Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15075-bedwetting

  Most children gradually stop wetting the bed on their own as they grow older. This usually happens between 4 and 6 years of age. […] A healthcare provider will see bedwetting as an issue if your child is over age 12 and continues to wet the bed two or more times a week for at least three months in a row. […] Bedwetting is common and doesn’t typically last forever. Children usually grow out of the condition when they learn to control their bladder. If an underlying condition caused bedwetting, treating that condition will stop or reduce bedwetting. It may take time to manage nocturnal enuresis, but it’s a treatable condition.

• #2 Bedwetting (Enuresis) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/bedwetting-enuresis-a-to-z

  Because almost all children eventually outgrow bedwetting, the outlook is excellent, even without treatment. […] With treatment, the success rate depends on the type of therapy. Motivational therapy succeeds in about 25% of children, behavioral therapy in about 70%, and bladder training in about 66%. The success rate of the drug, desmopressin acetate, may be as high as 70%, but varies widely in research studies.

• #3 Pediatrics Care Cypress-Fairbanks |Child Health Care Northwest Houston

  https://www.luv-n-carepediatrics.com/Bedwetting.php

  Primary bedwetting is generally viewed as a delay in maturation of the nervous system. […] Family history plays a big roll in predicting primary bedwetting. […] The „cure” for primary bedwetting is „tincture (or passage) of time.” […] A step-by-step approach can be anticipated to have a successful outcome in over 75% of such patients. […] Therapy of secondary bedwetting is directed at the primary pathology provoking the symptom of wetting the bed. […] In the medical world of today, both primary and secondary bedwetting should be a manageable condition with a reasonable goal of successfully eliminating both parental and patient anxiety, frustration, and embarrassment. […] All bedwetting is manageable.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/fulltext/2015/11000/factors_predicting_atypical_development_of.9.aspx

  To derive latent classes (longitudinal phenotypes) of frequency of bedwetting from 4 to 9 years and to examine their association with developmental delay, parental history of bedwetting, length of gestation and birth weight. […] The authors described patterns of development of nighttime bladder control and found evidence for factors that predict continuation of bedwetting at school age. Increased knowledge of risk factors for bedwetting is needed to identify children at risk of future problems attaining and maintaining continence. […] There is a need to understand factors that predict the prognosis of bedwetting to improve the identification of children who are at risk of persistent bedwetting. […] We found that children with delayed development at 18 months had increased odds of experiencing bedwetting at school age, with the strongest associations found for the frequent delayed and frequent persistent classes. […] It is important to identify children at risk of frequent bedwetting that persists into late childhood and prioritize them for treatment because their bedwetting is less likely to resolve with increasing age.

• #5 Evaluation and management of enuresis in the general paediatric setting | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/evaluation-and-management-of-enuresis-in-the-general-paediatric-setting

  Assessing enuresis involves distinguishing monosymptomatic from non-monosymptomatic for this common paediatric problem, and identifying concomitant comorbidities. […] Enuresis can have significant negative impacts on child health and family life. […] Improvement in LUTS can improve enuresis secondarily. Conversely, enuresis treatment is less likely to succeed in the presence of unrecognized and untreated LUTS. […] Enuresis that occurs every night is less likely to resolve spontaneously or respond to treatment than intermittent enuresis. […] Many children who find enuresis stressful, unpleasant, and a source of unhappiness respond positively to treatment, so long as treatment is implemented without blame or judgement. […] Importantly, for all children and youth, LUTS and identifiable comorbidities such as constipation need to be addressed before active intervention.

• #6 Evaluation and management of enuresis in the general paediatric setting | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/evaluation-and-management-of-enuresis-in-the-general-paediatric-setting

  Desmopressin works by decreasing both urine volume and intravesical pressure at night. Desmopressin is effective for treating enuresis with a range of underlying mechanisms and may be especially useful for nocturnal polyuria with normal (rather than low) daytime bladder capacity. […] Evidence is emerging for the benefits of combining treatments for enuresis. Trials that have combined alarm use and desmopressin have reported some favourable results, especially for children with nocturnal polyuria who do not respond to alarm therapy alone.

• #7 Examining the effectiveness of parental strategies to overcome bedwetting: an observational cohort study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5541498/

  To examine whether a range of common strategies used by parents to overcome bedwetting in 7-year-old children (including lifting, restricting drinks before bedtime, regular daytime toilet trips, rewards, showing displeasure and using protection pants) are effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. […] These findings provide evidence that common strategies used to overcome bedwetting in 7-year-olds are not effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. Parents should be encouraged to seek professional advice for their child’s bedwetting rather than persisting with strategies that may be ineffective. […] The unadjusted propensity score-based analysis shows that the parental strategies used at 7 years are associated with an increase in the risk of bedwetting at 9 years.

• #8 Examining the effectiveness of parental strategies to overcome bedwetting: an observational cohort study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5541498/

  After applying the propensity score model adjusting for the child and family variables and then further adjusting for the other strategies, the adjusted treatment effects provided evidence that lifting and restricting drinks are associated with an increase in the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. […] We examined a range of common strategies used by parents to overcome bedwetting and found that when these strategies were used with 7-year-old children who wet the bed, they were not effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. Parental strategies including lifting and restricting drinks before bedtime were associated with an increased risk of subsequent bedwetting.

• #9 Examining the effectiveness of parental strategies to overcome bedwetting: an observational cohort study | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/7/e016749

  To examine whether a range of common strategies used by parents to overcome bedwetting in 7-year-old children (including lifting, restricting drinks before bedtime, regular daytime toilet trips, rewards, showing displeasure and using protection pants) are effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. […] Using propensity score-based methods, we found that two of the parental strategies used at 7 years were associated with an increased risk of bedwetting at 9 years, after adjusting the model for child and family variables and other parental strategies: lifting (risk difference=0.106 (95% CI 0.009 to 0.202), ie, there is a 10.6% (0.9% to 20.2%) increase in risk of bedwetting at 9 years among children whose parents used lifting compared with children whose parents did not use this strategy) and restricting drinks before bedtime (0.123 (0.021 to 0.226)).

• #10 Examining the effectiveness of parental strategies to overcome bedwetting: an observational cohort study | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/7/e016749

  These findings provide evidence that common strategies used to overcome bedwetting in 7-year-olds are not effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. Parents should be encouraged to seek professional advice for their child’s bedwetting rather than persisting with strategies that may be ineffective. […] We examined a range of common strategies used by parents to overcome bedwetting and found that when these strategies were used with 7-year-old children who wet the bed, they were not effective in reducing the risk of bedwetting at 9 years. Parental strategies including lifting and restricting drinks before bedtime were associated with an increased risk of subsequent bedwetting. […] This study adds further weight to the importance of encouraging parents to seek professional help for their child’s bedwetting, rather than persisting with strategies that may be ineffective.

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