateral optic disc edema) is nearly always present. This may be accompanied by a serous retinal detachment and choroidal folds if the intracranial pressure is excessively high. […] Symptoms: Headache (94%), Transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), Pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), Pain behind the eye (44%), Double vision (38%), Visual loss (30%), Pain with eye movement (22%).

• #1 Pseudotumor cerebri Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition in which the pressure inside the skull is increased. […] Symptoms may include any of the following: Headaches, throbbing, daily, irregular and worse in the morning, Neck pain, Blurred vision, Buzzing sound in the ears (tinnitus), Dizziness, Double vision (diplopia), Nausea, vomiting, Vision problems such as flashing lights or even loss of vision, Low back pain, radiating along both legs. […] Headaches may get worse during physical activity, especially when you tighten the stomach muscles during coughing or straining. […] In some cases, the pressure inside the brain remains high for many years. Symptoms can return in some people. A small number of people have symptoms that slowly get worse and lead to blindness. […] The condition sometimes disappears on its own within 6 months. Symptoms can return in some people. A small number of people have symptoms that slowly get worse and lead to blindness. […] Vision loss is a serious complication of this condition.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21968-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is increased pressure in your skull. It can affect your vision and cause headaches, nausea or ringing in your ears. […] Symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension happen when there’s increased pressure around your brain. Common symptoms of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension include tinnitus, double vision and temporary blindness. Symptoms of IIH include: Double vision, Fatigue, Headaches (sudden and severe), Loss of peripheral (side) vision, Nausea and vomiting, Shoulder and neck pain, Temporary blindness or blind spots in vision, Tinnitus (ringing in your ears). […] IIH may lead to vision loss if untreated. This is irreversible. Timely treatment at the first sign of vision changes or symptoms can help reduce your risk of complications like permanent vision loss. Treatment is often successful at relieving symptoms.

• #1

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension or IIH, previously called „pseudotumor cerebri” is when pressure inside your head rises, causing vision problems, headaches and other symptoms. This happens when fluid from the brain (called cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) does not flow around the brain and spinal cord normally. […] When pressure around the brain is too high it can put pressure on the optic nerve causing it to swell. This may eventually damage the optic nerve, often causing vision loss. High pressure can also damage the nerves that move the eyes, causing double vision. […] What Are the Symptoms of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? Headaches, often at the back of your neck. These headaches may be so severe that they wake you up at night. Your headaches may be worse when you stoop or bend down. Vision changes. Your vision may seem dim, blurry, or dull. There may be short periods of time where your vision completely disappears. You might have trouble with peripheral (side) vision. You also may have double vision or other vision problems when you stoop down or bend over. Hearing problems, such as a rushing, swishing or ringing sound in your ear. Nausea and vomiting.

• #1 Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Pseudotumor_Cerebri_(Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension)

  Pseudotumor cerebri, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause that predominantly affects obese women of childbearing age. Papilledema is the primary ocular finding and may progressively lead to optic atrophy and blindness if no treatment is provided. […] A 65-year-old woman presented with a case of IIH displaying symptoms of chronic headaches, transient visual loss upon postural changes (typically lasting seconds), and pulsatile tinnitus. […] Although the presentation of IIH is usually non-specific, the following symptoms are among those usually reported: Headache: the most commonly reported symptom. It is usually diffuse, non-specific, and may be associated with vomiting. It may also occur with retro-ocular pain. Transient episodes of visual loss (usually lasting seconds): often following changes in posture or Valsalva maneuvers. Pulsatile tinnitus: a pulse-synchronous sound classically described as a unilateral „whooshing” sound exacerbated with positional changes. It is considered to be specific for the diagnosis. Visual disturbance: typically involves the peripheral visual field with an inferonasal defect, arcuate defect, or severe visual field constriction. Visual acuity is not usually affected and is more a sign of fulminant or advanced disease. Central visual field loss may occur in cases when concomitant macular pathology is present. Horizontal diplopia: occurs among patients with associated unilateral or bilateral non-localizing sixth cranial nerve palsy.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor cerebri – EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/99-Pseudotumor-Cerebri.htm

  Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is a condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is under high pressure in the absence of an intracranial mass, venous sinus thrombosis or other primary cause. It is also known as pseudotumor cerebri because patients present with signs and symptoms of a brain tumor without a brain tumor being present. […] IIH presents with symptoms and signs of elevated intracranial pressure. Headache is the most common symptom. The headache may be aggravated by changes in position. There may be a ringing or a „whooshing” sound in the ear synchronous with the patients pulse. A patient may experience double vision. Momentary loss of vision known as „transient obscurations of vision” are common; they may occur in one or both eyes and usually last seconds but rarely longer than one minute. Other visual symptoms are dimming of vision, or loss of peripheral vision in one or both eyes. The visual loss may be mild to severe. If severe and untreated, the disease can result in permanent vision loss.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/headache/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension typically occurs in women of childbearing age. […] Almost all patients have a daily or near daily generalized headache of fluctuating intensity, at times with nausea. They may also have transient obscuration of vision, diplopia (due to 6th cranial nerve dysfunction), and pulsatile intracranial tinnitus. Vision loss begins peripherally and may not be noticed by patients until late in the course. Permanent vision loss is the most serious consequence. Once vision is lost, it usually does not return, even if ICP is reduced. […] Bilateral papilledema is common; a few patients have unilateral or no papilledema. In some asymptomatic patients, papilledema is discovered during routine ophthalmoscopic examination. Neurologic examination may detect partial 6th cranial nerve palsy but is otherwise unremarkable.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/31655/

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) occurring most commonly in obese women of childbearing age. Common symptoms include headache, reduced visual acuity and constriction of visual fields, pulsatile tinnitus, and a physical exam remarkable for papilledema and cranial nerve 6 palsies. […] Presenting symptoms vary but often include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, vision loss, and diplopia. The potential for vision loss requires timely identification and treatment of IIH. Headache, which is present in up to 90% of individuals with IIH, is usually constant or daily and most often has a migraine phenotype. The most common visual field abnormalities identified are an enlarged blind spot and a partial arcuate defect. If left untreated, patients will continue to have constriction of visual fields and may progress to blindness due to optic disc edema and subsequent ischemia. Diplopia can occur due to a cranial nerve 6 palsy.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri

  Headaches that are generally nonspecific in location, type and frequency and can be associated with nausea and vomiting. […] Pulsatile tinnitus is a rhythmic or pulsating ringing heard in one or both ears. […] Horizontal double vision can be a sign of pressure on the 6th cranial nerve(s). […] Nonspecific radiating pain in the arms or legs (radicular pain). […] Transient obscurations of vision (TOV), which are temporary dimming or complete blacking out of vision. […] Visual field defects. These defects can occur in the central as well as the peripheral vision. […] Loss of color vision. […] As many as 10 percent of the people with pseudotumor cerebri experience progressively worsening vision and may eventually become blind. Even if symptoms have resolved, a recurrence can occur months or even years later. It is important to have regular follow-up eye examinations.

• #1 Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri/symptoms-causes/syc-20354031

  Pseudotumor cerebri signs and symptoms might include: […] Often severe headaches that might originate behind your eyes […] A whooshing sound in your head that pulses with your heartbeat […] Nausea, vomiting or dizziness […] Vision loss […] Brief episodes of blindness, lasting a few seconds and affecting one or both eyes […] Difficulty seeing to the side […] Double vision […] Seeing light flashes […] Neck, shoulder or back pain. […] Sometimes, symptoms that have resolved can recur months or years later. […] For some people with pseudotumor cerebri, their vision continues to worsen, leading to blindness.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by chronically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and the most important neurologic manifestation is papilledema. The presentation of acute/subacute symptoms of increased ICP and papilledema should be considered a clinical emergency until a neuroimaging study confirms the absence of an intracranial mass. If left untreated, chronic papilledema may lead to secondary progressive optic atrophy, visual field loss, and ultimately blindness. […] Patients with IIH usually present with symptoms related to increased ICP which may include the following: Headaches – 84% (nonspecific and varying in type, location, and frequency); Transient visual obscurations – 68% (a „graying out of vision” lasting seconds at a time, usually related to orthostatic movements); Pulse synchronous tinnitus – 52%; Subjective visual loss – 32%; Horizontal diplopia – 18% (due to a nonlocalizing sixth nerve palsy). The most significant physical finding in IIH is papilledema (ie, bilateral disc edema due to increased ICP).

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder related to high pressure in the brain. It causes signs and symptoms of a brain tumor. It’s also sometimes called pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hypertension. […] The symptoms of IIH mimic those of a true brain tumor. The main sign is unusually high pressure inside the skull. This is known as intracranial hypertension. […] Other symptoms include: Changes in eyesight, such as blurry vision or double vision, Vision loss, especially in the peripheral vision, Feeling dizzy or nauseated, Vomiting, Neck stiffness, Trouble walking, Frequent headaches, often along with nausea or vomiting, Persistent ringing in the ears (tinnitus), Forgetfulness, Depression. […] Untreated IIH can result in permanent problems. These include vision loss. Have regular eye exams and checkups treat any eye problems before they get worse. […] It’s also possible for symptoms to occur again even after treatment. It’s important to get regular checkups to help keep track of symptoms. Also to screen for an underlying problem.

• #1 Otoneurological symptoms in Idiopathic Intracranial Hy…

  https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0016.3322/en

  The cause of hearing loss in IIH is thought to be the transmission of elevated ICP to the perilymph through the cochlear aqueduct. […] Patients with IIH may also present symptoms typical of endolymphatic hydrops, such as vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. […] Spontaneous CSF leaks are one of the most serious complications of IIH. […] An important task of otolaryngologists is to help patients with IIH deal with symptoms secondary to ICP increase, such as pulsatile tinnitus, aural fullness, dizziness and headaches.

• #1 IIH (PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI) SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENTS.

  https://virtualheadachespecialist.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-iih-pseudotumor-cerebri-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/

  Headache is the most common symptom of IIH. It typically involves the whole head, and is often worse in the morning (after lying down all night and pressure tends to build). It can commonly flare up by certain activities such as coughing, sneezing, straining, bending forward, and laughing. […] According to criteria, IIH consists of a headache associated with CSF pressure greater than 250 mm CSF (25 cm CSF) in adults, and greater than 280 mm CSF (28 cm CSF) in children, checked by lumbar puncture (LP). […] IIH criteria also must have at least one of either pulsatile tinnitus (typically described as a whooshing in the ear) and/or papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve (transmits vision to the brain) in the back of the eye, seen during an eye exam). […] Some patients report transient obscurations of vision (TVOs), which are brief (usually seconds) partial or complete loss of vision which rapidly returns to normal. This is suspected to be due to brief lack of blood flow (ischemia) in the swollen area of the optic nerve (from papilledema). Double vision is occasionally reported. It is usually from abducens nerve (cranial nerve 6) palsy (weakness) and can be 1 or both sides, but other reported nerve palsies can include cranial nerve 3, 4, and 7. Additional symptoms can include neck pain, pain radiating from the neck down the arm (cervical radiculopathy), back pain, ear fullness (such as high altitude), dizziness and unsteadiness.

• #1 Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Pseudotumor_Cerebri_(Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension)

  The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms of ICP and preserve vision. Although diagnostic lumbar puncture may provide symptom relief the latter is often transient and requires combination with further long-term therapy. […] The course of the disease is variable and may vary from weeks to years. To date there are no prospective studies that have evaluated the natural history of the disease. Following treatment there is usual improvement and/or disease stabilization. Nonetheless, many patients may not fully recover and demonstrate persistent visual field defect, disc edema or elevated opening pressures on lumbar puncture. Permanent visual loss is the major morbidity and is mostly related to the severity of papilledema.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Eye floaters or flashes: Also called photopsia, this symptom occurs in 54% of IIH cases. […] Persistent vision loss: Up to 32% of people with IIH report vision loss that lasts for an extended period. Most of these instances are linked to a delay in treatment. […] It’s not unusual for people with IIH to experience symptoms for months or even years. This can even happen if you receive treatment quickly. For some people, IIH responds well to treatment but returns later. […] Headaches and vision loss are common symptoms of IIH.

• #1 Intracranial Hypertension or Pseudotumor Cerebri: The Basics – Migraine Canada

  https://migrainecanada.org/intracranial-hypertension-or-pseudotumor-cerebri-the-basics/

  Losing weight, even as little as 10% of body weight, can significantly improve symptoms and protect vision. Weight loss is challenging, but crucial for managing IIH. […] Regular eye exams by an ophthalmologist or optometrist are essential. If symptoms worsen, immediate vision testing is necessary to monitor the optic disk and visual fields.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

  The primary goal in treatment of IIH is the prevention of visual loss and blindness, as well as symptom control. IIH is treated mainly through the reduction of CSF pressure and IIH may resolve after initial treatment, may go into spontaneous remission (although it can still relapse at a later stage), or may continue chronically. […] It is not known what percentage of people with IIH will remit spontaneously, and what percentage will develop chronic disease. IIH does not normally affect life expectancy. The major complications from IIH arise from untreated or treatment-resistant papilledema. In various case series, the long-term risk of one’s vision being significantly affected by IIH is reported to lie anywhere between 10 and 25%.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain. Complications may include vision loss. […] The most common symptom of IIH is severe headache, which occurs in almost all (92-94%) cases. It is characteristically worse in the morning, generalized in character and throbbing in nature. It may be associated with nausea and vomiting. The headache can be made worse by any activity that further increases the intracranial pressure, such as coughing and sneezing. […] The increased pressure leads to papilledema, which is swelling of the optic disc, the spot where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. This occurs in practically all cases of IIH, but not everyone experiences symptoms from this. Those who do experience symptoms typically report „transient visual obscurations”, episodes of difficulty seeing that occur in both eyes but not necessarily at the same time. Long-term untreated papilledema leads to visual loss, initially in the periphery but progressively towards the center of vision.

• #1 UT Health Austin | Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome

  https://uthealthaustin.org/conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri-syndrome

  Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (meaning false tumor), also called idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is a condition that causes increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the brain, typically triggered by weight gain or obesity. This increased pressure results in symptoms that mimic a brain tumor, including loss of vision. […] The increased intracranial pressure can cause swelling of the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss and sometimes blindness. Vision problems in pseudotumor cerebri evolve slowly over time, with temporary episodes of visual blurring that often start in the peripheral field of vision. If the pressure continues to build up, the nerves governing eye movement can also be affected, causing double vision. […] Symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome may include: A ringing in your ears, Brief episodes of blindness, typically lasting a few seconds and affecting one or both eyes, Changes in vision, such as double vision, or vision loss, Nausea, vomiting, or dizziness, Neck, shoulder, or back pain, Seeing light flashes, Severe headaches that might originate behind the eyes.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration, CSF Diversion, and Venous Sinus Stenting

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-treatment

  The primary treatment objectives for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are to preserve optic nerve function, manage elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and alleviate symptoms. […] If progressive visual field loss occurs despite maximal medical therapy, urgent surgical intervention may be necessary. […] Regular ophthalmologic assessments, especially quantitative visual field tests, are crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment plan. […] If vision deteriorates despite ongoing treatment, surgical options like optic nerve sheath fenestration, lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal shunting, or endovascular venous stenting should be considered. […] Identifying and addressing any underlying causes, including specific disorders or medications, is also critical to managing IIH effectively.

• #1 European Headache Federation guideline on idiopathic intracranial hypertension | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0919-2

  All IIH patients with active papilloedema need close ophthalmological monitoring to evaluate the visual function and assess the risk of visual loss as in some the visual disturbances are progressive and may lead to prolonged ischemia of the optic nerve head resulting in complete and irreversible sight loss secondary to optic atrophy. […] Data from a recent randomized-controlled clinical trial with acetazolamide for the treatment of IIH, the IIH Treatment Trial (IIHTT), revealed that higher-grade papilloedema and a significant loss in visual acuity at presentation are associated with a higher risk of progression to visual field loss despite adequate treatment. […] Cognitive function has been reported to be affected in IIH. […] The results of this study reveal that despite an improvement of ICP and headache after 3 months of adequate treatment, the cognitive dysfunction appears to persist raising the question if IIH-related cognitive decline is the result of more complex mechanisms rather than the direct effect of mechanical compression. […] Headache is the predominant morbidity in IIH and significantly reduces quality of life. […] In those IIH patients with ongoing raised ICP, weight loss has been shown to significantly improve the Headache Impact Test 6 score (HIT-6) as well as headache severity, frequency and acute analgesic use.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/headache/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is aimed at the following: Reducing pressure, Preserving vision, Relieving symptoms. […] Frequent ophthalmologic assessment (including quantitative visual fields) is required to monitor response to treatment; testing visual acuity is not sensitive enough to warn of impending vision loss. […] If vision deteriorates despite treatment, one of the following may be indicated: Optic nerve sheath fenestration, Shunting (lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal), Endovascular venous stenting.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Key signs and symptoms characterized | 2 Minute Medicine

  https://www.2minutemedicine.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-key-signs-and-symptoms-characterized/

  1. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is predominantly a disease of obese young women with headache being the most common symptom. […] 2. In patients with visual loss, the most common perimetric finding was partial arcuate visual field defect with an enlarged blind spot, and patients tended to have mild loss of visual acuity. […] […] […] Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), or pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and its associated signs and symptoms with no other secondary cause of increased ICP. This study found IIH to be a disease primarily of young, obese women (98% of study participants) who mostly presented with headache as the initial symptom. Transient visual obscurations, back pain, and tinnitus (pulse synchronized and non-pulsatile) were also commonly reported. In patients with visual loss, the most common perimetric finding was partial arcuate visual field defect with an enlarged blind spot, and patients tended to have mild loss of visual acuity.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

  https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/PUArticles/March2016/IdiopathicIntracranialHypertension.htm

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH, previously known as pseudotumor cerebri) is a disorder of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure in which patients maintain an alert and oriented mental state. Signs and symptoms include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, diplopia, papilloedema and visual loss. […] IIH occurs more often in women than men and most commonly occurs in obese women of childbearing age. More than 90% of patients with IIH are obese and the incidence is rising in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity. […] Prompt discontinuation of the causative medicine leads to resolution of the disorder, usually over two to four weeks. Weight loss is associated with improvement of IIH in overweight patients.

• #1 Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354036

  The goal of pseudotumor cerebri treatment is to improve your symptoms and keep your eyesight from worsening. […] Losing extra pounds and maintaining a healthy weight might help reduce your chances of developing this potentially sight-stealing disorder. […] If your vision worsens, surgery to reduce the pressure around your optic nerve or to decrease the intracranial pressure might be necessary. […] Once you’ve had pseudotumor cerebri, you’ll need to have your vision checked regularly to monitor changes. […] Obesity dramatically increases young women’s risk of pseudotumor cerebri. Even in women who aren’t obese, a moderate amount of weight gain can increase the risk.

• #1 Diagnostic Criteria For Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) — Ophthalmology Review

  https://www.ophthalmologyreview.org/articles/diagnostic-criteria-ptc

  […] As we learn more and more about PTC, a greater emphasis has been made within the neuro-ophthalmology community to tighten up the diagnostic criteria for PTC, which in turn helps us determine the appropriate treatment options. […] […] In 2013, Friedman, Liu, and Digre revisited the diagnostic criteria to include new information about neuroimaging, reports of pseudotumor cerebri without papilledema, and many other clinical similar conditions that may be lumped into the new PTC syndrome umbrella. […] […] The authors noted that those with true primary pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (i.e., IIH) tended to be older than 3 years old and younger than 60 years old. So although the patient’s age is not listed as a strict requirement for diagnosis, alternate causes for optic nerve swelling or increased intracranial pressure should be considered in those extreme outliers.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension doc – Bobby Jones CSF

  https://bobbyjonescsf.org/physician-information/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  The effects of intracranial pressure on the extraocular nerves (the nerves controlling eye movements) can result in double vision. When the sixth cranial nerves are affected, there is double vision on lateral gaze (when looking to the right or left). […] Persons with IIH often suffer from other neurological symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pulsatile tinnitus (a pulsatile ringing or sound in the ears), and difficulty with thinking, learning, and memory. […] Recognition of IIH, an increasingly frequent condition, deserves increased attention at all levels of patient care. The preponderant occurrence in obese women of child bearing age should alert us to having a heightened suspicion in these patients. However, cases also occur in children, nonobese women, and men.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration, CSF Diversion, and Venous Sinus Stenting

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-treatment

  Patients who report rapidly progressive visual loss (typically, constriction of peripheral vision or dimming of vision in one or both eyes) particularly those who present with decreased visual acuity, and new visual field loss, may respond to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. […] If the visual field worsens or does not recover promptly (ie, within 24-48 hours) with corticosteroid therapy, emergency CSF shunting (lumboperitoneal, ventriculoperitoneal, or ventriculoatrial) or optic nerve sheath fenestration should be performed. […] Most patients with IIH are females who are overweight. Weight loss is a cornerstone in the long-term management of these patients. […] As little as a 5-10% weight loss has been demonstrated to yield a reduction in ICP with accompanying resolution of papilledema. […] The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial identified that the risk factors for treatment failure included male sex, high-grade papilledema, low baseline visual acuity, and increased number of transient visual obscuration episodes per month.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  The goal of management in IIH is to preserve optic nerve function while managing increased ICP. During active treatment, serial eye exams including assessment of the optic nerve appearance and static perimetry are essential to follow the visual function of these patients. […] The morbidity of IIH mainly is related to the effects of papilledema on visual function. If left untreated, long-standing disc edema results in an irreversible optic neuropathy with accompanying constriction of the visual field and loss of color vision. In end-stage papilledema, central visual acuity also is involved. With timely and appropriate treatment of IIH, the visual prognosis can be encouraging. […] The frequency and degree to which vision loss occurs in IIH is difficult to establish from the existing literature. Depending on the referral population and the rigor with which visual function is tested, the prognosis for vision loss in IIH has varied considerably in different series. […] Since IIH tends to be chronic, visual function (visual acuity, visual fields, optic nerve appearance) must be monitored for years after presentation. If necessary, medical treatment should be continued on a long-term basis.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension | Barrow Neurological InstituteGroup 9Group 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  Symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension can resemble those of a brain tumor or another medical condition. Contact a medical professional if you are experiencing symptoms. […] Close monitoring of vision and optic nerve swelling is vital in IIH, as vision loss can be permanent and complete blindness can occur. If there are rapid changes in vision or the appearance of the optic nerves, treatment needs to be changed quickly. Sometimes the patient doesn’t notice vision changes that are picked up on the formal testing, so it is important to see the neuro-ophthalmologist or ophthalmologist for this testing as recommended.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is also called pseudotumor cerebri. It is a disorder defined by clinical criteria that include symptoms and signs isolated to those produced by increased intracranial pressure (eg, headache, papilledema, vision loss), elevated intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and no other cause of intracranial hypertension evident on neuroimaging or other evaluations. IIH primarily affects females of childbearing age who are overweight. […] While once called „benign intracranial hypertension” to distinguish it from secondary intracranial hypertension produced by a malignancy, it is not a benign disorder. Many patients suffer from intractable, disabling headaches, and there is a risk of severe, permanent vision loss. Even patients with mild vision loss have an associated reduction in quality of life.

• #1 Symptoms and disease associations in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): a case-control study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1992368/

  To identify the symptoms and coexisting medical conditions associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), we administered an 83-item questionnaire at the time of diagnosis to 50 IIH patients and 100 aged-matched controls. […] Symptoms most commonly reported by IIH patients were headache (94%), transient visual obscurations (TVO) (68%), and intracranial noises (ICN) (58%). […] The profile of a young obese woman with headaches and either TVO or ICN should alert the clinician to the diagnosis of IIH, especially when the symptoms occur daily.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by chronically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and the most important neurologic manifestation is papilledema. The presentation of acute/subacute symptoms of increased ICP and papilledema should be considered a clinical emergency until a neuroimaging study confirms the absence of an intracranial mass. If left untreated, chronic papilledema may lead to secondary progressive optic atrophy, visual field loss, and ultimately blindness. […] Patients with IIH usually present with symptoms related to increased ICP which may include the following: Headaches – 84% (nonspecific and varying in type, location, and frequency); Transient visual obscurations – 68% (a „graying out of vision” lasting seconds at a time, usually related to orthostatic movements); Pulse synchronous tinnitus – 52%; Subjective visual loss – 32%; Horizontal diplopia – 18% (due to a nonlocalizing sixth nerve palsy). The most significant physical finding in IIH is papilledema (ie, bilateral disc edema due to increased ICP).

• #2 Symptoms and disease associations in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): a case-control study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1992368/

  To identify the symptoms and coexisting medical conditions associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), we administered an 83-item questionnaire at the time of diagnosis to 50 IIH patients and 100 aged-matched controls. […] Symptoms most commonly reported by IIH patients were headache (94%), transient visual obscurations (TVO) (68%), and intracranial noises (ICN) (58%). […] The profile of a young obese woman with headaches and either TVO or ICN should alert the clinician to the diagnosis of IIH, especially when the symptoms occur daily.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor cerebri – EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/99-pseudotumor-cerebri.htm

  A prospective study conducted by Wall and George demonstrated the following incidence of symptoms: headache (94%), transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), pain behind the eye (44%), double vision (38%), visual loss (30%). Over 90% of patients in this study had visual loss documented by perimetry (Wall and George, 1991). […] On examination, papilledema (bilateral optic disc edema) is nearly always present. This may be accompanied by a serous retinal detachment and choroidal folds if the intracranial pressure is excessively high. […] Symptoms: Headache (94%), Transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), Pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), Pain behind the eye (44%), Double vision (38%), Visual loss (30%), Pain with eye movement (22%).

• #2

  https://step2.medbullets.com/neurology/120306/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri

  A 28-year-old woman is referred to a headache neurologist for throbbing left-sided headaches that are refractory to numerous analgesics. Her headache is associated with episodes of double vision and „vision blurriness.” She also endorses worsening headache with a cough and has experienced nausea. Her BMI is 32 kg/m2. Neurological examination is notable for a left-sided sixth nerve palsy, decreased visual fields, and papilledema on fundoscopy. […] Symptoms consistent with increased intracranial pressure without an identifiable cause are a diagnosis of exclusion. […] Symptoms include headache, typically lateralized and pulsatile in nature, nausea and vomiting, pulsatile tinnitus, and diplopia. […] Physical exam findings include papilledema (hallmark), sixth nerve palsy, and visual field loss.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri

  Headaches that are generally nonspecific in location, type and frequency and can be associated with nausea and vomiting. […] Pulsatile tinnitus is a rhythmic or pulsating ringing heard in one or both ears. […] Horizontal double vision can be a sign of pressure on the 6th cranial nerve(s). […] Nonspecific radiating pain in the arms or legs (radicular pain). […] Transient obscurations of vision (TOV), which are temporary dimming or complete blacking out of vision. […] Visual field defects. These defects can occur in the central as well as the peripheral vision. […] Loss of color vision. […] As many as 10 percent of the people with pseudotumor cerebri experience progressively worsening vision and may eventually become blind. Even if symptoms have resolved, a recurrence can occur months or even years later. It is important to have regular follow-up eye examinations.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/headache/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension typically occurs in women of childbearing age. […] Almost all patients have a daily or near daily generalized headache of fluctuating intensity, at times with nausea. They may also have transient obscuration of vision, diplopia (due to 6th cranial nerve dysfunction), and pulsatile intracranial tinnitus. Vision loss begins peripherally and may not be noticed by patients until late in the course. Permanent vision loss is the most serious consequence. Once vision is lost, it usually does not return, even if ICP is reduced. […] Bilateral papilledema is common; a few patients have unilateral or no papilledema. In some asymptomatic patients, papilledema is discovered during routine ophthalmoscopic examination. Neurologic examination may detect partial 6th cranial nerve palsy but is otherwise unremarkable.

• #2 IIH (PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI) SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENTS.

  https://virtualheadachespecialist.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-iih-pseudotumor-cerebri-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/

  Headache is the most common symptom of IIH. It typically involves the whole head, and is often worse in the morning (after lying down all night and pressure tends to build). It can commonly flare up by certain activities such as coughing, sneezing, straining, bending forward, and laughing. […] According to criteria, IIH consists of a headache associated with CSF pressure greater than 250 mm CSF (25 cm CSF) in adults, and greater than 280 mm CSF (28 cm CSF) in children, checked by lumbar puncture (LP). […] IIH criteria also must have at least one of either pulsatile tinnitus (typically described as a whooshing in the ear) and/or papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve (transmits vision to the brain) in the back of the eye, seen during an eye exam). […] Some patients report transient obscurations of vision (TVOs), which are brief (usually seconds) partial or complete loss of vision which rapidly returns to normal. This is suspected to be due to brief lack of blood flow (ischemia) in the swollen area of the optic nerve (from papilledema). Double vision is occasionally reported. It is usually from abducens nerve (cranial nerve 6) palsy (weakness) and can be 1 or both sides, but other reported nerve palsies can include cranial nerve 3, 4, and 7. Additional symptoms can include neck pain, pain radiating from the neck down the arm (cervical radiculopathy), back pain, ear fullness (such as high altitude), dizziness and unsteadiness.

• #2 Pseudotumor Cerebri – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536924/

  Transient vision loss can be monocular or binocular, partial or complete, and typically lasts for a few seconds at a time. It is likely due to optic disc edema leading to temporary ischemia of the optic nerve. Transient vision loss occurs in up to 70% of cases. […] Persistent vision loss occurs in up to 32% of cases, most of which are untreated. […] The disease prognosis depends on several factors, including: The rapidity of onset of symptoms: a more rapid onset requires more aggressive treatment. Amount of vision loss at presentation: significant loss at the time of presentation suggests a higher risk of permanent vision loss. […] It is not uncommon for this condition to cause symptoms for months to years, even with prompt treatment. Some patients have continued papilledema, increased ICPs, and residual visual field deficits. […] The most concerning complication of PTC is permanent vision loss because of compression of the optic nerve secondary to elevated intracranial pressure.

• #2 Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Pseudotumor_Cerebri_(Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension)

  Pseudotumor cerebri, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), is a disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause that predominantly affects obese women of childbearing age. Papilledema is the primary ocular finding and may progressively lead to optic atrophy and blindness if no treatment is provided. […] A 65-year-old woman presented with a case of IIH displaying symptoms of chronic headaches, transient visual loss upon postural changes (typically lasting seconds), and pulsatile tinnitus. […] Although the presentation of IIH is usually non-specific, the following symptoms are among those usually reported: Headache: the most commonly reported symptom. It is usually diffuse, non-specific, and may be associated with vomiting. It may also occur with retro-ocular pain. Transient episodes of visual loss (usually lasting seconds): often following changes in posture or Valsalva maneuvers. Pulsatile tinnitus: a pulse-synchronous sound classically described as a unilateral „whooshing” sound exacerbated with positional changes. It is considered to be specific for the diagnosis. Visual disturbance: typically involves the peripheral visual field with an inferonasal defect, arcuate defect, or severe visual field constriction. Visual acuity is not usually affected and is more a sign of fulminant or advanced disease. Central visual field loss may occur in cases when concomitant macular pathology is present. Horizontal diplopia: occurs among patients with associated unilateral or bilateral non-localizing sixth cranial nerve palsy.

• #2 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-1?lang=us

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure but where a causative mass or hydrocephalus is not identified. […] Patients usually present with headaches, visual problems (transient or gradual visual loss), pulse-synchronous tinnitus, photopsia, and/or eye pain. […] Papilledema is the hallmark finding on fundoscopic examination, which is typically bilateral but uncommonly may be unilateral or even absent, making the clinical diagnosis difficult. […] Neurological examination is usually normal, except visual field deficit or sixth cranial nerve palsy are sometimes encountered. […] Lumbar puncture is central to diagnosis. The CSF composition is normal but the opening pressure is elevated (with 20-25 cm H2O considered equivocal and 25 cm H2O considered definitely abnormal).

• #2 Intracranial Hypertension or Pseudotumor Cerebri: The Basics – Migraine Canada

  https://migrainecanada.org/intracranial-hypertension-or-pseudotumor-cerebri-the-basics/

  Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a condition where the pressure inside the skull increases without an obvious cause. IIH disrupts the mechanisms that regulate this pressure, resulting in headaches and swelling of the optic nerves, which can threaten vision. […] The primary symptom of IIH is a headache, experienced by 90% of patients. This headache is usually diffuse, moderate, and sometimes throbbing, often worsening when lying down due to increased pressure. Additional symptoms include: Nausea and vomiting, Visual disturbances: This includes seeing black when bending over, seeing stars, and losing peripheral vision, due to optic nerve swelling, Double vision (diplopia): Caused by pressure on the nerves controlling eye movement, Tinnitus: Ringing in the ears, which can be pulsatile and exacerbated by lying down or bending over.

• #2 European Headache Federation guideline on idiopathic intracranial hypertension | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0919-2

  All IIH patients with active papilloedema need close ophthalmological monitoring to evaluate the visual function and assess the risk of visual loss as in some the visual disturbances are progressive and may lead to prolonged ischemia of the optic nerve head resulting in complete and irreversible sight loss secondary to optic atrophy. […] Data from a recent randomized-controlled clinical trial with acetazolamide for the treatment of IIH, the IIH Treatment Trial (IIHTT), revealed that higher-grade papilloedema and a significant loss in visual acuity at presentation are associated with a higher risk of progression to visual field loss despite adequate treatment. […] Cognitive function has been reported to be affected in IIH. […] The results of this study reveal that despite an improvement of ICP and headache after 3 months of adequate treatment, the cognitive dysfunction appears to persist raising the question if IIH-related cognitive decline is the result of more complex mechanisms rather than the direct effect of mechanical compression. […] Headache is the predominant morbidity in IIH and significantly reduces quality of life. […] In those IIH patients with ongoing raised ICP, weight loss has been shown to significantly improve the Headache Impact Test 6 score (HIT-6) as well as headache severity, frequency and acute analgesic use.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  The goal of management in IIH is to preserve optic nerve function while managing increased ICP. During active treatment, serial eye exams including assessment of the optic nerve appearance and static perimetry are essential to follow the visual function of these patients. […] The morbidity of IIH mainly is related to the effects of papilledema on visual function. If left untreated, long-standing disc edema results in an irreversible optic neuropathy with accompanying constriction of the visual field and loss of color vision. In end-stage papilledema, central visual acuity also is involved. With timely and appropriate treatment of IIH, the visual prognosis can be encouraging. […] The frequency and degree to which vision loss occurs in IIH is difficult to establish from the existing literature. Depending on the referral population and the rigor with which visual function is tested, the prognosis for vision loss in IIH has varied considerably in different series. […] Since IIH tends to be chronic, visual function (visual acuity, visual fields, optic nerve appearance) must be monitored for years after presentation. If necessary, medical treatment should be continued on a long-term basis.

• #2 Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Pseudotumor_Cerebri_(Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension)

  The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms of ICP and preserve vision. Although diagnostic lumbar puncture may provide symptom relief the latter is often transient and requires combination with further long-term therapy. […] The course of the disease is variable and may vary from weeks to years. To date there are no prospective studies that have evaluated the natural history of the disease. Following treatment there is usual improvement and/or disease stabilization. Nonetheless, many patients may not fully recover and demonstrate persistent visual field defect, disc edema or elevated opening pressures on lumbar puncture. Permanent visual loss is the major morbidity and is mostly related to the severity of papilledema.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration, CSF Diversion, and Venous Sinus Stenting

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-treatment

  Patients who report rapidly progressive visual loss (typically, constriction of peripheral vision or dimming of vision in one or both eyes) particularly those who present with decreased visual acuity, and new visual field loss, may respond to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. […] If the visual field worsens or does not recover promptly (ie, within 24-48 hours) with corticosteroid therapy, emergency CSF shunting (lumboperitoneal, ventriculoperitoneal, or ventriculoatrial) or optic nerve sheath fenestration should be performed. […] Most patients with IIH are females who are overweight. Weight loss is a cornerstone in the long-term management of these patients. […] As little as a 5-10% weight loss has been demonstrated to yield a reduction in ICP with accompanying resolution of papilledema. […] The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial identified that the risk factors for treatment failure included male sex, high-grade papilledema, low baseline visual acuity, and increased number of transient visual obscuration episodes per month.

• #2 Otoneurological symptoms in Idiopathic Intracranial Hy…

  https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0016.3322/en

  The cause of hearing loss in IIH is thought to be the transmission of elevated ICP to the perilymph through the cochlear aqueduct. […] Patients with IIH may also present symptoms typical of endolymphatic hydrops, such as vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. […] Spontaneous CSF leaks are one of the most serious complications of IIH. […] An important task of otolaryngologists is to help patients with IIH deal with symptoms secondary to ICP increase, such as pulsatile tinnitus, aural fullness, dizziness and headaches.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/headaches/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension usually begins with a daily or almost daily headache, which affects both sides of the head. At first, the headache may be mild, but it varies in intensity and may become severe. The headache may be accompanied by nausea, double or blurred vision, and noises within the head that occur with each beat of the pulse (called pulsatile tinnitus). A few people do not have any symptoms. […] Increased pressure within the skull may cause the optic nerve to swell near the eyeball, a condition called papilledema. Doctors can observe the swelling by looking at the back of the eye through an ophthalmoscope. […] The first sign of vision problems is loss of peripheral (side) vision. People may not notice this loss at first. As a result, people may bump into objects for no apparent reason. Vision may be blurred briefly, sometimes triggered by changing position, and blurring may come and go. Late in the disorder, vision is blurred, and people may quickly become blind. As many as one-third of people lose their vision, partially or completely, in one or both eyes. Once vision is lost, it usually does not return, even if the pressure around the brain is relieved. Doctors must closely monitor people with this condition to prevent loss of vision.

• #2 What are the symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/intracranial-hypertension

  Many people may only notice or experience visual field loss at late stages. Once a person with IIH loses their vision, they are unlikely to regain it, even if they manage their ICP. […] Another common symptom of IIH is transient visual obscurations, or transient loss of vision. This refers to episodes of blurred vision, followed by recovery of vision. These periods of vision loss may involve one or both eyes. […] Symptoms typically manifest as severe headache episodes and vision changes. These symptoms can significantly interfere with a person’s daily functioning and quality of life unless the condition is treated.

• #2 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is also called pseudotumor cerebri. It is a disorder defined by clinical criteria that include symptoms and signs isolated to those produced by increased intracranial pressure (eg, headache, papilledema, vision loss), elevated intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and no other cause of intracranial hypertension evident on neuroimaging or other evaluations. IIH primarily affects females of childbearing age who are overweight. […] While once called „benign intracranial hypertension” to distinguish it from secondary intracranial hypertension produced by a malignancy, it is not a benign disorder. Many patients suffer from intractable, disabling headaches, and there is a risk of severe, permanent vision loss. Even patients with mild vision loss have an associated reduction in quality of life.

• #2 Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354036

  The goal of pseudotumor cerebri treatment is to improve your symptoms and keep your eyesight from worsening. […] Losing extra pounds and maintaining a healthy weight might help reduce your chances of developing this potentially sight-stealing disorder. […] If your vision worsens, surgery to reduce the pressure around your optic nerve or to decrease the intracranial pressure might be necessary. […] Once you’ve had pseudotumor cerebri, you’ll need to have your vision checked regularly to monitor changes. […] Obesity dramatically increases young women’s risk of pseudotumor cerebri. Even in women who aren’t obese, a moderate amount of weight gain can increase the risk.

• #3 EM@3AM: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – emDocs

  https://www.emdocs.net/em3am-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  Permanent visual loss is the primary morbidity, affecting 10-25% of patients with IIH. […] Most common complaint headache, most often similar to primary headache disorders, but can be absent. Transient visual disturbances (bilateral or unilateral), pulsatile tinnitus, diplopia, nausea, vomiting are other signs of increased ICP. […] The hallmark physical exam finding is papilledema, as seen in the patient above. It is typically bilateral and symmetric. Sixth cranial nerve (abducens) palsy may also be present. […] The diagnosis of IIH is made by a lumbar puncture with an increased opening pressure. Making the diagnosis is critical as it affects management and appropriate management can avoid the most common complication which is vision loss.

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