Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) encompass a heterogeneous group of cardiac disorders affecting mainly many of the elderly populations globally. […] Cardiomyopathy contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an impact that extends from the individual patient to the broader healthcare system. […] In 2021, 2,268,240 cases were reported to develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common subtype of cardiomyopathy, especially in the USA, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, with the number increasing annually by 2%. […] Moreover, the burden of cardiac disorder on global health is substantial, with current epidemiological studies reporting its prevalence at approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States and over a quarter of a million in the United Kingdom, contributing to a worldwide prevalence estimated at 6 million for all subtypes of cardiomyopathy.

• #2 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary heart disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Its epidemiology has long been ignored due to lack of universal diagnostic criteria and studies on small samples, often limited to specific geographical areas. […] Recently, thanks to the first consensus on cardiomyopathies and the advent of the new imaging methods, further information on the epidemiology of this pathology have been identified. […] The epidemiology of this condition is quite complex, due to misdiagnosis, continuous reclassification and changing definitions. Furthermore, since investigations were performed on small populations in specific geographic areas and were not representative of the general population, epidemiological studies on DCM are affected by many limitations.

• #3 Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/cardiomyopathy/97961

  The wide range of cardiomyopathies span from rare to common and touch every segment of the population. Exact numbers aren’t certain, given how often the condition goes undiagnosed. […] „In the absence of contemporary, population-based epidemiological studies, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies have been derived from screening studies, most often of young adult populations, to assess cardiovascular risk or to detect the presence of disease in athletes or military recruits,” noted the authors of a recent review in Nature Reviews Cardiology. […] An estimated 1 in 500 adults may have some form of cardiomyopathy. […] The global estimates are likely conservative, however, the review added, „given that only individuals who fulfill diagnostic criteria would have been included. This caveat is highly relevant because a substantial minority or even a majority of individuals who carry disease-causing genetic variants and are at risk of disease complications have incomplete and/or late-onset disease expression.”

• #4 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) encompass a heterogeneous group of cardiac disorders affecting mainly many of the elderly populations globally. […] Cardiomyopathy contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an impact that extends from the individual patient to the broader healthcare system. […] In 2021, 2,268,240 cases were reported to develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common subtype of cardiomyopathy, especially in the USA, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, with the number increasing annually by 2%. […] Moreover, the burden of cardiac disorder on global health is substantial, with current epidemiological studies reporting its prevalence at approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States and over a quarter of a million in the United Kingdom, contributing to a worldwide prevalence estimated at 6 million for all subtypes of cardiomyopathy.

• #5 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  The actual incidence of cardiomyopathy is potentially higher than what is recorded, due to its asymptomatic progression in a subset of patients, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis. […] The epidemiological statistic is steadily increasing and to which cardiomyopathy is a significant contributor, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] These estimates suggest a global prevalence of 510 cases per million children under 18 years old, with potential peak incidences that occur in infants under 1 year and adolescents. […] Cardiomyopathy is a complex cardiac condition with a multifactorial etiology, involving a range of interconnected risk factors that contribute to its development. […] Risk factors are diverse, and they serve as essential resources for clinicians, researchers, and public health professionals seeking to mitigate the impact on the development of cardiomyopathy.

• #6 Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/cardiomyopathy/97961

  The wide range of cardiomyopathies span from rare to common and touch every segment of the population. Exact numbers aren’t certain, given how often the condition goes undiagnosed. […] „In the absence of contemporary, population-based epidemiological studies, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies have been derived from screening studies, most often of young adult populations, to assess cardiovascular risk or to detect the presence of disease in athletes or military recruits,” noted the authors of a recent review in Nature Reviews Cardiology. […] An estimated 1 in 500 adults may have some form of cardiomyopathy. […] The global estimates are likely conservative, however, the review added, „given that only individuals who fulfill diagnostic criteria would have been included. This caveat is highly relevant because a substantial minority or even a majority of individuals who carry disease-causing genetic variants and are at risk of disease complications have incomplete and/or late-onset disease expression.”

• #7 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) encompass a heterogeneous group of cardiac disorders affecting mainly many of the elderly populations globally. […] Cardiomyopathy contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an impact that extends from the individual patient to the broader healthcare system. […] In 2021, 2,268,240 cases were reported to develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common subtype of cardiomyopathy, especially in the USA, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, with the number increasing annually by 2%. […] Moreover, the burden of cardiac disorder on global health is substantial, with current epidemiological studies reporting its prevalence at approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States and over a quarter of a million in the United Kingdom, contributing to a worldwide prevalence estimated at 6 million for all subtypes of cardiomyopathy.

• #8 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Analysis and Forecast, 2021-2031 – Market Research Reports & Consulting | GlobalData UK Ltd.

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-analysis/

  In the 7MM, the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies was 2,268,240 cases in 2021. The market is expected to grow at an AGR of more than 2% during the forecast period. […] The two segments in the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies by etiology are acquired and familial. The most diagnosed cases of cardiomyopathies in the 7MM were acquired in 2021. […] The two key segments in the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies by ischemia are Ischemic and non-ischemic. In 2021, most diagnosed DCM cases in the 7MM were non-ischemic. […] The cardiomyopathies epidemiology report and model provide an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and global and historical trends for cardiomyopathies (DCM, HCM, RCM, and ARCM) in the seven major markets (7MM) (US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and Japan).

• #9 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Incidence and prevalence differ based on cause. The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized. The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized.

• #10 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Incidence and prevalence differ based on cause. The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized. The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized.

• #11 Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/108/17/1383

  Aims The population prevalence of cardiomyopathies and the natural history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia across cardiomyopathy phenotypes is poorly understood. Study aims were to estimate the population-diagnosed prevalence of cardiomyopathies and describe the temporal relationship between a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy with HF and arrhythmia. […] In 2018, DCM was the most common cardiomyopathy. DCM and HCM were twice as common among men, with the reverse trend for ARVC. Between 2010 and 2018, prevalence increased for ARVC by 180% and HCM by 9%. […] The recorded prevalence of all cardiomyopathies increased over the past decade. Recognition of CA is generally preceded by HF, whereas individuals with ARVC or HCM more often developed HF after their cardiomyopathy diagnosis suggesting a more indolent course or better asymptomatic recognition. The clustering of HF and cardiomyopathy diagnoses suggests opportunities for presymptomatic or earlier diagnosis.

• #12 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. […] RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] African American individuals are approximately three times more prone to development of dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of 400-800 per 100,0000 in adults. This prevalence seems to be similar in all races, but the disease age is mainly considered to be in adolescence and young adults. […] Dilated cardiomyopathy has an approximate incidence of 4.58 per 100,000 in children less than 1 year old. The incidence decreases when the child ages and is 0.34 per 100,000 between 1 to 18 years old. […] The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 400-800 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

• #13 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Incidence and prevalence differ based on cause. The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized. The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] The incidence of DCM has been estimated to be 5-8 cases per 100,000 population, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000. This could be explained by the incomplete disease expression, which goes unrecognized.

• #14 Epidemiology of the inherited cardiomyopathies | Nature Reviews Cardiology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-020-0428-2

  In the absence of contemporary, population-based epidemiological studies, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies have been derived from screening studies, most often of young adult populations, to assess cardiovascular risk or to detect the presence of disease in athletes or military recruits. […] Contemporary age-adjusted and sex-adjusted, population-based epidemiological studies of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies are lacking. […] Current prevalence estimates for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1/500) and dilated cardiomyopathy (1/250) are on the basis of screening studies, mainly in healthy young adults, and probably underestimate the true prevalence of disease and the risk of disease-related complications. […] Prevalence estimates for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (1/2,000 to 1/5,000) are on the basis of extrapolation from allele frequencies of genetic variants and the generally low penetrance of most of these variants.

• #15 Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/cardiomyopathy/97961

  The rate of identification of amyloidosis has been rising over time with awareness and use of noninvasive imaging, noted a study that found a prevalence of 17 per 100,000 person-years in the Medicare population as of 2012. […] Prevalence in the U.S. is estimated at 10.9 per 100,000 in white patients and 35.5 per 100,000 in Black patients, but only some 2.5-5% have cardiac involvement. […] While the incidence of myocarditis is estimated at 10 to 20 cases per 100,000 persons, it’s likely underdiagnosed because many cases are subclinical. […] The incidence was 4.84 per 10,000 live births in one series, but estimates range from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 deliveries. According to a review in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, incidence may be rising, „due to the rise in maternal age, increased rates of multifetal pregnancies due to contemporary fertility techniques, and possibly to increased recognition of the disease.”

• #16 Cardiac amyloidosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-therapy

  Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is an underestimated cause of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Advances in cardiac imaging and improved awareness among physicians have facilitated the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis over the last decade. […] Published data on the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis are based mainly on single-centre studies or population registries. A recent study among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years in the USA showed an increase in both the incidence and prevalence rates of cardiac amyloidosis from 2000 to 2012. […] Data from the THAOS registry showed that ATTR amyloidosis primarily affects elderly men with a cardiac predominant phenotype. […] The prevalence of wild type (non-hereditary) ATTR amyloidosis increases with age with nearly all patients being 60 years of age. […] Cardiac amyloidosis is the dominant feature of wild-type ATTR.

• #17 Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/108/17/1383

  Aims The population prevalence of cardiomyopathies and the natural history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia across cardiomyopathy phenotypes is poorly understood. Study aims were to estimate the population-diagnosed prevalence of cardiomyopathies and describe the temporal relationship between a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy with HF and arrhythmia. […] In 2018, DCM was the most common cardiomyopathy. DCM and HCM were twice as common among men, with the reverse trend for ARVC. Between 2010 and 2018, prevalence increased for ARVC by 180% and HCM by 9%. […] The recorded prevalence of all cardiomyopathies increased over the past decade. Recognition of CA is generally preceded by HF, whereas individuals with ARVC or HCM more often developed HF after their cardiomyopathy diagnosis suggesting a more indolent course or better asymptomatic recognition. The clustering of HF and cardiomyopathy diagnoses suggests opportunities for presymptomatic or earlier diagnosis.

• #18 Cardiac amyloidosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-therapy

  Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is an underestimated cause of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Advances in cardiac imaging and improved awareness among physicians have facilitated the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis over the last decade. […] Published data on the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis are based mainly on single-centre studies or population registries. A recent study among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years in the USA showed an increase in both the incidence and prevalence rates of cardiac amyloidosis from 2000 to 2012. […] Data from the THAOS registry showed that ATTR amyloidosis primarily affects elderly men with a cardiac predominant phenotype. […] The prevalence of wild type (non-hereditary) ATTR amyloidosis increases with age with nearly all patients being 60 years of age. […] Cardiac amyloidosis is the dominant feature of wild-type ATTR.

• #19 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Forecast, 2021-2031

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5632229/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-forecast-2021-2031?srsltid=AfmBOoqeW3i4iAQ9m3weSwHNYzjmFY2yfh26vc6zEGbGfb1vat7D_ixB

  The epidemiology report provides additional clinically relevant segmentations for the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies including subtype specific etiology. […] The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in cardiomyopathies. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies will increase from 2,268,240 cases in 2021 to 2,852,506 cases in 2031, at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 2.58% per year. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies in the five major European markets (5EU) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) will increase at an AGR of 1.43%, from 366,582 cases in 2021 to 419,183 cases in 2031. […] The publisher estimates that the US will have the highest number of cases of cardiomyopathies in 2031, with 2,385,118 cases at an AGR of 2.87%. […] Conversely, Japan will have the least number of cases by 2031, with 48,205 cases at a negative AGR of 0.10%.

• #20 Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/108/17/1383

  Aims The population prevalence of cardiomyopathies and the natural history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia across cardiomyopathy phenotypes is poorly understood. Study aims were to estimate the population-diagnosed prevalence of cardiomyopathies and describe the temporal relationship between a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy with HF and arrhythmia. […] In 2018, DCM was the most common cardiomyopathy. DCM and HCM were twice as common among men, with the reverse trend for ARVC. Between 2010 and 2018, prevalence increased for ARVC by 180% and HCM by 9%. […] The recorded prevalence of all cardiomyopathies increased over the past decade. Recognition of CA is generally preceded by HF, whereas individuals with ARVC or HCM more often developed HF after their cardiomyopathy diagnosis suggesting a more indolent course or better asymptomatic recognition. The clustering of HF and cardiomyopathy diagnoses suggests opportunities for presymptomatic or earlier diagnosis.

• #21 Dilated cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dilated_cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy is approximately 36 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. It has a high mortality rate of up to 50%. Dilated cardiomyopathy is most likely to occur between the ages of 20-60, is three times as likely to occur in males over females, and is 2.5 times more likely to occur in African Americans. […] The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy is approximately 4.5 per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] The mortality rate of dilated cardiomyopathy is quite high (up to 50%). […] Dilated cardiomyopathy can occur at any age (although it is more likely between the ages of 20-60). […] In dilated cardiomyopathy, there is a male predominance (3:1 male:female). […] Dilated cardiomyopathy is 2.5 times more likely to occur in African Americans.

• #22 Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

  DCM is the third most common cause of heart failure (HF) and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. It has an annual incidence of 0.47-0.58 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 1 to 4/100,000. […] The reported incidence is 400,000-550,000 cases per year, with a prevalence of 4-5 million people. The estimated prevalence of DCM in adults is 36-40 per 100,000, with a male predominance. […] In children and adolescents, the prevalence of DCM is estimated to be 0.57-1.13 cases per 100,000 people, accounting for about half of all pediatric cardiomyopathies. This incidence is about 10 times lower than that of adults owing to genetic and environmental factors as well as lifestyle habits and comorbidities of adults.

• #23 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Initial estimations of prevalence data for DCM came from a population-based study by Codd et al. conducted on the Olmsted Country population (Minnesota, USA) between 1975 and 1984. […] Data related to the epidemiology in different ethnicities suggest a 2.7-fold increased risk associated with black race. […] In Italy, the first data on the incidence of DCM go back to a prospective post-mortem study on consecutive necropsies performed during a 2-year period (November 1987November 1989) in the Department of Pathology at Trieste University. […] The studies carried out more recently were not built upon the solely basis of the phenotype, thus reflecting the epidemiology of the disease with higher accuracy. However, despite major efforts, the true incidence and prevalence of DCM still remains to be determined. […] Epidemiology of DCM is rapidly changing.

• #24 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. […] RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] African American individuals are approximately three times more prone to development of dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of 400-800 per 100,0000 in adults. This prevalence seems to be similar in all races, but the disease age is mainly considered to be in adolescence and young adults. […] Dilated cardiomyopathy has an approximate incidence of 4.58 per 100,000 in children less than 1 year old. The incidence decreases when the child ages and is 0.34 per 100,000 between 1 to 18 years old. […] The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 400-800 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

• #25 Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/cardiomyopathy/97961

  The rate of identification of amyloidosis has been rising over time with awareness and use of noninvasive imaging, noted a study that found a prevalence of 17 per 100,000 person-years in the Medicare population as of 2012. […] Prevalence in the U.S. is estimated at 10.9 per 100,000 in white patients and 35.5 per 100,000 in Black patients, but only some 2.5-5% have cardiac involvement. […] While the incidence of myocarditis is estimated at 10 to 20 cases per 100,000 persons, it’s likely underdiagnosed because many cases are subclinical. […] The incidence was 4.84 per 10,000 live births in one series, but estimates range from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 deliveries. According to a review in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, incidence may be rising, „due to the rise in maternal age, increased rates of multifetal pregnancies due to contemporary fertility techniques, and possibly to increased recognition of the disease.”

• #26 Cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of HCM in the absence of aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension is at least 200 per 100,000 of the adult population. […] RCM is much less common than either DCM or HCM in the developed world, but is a frequent cause of death in the tropical countries, primarily because of the high incidence of endomyocardial fibrosis in those regions. […] African American individuals are approximately three times more prone to development of dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of 400-800 per 100,0000 in adults. This prevalence seems to be similar in all races, but the disease age is mainly considered to be in adolescence and young adults. […] Dilated cardiomyopathy has an approximate incidence of 4.58 per 100,000 in children less than 1 year old. The incidence decreases when the child ages and is 0.34 per 100,000 between 1 to 18 years old. […] The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 400-800 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

• #27 Dilated cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dilated_cardiomyopathy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy is approximately 36 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. It has a high mortality rate of up to 50%. Dilated cardiomyopathy is most likely to occur between the ages of 20-60, is three times as likely to occur in males over females, and is 2.5 times more likely to occur in African Americans. […] The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy is approximately 4.5 per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. […] The mortality rate of dilated cardiomyopathy is quite high (up to 50%). […] Dilated cardiomyopathy can occur at any age (although it is more likely between the ages of 20-60). […] In dilated cardiomyopathy, there is a male predominance (3:1 male:female). […] Dilated cardiomyopathy is 2.5 times more likely to occur in African Americans.

• #28 Epidemiology of heart failure – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-causes-of-heart-failure

  There are an estimated 56 million people with HF worldwide. The prevalence of HF varies geographically, with the highest prevalence rates of HF being reported from North America, Central Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, whereas lower rates are reported in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. The American Heart Association (AHA) estimated that there were 6.7 million people (2.3 percent) living with HF in the United States between 2017 and 2020. However, the uncertainty of establishing the HF diagnosis in large populations results in potentially inaccurate estimates; there at least six HF scoring methodologies for the diagnosis of HF that generally require history, physical examination, and chest radiographs. […] Estimates from population-based studies, such as the Framingham Study estimates, are primarily based upon symptomatic HF. These figures do not include asymptomatic patients with a reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Investigations using echocardiography have found that only 50 percent of participants with LV dysfunction are symptomatic. In a community survey from the Mayo Clinic, of 123 patients with an LVEF ≤50 percent, 30 (24 percent) had a diagnosis of HF; of 40 patients with an LVEF ≤40 percent, 21 (53 percent) had a diagnosis of HF. When echocardiographic screening is used, the prevalence of HF may be as high as 12 percent.

• #29 Epidemiology of heart failure – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-causes-of-heart-failure

  There are an estimated 56 million people with HF worldwide. The prevalence of HF varies geographically, with the highest prevalence rates of HF being reported from North America, Central Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, whereas lower rates are reported in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. The American Heart Association (AHA) estimated that there were 6.7 million people (2.3 percent) living with HF in the United States between 2017 and 2020. However, the uncertainty of establishing the HF diagnosis in large populations results in potentially inaccurate estimates; there at least six HF scoring methodologies for the diagnosis of HF that generally require history, physical examination, and chest radiographs. […] Estimates from population-based studies, such as the Framingham Study estimates, are primarily based upon symptomatic HF. These figures do not include asymptomatic patients with a reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Investigations using echocardiography have found that only 50 percent of participants with LV dysfunction are symptomatic. In a community survey from the Mayo Clinic, of 123 patients with an LVEF ≤50 percent, 30 (24 percent) had a diagnosis of HF; of 40 patients with an LVEF ≤40 percent, 21 (53 percent) had a diagnosis of HF. When echocardiographic screening is used, the prevalence of HF may be as high as 12 percent.

• #30 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Forecast, 2021-2031

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5632229/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-forecast-2021-2031?srsltid=AfmBOoqeW3i4iAQ9m3weSwHNYzjmFY2yfh26vc6zEGbGfb1vat7D_ixB

  The epidemiology report provides additional clinically relevant segmentations for the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies including subtype specific etiology. […] The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in cardiomyopathies. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies will increase from 2,268,240 cases in 2021 to 2,852,506 cases in 2031, at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 2.58% per year. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies in the five major European markets (5EU) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) will increase at an AGR of 1.43%, from 366,582 cases in 2021 to 419,183 cases in 2031. […] The publisher estimates that the US will have the highest number of cases of cardiomyopathies in 2031, with 2,385,118 cases at an AGR of 2.87%. […] Conversely, Japan will have the least number of cases by 2031, with 48,205 cases at a negative AGR of 0.10%.

• #31 Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Scientific Statement: Update on Device Based Therapies in Heart Failure

  https://hfsa.org/hf-stats-2024-heart-failure-epidemiology-and-outcomes-statistics

  The HF Stats 2024: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics provides an update to the inaugural 2023 HF Stats report and highlights several key findings that that the problem of heart failure is growing even more severe, particularly in younger populations, racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with multiple health conditions. […] Approximately 6.7 million Americans over 20 years of age have heart failure (HF), and the prevalence is expected to rise to 8.7 million in 2030, 10.3 million in 2040, and 11.4 million by 2050. […] The incidence and prevalence of HF is higher among Black individuals compared with other racial and ethnic groups. The prevalence of HF has increased among Black and Hispanic individuals over time. […] HF mortality rates have been increasing since 2012 with a more pronounced acceleration in 2020-2021. The age-adjusted HF mortality rates were higher in 2021 than in 1999. HF was a contributing cause in approximately 425,147 deaths and accounted for 45% of cardiovascular deaths in the US in 2021.

• #32 Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Scientific Statement: Update on Device Based Therapies in Heart Failure

  https://hfsa.org/hf-stats-2024-heart-failure-epidemiology-and-outcomes-statistics

  Black, American Indian, and Alaskan Native individuals have the highest all-cause age-adjusted HF mortality rates compared with other racial and ethnic groups. From 2010 to 2020, HF mortality rates have increased for Black individuals at a rate higher than any other racial or ethnic group, particularly for individuals below the age of 65. […] Rates of HF hospitalizations have increased since 2014. This increase was consistent between age groups and sexes, with the highest rates being among Black patients. Between 2020-2022, HF hospitalization rates were temporarily reduced during COVID-19 pandemic.

• #33 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Forecast, 2021-2031

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5632229/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-forecast-2021-2031?srsltid=AfmBOoqeW3i4iAQ9m3weSwHNYzjmFY2yfh26vc6zEGbGfb1vat7D_ixB

  The epidemiology report provides additional clinically relevant segmentations for the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies including subtype specific etiology. […] The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in cardiomyopathies. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies will increase from 2,268,240 cases in 2021 to 2,852,506 cases in 2031, at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 2.58% per year. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies in the five major European markets (5EU) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) will increase at an AGR of 1.43%, from 366,582 cases in 2021 to 419,183 cases in 2031. […] The publisher estimates that the US will have the highest number of cases of cardiomyopathies in 2031, with 2,385,118 cases at an AGR of 2.87%. […] Conversely, Japan will have the least number of cases by 2031, with 48,205 cases at a negative AGR of 0.10%.

• #34 Epidemiology and treatment of heart failure in Spain: the HF-PATHWAYS study – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)

  https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-epidemiology-treatment-heart-failure-in-articulo-S1885585720305211

  Epidemiological data on HF remained stable during the study period, with a lower prevalence than that reported in nonpopulation-based studies. There is wide room for improvement in the optimization of medical treatment of HFrEF. […] The main study findings are that HF prevalence in Spain in 2019 was 1.89% of the population older than 18 years, with an incidence of 2.78/1000 persons/y, and that both figures were stable over the preceding 3 years. […] The prevalence of HF in Spain is close to 2% in the adult population ( 18 years). HF is a health problem associated with aging. […] The most frequent HF phenotype is HFrEF (51.7%). […] The optimization of medical treatment for HFrEF leaves a lot to be desired and there is wide room for improvement.

• #35 Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan: results from a nationwide survey | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/87/2/126

  Objective: To estimate the total number of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan and the prevalence of the disorder. […] Results: Estimated patient totals and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 17 700 (95% CI 16 500 to 18 800) for dilated cardiomyopathy, 21 900 (95% CI 20 600 to 23 200) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 300 (95% CI 250 to 350) for restrictive cardiomyopathy. Crude prevalence per 100 000 population was estimated as 14.0 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 17.3 for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 0.2 for restrictive cardiomyopathy; crude incidence per 100 000 person-years was estimated as 3.58, 4.14, and 0.06, respectively. […] Conclusions: The total number and prevalence of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan are estimated for the first time in a nationwide survey. The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Japan appears to be about half that of Western populations, while that of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is about the same.

• #36 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Forecast, 2021-2031

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5632229/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-forecast-2021-2031?srsltid=AfmBOoqeW3i4iAQ9m3weSwHNYzjmFY2yfh26vc6zEGbGfb1vat7D_ixB

  The epidemiology report provides additional clinically relevant segmentations for the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies including subtype specific etiology. […] The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in cardiomyopathies. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies will increase from 2,268,240 cases in 2021 to 2,852,506 cases in 2031, at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 2.58% per year. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies in the five major European markets (5EU) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) will increase at an AGR of 1.43%, from 366,582 cases in 2021 to 419,183 cases in 2031. […] The publisher estimates that the US will have the highest number of cases of cardiomyopathies in 2031, with 2,385,118 cases at an AGR of 2.87%. […] Conversely, Japan will have the least number of cases by 2031, with 48,205 cases at a negative AGR of 0.10%.

• #37

  https://www.globalcardiology.info/site/article/view/31?articlesBySimilarityPage=1

  Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease that primarily affects Black African women. […] To date, there is no population-based PPCM study in Africa. However, hospital-based studies have reported incidence rates as high as 1:100 deliveries in Nigeria and representing up to 52% of all cardiomyopathies. […] For reasons that are not yet very clear, there are obvious wide disparities in incidence and prevalence within and between African Countries. […] Clinical outcomes are much worse in Africa than in Western Europe and North America. Mortality rates as high as 24.2% at 6 months and 47.4% at 1 year of followup had been recorded in Kano, Nigeria, 48.3% over 4 years in Burkina Faso, 11.6% over 6 months in Zimbabwe and 13.0% over 6 months in South Africa. […] It is hoped that the ongoing peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE Registry) and the worldwide EURObservational Research Programme on PPCM will soon shed more light on the epidemiology of PPCM in Africa.

• #38

  https://www.globalcardiology.info/site/article/view/31?articlesBySimilarityPage=1

  Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease that primarily affects Black African women. […] To date, there is no population-based PPCM study in Africa. However, hospital-based studies have reported incidence rates as high as 1:100 deliveries in Nigeria and representing up to 52% of all cardiomyopathies. […] For reasons that are not yet very clear, there are obvious wide disparities in incidence and prevalence within and between African Countries. […] Clinical outcomes are much worse in Africa than in Western Europe and North America. Mortality rates as high as 24.2% at 6 months and 47.4% at 1 year of followup had been recorded in Kano, Nigeria, 48.3% over 4 years in Burkina Faso, 11.6% over 6 months in Zimbabwe and 13.0% over 6 months in South Africa. […] It is hoped that the ongoing peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE Registry) and the worldwide EURObservational Research Programme on PPCM will soon shed more light on the epidemiology of PPCM in Africa.

• #39 Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

  DCM is the third most common cause of heart failure (HF) and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. It has an annual incidence of 0.47-0.58 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 1 to 4/100,000. […] The reported incidence is 400,000-550,000 cases per year, with a prevalence of 4-5 million people. The estimated prevalence of DCM in adults is 36-40 per 100,000, with a male predominance. […] In children and adolescents, the prevalence of DCM is estimated to be 0.57-1.13 cases per 100,000 people, accounting for about half of all pediatric cardiomyopathies. This incidence is about 10 times lower than that of adults owing to genetic and environmental factors as well as lifestyle habits and comorbidities of adults.

• #40 Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

  DCM is the third most common cause of heart failure (HF) and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. It has an annual incidence of 0.47-0.58 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 1 to 4/100,000. […] The reported incidence is 400,000-550,000 cases per year, with a prevalence of 4-5 million people. The estimated prevalence of DCM in adults is 36-40 per 100,000, with a male predominance. […] In children and adolescents, the prevalence of DCM is estimated to be 0.57-1.13 cases per 100,000 people, accounting for about half of all pediatric cardiomyopathies. This incidence is about 10 times lower than that of adults owing to genetic and environmental factors as well as lifestyle habits and comorbidities of adults.

• #41 Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

  DCM is the third most common cause of heart failure (HF) and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. It has an annual incidence of 0.47-0.58 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 1 to 4/100,000. […] The reported incidence is 400,000-550,000 cases per year, with a prevalence of 4-5 million people. The estimated prevalence of DCM in adults is 36-40 per 100,000, with a male predominance. […] In children and adolescents, the prevalence of DCM is estimated to be 0.57-1.13 cases per 100,000 people, accounting for about half of all pediatric cardiomyopathies. This incidence is about 10 times lower than that of adults owing to genetic and environmental factors as well as lifestyle habits and comorbidities of adults.

• #42

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcs/fulltext/2015/01010/epidemiology_of_cardiomyopathy___a_clinical_and.9.aspx

  Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a genetic disorder where a heterogeneous group of cardiac-muscles are involved and is characterized by ventricular dilatation, impaired systolic function, reduced myocardial contractility with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. […] Since very little is known about the epidemiology of cardiomyopathy in India, our study aimed for a series of prospective clinical and genetic studies of Cardiomyopathy patients, and here we present the data on DCM. […] Familial DCM accounted for at least 40% of the patients of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in this study. The inheritance pattern was autosomal dominant and mutations in one family were found in the LMNA and MYH7 gene. Next generation sequencing would probably pick up more mutations. These data suggest that family screening should be done for all cases of idiopathic DCM.

• #43 Advancements in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Yi Chen, Qingjiang Chen, Zhaowei Huang, Wenyang Wang, Zhigang Gao :: SSRN

  https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4907493

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a prevalent hereditary heart disease characterized by significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The global prevalence of HCM ranges from 1:200 to 1:500, with regional variations. […] This review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of HCM, providing guidance and reference for clinical practice.

• #44 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Market Insight, Epidemiology and Research Report 2021-2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210726005486/en/Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-HCM-Market-Insight-Epidemiology-and-Research-Report-2021-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Epidemiology […] The epidemiology division’s Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) symptoms provide insights about the historical and current patient pool and the forecasted trend for every seven major countries. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. This part of The report also provides the diagnosed patient pool and their trends along with assumptions undertaken. […] The epidemiology segment also provides the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The total 7MM prevalent cases of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) were 34,713 cases in 2020.

• #45 Cardiomyopathy: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1115/p640.html

  HCM is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes, accounting for about one-third of cases. This devastating complication is more prevalent in male athletes and nonwhites. Current guidance holds that patients with phenotypic HCM should not participate in intense competitive sports but may participate in low-intensity activities.

• #46 Epidemiology of the inherited cardiomyopathies | Nature Reviews Cardiology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-020-0428-2

  In the absence of contemporary, population-based epidemiological studies, estimates of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies have been derived from screening studies, most often of young adult populations, to assess cardiovascular risk or to detect the presence of disease in athletes or military recruits. […] Contemporary age-adjusted and sex-adjusted, population-based epidemiological studies of the incidence and prevalence of the inherited cardiomyopathies are lacking. […] Current prevalence estimates for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1/500) and dilated cardiomyopathy (1/250) are on the basis of screening studies, mainly in healthy young adults, and probably underestimate the true prevalence of disease and the risk of disease-related complications. […] Prevalence estimates for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (1/2,000 to 1/5,000) are on the basis of extrapolation from allele frequencies of genetic variants and the generally low penetrance of most of these variants.

• #47 Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study | Heart

  https://heart.bmj.com/content/108/17/1383

  Aims The population prevalence of cardiomyopathies and the natural history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) and arrhythmia across cardiomyopathy phenotypes is poorly understood. Study aims were to estimate the population-diagnosed prevalence of cardiomyopathies and describe the temporal relationship between a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy with HF and arrhythmia. […] In 2018, DCM was the most common cardiomyopathy. DCM and HCM were twice as common among men, with the reverse trend for ARVC. Between 2010 and 2018, prevalence increased for ARVC by 180% and HCM by 9%. […] The recorded prevalence of all cardiomyopathies increased over the past decade. Recognition of CA is generally preceded by HF, whereas individuals with ARVC or HCM more often developed HF after their cardiomyopathy diagnosis suggesting a more indolent course or better asymptomatic recognition. The clustering of HF and cardiomyopathy diagnoses suggests opportunities for presymptomatic or earlier diagnosis.

• #48 Epidemiology of cardiomyopathies and incident heart failure in a population-based cohort study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34969871/

  Results: In 2018, DCM was the most common cardiomyopathy. DCM and HCM were twice as common among men, with the reverse trend for ARVC. Between 2010 and 2018, prevalence increased for ARVC by 180% and HCM by 9%. At diagnosis, more patients with CA (66%), DCM (56%) and RCM (62%) had pre-existing HF compared with ARVC (29%) and HCM (27%). Among those free of HF at diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, annualised HF incidence was greatest in CA and DCM. Diagnoses of all cardiomyopathies clustered around the time of HF onset. […] Conclusions: The recorded prevalence of all cardiomyopathies increased over the past decade. Recognition of CA is generally preceded by HF, whereas individuals with ARVC or HCM more often developed HF after their cardiomyopathy diagnosis suggesting a more indolent course or better asymptomatic recognition. The clustering of HF and cardiomyopathy diagnoses suggests opportunities for presymptomatic or earlier diagnosis.

• #49

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcs/fulltext/2017/03030/epidemiology_of_cardiomyopathy___a_clinical_and.5.aspx

  Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, biatrial enlargement, and normal or near-normal systolic function. RCM is the rarest kind among cardiomyopathies with a severe outcome. […] RCM in India is a sporadic disease, rare, and occurs in the young. Prognosis of RCM is still worse than any other cardiomyopathy. […] In countries like India, Africa, South, and Central America, the main cause of RCM is endomyocardial fibrosis rather than idiopathic form of RCM though the pattern is now changing. […] RCM has a variable age of onset and may develop at any age. Symptoms’ severity may range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. Major complaints of patients are shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue, with later development of pulmonary congestion, ascites, and decreased cardiac output.

• #50

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcs/fulltext/2017/03030/epidemiology_of_cardiomyopathy___a_clinical_and.5.aspx

  Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, biatrial enlargement, and normal or near-normal systolic function. RCM is the rarest kind among cardiomyopathies with a severe outcome. […] RCM in India is a sporadic disease, rare, and occurs in the young. Prognosis of RCM is still worse than any other cardiomyopathy. […] In countries like India, Africa, South, and Central America, the main cause of RCM is endomyocardial fibrosis rather than idiopathic form of RCM though the pattern is now changing. […] RCM has a variable age of onset and may develop at any age. Symptoms’ severity may range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. Major complaints of patients are shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue, with later development of pulmonary congestion, ascites, and decreased cardiac output.

• #51

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcs/fulltext/2017/03030/epidemiology_of_cardiomyopathy___a_clinical_and.5.aspx

  Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, biatrial enlargement, and normal or near-normal systolic function. RCM is the rarest kind among cardiomyopathies with a severe outcome. […] RCM in India is a sporadic disease, rare, and occurs in the young. Prognosis of RCM is still worse than any other cardiomyopathy. […] In countries like India, Africa, South, and Central America, the main cause of RCM is endomyocardial fibrosis rather than idiopathic form of RCM though the pattern is now changing. […] RCM has a variable age of onset and may develop at any age. Symptoms’ severity may range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. Major complaints of patients are shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue, with later development of pulmonary congestion, ascites, and decreased cardiac output.

• #52

  https://journals.lww.com/jpcs/fulltext/2017/03030/epidemiology_of_cardiomyopathy___a_clinical_and.5.aspx

  Here, we report thirty cases of idiopathic RCM patients from a tertiary care unit of India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. […] RCM emerged as a genetic disorder in the past decade. Prognosis of RCM is still worse than any other cardiomyopathy with male preponderance. No familial cases were found and 100% are sporadic. Most of the patients showed the early age of onset as symptoms emerged in the first and second decade of life. Shortness of breath and fatigue found to be common symptoms. Genetic screening of the MYH7 exon 23 hotspot regions could only explain 6.6% of RCM cases. To understand the pathophysiological mechanism of cardiomyopathies, the combinations of thorough clinical and genetic studies are the need of the hour.

• #53 Cardiac amyloidosis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Cardiac amyloidosis is a disorder caused by amyloid fibril deposition in the extracellular space of the heart. It can present with cardiac signs or symptoms or may be diagnosed as the result of screening in patients who manifest extracardiac signs of amyloidosis. This topic will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. […] The clinical syndrome associated with cardiac amyloid infiltration in the heart is referred to as „cardiac amyloidosis.” […] Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) and light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) are two of the most common types of cardiac amyloidosis.

• #54 Cardiac amyloidosis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Cardiac amyloidosis is a disorder caused by amyloid fibril deposition in the extracellular space of the heart. It can present with cardiac signs or symptoms or may be diagnosed as the result of screening in patients who manifest extracardiac signs of amyloidosis. This topic will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. […] The clinical syndrome associated with cardiac amyloid infiltration in the heart is referred to as „cardiac amyloidosis.” […] Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) and light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) are two of the most common types of cardiac amyloidosis.

• #55 Cardiac amyloidosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-therapy

  Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is an underestimated cause of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Advances in cardiac imaging and improved awareness among physicians have facilitated the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis over the last decade. […] Published data on the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis are based mainly on single-centre studies or population registries. A recent study among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years in the USA showed an increase in both the incidence and prevalence rates of cardiac amyloidosis from 2000 to 2012. […] Data from the THAOS registry showed that ATTR amyloidosis primarily affects elderly men with a cardiac predominant phenotype. […] The prevalence of wild type (non-hereditary) ATTR amyloidosis increases with age with nearly all patients being 60 years of age. […] Cardiac amyloidosis is the dominant feature of wild-type ATTR.

• #56 Cardiac amyloidosis: a changing epidemiology with open challenges

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/2574-1209.2021.106

  Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is increasingly diagnosed due to the advancements made in diagnostics and therapeutics in the last decades, particularly in the field of transthyretin-related CA. […] Studies that have used bone scintigraphy for screening at-risk conditions have shown that about one out of ten patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), aortic stenosis undergoing valve replacement, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnosed later in life might have an underlying or concomitant CA. […] The epidemiology of these conditions is also rapidly evolving. […] The description of the evolving epidemiology of CA remains scant in the literature so far. […] Data on AL-CA from the Olmsted County from 1990 to 2015 show a stable incidence rate of 1.2 per 100,000 person-years.

• #57 Myocarditis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156330-overview

  The frequency of myocarditis is difficult to ascertain, owing to the wide variation of clinical presentation. Incidence is usually estimated at 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons, and it is higher in young men (and to some degree middle-aged women). Incidence of positive right ventricular biopsy findings in patients with suspected myocarditis is highly variable (range: 0-80%). According to estimates, as many as 1-5% of patients with acute viral infections may have involvement of the myocardium. […] The availability of CMRI has expanded the ability to detect myocarditis in patients who might otherwise not receive an EMB. Consequently, the reported incidence of myocarditis has risen from roughly 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons to around 9.5-14.4 cases per 100,000, paralleling CMRI’s more widespread use.

• #58 Myocarditis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156330-overview

  The frequency of myocarditis is difficult to ascertain, owing to the wide variation of clinical presentation. Incidence is usually estimated at 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons, and it is higher in young men (and to some degree middle-aged women). Incidence of positive right ventricular biopsy findings in patients with suspected myocarditis is highly variable (range: 0-80%). According to estimates, as many as 1-5% of patients with acute viral infections may have involvement of the myocardium. […] The availability of CMRI has expanded the ability to detect myocarditis in patients who might otherwise not receive an EMB. Consequently, the reported incidence of myocarditis has risen from roughly 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons to around 9.5-14.4 cases per 100,000, paralleling CMRI’s more widespread use.

• #59 Myocarditis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156330-overview

  The frequency of myocarditis is difficult to ascertain, owing to the wide variation of clinical presentation. Incidence is usually estimated at 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons, and it is higher in young men (and to some degree middle-aged women). Incidence of positive right ventricular biopsy findings in patients with suspected myocarditis is highly variable (range: 0-80%). According to estimates, as many as 1-5% of patients with acute viral infections may have involvement of the myocardium. […] The availability of CMRI has expanded the ability to detect myocarditis in patients who might otherwise not receive an EMB. Consequently, the reported incidence of myocarditis has risen from roughly 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons to around 9.5-14.4 cases per 100,000, paralleling CMRI’s more widespread use.

• #60 Epidemiology and Prognosis of Myocarditis and dilated Cardiomyopathy: Predictive Value of Clinical Parameters and Biopsy Findings | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8352-7_2

  The true incidence of myocarditis is difficult to assess due to the extreme diversity of its clinical manifestations. […] Myocarditis has been implicated in sudden death of young adults in 812% of cases and has been identified by endomyocardial biopsy as a cause of unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy in 1012% of cases. […] Important predictors of adverse prognosis with biopsy-proven myocarditis include giant cell histopathology, persistent viral genome on repeat endomyocardial biopsy, elevated myocardial or circulatory Fas and Fas ligand levels, extent of left ventricular enlargement and sphericity, pulmonary hypertension and bundle branch block. […] Mortality for biopsy-verified lymphocytic myocarditis averages 20% at 1 year and over 50% at 4 years. […] The survival rates are similar to observational data for patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Survival with giant cell myocarditis is substantially lower with fewer than 20% of patients surviving 5 years. […] Treatment remains supportive as no specific treatment for biopsy-proven myocarditis has yet been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trails.

• #61 Epidemiology and Prognosis of Myocarditis and dilated Cardiomyopathy: Predictive Value of Clinical Parameters and Biopsy Findings | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7643-8352-7_2

  The true incidence of myocarditis is difficult to assess due to the extreme diversity of its clinical manifestations. […] Myocarditis has been implicated in sudden death of young adults in 812% of cases and has been identified by endomyocardial biopsy as a cause of unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy in 1012% of cases. […] Important predictors of adverse prognosis with biopsy-proven myocarditis include giant cell histopathology, persistent viral genome on repeat endomyocardial biopsy, elevated myocardial or circulatory Fas and Fas ligand levels, extent of left ventricular enlargement and sphericity, pulmonary hypertension and bundle branch block. […] Mortality for biopsy-verified lymphocytic myocarditis averages 20% at 1 year and over 50% at 4 years. […] The survival rates are similar to observational data for patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. […] Survival with giant cell myocarditis is substantially lower with fewer than 20% of patients surviving 5 years. […] Treatment remains supportive as no specific treatment for biopsy-proven myocarditis has yet been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trails.

• #62 Peripartum cardiomyopathy: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management | Rudaeva | Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases

  https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/818?locale=en_US

  The article summarizes the current knowledge on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy. The incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy varies and largely depends on the geographic region. The overall mortality reaches up to 4-28%. Risk factors for developing peripartum cardiomyopathy include multiple pregnancies and multiple births, family history, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, preeclampsia, poor nutrition, older or adolescent maternal age, and long-term treatment with beta-adrenergic agonists. […] Genetic factors play the leading role in the pathophysiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy. It is generally confirmed by family history and the incidence variation depending on the geographical region. […] There are no guidelines for obstetricians and gynecologists on the management of pregnant women, parturient women, and postpartum women. One of the reasons is the absence of evidence. An urgent cesarean section is indicated if the pregnant woman has acute heart failure and requires inotropic support and/or invasive therapy. However, 2018 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy recommend vaginal delivery in these patients.

• #63 Epidemiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy: incidence, predictors, and outcomes – Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

  https://divisionofresearch.kaiserpermanente.org/publications/epidemiology-of-peripartum-cardiomyopathy-incidence-predictors-and-outcomes/

  OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence, describe the mortality, and identify independent predictors of peripartum cardiomyopathy, a very serious cardiovascular complication of pregnancy associated with maternal morbidity and mortality among otherwise healthy women without prior heart disease. […] Among 227,224 eligible women, we confirmed 110 recognized peripartum cardiomyopathy cases (incidence: 4.84 per 10,000 live births, 95% confidence interval 3.98-5.83). Independent predictors included maternal age of 25 years or older, non-Hispanic African American and Filipino groups, parity of 4 or greater, multiple gestation, severe anemia, pre-existing and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome. […] Maternal death rate (per 1,000 person-years) was higher among cases (6.12) than noncases (0.23; P 0

• #64 Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure in Diabetes

  https://www.e-dmj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4093/dmj.2020.0282

  Diabetes is a serious and increasing global health burden. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, in which 8.5% of adults 18 years had diabetes. It is expected that over 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes by 2035. […] Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of HF. In the Framingham Heart Study, DM was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the risk of incident HF in men and a 4-fold increase in women, even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. […] Among HF patients, the prevalence of DM is 2 to 2.5 times higher than in the general population. […] Diabetes increases the risk for HF and complicates its course, such that HF patients with DM had worse outcomes than those without DM.

• #65 Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure in Diabetes

  https://www.e-dmj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4093/dmj.2020.0282

  Diabetes is a serious and increasing global health burden. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, in which 8.5% of adults 18 years had diabetes. It is expected that over 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes by 2035. […] Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of HF. In the Framingham Heart Study, DM was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the risk of incident HF in men and a 4-fold increase in women, even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. […] Among HF patients, the prevalence of DM is 2 to 2.5 times higher than in the general population. […] Diabetes increases the risk for HF and complicates its course, such that HF patients with DM had worse outcomes than those without DM.

• #66 Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure in Diabetes

  https://www.e-dmj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4093/dmj.2020.0282

  Diabetes is a serious and increasing global health burden. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, in which 8.5% of adults 18 years had diabetes. It is expected that over 592 million people worldwide will have diabetes by 2035. […] Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of HF. In the Framingham Heart Study, DM was associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the risk of incident HF in men and a 4-fold increase in women, even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. […] Among HF patients, the prevalence of DM is 2 to 2.5 times higher than in the general population. […] Diabetes increases the risk for HF and complicates its course, such that HF patients with DM had worse outcomes than those without DM.

• #67 Hypertension and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment considerations | Journal of Human Hypertension

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-022-00751-4

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10-15% worldwide. […] The proportion of deaths due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death increase with progression of chronic kidney disease with relatively fewer deaths from atheromatous processes. […] This phenomenon can largely be explained by the increased prevalence of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy with worsening kidney function. […] While these features have predominantly been described in patients with advanced kidney disease on dialysis treatment, patients with only mild to moderate renal impairment already exhibit structural and functional changes consistent with CKD-associated cardiomyopathy. […] In this state-of-the-art review, we will discuss some of the key drivers of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy and the key role of hypertension in its pathogenesis, and evaluate existing, as well as developing therapies in the treatment of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy.

• #68 Hypertension and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment considerations | Journal of Human Hypertension

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-022-00751-4

  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10-15% worldwide. […] The proportion of deaths due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death increase with progression of chronic kidney disease with relatively fewer deaths from atheromatous processes. […] This phenomenon can largely be explained by the increased prevalence of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy with worsening kidney function. […] While these features have predominantly been described in patients with advanced kidney disease on dialysis treatment, patients with only mild to moderate renal impairment already exhibit structural and functional changes consistent with CKD-associated cardiomyopathy. […] In this state-of-the-art review, we will discuss some of the key drivers of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy and the key role of hypertension in its pathogenesis, and evaluate existing, as well as developing therapies in the treatment of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy.

• #69 Hypertension and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment considerations | Journal of Human Hypertension

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-022-00751-4

  The concept of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy first appeared in the 1980s following reports of common abnormalities in cardiac structure and function in patients with CKD and KFRT. […] CKD-associated cardiomyopathy is characterised by structural remodelling of the heart. […] Recent imaging studies confirm that increased LV mass and LVH are common manifestations of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy. […] The presence of LVH has also been associated with the risk of development of systolic dysfunction in hypertensive subjects. […] The pathogenesis of CKD-associated cardiomyopathy is likely to be multifactorial but can broadly be divided into three categories: Increased afterload, Increased preload, Intrinsic factors not directly to afterload or preload. […] Given that CKD-associated cardiomyopathy, and its individual components, are powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD and KFRT, targeting the mechanisms involved seems a practical approach to improve outcomes.

• #70 Cardiomyopathy « International Guideline Harmonization Group

  https://www.ighg.org/guidelines/topics/cardiomyopathy/

  Childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer survivors treated with anthracycline chemotherapy and/or radiation to fields that include the heart have an increased risk of cardiomyopathy. […] Because of this high risk survivors may benefit from surveillance.

• #71 Cardiac surveillance for anti-HER2 chemotherapy | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/2/110

  Surveillance of left ventricular function, part of current US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) chemotherapy, is based on historical data involving patients who received concomitant anthracycline therapy, a key enhancer of cardiac risk. […] More recent anti-HER2 treatment data suggest that cardiotoxicity detected by screening is rare and usually benign for patients who do not have cardiovascular risk factors and are not taking an anthracycline. […] Current FDA recommendations regarding the frequency of surveillance of left ventricular function with anti-HER2 therapy are conservatively based on historical data involving patients receiving concomitant anthracycline therapy. […] These findings prompted the FDA to issue a stern package-insert warning of cardiomyopathy for anti-HER2 treatments, and recommendations for cardiac surveillance.

• #72 Cardiac surveillance for anti-HER2 chemotherapy | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/2/110

  Although the risk of cardiac dysfunction from anti-HER2 therapy now appears low, the FDA package-insert warning and recommendations remain. […] Strategies to prevent or attenuate cardiotoxicities include participation in cardiooncology programs (particularly for symptomatic or high-risk patients being considered for anti-HER2 treatment, including anyone with baseline low LVEF), early recognition of cardiac side effects, active cardiac surveillance, and cardioprotective medical therapy. […] We suggest a more focused cardiac surveillance approach to low-risk, asymptomatic patients receiving anti-HER2 treatment.

• #73 A nationwide framework for surveillance of cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases

  https://www.healthpartners.com/knowledgeexchange/display/document-rn26836

  Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, are common and costly, yet they also are among the most preventable health problems. […] Currently, surveillance data are collected from a variety of sources, often with beneficial results. […] But a critical link is missing: there is no surveillance system that operates on a national basis and in a coordinated manner to integrate current and emerging data on chronic diseases and generate timely guidance for stakeholders at the local, state, regional, and national levels. […] Specifically, the agencies asked the IOM to appoint a study committee to develop a framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. […] The agencies specified that the system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes.

• #74 A nationwide framework for surveillance of cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases

  https://www.healthpartners.com/knowledgeexchange/display/document-rn26836

  Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, are common and costly, yet they also are among the most preventable health problems. […] Currently, surveillance data are collected from a variety of sources, often with beneficial results. […] But a critical link is missing: there is no surveillance system that operates on a national basis and in a coordinated manner to integrate current and emerging data on chronic diseases and generate timely guidance for stakeholders at the local, state, regional, and national levels. […] Specifically, the agencies asked the IOM to appoint a study committee to develop a framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. […] The agencies specified that the system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes.

• #75 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary heart disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Its epidemiology has long been ignored due to lack of universal diagnostic criteria and studies on small samples, often limited to specific geographical areas. […] Recently, thanks to the first consensus on cardiomyopathies and the advent of the new imaging methods, further information on the epidemiology of this pathology have been identified. […] The epidemiology of this condition is quite complex, due to misdiagnosis, continuous reclassification and changing definitions. Furthermore, since investigations were performed on small populations in specific geographic areas and were not representative of the general population, epidemiological studies on DCM are affected by many limitations.

• #76 Understanding Cardiomyopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Types, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1180971

  The actual incidence of cardiomyopathy is potentially higher than what is recorded, due to its asymptomatic progression in a subset of patients, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis. […] The epidemiological statistic is steadily increasing and to which cardiomyopathy is a significant contributor, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] These estimates suggest a global prevalence of 510 cases per million children under 18 years old, with potential peak incidences that occur in infants under 1 year and adolescents. […] Cardiomyopathy is a complex cardiac condition with a multifactorial etiology, involving a range of interconnected risk factors that contribute to its development. […] Risk factors are diverse, and they serve as essential resources for clinicians, researchers, and public health professionals seeking to mitigate the impact on the development of cardiomyopathy.

• #77 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary heart disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Its epidemiology has long been ignored due to lack of universal diagnostic criteria and studies on small samples, often limited to specific geographical areas. […] Recently, thanks to the first consensus on cardiomyopathies and the advent of the new imaging methods, further information on the epidemiology of this pathology have been identified. […] The epidemiology of this condition is quite complex, due to misdiagnosis, continuous reclassification and changing definitions. Furthermore, since investigations were performed on small populations in specific geographic areas and were not representative of the general population, epidemiological studies on DCM are affected by many limitations.

• #78 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary heart disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Its epidemiology has long been ignored due to lack of universal diagnostic criteria and studies on small samples, often limited to specific geographical areas. […] Recently, thanks to the first consensus on cardiomyopathies and the advent of the new imaging methods, further information on the epidemiology of this pathology have been identified. […] The epidemiology of this condition is quite complex, due to misdiagnosis, continuous reclassification and changing definitions. Furthermore, since investigations were performed on small populations in specific geographic areas and were not representative of the general population, epidemiological studies on DCM are affected by many limitations.

• #79 Epidemiology – Dilated Cardiomyopathy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553847/

  Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary heart disease characterized by progressive dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. Its epidemiology has long been ignored due to lack of universal diagnostic criteria and studies on small samples, often limited to specific geographical areas. […] Recently, thanks to the first consensus on cardiomyopathies and the advent of the new imaging methods, further information on the epidemiology of this pathology have been identified. […] The epidemiology of this condition is quite complex, due to misdiagnosis, continuous reclassification and changing definitions. Furthermore, since investigations were performed on small populations in specific geographic areas and were not representative of the general population, epidemiological studies on DCM are affected by many limitations.

• #80 Cardiac amyloidosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/cardiac-amyloidosis-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-therapy

  Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is an underestimated cause of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Advances in cardiac imaging and improved awareness among physicians have facilitated the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis over the last decade. […] Published data on the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis are based mainly on single-centre studies or population registries. A recent study among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years in the USA showed an increase in both the incidence and prevalence rates of cardiac amyloidosis from 2000 to 2012. […] Data from the THAOS registry showed that ATTR amyloidosis primarily affects elderly men with a cardiac predominant phenotype. […] The prevalence of wild type (non-hereditary) ATTR amyloidosis increases with age with nearly all patients being 60 years of age. […] Cardiac amyloidosis is the dominant feature of wild-type ATTR.

• #81 Myocarditis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156330-overview

  The frequency of myocarditis is difficult to ascertain, owing to the wide variation of clinical presentation. Incidence is usually estimated at 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons, and it is higher in young men (and to some degree middle-aged women). Incidence of positive right ventricular biopsy findings in patients with suspected myocarditis is highly variable (range: 0-80%). According to estimates, as many as 1-5% of patients with acute viral infections may have involvement of the myocardium. […] The availability of CMRI has expanded the ability to detect myocarditis in patients who might otherwise not receive an EMB. Consequently, the reported incidence of myocarditis has risen from roughly 1-10 cases per 100,000 persons to around 9.5-14.4 cases per 100,000, paralleling CMRI’s more widespread use.

• #82 Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis | Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular J

  https://journal.houstonmethodist.org/articles/10.14797/mdcvj.1057

  The highest prevalence was noted among Black American women (178.5 per 100,000). […] Mortality also is reported as higher among women and Black Americans. […] Diagnosis of CS remains challenging as it requires a combination of clinical and radiological findings in addition to histologic evidence of noncaseating granulomas with exclusion of any other potential causes of such histologic findings. […] Diagnosis of CS is clinically challenging due to the lack of sensitivity or specificity of any modality in isolation. […] Advanced imaging techniques including CMR and FDG-PET are increasingly being used for diagnosis and guiding treatment in CS.

• #83 Cardiomyopathies Epidemiology Forecast, 2021-2031

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5632229/cardiomyopathies-epidemiology-forecast-2021-2031?srsltid=AfmBOoqeW3i4iAQ9m3weSwHNYzjmFY2yfh26vc6zEGbGfb1vat7D_ixB

  The epidemiology report provides additional clinically relevant segmentations for the diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies including subtype specific etiology. […] The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in cardiomyopathies. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies will increase from 2,268,240 cases in 2021 to 2,852,506 cases in 2031, at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 2.58% per year. […] The diagnosed prevalent cases of cardiomyopathies in the five major European markets (5EU) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK) will increase at an AGR of 1.43%, from 366,582 cases in 2021 to 419,183 cases in 2031. […] The publisher estimates that the US will have the highest number of cases of cardiomyopathies in 2031, with 2,385,118 cases at an AGR of 2.87%. […] Conversely, Japan will have the least number of cases by 2031, with 48,205 cases at a negative AGR of 0.10%.

• #84 Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Scientific Statement: Update on Device Based Therapies in Heart Failure

  https://hfsa.org/hf-stats-2024-heart-failure-epidemiology-and-outcomes-statistics

  The HF Stats 2024: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics provides an update to the inaugural 2023 HF Stats report and highlights several key findings that that the problem of heart failure is growing even more severe, particularly in younger populations, racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with multiple health conditions. […] Approximately 6.7 million Americans over 20 years of age have heart failure (HF), and the prevalence is expected to rise to 8.7 million in 2030, 10.3 million in 2040, and 11.4 million by 2050. […] The incidence and prevalence of HF is higher among Black individuals compared with other racial and ethnic groups. The prevalence of HF has increased among Black and Hispanic individuals over time. […] HF mortality rates have been increasing since 2012 with a more pronounced acceleration in 2020-2021. The age-adjusted HF mortality rates were higher in 2021 than in 1999. HF was a contributing cause in approximately 425,147 deaths and accounted for 45% of cardiovascular deaths in the US in 2021.

• #85 Cardiac amyloidosis: a changing epidemiology with open challenges

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/2574-1209.2021.106

  A stable prevalence of AL-CA has also been recently reported in Italy, with data from a single-center 20-year study from Florence including 654 CA patients and a multi-center 5-year Italian survey including 642 CA patients both showing an exponential increase in the number of ATTR-CA diagnoses following 2016. […] Both works demonstrated that 60%-70% of CA cases diagnosed in 2019 were in fact ATTRwt-CA, with only the remaining 20%-30% being AL-CA. […] Overall, the above evidence confirms that at least one out of ten patients with HFpEF, AS, or HCM diagnosed later in life might have an overlooked ATTR-CA, and systematic screening of patients with these conditions using bone scintigraphy has been proposed by experts. […] The changing epidemiology of ATTR-CA intersects with these evolving concepts in the epidemiology of HFpEF, AS, and HCM.

• #86 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Global, Regional, and National Burden of Myocarditis in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Updated Systematic Analysis

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e46635

  Senior citizens had high incident cases and deaths among both sexes in 2019. […] Policymakers should establish targeted control strategies based on gender, region, age, and SDI; strengthen aging-related health research; and take notice of the changes in the epidemic characteristics of myocarditis. […] The study estimated the global burden of myocarditis from 1990 to 2019 systematically and comprehensively, which indicated the progressive and prominent influence on public health due to myocarditis. […] The high incidence of myocarditis in high and high-middle SDI regions may be related to better health care infrastructure and medical resources, population aging, the introduction of highly sensitive troponin and CMRI examinations, and extensive use of ICIs and vaccines. […] The burden of myocarditis is a public health problem of widespread concern, particularly under the background of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines.

• #87 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Global, Regional, and National Burden of Myocarditis in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Updated Systematic Analysis

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e46635

  The ASRs of myocarditis were higher among males than among females from 1990 to 2019 globally. […] Senior citizens gradually predominated in terms of myocarditis burden. […] Targeted control strategies should be developed to reduce the high DALYs in infants and the increasing burden of myocarditis in the elderly population based on the diversity of myocarditis burden explicated in our study.

• #88

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10741-023-10377-4

  Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the most prevalent cause of heart failure (HF) in developed countries, with significant morbidity and mortality, despite constant improvements in the management of coronary artery disease. […] The prevalence of ICM is largely influenced by age and sex, with older individuals and males being more affected. […] Despite improvements in therapy, ICM still represents a public health burden, with a 1-year mortality rate of 16% and a 5-year mortality rate of approximately 40% in the USA and Europe. […] Therefore, optimization of cardiovascular function, prevention of progressive remodeling, reduction of HF symptoms, and improved survival are the main goals of treatment. […] Personalized management strategies and tailored patient care are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with ICM.

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