Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with different metatarsalgia types and matched healthy controls: a cross-sectional analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9907770/

  Metatarsalgia can be considered to be a common complaint in clinical practice. […] Its prevalence in the general population is 10% and this may increase up to 50%-95% in older adults. Metatarsalgia can be considered to be the most frequent cause of foot pain in middle-aged women, accounting for approximately 85% of foot pain in that population. […] A prospective cohort study among adults aged 50 years and over, the incidence of disabling foot soreness was found to reach 8.1% after a three-year follow-up and it increased with increasing age. […] Metatarsalgia may be secondary to damage (mechanical or of other origin) to anatomical structures surrounding the joint (capsule, ligaments, vessels, bone, cartilage, nerves, tendons, bursa, subcutaneous tissue or skin). […] This major health problem seems to be more frequent among females (85% of the population affected).

• #1 Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with different metatarsalgia types and matched healthy controls: a cross-sectional analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9907770/

  Among people suffering from metatarsalgia, their condition had a negative impact on foot health-related QoL. There were significant reductions in foot-specific and general health among patients with metatarsalgia, especially regarding secondary and iatrogenic metatarsalgia, in relation to matched healthy controls.

• #1 Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with different metatarsalgia types and matched healthy controls: a cross-sectional analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9907770/

  A risk of falls and a decrease in physical activity may appear secondarily to foot pain, and these may promote a reduction in the quality of life (QoL). […] We hypothesized that increasing degrees of severity of metatarsalgia will decrease the QoL of patients who suffer from this condition. […] The aim of this study was to compare the impacts of various degrees of metatarsalgia on quality of life relating to foot health, in a sample of patients with metatarsalgia and in healthy control subjects. […] The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of different degrees of metatarsalgia on health-related QoL in a sample of patients with such conditions, compared with a healthy control group. […] The results from the present study confirmed that subjects with metatarsalgia presented lower scores in all dimensions relating to footwear, general foot health, foot pain, foot function, vigor, physical activity, social capacity and general health, in comparison with the healthy control group.

• #2 Metatarsalgia | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116380/all/Metatarsalgia

  Metatarsalgia is defined as pain in the forefoot under one or more metatarsal heads. […] The overall incidence in the general population is 536%; especially common in athletes engaging in high-impact sports (running, jumping, dancing), in rock climbers (12.5%), and in older active adults; most common in women aged 3 to 60 years. […] Common.

• #3 All About Metatarsalgia – The Center for Morton’s Neuroma

  https://www.mortonsneuroma.com/blog/all-about-metatarsalgia/

  Metatarsalgia (also referred to as the stone bruise) is a leading cause of forefoot pain, especially ball of the foot pain and is frequently reported in athletes. It is characterized by inflammation of the metatarsal heads. Metatarsalgia can affect both males and females. According to some estimates, 1 of every 10 individuals develop metatarsalgia at some point in their life. […] Certain triggers or risk factors can influence your risk of developing metatarsalgia. Some statistically significant risk factors include: Squeezing the metatarsal heads over one another which may damage the nerves and lead to pain and inflammation. This occurs in: Shoes with tight toe boxes; High heeled shoes; Ill-fitting shoes; Dancers, snow skiers, football players; and, Athletes whose feet can swell during the day with constant activity.

• #3 All About Metatarsalgia – The Center for Morton’s Neuroma

  https://www.mortonsneuroma.com/blog/all-about-metatarsalgia/

  The diagnosis of metatarsalgia is usually made on the history and clinical investigation/ examination by an experienced clinician. Clinical diagnosis is usually made by a combination of signs and symptoms and exclusion. You doctor should ask about your history of other musculoskeletal conditions/ ailments, your lifestyle, occupation and hobbies, and most importantly, the characteristics and associated symptoms of the pain. […] Metatarsalgia is often confused with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Gout due to similar symptoms and presentation. Even more confusing is the fact that Inflammatory conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis or Gout can aggravate the risk of Metatarsalgia and vice versa.

• #4 Description of total population hospital admissions for Morton’s metatarsalgia in Australia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25275732/

  Morton’s metatarsalgia admissions were almost three-fold higher for women in the population compared to men. […] The rate of admissions for Morton’s metatarsalgia was the highest for the total population in the 55- to 59-year-old age group. […] Population-level information on admissions for Morton’s metatarsalgia show that admissions were three times higher among women compared to men. The highest admission rate was in the 50- to 55-year-old age group.

• #5 Morton neuroma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/morton-neuroma-1?lang=us

  Morton neuromas most often occur in middle-aged individuals and are many times more common in women than men. Approximately 30% of asymptomatic middle-aged persons have radiologic findings of a Morton neuroma. […] The term neuroma is a misnomer because the abnormality is non-neoplastic and does not represent a true neuroma. It may more correctly be known as Morton metatarsalgia.

• #6 Freiberg disease | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/freiberg-disease?lang=us

  Freiberg disease is most common in adolescent athletic females (M:F = 1:5) and young women. It is the fourth most common osteochondrosis and is the only osteochondrosis more common in females. […] Freiberg disease, also known as Freiberg infraction, is osteochondrosis of the metatarsal heads.

• #7 Epidemiology of metatarsal fractures in Shropshire 2021-2024 (2024) – Staff Publications Hub

  https://www.library.sath.nhs.uk/research/2024/05/16/epidemiology-of-metatarsal-fractures-in-shropshire-2021-2024-2024/

  Metatarsal fractures are common and disabling fractures, frequently triggered by low-energy injuries, or less often by repetitive loading. […] Despite their clinical and economic importance, the epidemiology of metatarsal fractures remains poorly understood. […] 1121 (758 female) patient-episodes of metatarsal fracture were identified, comprising 312, 397 and 412 individuals in years 1-3 respectively. […] Estimated annual fracture rates per 100,000, increased from 105 among women aged 18-29 years to 153 aged 50-59 years, with a second peak of 142 aged 80-89 years. […] Our estimates of age- and sex-specific fracture rates suggest pronounced sex differences in metatarsal fracture rates with age, which requires further study and linkage to known risk factors and relevant medication exposure.

• #8 Metatarsalgia: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/85864-overview

  Athletes who participate in high-impact sports that involve the lower extremities commonly present with forefoot injuries, including metatarsalgia. […] Athletes, especially those who are middle-aged women, may experience a gradual onset of pain that is associated with improper footwear, a change in running terrain, or a rapid increase in training intensity.

• #9 Managing metatarsalgia in athletic populations | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/managing-metatarsalgia-in-athletic-populations

  Metatarsalgia is a common foot disorder. The term metatarsalgia refers to a pain syndrome in the forefoot and not to a specific diagnosis. Pain is confined to the area across the plantar forefoot, including the second through fourth metatarsal heads. […] Many different diagnoses have been identified as the cause of the painful forefoot. […] Metatarsalgia may be associated with a tight Achilles tendon (equinus), cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological diseases. […] Circulatory or metabolic disorders may also be associated with metatarsalgia. […] Cavus foot and pes planus foot types have both been associated with metatarsalgia. […] Metatarsalgia is common in sports, including rock climbing, running, and cycling. […] In particular, pain associated with metatarsal stress fracture has plagued military personnel throughout history but has now become more common in the civilian population with the increasing popularity of recreational long-distance running, aerobics, and jumping sports. […] Metatarsal stress fractures and metatarsalgia also are fairly common among competitive athletes, especially runners. […] Cycling is associated with metatarsalgia.

• #10 METATARSALGIA | Sports Medicine Today

  https://www.sportsmedtoday.com/metatarsalgia-va-135.htm

  Metatarsalgia is a nonspecific term that refers to pain over the balls of ones feet. High-level dancers, track-and-field athletes, and baseball catchers are commonly affected, due to the repetitive bursts of impact or quick transfers of force to the forefoot, which can lead to overloading the metatarsals. […] Predisposing factors may include claw toes or hammer toes (curled or bent deformity of the joints), abnormal metatarsal bone shape or length, toe flexor muscle weakness, overpronation, tight Achilles tendons, and increased joint mobility of the first toe. […] The diagnosis begins with a thorough exam and history by the physician. Imaging may be obtained to rule out stress fractures of the metatarsals, which are also commonly encountered in this athletic group; this usually starts with x-rays, but may lead to a bone scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

• #10 METATARSALGIA | Sports Medicine Today

  https://www.sportsmedtoday.com/metatarsalgia-va-135.htm

  Treatment typically starts with rest, ice, and a course of NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen or naproxen). Metatarsal pads or orthotic inserts can also be helpful. […] Failure to address underlying mechanical problems can lead to continued pain as well as chronic foot problems, including arthritis, toe deformities, and joint instability. […] The athlete may return to the sport once symptoms subside and can perform without being hindered by pain, often within days to weeks.

• #11

  https://www.kevinrootmedical.com/pages/metatarsalgia

  Metatarsalgia is a broad diagnosis for a condition that describes pain around the head of the metatarsals, metatarsophalangeal joints and neighboring soft-tissue. Forces from physical activity applied on the forefoot can cause metatarsalgia. Most cases, around 90%, of metatarsalgia are biomechanically driven. […] There are three types of metatarsalgia: […] Primary Metatarsalgia: This type of metatarsalgia is caused by the anatomical relationships of the metatarsals to each other. In this case, as an example, having a pathological condition in the first metatarsal can cause metatarsalgia in the second metatarsal due to altered biomechanics. […] Secondary Metatarsalgia: This type of metatarsalgia is caused by indirect mechanics. This type of metatarsalgia is driven by autoimmune disorders, neurological disorders and conditions like gout.

• #11

  https://www.kevinrootmedical.com/pages/metatarsalgia

  Iatrogenic Metatarsalgia: This type of metatarsalgia is caused by surgical correction for other pathologies that altered the biomechanics in the foot and caused metatarsalgia. […] To diagnose a patient with metatarsalgia, the clinician will need to observe the past medical history of the patient and also perform a biomechanical examination of the patient. A gait analysis is likely to be needed to correct pathological biomechanics. X-ray and other imaging studies may also be ordered. […] Treatment is usually conservative and begins with the RICE protocol. Stretching is useful to correct posture and release tightness in the gastrocnemius. Wearing modified shoes with additional padding and orthotics can also be ordered to help minimize the forces experienced in the area and to correct any pathological gait. […] Different kinds of surgery options are available depending on the cause of the metatarsalgia to lengthen the gastrocnemius, repair the plantar plate or perform a tendon transfer. Osteotomies may also be performed if necessary.

• #12 Metatarsalgia Treatment | Henderson NV | Las Vegas NV

  https://feetmd.com/foot-ankle-conditions/lesser-toe-problems/metatarsalgia/

  Metatarsalgia is characterized by pain in the forefoot. The term literally means pain on the metatarsal (there are 5 metatarsal bones in the forefoot). Metatarsalgia is not a true diagnosis but rather it is a symptom. Patients with metatarsalgia present with pain in their forefoot, usually in the “ball” of the foot. The pain is often described as aching and it is typically aggravated by standing and walking. In general metatarsalgia is caused by repetitive overloading of the forefoot leading to chronic localized tissue injury. Often the most symptomatic area is at the base of the 2nd or 3rd toe. Factors that may predispose to the development of metatarsalgia include: a bunion deformity, arthritis of the great toe, ligament instability of the midfoot, an excessively tight calf muscle, a congenital foot deformity, and claw toe deformities.

• #12 Metatarsalgia Treatment | Henderson NV | Las Vegas NV

  https://feetmd.com/foot-ankle-conditions/lesser-toe-problems/metatarsalgia/

  Note: Many patients and physicians misdiagnose a Morton’s neuroma for other forms of metatarsagia. While Morton’s neuroma is a cause of metatarsalgia, neuritis (nerve inflammation) secondary to the chronic repetitive joint injury is far more common. In this situation removing the Morton’s nerve may lead to incomplete and temporary pain relief.

• #13

  https://tohealthyfeet.com/blog/Pain+In+the+Ball+Of+Your+Foot+It039s+Probably+Morton039s+Neuroma+or+Metatarsalgia/44

  Metatarsalgia is a condition that is characterized by inflammation and soreness in the metatarsal bones, or the bones that connect your toes to the rest of your foot. This can result in pain and inflammation in the ball of your foot, pain at the base of your toes, and pain that increases when you walk or move. There are many possible causes of the condition, such as: […] While they are both characterized by similar ball-of-the-foot pains, the other symptoms of these two conditions differ significantly. […] Mortons Neuroma is commonly brought on as a result of improper fitting shoes or the stress of wearing high heels for an extended period of time. […] While you can try to diagnose your foot problem at home, it is highly recommended that you visit an NYC podiatrist to inspect your ailment and determine, with accuracy, what the issue is. At To Healthy Feet Podiatry, our team of foot doctors can advise and administer treatments for your Morton’s Neuroma and Metatarsalgia.

• #14 Metatarsalgia – ICB Medical

  https://www.icbmedical.com/metatarsalgia/

  Metatarsalgia is a common condition that can be treated simply and effectively. If left untreated it can be debilitating to sufferers. […] If left untreated, metatarsalgia can lead to the development of Mortons Neuroma. […] Metatarsalgia is most commonly characterized by a burning pain in the ball of the foot. […] As most patients exhibiting symptoms of Metatarsalgia generally pronate excessively, orthotics with a metatarsal dome added to the dorsal surface should be prescribed to realign the subtalar joint to the neutral position, which reduces the plantarflexion and rotation of the metatarsals. […] Sometimes additional treatment methods can be used in conjunction with ICB Orthotic therapy to ensure long term treatment success.

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00402-022-04396-3

  Although metatarsal fractures are common, the significance of previous epidemiologic studies is limited to specific fracture entities, subpopulations, or heterogeneous fracture aetiologies. […] Metatarsal fractures belong to the ten most common fractures with a prevalence of 3.26.8% of all fractures with an annual incidence of 6775.4/100.000 per year. […] Despite their frequency, epidemiological data on metatarsal fractures are rare, as most recent literature focusses on treatment recommendations, especially for the base of the fifth metatarsal and lacks epidemiological data. […] The significance of previous epidemiological studies on metatarsal fractures is limited as they either focused on specific entities (fractures to the base of the fifth metatarsal or dancers fractures), evaluated subpopulations only (elderly Caucasian women or children), or included heterogeneous fracture aetiologies (including concomitant injuries/stress fractures).

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00402-022-04396-3

  Future epidemiological studies should incorporate not only a plane description of fracture frequency but also possible differences between different fracture etiologies and patterns. […] The major limitation of this study is its descriptive design. […] The detailed epidemiological analysis of metatarsal fractures does not only have an academic purpose but does have considerable implications for future studies. […] Future studies should investigate a possible correlation between multiple isolated metatarsal fractures and osteoporosis.

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