Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prevention and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/prevention-and-treatment-of-cardiomyopathy

  Cardiomyopathy can be acquired when it develops due to other diseases or conditions or it may be inherited. The cause is not always known. Prevention is taking steps to lower your risk for conditions that may lead to (or complicate) cardiomyopathy, such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure and heart attack. […] Treating that initial problem early may help prevent the complications presented by cardiomyopathy. For example, to control high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and diabetes: […] Get regular checkups with your health care professional. […] Follow your health care professional’s advice about lifestyle changes. […] Take all your medications exactly as prescribed.

• #2 About Cardiomyopathy | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/cardiomyopathy.html

  Cardiomyopathy can be acquireddeveloped because of another disease, condition, or factoror inherited. The cause isn’t always known. […] If there is a family history of this, other family members can be tested and adjust their activities to reduce the risk of sudden death. […] Treatment may include medications, changes to physical activity, or surgery. […] In many cases, early detection and intervention can help to improve outcomes for children. […] The goal of treatment is to slow down the disease, control symptoms, and prevent sudden death. If you are diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, your doctor may tell you to change your diet and physical activity, reduce stress, avoid alcohol and other drugs, and take medicines. […] Adopting or following a healthier lifestyle can help control symptoms and complications. If you have an underlying disease or condition that can cause cardiomyopathy, early treatment of that condition can help prevent the disease from developing.

• #3 Cardiomyopathy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709

  Inherited types of cardiomyopathy can’t be prevented. Let your healthcare professional know if you have a family history of the condition. […] You can help lower the risk of acquired types of cardiomyopathy, which are caused by other conditions. Take steps to lead a heart-healthy lifestyle, including: Stay away from alcohol or illegal drugs such as cocaine. Control any other conditions you have, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes. Eat a healthy diet. Get regular exercise. Get enough sleep. Lower your stress. […] These healthy habits also can help people with inherited cardiomyopathy control their symptoms.

• #4 Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16841-cardiomyopathy

  You can take action to reduce your risk of conditions that could lead to cardiomyopathy. […] Some of these actions include: Managing your blood pressure. Keeping your cholesterol within healthy ranges. Getting regular exercise. Avoiding tobacco products, alcohol and cocaine. Managing underlying conditions such as sleep apnea or diabetes. Scheduling regular checkups with a healthcare provider. Taking all medications as prescribed. […] You cant prevent congenital (inherited) types of cardiomyopathy, but you can let relatives know that you have cardiomyopathy. Your relatives can talk to their providers to see if theyre at risk for it or have it. Early diagnosis helps people make a plan for managing cardiomyopathy.

• #5 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  Cardiomyopathy involves a multifaceted approach to prevention. […] Lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, reduction in alcohol consumption, smoking and stress level, weight management, and regular exercise programmes, are essential components of adherence to self-care. […] Genetic or inherited types of cardiomyopathies are very difficult to prevent but, changes or adopting in lifestyle, including daily moderate exercise, and diet modifications play significant and measurable roles that prevent the development and even progression of cardiomyopathy and they may even cure the disease. […] The susceptible patient must focus on a nutritious diet low in sodium, fats, and carbohydrates, but high in fruits, fibers, vegetables, and whole grains, foods which are rich in oxidants to manage blood pressure and weight.

• #6 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  Regular physical activity, as recommended by the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, plays a vital role, with a suggestion of at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly to maintain cardiovascular health. […] Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight range is crucial as is ensuring adequate sleep and reducing stress. […] Abstinence from alcohol and tobacco is also advised to minimize cardiac stress. […] Together, these proposed cost-effective interventions can lead to longevity and a better quality of life.

• #7 Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms, Types, Treatment, and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/cardiomyopathy

  Medical treatment and follow-up care are important. They can help prevent heart failure or heart damage. […] If cardiomyopathy runs in your family, you may not be able to completely prevent it. But, you can take steps to keep your heart healthy and minimize the impact of this condition. […] The steps you can take to help lower your risk of cardiomyopathy include: Getting regular exercise. Try to limit how much you sit each day, and focus on getting at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week. […] Eating a heart-healthy diet. Try to limit your intake of sugary, fried, fatty, and processed foods. Focus instead on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, nuts, seeds, and low fat dairy. Also limit your intake of salt (sodium), which can raise your risk of high blood pressure. […] Managing underlying health conditions. Work closely with your doctor to control and manage any underlying health conditions that may raise your risk of cardiomyopathy.

• #8 Lifestyle Changes for Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/cardiomyopathy-heart-failure/treatments/lifestyle-changes-for-cardiomyopathy-heart-failure

  Making diet and exercise changes may help ease symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. […] Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and choosing lean meats and fish can help improve your heart health. […] Daily light exercise is safe for most people with cardiomyopathy and heart failure and can help them to manage symptoms. […] It is important to consult your physician before starting any exercise program. […] Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can worsen symptoms of heart failure, so its important to achieve or maintain a healthy blood pressure. […] Our doctors recommend that people with heart failure monitor any changes in weight by keeping a daily record. […] Obesity increases your risk for cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

• #9 Lifestyle Changes for Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/cardiomyopathy-heart-failure/treatments/lifestyle-changes-for-cardiomyopathy-heart-failure

  If you have diabetes, youre at higher risk of developing some heart conditions. […] Smoking and other forms of tobacco use have a negative effect on the entire body, including the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. […] Drinking alcohol can raise blood pressure and contribute to obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors for heart failure. […] Excessive stress can make it difficult to adhere to healthy lifestyle recommendations, such as making time to prepare healthy meals and exercise. […] Some over-the-counter cough and cold medications contain stimulants, which may trigger an arrhythmiaa rapid and erratic heartbeat sometimes associated with cardiomyopathy. […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, may worsen heart failure.

• #10 Cardiovascular disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

  Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable if established risk factors are avoided. […] Currently practised measures to prevent cardiovascular disease include: Maintaining a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, a vegetarian, vegan or another plant-based diet. […] Replacing saturated fat with healthier choices: Clinical trials show that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated vegetable oil reduced CVD by 30%. […] Decrease body fat if overweight or obese. […] Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits. […] Stopping smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoke. […] At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate exercise per week. […] Lower blood pressure, if elevated. A 10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure reduces risk by about 20%. […] Not enough sleep also raises the risk of high blood pressure. Adults need about 7-9 hours of sleep. Sleep apnea is also a major risk as it causes breathing to stop briefly, which can put stress on the body which can raise the risk of heart disease.

• #11 Heart Disease Prevention & Resources – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/prairie-du-chien/services-and-treatments/cardiology/prevention

  Certain types of heart disease, such as heart defects, can’t be prevented. However, you can prevent many other types of heart disease by making lifestyle changes, learn about them below. […] A healthy diet can protect your heart, improve your blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce your risk of Type 2 diabetes. […] A lack of sleep can do more than leave you yawning. It can harm your health. People who don’t get enough sleep have a higher risk of obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes and depression. […] High blood pressure and high cholesterol can damage your heart and blood vessels. But without testing, you probably won’t know whether you have these conditions. Regular screening can tell you what your numbers are and whether you need to take action. […] Being overweight, especially around your middle, increases your risk of heart disease. Excess weight can lead to conditions that increase your chances of developing heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and Type 2 diabetes.

• #12 Heart Disease Prevention & Resources – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/prairie-du-chien/services-and-treatments/cardiology/prevention

  Some people cope with stress in unhealthy ways, such as overeating, drinking or smoking. Finding alternative ways to manage stress, such as physical activity, relaxation exercises or meditation, can improve your health. […] Daily physical activity can lower your risk of heart disease. Physical activity helps you control your weight and reduces your chances of developing other conditions that may strain your heart, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and Type 2 diabetes. […] One of the best things you can do for your heart is to stop smoking or using smokeless tobacco. Even if you’re not a smoker, avoid secondhand smoke.

• #13 Heart Risk & prevention | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart-disease/risk-and-prevention

  Prevention is key. […] Almost 80% of premature heart disease and stroke can be prevented through healthy behaviours. […] Develop habits that will reduce your risk. […] Eating lots of veggies, cooking at home, limiting processed foods…these are all habits that protect your health. […] Move more. Walk, rake leaves, play a sport. Find ways to be active in your daily life. […] Know your stressors and get expert strategies to manage them effectively. […] Learn the lifelong habits to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.

• #14 Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6977564/

  The first step in preventing chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is to recommend that patients reduce their cardiovascular risk, ie, control blood pressure, lower cholesterol, maintain a healthy blood glucose level, consume a healthy diet, and stop smoking. […] Dexrazoxane is the only cardioprotective agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. […] The use of cardiovascular drugs such as beta-blockers, ACEIs, and angiotensin receptor blockers to prevent cardiotoxicity is controversial and based on a limited number of clinical trials. […] The recent PRADA (Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy) Trial evaluated cardioprotection using metoprolol and candesartan in 130 breast cancer patients undergoing contemporary doses of anthracyclines.

• #15 Heart Failure Prevention | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/heart-failure-prevention/

  Therefore, it is plausible to hypothesize that hypertensive cardiomyopathy is a preventable disease, at least in its early stages. […] In patients with left ventricular remodeling, controlling blood pressure could halt or reverse this cardiomyopathic process. […] In large-scale randomized prevention trials, antihypertensive therapy produced as much as a 50 % relative risk reduction in the incidence of heart failure. […] It is further suggested that lowering blood pressure using calcium channel blockers is as effective in preventing new-onset heart failure as other antihypertensives. […] From the earliest stages, a treatment strategy that decreased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia would prevent the progression of the cardiomyopathy. […] Treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy is total and permanent abstinence from alcohol consumption.

• #16 Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6977564/

  It is believed that patients who develop increased troponin during chemotherapy treatment have a higher risk of developing cardiotoxicity. […] Another study proposed testing enalapril with two strategies—enalapril started in all patients before chemotherapy, and enalapril started only in patients with an increase in troponin during or after chemotherapy—and concluded that enalapril did not impact troponin levels in either strategy. […] Statins are thought to have antioxidative and pleiotropic properties in addition to their inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, which led to testing of its potential role in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

• #17 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20350198

  There is no known way to prevent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It’s important to find the condition with tests as early as possible to guide treatment and prevent complications. […] If you have a parent, brother, sister or child with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ask your healthcare team if genetic screening is right for you. […] Echocardiogram screenings are recommended starting at about age 12. […] Screening with echocardiograms should continue every 1 to 3 years through ages 18 to 21. […] After that, the screenings can be done every five years through adulthood.

• #18 About Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Heart Disease, Family Health History, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-family-history/about/about-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-and-family-health-history-of-sudden-death.html

  If you have a family member who died suddenly before age 40, let your healthcare provider know. […] You might need to be screened for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic condition that causes the heart muscle to become thick and can lead to sudden death. […] Finding HCM early can lead to better health outcomes. […] HCM sometimes runs in families. In such cases, a child of an affected parent has a 50% (1 in 2) chance of having HCM. […] Other family members also have an increased chance of having HCM. […] Importantly, the age at which other family members develop HCM can vary within families. […] Include information on family members who died suddenly, especially if they were younger than age 40. […] Include information on family members with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, stroke, heart attack, heart transplant, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or pacemaker.

• #19 About Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Heart Disease, Family Health History, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-family-history/about/about-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-and-family-health-history-of-sudden-death.html

  Update information regularly, and let your healthcare provider know about any new diagnoses, cardiac events, or sudden deaths in your family. […] If you or your child has HCM, the healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring: Adults need to see a cardiologist (heart healthcare provider) every 3-5 years to look for changes in the heart using echocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ECG), and checking for symptoms of HCM. […] For children and teens, the interval is every 1-3 years. […] Currently, no medicines have been proven to prevent HCM or lower the chances of dying. […] However, a variety of medicines can be used to treat symptoms of HCM. […] While these steps cannot prevent HCM, they can help keep your heart as healthy as possible and decrease your likelihood of developing complications.

• #20 Pan Cardiomyopathy Panel Test – PreventionGenetics

  https://www.preventiongenetics.com/testInfo?val=Pan-Cardiomyopathy-Panel

  Patients with symptoms and medical history suggestive of cardiomyopathy disorders. […] Cardiomyopathies include a broad range of disorders, including Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, and Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy. Pan cardiomyopathy panel testing could help with differential diagnosis and prognostic stratification for patients with cardiomyopathies (Charron et al. 2010). […] Genetic causes could contribute significantly in 60% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cases, and 30-50% of Dilated Cardiomyopathy cases (Teekakirikul et al. 2013). […] The sensitivity of this panel varies based on the type of disease. This test is predicted to detect causative variants in ~60% of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy patients (Morita et al. 2008; Hershberger et al. 2009), up to 30% of adults with Left Ventricular Noncompaction […] 30-40% of patients with familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Hershberger and Morales 2013), and ~73% of patients with autosomal dominant or sporadic Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (McNally et al. 2014; Bhuiyan et al. 2009).

• #21 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Prevention: Diet Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/diet-reduce-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-risk

  If you have a family member with HCM, its important to have regular screening for the condition. When diagnosed early, treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent long-term effects. […] Along with routine screening, following a heart-healthy lifestyle is recommended for people at risk of HCM. That includes things like: staying active, maintaining a moderate weight, managing stress, getting enough sleep. […] If you have a family history of HCM, regular screening to monitor for HCM is important. Its also recommended to follow a heart-healthy diet. Heart-healthy eating can help manage cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure. These are all other risk factors for heart disease. […] A dietary pattern rich in beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, and olive oil is associated with lower rates of heart disease.

• #22 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/

  There is no known way to prevent HCM. […] Experts recommend children with a family history of HCM to begin screening with an echocardiogram starting around age 12. Screening should be done every one to three years until age 21; after that, screenings can be done every five years. […] Visit a cardiologist regularly, even if you don’t have any HCM symptoms. This is the best way to preserve your long-term heart health.

• #23 Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6977564/

  Recent decades have seen an increase in survival rates for cancer patients, partially explained by earlier diagnoses and new chemotherapeutic agents. […] However, chemotherapy may be associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. […] Prevention of cardiomyopathy and other types of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity involves approaches that minimize exposure of the drug and therefore its potential cardiotoxic effects and initiating cardioprotective drugs to decrease cardiovascular injury. […] The majority of published research in prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity focuses on anthracyclines and HER2 inhibitors. […] Prevention of cardiotoxicity should begin before cancer treatment is initiated, with the cardiologist and oncologist evaluating the patient for cardiovascular risk and, based on results, determining the best treatment approach.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11897-017-0353-9

  Cardiomyopathy is a significant complication of various cancer treatments and has been best studied in patients receiving anthracyclines and trastuzumab. This paper evaluates strategies to prevent chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. […] Increasing cumulative anthracycline dose, use of 2 cardiotoxic therapies, extremes of age, and pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors, or established cardiovascular disease, heighten the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. Continuous rather than bolus anthracycline infusions, liposomal doxorubicin, or concomitant dexrazoxane reduces chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with neurohormonal antagonists or statins and exercise training during chemotherapy are promising, but as yet unproven, cardioprotective strategies. […] Identification of high-risk patients and optimization of their underlying cardiovascular risk factors/disease are essential to prevent cardiotoxicity. In patients requiring high-dose anthracyclines, continuous infusions, liposomal doxorubicin, or dexrazoxane should be considered to mitigate cardiotoxicity. Current data do not support the routine use of neurohormonal antagonists or statins as cardioprotective agents in patients treated with cardiotoxic chemotherapies.

• #25 Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: risk prediction, prevention and treatment | Nature Reviews Cardiology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-025-01126-1

  Anthracycline cardiotoxicity is a complex phenomenon that evolves over time, involving not only cardiomyocytes but also other components of myocardial tissue. […] A complete and accurate risk stratification before the initiation of anthracycline therapy, including risk scores, echocardiographic evaluation and cardiac biomarkers, is essential to define the subsequent surveillance and treatment protocol. […] A multidisciplinary approach actively involving the oncologist and cardiologist is essential to plan a patients therapeutic and preventive choices. […] Although the treatment options for patients who develop heart failure after anthracycline therapy are well defined, the appropriate treatment approaches for primary and secondary prevention in patients who develop subclinical cardiotoxicity are uncertain.

• #26 Cardiomyopathy Prevention in Cancer Patients – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31587785/

  Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and overt heart failure are well known manifestations of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. […] Several interventions have been identified to prevent cancer-induced cardiomyopathy. […] Prevention strategies with limiting cumulative dose, continuous infusion, dexrazoxane, and liposomal formulation have been shown to decrease the risk of cardiotoxicity.

• #27 Heart Failure Prevention | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/heart-failure-prevention/

  The prognosis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy varies depending on the presence and extent of continued alcohol use. […] With all this evidence, several groups of investigators have supported efforts to prevent the occurrence of advanced cardiomyopathy, rather than treatment of end-stage disease. […] Currently, dose modulation is the single most important strategy to prevent cardiomyopathy in patients undergoing chemotherapy. […] Prophylaxis with an ACEI, BB, or dexrazoxane was found to be beneficial in improving the primary outcome which was primarily heart failure and ejection fraction decline.

• #28

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11936-008-0041-x

  Chemotherapy (CT)-induced cardiotoxicity remains an unresolved problem that strongly affects the quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients. Preventing cardiotoxicity remains the most important strategy, and several measures have been proposed, including cardiac function monitoring, limitation of CT dose, use of anthracycline analogues and cardioprotectants, and early detection of cardiotoxicity by biomarkers. […] Although it is likely that medications used for other forms of CMP, particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and -blockers, may be highly effective, there is still some unjustified concern regarding their use in cancer patients. […] Jensen BV, Nielsen SL, Skovsgaard T: Treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor for epirubicin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Cardinale D, Colombo A, Sandri MT, et al.: Prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in high-risk patients by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.

• #29 ICD Therapy for Primary Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | AER Journal

  https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/icd-therapy-primary-prevention-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy?language_content_entity=en

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common and heterogeneous disorder that increases an individuals risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). […] The primary prevention of SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is the cornerstone of modern treatment for individuals at high risk of SCD. […] The advent of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has drastically changed our ability to prevent SCD. […] In the current era of ICD implantation there are many patients on antiarrhythmic therapy who still receive appropriate ICD discharges to terminate VT/VF. […] Current and previous guidelines have found that there is no evidence for the use of medical therapy alone in the prevention of SCD. […] The efficacy of ICD implantation specifically for the prevention of SCD in the HCM population was first studied in a group of 128 high-risk patients.

• #30 Differing strategies for sudden death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/109/8/589

  Sudden death (SD) has traditionally been the most visible and feared complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). […] Prevention of SD in HCM has resulted from introduction of primary prevention ICDs that reliably terminate life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, as well as a matured risk stratification algorithm capable of reliably identifying those patients at highest risk. […] The ICD has been a major determinant of reduction in the HCM-related mortality rate to 0.5%/year (10-fold lower than in the pre-ICD era), similar in all age groups including young patients generally considered to be at the highest risk. […] Notably, implementation of the major risk factor strategy with primary prevention ICDs over the last two decades has been a major determinant of the observed significant reduction in HCM-related mortality from as high as 6%/year in pre-ICD eras to the current low rate of 0.5%/year now reported from tertiary centres. […] All high-risk HCM patients deserve access to the most effective management strategy for SD prevention.

• #31 ICD Therapy for Primary Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | AER Journal

  https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/icd-therapy-primary-prevention-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy?language_content_entity=en

  There is no doubt that the ICD is efficacious in preventing SCD. […] The current American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines from 2011 focus on the clinical factors that increase the risk of SCD. […] The guidelines recommend that all patients should undergo SCD risk stratification at their initial evaluation, as well as periodic re-evaluation to determine whether their risk of SCD has changed. […] The current ACCF/AHA guidelines on ICD implantation are an evolution of the shared ACCF and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines written in 2003. […] The current ACCF/AHA recommendations for ICD implantation are summarised below. […] ICD therapy should be recommended to individuals with a documented history of cardiac arrest, VF or haemodynamically-significant VT.

• #32 ICD Therapy for Primary Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | AER Journal

  https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/icd-therapy-primary-prevention-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy?language_content_entity=en

  ICD implantation is considered reasonable when patients have any of the following established risk markers: sudden death in one or more first-degree relatives; maximal LV wall thickness 30 mm; or a recent and unexplained syncopal event. […] The fully subcutaneous ICD provides the benefits of preventing SCD with a completely extracardiac system. […] The totality of evidence suggests that an S-ICD may be the optimal option in many patients with HCM, especially in young patients who should not be subjected to the risk of transvenous lead failure if it can be avoided.

• #33 Natriuretic Peptide-based Screening and Prevention of Heart Failure | CFR Journal

  https://www.cfrjournal.com/articles/natriuretic-peptide-based-screening-and-prevention-heart-failure?language_content_entity=en

  There is increasing interest in the concept of personalised medicine, whereby conditions with common pathophysiologies are targeted together, and also using biomarkers to identify patients who will most benefit from certain interventions. […] Several data sets indicate that natriuretic peptides are effective in refining risk prediction for heart failure and cardiovascular disease and add predictive power to conventional risk factors. […] These have shown natriuretic peptide-based screening and targeted prevention can reduce heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction and other major cardiovascular events. […] In particular, natriuretic peptides (NPs), which were originally used for the diagnosis of heart failure, are now finding a role in identifying those most at risk of heart failure and other cardiovascular (CV) disorders.

• #34 Natriuretic Peptide-based Screening and Prevention of Heart Failure | CFR Journal

  https://www.cfrjournal.com/articles/natriuretic-peptide-based-screening-and-prevention-heart-failure?language_content_entity=en

  Two trials have tested the approach of using NPs as part of a strategy to identify those at highest risk of CV events and targeting treatment to these groups in order to prevent heart failure and other CV disorders. […] Both the STOP-HF and PONTIAC randomised clinical trials are included in the 2014 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Management Guidelines as a recommendation for the use of NPs in at-risk individuals. […] The guideline suggests for individuals with risk factors for the development of heart failure, NP levels be used to implement strategies to prevent heart failure. […] In the guideline it is recommended an increased level of NP of BNP 100 pg/ml and NT-proBNP 300 pg/ml be used to avoid overscreening. […] In more recent guidelines from the US it is recommended for patients at risk of developing heart failure, NP biomarker-based screening followed by team-based care, including a CV specialist optimising guideline-directed medical therapy, can be useful to prevent the development of left ventricular dysfunction (systolic or diastolic) or new-onset heart failure. […] The use of NPs to identify individuals who would most benefit from heart failure prevention strategies holds great promise.

• #35 Can deep learning transform heart failure prevention? | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  https://news.mit.edu/2025/can-deep-learning-transform-heart-failure-prevention-0210

  Researchers from MIT and Harvard Medical School recently published an open-access paper in Nature Communications Medicine, introducing a noninvasive deep learning approach that analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to accurately predict a patients risk of developing heart failure. […] The goal of this work is to identify those who are starting to get sick even before they have symptoms so that you can intervene early enough to prevent hospitalization. […] This work is important because it offers a noninvasive approach to estimating this essential clinical parameter using a widely available cardiac monitor. […] A noninvasive and quantitative method can help in optimizing treatment strategies in patients at home or in hospital, Aguirre says. […] In my view, the real promise of AI in health care is to provide equitable, state-of-the-art care to everyone, regardless of their socioeconomic status, background, and where they live, Stultz says. This work is one step towards realizing this goal.

• #36 Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/shaping-the-future-of-cardiac-wellness-exploring-revolutionary-approaches-in-disease-management-and-prevention

  Prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is essential to reduce the global burden of these diseases. CVDs are largely preventable through lifestyle modifications, such as healthy diet, regular physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. […] Innovative approaches are being explored for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These approaches include genetic testing and risk stratification, targeted prevention strategies, and the use of mobile health technology. Emerging therapies and technologies such as gene therapy, nanotechnology, and immunotherapy are also being studied. Advances in precision medicine, personalized treatment, and the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment offer new opportunities for individualized treatment plans and improved patient outcomes.

• #37 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center

  https://www.massgeneral.org/heart-center/treatments-and-services/cardiovascular-disease-prevention

  The Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital Corrigan Minehan Heart Center provides a unique, prevention-as-treatment approach for patients who have heart disease or who are at risk for developing heart disease. […] Our specialists aim to: […] Prevent cardiovascular disease among men and women without symptoms, but whose family history, physical condition and other factors place them at higher risk for developing coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or diabetes mellitus type 2 (primary prevention). […] Educate patients on how to best prevent heart disease from developing or worsening. […] Specialists within the Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center at Mass General work with encourage patients to make lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of developing heart disease or prevent existing conditions from becoming worse.

• #38 Heart Disease Prevention Programs NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/prevention/programs

  At Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, we believe in keep heart problems from happening in the first place. To that end, we have established a number of prevention programs, in New York, around the country, and around the world. We offer both diagnostic activities as well as ones to help you make important lifestyle changes. […] The Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program is designed for people at risk of heart disease, who display evidence of heart disease, or who have already experienced a cardiac event such as heart attack or stroke. Because the majority of people with heart disease do not realize they have it, the program is open to anyone interested. Program features include behavioral risk assessment, medical risk assessment, lifestyle modifications, and development of a comprehensive, personalized treatment plan.

• #39 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center

  https://www.massgeneral.org/heart-center/treatments-and-services/cardiovascular-disease-prevention

  The Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center is committed to supporting and educating patients on ways to improve their cardiovascular health. The center provides strategies and classes on a variety of approaches, including: […] Nutrition counseling […] Smoking cessation […] Weight management.

• #40 Heart Disease Prevention Programs NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/prevention/programs

  In addition to these diagnostic programs, we also sponsor several programs to promote heart-healthy living and prevent cardiovascular disease. These programs include: […] Go Red for Women is our annual celebration of American Heart Month in February. Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital hosts a number of community heart health fairs with free screening and educational demonstrations for nutrition and diet, diabetes, stress management, smoking cessation, yoga, and other relaxation techniques. We work together with the American Heart Association on this project.

• #41 Cardiomyopathy Causes & Prevention in Orange County

  https://www.hoag.org/specialties-services/heart-vascular/specialty-programs/heart-failure-program/conditions/cardiomyopathy/

  Damage due to cardiomyopathy usually cannot be cured. But in many cases, proper treatment can slow or stop the progression of the disease, preserving heart function and greatly lessening complications and symptoms. […] Are There Any Ways to Reduce My Risk of Developing Cardiomyopathy? […] However, there are a few steps you can take to prevent yourself from developing the disease due to an acquired condition. These may include: Take the steps necessary to control blood pressure, cholesterol level and diabetes, Eat a healthy diet and engage in regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight, Manage your stress levels, Get regular checkups and take any prescribed medications exactly as directed by your physician, Don’t abuse alcohol or illicit drugs.

• #42 Causes and Prevention of Heart Disease | Go Red for Women

  https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/causes-and-prevention-of-heart-disease

  Many things can put you at risk – some you can control, and others you can’t. But the key takeaway is that with the right information, education and care, cardiovascular disease in women can be treated, prevented and even ended. […] In fact, the majority of cardiovascular events can be prevented through education and lifestyle changes. […] Life’s Essential 8 is your guide to improving and maintaining cardiovascular health. Here are the lifestyle changes you should make to live a longer, healthier life: Eat healthy, Stay active, Lose or manage your weight, Get healthy sleep, Manage your blood pressure, Manage your blood sugar, Lower your cholesterol, Don’t smoke. […] Knowing your family history is also a key step in prevention. Talk to your health care professional about your family medical history and any known risk factors. Don’t be afraid to ask questions about your health and your risk. The more you know about what caused health issues or even the death of family members can help you prevent the same thing from happening to you! […] Learn more about how you can prevent heart disease and stroke today.

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