Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Japanese Encephalitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Japanese Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/japanese-encephalitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/index.html

  In persons who develop symptoms of Japanese encephalitis, the time from infection until illness onset (incubation period) is typically 5-15 days. […] Initial symptoms often include fever, headache, and vomiting. […] Disorientation, weakness, and coma might develop over the next few days. […] Seizures are common, especially among children. […] Most people (more than 99%) infected with Japanese encephalitis virus do not have symptoms or have only mild symptoms. […] Less than 1% of people infected with Japanese encephalitis virus develop neurologic illness. Among patients who develop encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), about 1 in 4 (20-30%) die. […] Although some symptoms improve after the acute illness, 30%-50% of patients who develop encephalitis and survive continue to have movement, thinking, or behavioral symptoms.

• #2

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/japanese_encephalitis.aspx

  Most people who get Japanese encephalitis do not have any symptoms. If you get symptoms, they can appear 5 to 15 days after getting bitten by infected mosquitoes. […] Some people may get symptoms such as: fever, headache, vomiting. […] People with a severe infection (1 in every 250 people) may get symptoms such as: neck stiffness, disorientation, tremors, coma, seizures, paralysis. […] Among those who get a serious illness, some may have lifelong neurological complications or even death.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis

  Most JEV infections are mild (fever and headache) or without apparent symptoms, but approximately 1 in 250 infections results in severe clinical illness. The incubation period is 414 days. In children, gastrointestinal pain and vomiting may be the dominant initial symptoms. Severe disease is characterized by rapid onset of high fever, headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, seizures, spastic paralysis and ultimately death. The case fatality rate can be as high as 30% among those with disease symptoms. Of those who survive, 2030% suffer permanent cognitive, behavioural or neurological sequelae such as seizures, hearing or vision loss, speech, language, memory, and communication problems or weakness of the limbs. […] Encephalitis is a medical emergency and requires urgent medical attention. There is no antiviral treatment for patients with JE. Treatment is supportive and includes stabilization and relief of symptoms.

• #4 Japanese encephalitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis

  Japanese encephalitis Other names Japanese B encephalitis The geographic distribution of Japanese encephalitis (dark green) Specialty Infectious disease Symptoms Headache, fever, vomiting, confusion, seizures Usual onset 5 to 15 days after infection Causes Japanese encephalitis virus (spread by mosquitoes) Diagnostic method Blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing Prevention Japanese encephalitis vaccine, avoiding mosquito bites Treatment Supportive care Prognosis Permanent neurological problems occur in up to half of survivors. […] Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection. […] The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has an incubation period of 2 to 26 days. The vast majority of infections are asymptomatic. Only 1 in 250 infections develop into encephalitis.

• #5 Japanese Encephalitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470423/

  Japanese encephalitis is the most common preventable cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in Asia, Australia, and the western Pacific. While the vast majority of infections are asymptomatic, those who do develop symptoms of encephalitis suffer significant morbidity and mortality. Symptomatic patients develop a high fever, headache, disorientation, coma, tremors and mental status changes due to cerebral inflammation. Movement disorders, neurologic deficits, and seizures are common, particularly in children. Approximately one in four symptomatic cases are fatal. […] Most infected individuals will provide a history of mosquito exposure in an endemic area. The incubation period averages 6 to 8 days but ranges from 4 to 15 days. There is often a prodromal period of nonspecific symptoms of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgias which may last for several days. Symptoms then progress to encephalitis, which is the most common neurologic manifestation. Symptoms may include altered mental status, agitation, confusion, and psychosis. A headache and meningismus are frequently reported in adults while children often develop seizures. More unusual presentations include mutism and flaccid paralysis. As the disease progresses, patients may develop dystonia, choreoathetoid movements that mimic extrapyramidal symptoms of Parkinson disease.

• #6 Japanese encephalitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/japanese-encephalitis

  Symptoms usually develop 5 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. […] Most people with Japanese encephalitis virus infection do not have symptoms or have only mild symptoms. A small number (about one in every 250 people) develop severe infection of the brain (encephalitis). […] Some people may have symptoms such as: fever, headache, vomiting. […] People with severe infection may develop symptoms such as: severe headache, neck or back stiffness, sensitivity to light, confusion, seizures, paralysis, coma. […] Encephalitis may lead to death or permanent disability. […] Anyone experiencing these symptoms should seek urgent medical attention.

• #7 Japanese encephalitis | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/viral-infections/japanese-encephalitis

  The majority of people (about 99%) infected with JEV have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Those that do develop symptoms may experience a fever and headache, or abdominal pain and vomiting in children. Severe disease may be characterised by an acute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), with sudden onset of high fever and chills, severe headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, convulsions, paralysis, and coma. Of these severe cases, approximately one-third die, and one-third are left with permanent disabilities.

• #8 Japanese encephalitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis

  Severe rigors may mark the onset of this disease in humans. Fever, headache, and malaise are other non-specific symptoms of this disease which may last for a period of between 1 and 6 days. Signs that develop during the acute encephalitic stage include neck rigidity, cachexia, hemiparesis, convulsions, and a raised body temperature between 38-41 C (100.4-105.8 F). The mortality rate of the disease is around 25% and is generally higher in children under five, the immuno-suppressed, and the elderly. Transplacental spread has been noted. Neurological disorders develop in 40% of those who survive with lifelong neurological defects such as deafness, emotional lability and hemiparesis occurring in those who had central nervous system involvement.

• #9 Early Signs of Brain Inflammation Due to Japanese Encephalitis – Nima Pharmacy

  https://www.nimapharmacy.co.uk/early-signs-of-brain-inflammation-due-to-japanese-encephalitis/

  Recognizing the early signs of Japanese Encephalitis is important for timely treatment. Here are some early symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis that you should not miss to watch out for: […] A sudden high fever is often the first sign. This can be easily mistaken for a common cold or flu, but if you’ve been in an area where Japanese Encephalitis is prevalent, it’s important to consider it as a possibility. […] Persistent headaches are another early symptom. The headache might start mild but can become more severe over time. […] Nausea and vomiting can accompany the fever and headache. This is due to the body’s reaction to the infection. […] General weakness and fatigue are common. You might feel unusually tired and unable to perform daily activities. […] Some people develop photophobia, a sensitivity to light, which can cause discomfort or pain in the eyes.

• #10 Japanese encephalitis | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/diseases/japanese-encephalitis

  Most cases of Japanese encephalitis in people are asymptomatic, however those with severe infection may experience: neck stiffness, coma, and more rarely, permanent neurological complications or death. […] Encephalitis is the most serious clinical consequence of a JEV infection. […] Illness usually begins with symptoms such as: sudden onset of fever, headache, vomiting. […] If you believe you may be infected with the JEV, seek urgent medical assistance.

• #11 Japanese Encephalitis Symptoms: First Signs When You Might Be Having Encephalitis Symptoms

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/japanese-encephalitis-symptoms

  In Japanese encephalitis, people are having feeling of nausea as one of the sign associated with it. This symptom is non-specific and occurs because of any underlying medical condition of body. A feeling of voluntary or involuntary removal of content of stomach is commonly occurring in viral infections like flu, Japanese encephalitis etc. People suffering from viral infections like Japanese encephalitis and stomach flu are commonly experience nausea and vomiting type of symptoms; indicating severe disease condition if lasts for more than 3 days and recurring at high frequencies. […] As many people are encountering nausea (feeling of vomiting) in this disease, vomiting is also noted as incident in Japanese encephalitis. In vomiting, there is a forcefully withdrawal of content present in stomach is happening. Nausea is feeling of vomiting but it is not always leads to vomit whereas vomiting is an action of throwing up the content from food. These both symptoms are interconnected and if observed with high fever and headache, muscular weakness etc. like symptoms then it should be informed to doctor.

• #12 Encephalitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encephalitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356136

  Encephalitis may cause many different symptoms including confusion, personality changes, seizures or trouble with movement. Encephalitis also may cause changes in sight or hearing. […] Most people with infectious encephalitis have flu-like symptoms, such as: Headache. Fever. Aches in muscles or joints. Fatigue or weakness. […] Typically, these are followed by more-serious symptoms over a period of hours to days, such as: Stiff neck. Confusion, agitation or hallucinations. Seizures. Loss of feeling or being unable to move certain areas of the face or body. Irregular movements. Muscle weakness. Trouble with speech or hearing. Loss of consciousness, including coma. […] In infants and young children, symptoms also might include: Bulging of the soft spots of an infant’s skull. Nausea and vomiting. Stiffness affecting the whole body. Poor feeding or not waking for a feeding. Irritability.

• #13 Japanese encephalitis | Wanda

  https://www.wanda.be/en/a-z-index/japanese-encephalitis

  Disease symptoms can occur five to fifteen days after the infection: fever, muscle aches, headaches. […] In most people the disease is mild, and the symptoms heal within a few days. A minority develop neurological symptoms with cerebral infections or meningitis. In that case there is a high risk of permanent residual injuries or even death.

• #14 Japanese encephalitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/japanese-encephalitis/

  Most people who get Japanese encephalitis have no symptoms. […] Some people get flu-like symptoms such as: a headache, a high temperature, feeling or being sick, tummy pain. […] The symptoms usually go away on their own, but in some people the infection spreads to the brain and causes more serious symptoms such as: a severe headache, feeling confused, not being able to feel or move parts of your body (paralysis), seizures (fits). […] Get medical advice quickly if you have Japanese encephalitis symptoms while you’re travelling. […] Japanese encephalitis can sometimes cause long-term complications such as paralysis, seizures, and loss of speech.

• #15 Japanese encephalitis: a review of the Indian perspective | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://www.bjid.org.br/en-japanese-encephalitis-review-indian-perspective-articulo-S1413867012002073

  Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia, with around 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths per year in children below 15 years of age. […] Case fatality averages 30% and a high percentage of the survivors are left with permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae. […] Approximately one third of patients die, and half of the survivors suffer severe neuropsychiatric sequelae from the disease. […] The first signs of infection appear after an incubation period between six and 14 days. It usually starts with a fever above 38 C, chills, muscle pain, and meningitis-type headaches accompanied by vomiting. The initial presentation in children usually begins with gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains similar to those found in an acute abdominal syndrome.

• #16 Japanese encephalitis – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/japanese+encephalitis/japanese+encephalitis+-+including+symptoms%2C+treatment+and+prevention

  Japanese encephalitis is a rare but serious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus. […] Most people with Japanese encephalitis virus infection do not experience any illness. There may be mild symptoms such as fever and headache. […] A small proportion will have encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). This may begin with symptoms such as: tiredness, fever and headache, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. […] Confusion, unusual behaviour, sleepiness, seizures, weakness, and abnormal movements may develop. Encephalitis can cause permanent damage to the nervous system or death. […] Symptoms, if they occur, usually develop 5 to 15 days after being bitten by infected mosquitoes.

• #17 Japanese Encephalitis – PrognoHealth – Corporate Health & Wellness Specialist

  https://prognohealth.com/japanese-encephalitis/

  Symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis can range from mild to severe and can appear 5 to 15 days after infection. Mild symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. More severe symptoms include high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, seizures, comas, and in some cases, death. […] Patients with mild symptoms usually recover with minimal treatment, while patients with severe symptoms may require hospitalization and intensive care. Treatment may include medications to control fever and seizures, as well as physical and occupational therapy to help with any neurological or cognitive impairments that may occur.

• #18 Japanese encephalitis clinical update: Changing diseases under a changing climate

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/may/japanese-encephalitis-clinical-update

  Since the start of 2021, 45 symptomatic human cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have now been identified in New South Wales, the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria, including seven deaths. […] The early clinical phase usually begins with a non-specific febrile illness lasting several days, involving coryza, gastrointestinal symptoms and sometimes a rash. The onset of neurological symptoms may be abrupt and progress rapidly. Symptoms include headache, irritability, agitation, confusion, drowsiness and coma. […] Disordered movement is a characteristic feature of JE. Parkinsonian features (mask-like facies, cogwheel rigidity and pill-rolling tremor) may be present, as well as generalised rigidity, dystonias and choreoathetosis. Acute flaccid paralysis may also occur.

• #19

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/japaneseencephalitis/?locale=en

  Most people who get Japanese encephalitis have no symptoms. […] Some people get flu-like symptoms such as: a headache, a high temperature, feeling or being sick, tummy pain. […] The symptoms usually go away on their own, but in some people the infection spreads to the brain and causes more serious symptoms such as: a severe headache, feeling confused, not being able to feel or move parts of your body (paralysis), seizures (fits). […] Get medical advice quickly if you have Japanese encephalitis symptoms while you’re travelling. […] You’ll need to be treated in hospital if you’re seriously unwell because Japanese encephalitis can be life-threatening. […] Japanese encephalitis can sometimes cause long-term complications such as paralysis, seizures, and loss of speech.

• #20 Centre for Health Protection – Japanese Encephalitis

  https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/28.html

  Most infections occur without apparent symptoms or with mild symptoms such as fever and headache. […] More severe infection is characterised by rapid onset of headache, high fever, neck stiffness, impaired mental state, coma, convulsions (especially in children), spastic paralysis and even death. […] Symptoms usually start around 4 to 14 days after being infected. […] The case-fatality rate can be as high as 30% among those with symptoms. Of those who survive, 20% to 30% suffer permanent intellectual, behavioural or neurological problems such as paralysis, recurrent seizures or inability to speak.

• #21 Japanese encephalitis clinical update: Changing diseases under a changing climate

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/may/japanese-encephalitis-clinical-update

  Seizures are especially frequent in children, occurring in up to 85% of cases (compared with 10% in adult cases). Seizures can be focal or generalised. Persistent seizure activity is an indicator of raised intracranial pressure and is associated with poor outcomes. […] The average reported case fatality for JE is 18%, but estimates vary from 5% to 50%. Approximately half of those who survive experience permanent neurological deficits, including physical, psychological and cognitive impairments.

• #22 Japanese Encephalitis Symptoms: First Signs When You Might Be Having Encephalitis Symptoms

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/japanese-encephalitis-symptoms

  When the body of a person is working normal and in healthy condition, its temperature will remain in normal range of 98.6 degree Fahrenheit. But in infection of any virus, bacteria or others can rise the temperature of body upto 103-104 degree Fahrenheit. Japanese encephalitis is also causing high fever that is observed from very first day of infection. Once a person experiences high fever and headache for more than 3 days, then it must be informed to medical professional. […] This viral infection is damaging the membrane present in around the brain and leads to difficulty or inability to control the peripheral muscles. A condition of involuntary, uncontrollable rhythmic contraction of one or more parts of body leading to shaking movements is called as tremors. Tremors can persist for some time without any break in between and it can last for constant time in many cases. If a person is experiencing shaking movements of hands, arms, legs, and torso and also suffering from viral infection, he or she should consult the doctor for further investigation about the condition because it is one of the severe symptoms of Japanese encephalitis.

• #23 Symptoms of Japanese encephalitis – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/japanese-encephalitis/symptoms-japanese-encephalitis.html

  Symptoms can take between 5 and 15 days to appear. It is common for most people to show no symptoms. […] Less than 1% of infected people develop encephalitis (brain swelling), which is fatal in about 20% to 30% of these cases. […] In severe cases, symptoms usually appear suddenly, starting with: fever, vomiting, headaches. […] Symptoms may also include: coma, seizures, stiff neck, confusion, general weakness, movement disorders, mental or behaviour changes, paralysis (being unable to move), possible long-term nerve and brain damage.

• #24 Clinical Characteristics of Severe Japanese Encephalitis: A Case Series from South Korea

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5544099/

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a major cause of devastating viral encephalitis, especially in Asia. The most common symptoms and signs were fever (94.1%), altered consciousness (94.1%), and headache (80.2%). Hyporeflexia (47.1%), seizures (35.2%), abnormal brainstem reflex (23.5%), and flaccid weakness (17.6%) were also noted. After a short, nonspecific prodrome, patients typically present with fever, altered sensorium, headache, and seizures. Clinical manifestations also include flaccid paralysis and parkinsonian movement disorders. The median time from symptom onset to initial hospital visit was 3.5 days (range, 1-13); five patients were referred from other hospitals. The specific manifestation of altered mental status was confusion in four (25%), stupor in four (25%), and coma in eight (50%), and the median GCS score was 8 (range, 3-15) at the time of admission. Seizures occurred in six (35.2%) patients: generalized tonic-clonic seizure in all patients, simple partial seizure in one, and complex partial seizure in one patient. All but one (94.1%) of the patients with JE required management in the intensive care unit (ICU), including mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy, mainly for deteriorating consciousness and consequent respiratory failure. The clinical course of neurological deterioration was fulminant; the median time from symptom onset to nadir was 5 days (range, 3-17 days), and the median GCS score at the nadir was 3 (range, 3-8). The 11 (64.7%) patients with poor outcome were bedridden (i.e., mRS score 5) and remained ventilator-dependent. In univariate analysis, the factors related with poor outcomes included midbrain-involving lesions on MRI (P = 0.028) and rapid neurological progression to nadir (P = 0.005). Severe and rapid consciousness deterioration is a common clinical course during the acute phase of JE.

• #25 Encephalitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encephalitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356136

  One of the major signs of encephalitis in infants is a bulging of the soft spot, also known as the fontanel, of the baby’s skull. […] In autoimmune encephalitis, symptoms may develop more slowly over several weeks. Flu-like symptoms are less common but can sometimes happen weeks before more-serious symptoms start. Symptoms are different for everyone, but it’s common for people to have a combination of symptoms, including: Changes in personality. Memory loss. Trouble understanding what is real and what is not, known as psychosis. Seeing or hearing things that aren’t there, known as hallucinations. Seizures. Changes in vision. Sleep problems. Muscle weakness. Loss of sensation. Trouble walking. Irregular movements. Bladder and bowel symptoms.

• #26 Early Signs of Brain Inflammation Due to Japanese Encephalitis – Nima Pharmacy

  https://www.nimapharmacy.co.uk/early-signs-of-brain-inflammation-due-to-japanese-encephalitis/

  As the infection progresses, it can affect the brain, leading to confusion and disorientation. […] If not treated promptly, the symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis can worsen. Severe cases might lead to more serious neurological issues, including: […] Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain can cause convulsions. […] In extreme cases, the person might lose consciousness and enter a coma. […] Long-term effects can include memory loss, personality changes and physical disabilities.

• #27 Japanese Encephalitis: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention – Montreal & TorontoTravel & Vaccination Clinics

  https://cliniquevoyageur.ca/travel-vaccines/japanese-encephalitis/

  In most cases, a patient diagnosed with this disease will be admitted to a hospital. While in hospital, they will be closely monitored in order to detect any signs of complications. Additionally, their fluid and oxygen levels will be kept at an optimal level through the use of different techniques. There are also some medications that can be given to a patient to help reduce fever, inflammation, pain and other symptoms associated with this infectious disease.

• #27 Japanese Encephalitis: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention – Montreal & TorontoTravel & Vaccination Clinics

  https://cliniquevoyageur.ca/travel-vaccines/japanese-encephalitis/

  Japanese encephalitis is disease transmitted through the bite of a contaminated mosquito. This infection can potentially be severe. The first symptoms usually appear 5 to 10 days after the infecting bite. They typically include a fever, headaches, vomiting, confusion and moving difficulties. In some cases, the victims of Japanese encephalitis develop more serious symptoms, such as swelling around the brain and coma, which can lead to death. […] If you feel sick after traveling in Asia and you think that you may be infected with Japanese encephalitis, consult a doctor as soon as possible. Inform him/her of the areas you visited and of your activities there. Acetaminophen is often prescribed to reduce fever and pain. […] No cure or particularly effective treatments have been identified for Japanese Encephalitis. There are, however, certain treatment protocols that have been suggested in order to help a patients body fight off the virus that causes this viral infection and to reduce the severity of the symptoms during the course of the infection.

• #28 Japanese encephalitis: a review of the Indian perspective | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://www.bjid.org.br/en-japanese-encephalitis-review-indian-perspective-articulo-S1413867012002073

  These may include confusion, paralysis, Parkinsonian movement disorders, abnormal posturing, seizures, and coma. […] Fatality is observed in 20 to 30% of the cases, with signs of acute cerebral edema or severe respiratory distress from pulmonary edema. […] Recovery usually leaves serious behavioral and neurological sequelae, most notably persistently altered sensorium, extrapyramidal syndrome, epileptic seizures, and severe mental retardation in children. […] The course of disease may be divided into four stages. The first is the prodromal stage, which is characterized by an abrupt onset of high fever accompanied by headache, with non-specific symptoms including malaise, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. The second is acute stage, which includes changes in the level of consciousness ranging from mild clouding to stupors, semi-coma, or coma. Generalized or focal convulsions are common, with neck stiffness and weakness of extremities. In this stage, fatal cases progress rapidly and die. The third is a late stage characterized by defervescence with improved neurologic sequelae in uncomplicated cases. The last stage is the sequelae phase, which includes complete recovery in mild cases, while severe cases also improve, but are left with neurological deficits.

• #29 Japanese Encephalitis Virus – Creative Diagnostics

  https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/Japanese-Encephalitis-Virus.htm

  Mild symptoms. Patients remain conscious, but with cachexia in different degrees. Usually with no convulsions except several child patient caused by high fever. The temperature of the patient could between 38~39. Most mild symptom patient recovery within one week. The infection usually need CSF or serological test to confirm. […] Common symptoms. Patients with conscious disturbance such as lethargy or mild coma, abdominal reflex and cremasteric reflex disappearing, may have sort term convulsion. The temperature of the patient could be about 40 last for 10 day, no sequela. […] Severe symptom. The temperature keep above 40, patients become unconscious and with repeated or continuous convulsion. Usually have localizing symptom and sign. Central respiratory failure could also appear. The progress could last for more than two weeks. Patients could have mental disorder and paralysis among recovery phase, some would have sequela after recovery. […] Burst symptom. The temperature rising quickly, patient become high or over fever, and with repeated or continuous strong convulsion. Could be die due to the respiratory failure if not rescue in time. Survival usually suffer serious sequela.

• #30 About Japanese Encephalitis | Japanese Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/japanese-encephalitis/about/index.html

  Most people with Japanese encephalitis do not have symptoms or have only mild symptoms. […] Some people develop inflammation of the brain, with symptoms including headache, fever, disorientation, seizures, weakness, and coma. […] However, a small percentage of infected people develop inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), with symptoms including headache, fever, disorientation, seizures, weakness, and coma. Among patients who develop encephalitis, about 1 in 4 (2030%) die.

• #31 Questions and answers about Japanese encephalitis | Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access | PATH

  https://www.path.org/who-we-are/programs/center-for-vaccine-innovation-and-access/questions-and-answers-about-japanese-encephalitis/

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an inflammation of the brain caused by the JE virus, which is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. JE kills up to 30 percent of those who develop the disease, mostly children. Among survivors, half are left with permanent brain damage, such as paralysis, seizures, inability to speak, memory loss, impaired cognition, and other mental disorders. […] The illness usually begins just like the flu, with high fever, chills, tiredness, severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. In the early stages, people can be confused, agitated, or unusually sleepy. The illness can progress to a serious infection of the brain, which can cause seizures or leave people semiconscious, comatose, or unresponsive. […] Up to 30 percent of people who get JE die, but the disease extracts a heavy, and perhaps less recognized, toll on its survivors, too. Roughly 70 percent of children with JE either die or suffer from disabilities that will affect them for the rest of their lives, including intellectual, behavioral, or neurological problems such as paralysis, recurrent seizures, or the inability to speak. Up to half of all survivors are left with these kinds of disabilities.

• #32 Japanese encephalitis: Symptoms, treatment, transmission, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181418

  A person with Japanese encephalitis will probably have no symptoms at all, but if there are symptoms, they will appear 5 to 15 days after being infected. […] A person with mild Japanese encephalitis might only develop a fever and a headache, but in more severe cases, more serious symptoms can develop quickly. […] Possible symptoms include: a headache, high fever, tremors, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, spastic paralysis. […] A person might also undergo changes to brain function, including: stupor, disorientation, coma, convulsions in children. […] The brain symptoms of Japanese encephalitis can cause lifelong complications, such as deafness, uncontrollable emotions, and weakness on one side of the body. […] The chance of surviving the disease varies, but children face the highest risk of fatal consequences.

• #33 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Japanese-Encephalitis.aspx

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a dangerous form of brain inflammation caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is common in Asia and the West Pacific territories. […] The symptoms of encephalitis include headache, high fever, disorientation, coma, tremors and seizures. The mortality of JE is about 25% in people with encephalitis symptoms. […] Permanent disability in the form of brain or mental instability is found in 30-50%. Survivors may be unable to speak, suffer recurrent seizures, be paralyzed or be impaired intellectually or behaviorally.

• #34 Encephalitis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6058-encephalitis

  Viral encephalitis causes fatigue, fever, and aches, while autoimmune encephalitis triggers severe neurological symptoms. […] Symptoms vary depending on the type of encephalitis. Encephalitis from infections typically develop more quickly than autoimmune encephalitis. Early warning signs of infective encephalitis include: Confusion, Drowsiness, Fatigue, Headache, High fever, Loss of consciousness, Mild to moderate neck stiffness, Nausea and vomiting, Seizure. […] Autoimmune encephalitis develops more slowly. It can cause some of the same symptoms as infective encephalitis. But it also causes neurological symptoms like: Memory issues, Noticeable personality changes, like being very angry for no reason, Speech issues, Weakness or loss of movement in some parts of your body. […] Infective and autoimmune encephalitis may be life-threatening. CALL 911 IF YOU HAVE THESE SYMPTOMS OR ARE WITH SOMEONE WHO HAS THESE SYMPTOMS.

• #35 What Are The Japanese Encephalitis Symptoms In Adults?

  https://www.touchwoodpharmacy.com/what-are-the-japanese-encephalitis-symptoms-in-adults/

  Most infections cause little to no symptoms. Of those who are symptomatic, the symptoms are similar to the flu or a cold and will start within 5-15 days of the initial infection. Symptoms can include: […] If the disease becomes more advanced, neurological and movement disorders will occur. People may find themselves having trouble speaking and feeling weak and confused. Other serious signs and symptoms include: […] Of those who develop these more serious symptoms, 20-30% will not survive. Up to half of the people who recover from more severe cases of JE will have lifelong neurological cognitive and psychiatric complications.

• #36 Encephalitis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6058-encephalitis

  You may have encephalitis symptoms for a few days up to two or three months. It can take an additional two or three months to completely recover from the condition. […] Medication to treat underlying conditions, like viruses, may cure encephalitis. In some cases, however, encephalitis may cause long-term issues that require ongoing medical care. For example, people may have ongoing issues with behavior, memory loss or speech.

• #37

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/japanese-encephalitis

  Those who have lived through encephalitis often have health-care needs requiring long-term treatment and care including rehabilitation. The ongoing psychosocial impacts of disability from encephalitis can have medical, educational, social and human rights-based implications. Despite the high burden of sequelae on people with encephalitis, their families and the community, access to both services and support for these conditions is often insufficient, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Individuals and families with members disabled by encephalitis should be encouraged to seek services and guidance from local and national Organizations of Disabled People (ODPs) and other disability focused organizations, which can provide vital advice about legal rights, economic opportunities and social engagement to ensure people disabled by encephalitis are able to live full and rewarding lives.

• #38 Japanese encephalitis

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/J_M/Japanese-encephalitis

  Most people infected with JEV do not develop symptoms. However, in rare cases (less than 1% of infected people) encephalitis (swelling of the brain) may develop which can lead to death or long-term damage to the nervous system. Signs and symptoms of severe JE include headache, fever, convulsions, decreased consciousness (becoming drowsy or unresponsive), and disorders of the muscles, including paralysis. […] Children under the age of 5 years and older people who are infected with JEV are at a higher risk of developing more severe illness, such as encephalitis. Infection during pregnancy can result in an increased risk of miscarriage and other complications. […] The incubation period (i.e. the time from being bitten by an infected mosquito to developing symptoms to the disease) in humans is from 5 to 15 days.

• #39 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug InformationLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607019.html

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus. […] Most people infected with JE virus don’t have any symptoms. Others might have symptoms as mild as a fever and headache, or as serious as encephalitis (brain infection). A person with encephalitis can experience fever, neck stiffness, seizures, and coma. About 1 person in 4 with encephalitis dies. Up to half of those who don’t die have permanent disability. […] It is believed that infection in a pregnant woman could harm her unborn baby.

• #40 Travel Health Service Japanese Encephalitits

  https://www.travelhealth.gov.hk/english/travel_related_diseases/jap_encephalitis.html

  Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus. The incubation period is about 4-14 days. Mild infections may occur without apparent symptoms other than fever with headache. More severe infection is marked by quick onset of headache, high fever, neck stiffness, impaired mental state, coma, tremors, occasional convulsions (especially in children) and paralysis. The case-fatality rate can be as high as 30% among those with symptoms. Of those who survive, 20-30% may have neurological consequences. […] There is no specific treatment for this disease. The mainstay of treatment is supportive.

• #41

  https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/japanese-encephalitis

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease characterized by inflammation (swelling) of the brain. Most infections display mild symptoms, such as fever and headache, or without apparent symptoms at all. In severe cases, symptoms include rapid onset of high fever, headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, and sometimes seizures, paralysis and coma. JE is fatal in up to 30% of cases. Among survivors, up to 30-50% have long-term neurologic sequelae. […] There is no specific treatment for JE. Severe illnesses are treated by supportive therapy to relieve symptoms and stabilize the patient.

• #42 Signs & Symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis | Travelvax

  http://www.travelvax.com.au/latest-news/signs-symptoms-japanese-encephalitis

  While there is no specific treatment for Japanese Encephalitis virus infections, health providers aim to reduce the severity of the symptoms. This may include hospitalisation and medication. […] The fact that Japanese encephalitis was unknown in Australia’s south and east, and the symptoms it can cause in babies, toddlers and children may be mistaken for other diseases, was no comfort for the parents of a baby who contracted the disease in January, before authorities were aware the virus had travelled south. […] Baby Sam (four months) from Victoria (3) was hospitalised with severe symptoms and suspected viral meningitis. He underwent a lumbar puncture, followed by a 10-day course of antiviral medication, plus another to treat seizures. While Sam was receiving treatment in ICU, testing confirmed Japanese Encephalitis virus disease. He’s now recovering but has lost weight and muscle strength and needs ongoing physiotherapy.

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