Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #2 Hiccup – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiccup

  A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] An episode lasting more than a few minutes is termed a bout; a bout of over 48 hours is termed persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than a month are termed intractable. […] Episodes of hiccups usually last under 30 minutes. Prolonged attacks, while rare, can be serious. Root causes of prolonged hiccups episodes are difficult to diagnose.

• #3 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #4 Hiccup – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiccup

  A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] An episode lasting more than a few minutes is termed a bout; a bout of over 48 hours is termed persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than a month are termed intractable. […] Episodes of hiccups usually last under 30 minutes. Prolonged attacks, while rare, can be serious. Root causes of prolonged hiccups episodes are difficult to diagnose.

• #5 Hiccups Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/hiccups

  Hiccups present as an involuntary spasm of the diaphragm that is repetitive. The interval between two hiccups is usually 0.5 to 1 second. In the majority of the cases, this time interval remains the same until hiccups are over. Hiccups with a brief time interval can limit your ability to have a fluent conversation, eat food, or drink beverages until they are resolved. Minor tremors may accompany them in the chest, shoulders, or abdominal cavity. Long-term or chronic hiccups can be a symptom of other underlying diseases for which other suspected body systems will have to be examined. Severe bouts of hiccups may also lead to difficulty breathing and pain in the chest or abdominal cavity. […] The overall prognosis of hiccups is good. Maximum cases will resolve within a few minutes if caused by any physiological factor. The use of the above-mentioned home remedies can also help limit the duration of hiccups. Long-term hiccups can be treated well with medications but will require an examination of other organs or systems that may be suspected as an underlying cause. Only very rare cases of chronic hiccups have been reported, leading to other serious complications of the chest or abdominal cavity.

• #6 Hiccups – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiccups

  Hiccups are a common and usually transient condition affecting almost everyone during their lifetime. A hiccup is also known as a „hiccough” and as a „singultus” from the Latin „singult,” meaning a „gasp” or „sob.” […] While brief bouts of hiccups lasting less than 48 hours are common, little is known about the overall incidence and prevalence of prolonged hiccups in the general population. However, among patients with advanced cancer, a systematic review found that 1 to 9 percent had persistent or intractable hiccups. […] A hiccup occurs due to an involuntary, intermittent, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. This causes sudden inspiration that ends with abrupt closure of the glottis, generating the „hic” sound. The left hemidiaphragm is involved in approximately 80 percent of cases. Hiccups often occur at a frequency of 4 to 60 per minute; the frequency remains relatively constant in a given individual.

• #7 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  The particular mechanism that provokes the occurrence of hiccups is still unknown. […] A hiccup involves a unilateral contraction of the left half of the diaphragm, also known as the left hemidiaphragm in roughly 80 percent of reported cases. […] Whether hiccups play a physiological role in the human body is still unclear, although some experts believe that in utero, hiccups may form a part of programmed exercise to develop the inspiratory muscles necessary for breathing in the unborn baby. […] There is very little known about the prevalence and incidence of persistent, uncontrollable hiccups, however, uncontrollable hiccups may be caused by a severe underlying health condition such as a structural lesion (for example, a tumour or build-up of fluid) or infection of the brain. […] Chronic hiccups may have significantly adverse effects on the sufferers quality of life, leading to insomnia, dehydration, mental stress, weight loss and malnutrition as a result.

• #8 Singultus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538225/

  Hiccups can be acute, lasting less than 48 hours, persistent, lasting over 2 days, or intractable, lasting more than one month. […] Hiccups are a not uncommon occurrence that most people experience at some point in their lifetime. […] Acute hiccups can be uncomfortable, and a brief annoyance, however persistent and intractable hiccups have a significant impact on quality of life by interfering with eating, sleeping, speaking, and social activities, and can be a harbinger of serious medical pathology. […] The classification of hiccups is by their duration. Acute hiccups are of less than 48 hours duration, persistent last over 2 days, and intractable last over a month. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups may signify a more serious underlying etiology. […] The incidence of persistent hiccups is higher in patients with certain disorders, especially those with central nervous system disorders such as Parkinsons Disease, advanced cancer where the incidence may be as high as 4-9%, and 8-10% in those with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

• #9 Hiccups and cancer | Coping with cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/hiccups-and-cancer

  Healthcare professionals divide hiccups into groups depending on how long you have them. You might have acute hiccups which can last from a few minutes to a few hours, persistent hiccups which usually last more than 48 hours, or intractable hiccups which usually last more than one month. […] Some hiccups can last for more than a couple of days. If they last this long you may need medical treatment. […] Your doctor will try to find out what is causing your hiccups. They will treat the cause if they find it. For example, the hiccups may go away if your doctor changes one of the drugs you take. […] Doctors will try one drug for a short time to see if it is helpful and stops the hiccups. If the hiccups start again they may use a different drug or a combination of drugs until they stop completely.

• #10 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  Hiccups can happen to anyone at any time. The characteristic hic can occur four to 60 times a minute and last from a few minutes to several months. […] Hiccups can be more than just an annoyance. When they happen often or dont go away quickly, they can affect important parts of your life, such as sleeping, eating and socializing. In some cases, hiccups can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Acute hiccups are the most common type. They last less than 48 hours typically stopping after a few minutes and tend to go away on their own. […] Chronic hiccups continue longer than acute hiccups: Persistent hiccups last more than two days. Intractable hiccups last longer than a month. […] Having hiccups around the clock for multiple days, weeks or months may cause issues with: Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Socializing, Working.

• #11 Hiccups – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, followed by quick, noisy closings of the glottis. Brief episodes of hiccups (lasting a few minutes) are very common. […] Sometimes hiccups can last more than 2 days or even more than 1 month. These longer episodes are called persistent hiccups. Persistent hiccups are uncommon but can be quite distressing. […] When the cause is serious, hiccups tend to persist until the cause is corrected. Hiccups due to a brain tumor or stroke may be very hard to stop and may become exhausting. […] People who have hiccups and warning signs should see a doctor right away. People without warning signs should see a doctor if hiccups last more than 2 or 3 days. […] Nearly all hiccups go away with or without treatment. […] For persistent hiccups, treatment is needed, particularly when the cause cannot be easily corrected.

• #12 Hiccups, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups

  Hiccups usually go away on their own without any treatment. However, some people have hiccups that go on much longer than normal. You should call a healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days. This could be a sign of a more serious condition that needs medical attention. […] The main symptoms of hiccups are a spasm in your diaphragm and a hic sound that comes out of your mouth. Some people with persistent hiccups experience spasms in their diaphragm without the hic sound. […] Hiccups that last longer than two days are more than just a nuisance. They can interfere with your quality of life and lead to trouble with basic needs like eating or sleeping. Possible medications a healthcare provider may prescribe for you include: […] Transient hiccups go away within a couple minutes. Persistent or intractable hiccups can last days, weeks or even months. […] Call your healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days.

• #13 Chronic Hiccups: Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-hiccups

  Hiccups are caused by spasms in your diaphragm, the large muscle just below your lungs. Some people have chronic hiccups that last for days, weeks, or years. […] For most people, hiccups usually last a few minutes and are not a medical concern. However, if your hiccups last longer than 2 days, theyre considered chronic. Theyre also referred to as persistent if they last over 2 days, but end within 1 month. […] Chronic hiccups can last for years in some people and are usually a sign of a medical issue. They can also cause health issues themselves. […] You may experience exhaustion when they keep you awake most nights. Chronic hiccups can also lead to severe weight loss because they can affect your appetite or desire to eat. […] It’s important that you see a medical professional if you have hiccups that last more than 2 days or you’ve had multiple hiccup episodes that are occurring more frequently over time, as they could be a symptom of a serious medical condition. […] Even if the cause is not found, chronic hiccups alone can affect your quality of life as well as your health if they’re not treated.

• #14 Hiccups: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775746-overview

  Brief episodes of hiccups are a common part of life; however, prolonged attacks are a more serious phenomenon and have been associated with significant morbidity and even death. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups frequently are associated with an underlying pathologic process, and efforts must be made to identify causes and effects. […] A hiccup bout is any episode lasting more than a few minutes. Hiccups lasting longer than 48 hours are considered persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than 1 month are termed intractable. The longest recorded attack of hiccups lasted for 6 decades. […] In general, hiccups are self-limited, and the prognosis is excellent. The prognosis of protracted hiccups is related to that of the underlying etiology. […] Protracted hiccups often are associated with underlying organic disease and often induce social and emotional distress. Therapy must address causative and complicating factors of protracted hiccups. Complications of hiccups may include the following: Arrhythmias, Gastroesophageal reflux, In prolonged cases, weight loss and sleep disturbance.

• #15 Hiccups and Heartburn | Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/hiccups-and-heartburn.html

  If hiccups last more than 2 days, they can be considered persistent. […] If hiccups last more than a month, they are considered intractable. […] Hiccups that last a long time can be a sign of a serious problem. […] If someone has persistent or intractable hiccups, they may need medical treatment. […] Your doctor or cancer care team might prescribe some different medicines for you to help control your hiccups. Each works in a different way so you may need to try more than one before your symptoms are relieved. […] Acupuncture has also been shown to help some people with intractable hiccups. […] A surgical nerve block might be done to prevent the nerve signals that can cause hiccups if medicines dont stop the hiccups. […] A tube might be placed through your nose into your stomach to remove excess gas or fluid in your belly that is causing hiccups.

• #16 Hiccups – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiccups

  Hiccups are a common and usually transient condition affecting almost everyone during their lifetime. A hiccup is also known as a „hiccough” and as a „singultus” from the Latin „singult,” meaning a „gasp” or „sob.” […] While brief bouts of hiccups lasting less than 48 hours are common, little is known about the overall incidence and prevalence of prolonged hiccups in the general population. However, among patients with advanced cancer, a systematic review found that 1 to 9 percent had persistent or intractable hiccups. […] A hiccup occurs due to an involuntary, intermittent, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. This causes sudden inspiration that ends with abrupt closure of the glottis, generating the „hic” sound. The left hemidiaphragm is involved in approximately 80 percent of cases. Hiccups often occur at a frequency of 4 to 60 per minute; the frequency remains relatively constant in a given individual.

• #17 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  Hiccups can happen to anyone at any time. The characteristic hic can occur four to 60 times a minute and last from a few minutes to several months. […] Hiccups can be more than just an annoyance. When they happen often or dont go away quickly, they can affect important parts of your life, such as sleeping, eating and socializing. In some cases, hiccups can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Acute hiccups are the most common type. They last less than 48 hours typically stopping after a few minutes and tend to go away on their own. […] Chronic hiccups continue longer than acute hiccups: Persistent hiccups last more than two days. Intractable hiccups last longer than a month. […] Having hiccups around the clock for multiple days, weeks or months may cause issues with: Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Socializing, Working.

• #18 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #19 Hiccups | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiccups

  Hiccups, or hiccoughs, are involuntary sounds made by spasms of the diaphragm. Hiccups are usually harmless and resolve by themselves after a few minutes. In some cases, prolonged hiccups that last for days or weeks may be symptomatic of underlying disorders. […] The symptoms of hiccups include: A sharp contraction or spasm of the diaphragm that is felt just below the breastbone. Air is involuntarily sucked into the throat. The closing epiglottis makes a hic sound. Hiccups usually stop after a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last for days, weeks or even years may be symptomatic of underlying disease. Certain lung or brain disorders can sometimes interfere with the functioning of the diaphragm and make the person prone to hiccups. Hiccups may also be a side effect of surgery or particular medications. […] Prolonged hiccups should be medically investigated.

• #20 Hiccups | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiccups

  Hiccups, or hiccoughs, are involuntary sounds made by spasms of the diaphragm. Hiccups are usually harmless and resolve by themselves after a few minutes. In some cases, prolonged hiccups that last for days or weeks may be symptomatic of underlying disorders. […] The symptoms of hiccups include: A sharp contraction or spasm of the diaphragm that is felt just below the breastbone. Air is involuntarily sucked into the throat. The closing epiglottis makes a hic sound. Hiccups usually stop after a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last for days, weeks or even years may be symptomatic of underlying disease. Certain lung or brain disorders can sometimes interfere with the functioning of the diaphragm and make the person prone to hiccups. Hiccups may also be a side effect of surgery or particular medications. […] Prolonged hiccups should be medically investigated.

• #21 Hiccups | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hiccups

  Hiccups, or hiccoughs, are involuntary sounds made by spasms of the diaphragm. Hiccups are usually harmless and resolve by themselves after a few minutes. In some cases, prolonged hiccups that last for days or weeks may be symptomatic of underlying disorders. […] The symptoms of hiccups include: A sharp contraction or spasm of the diaphragm that is felt just below the breastbone. Air is involuntarily sucked into the throat. The closing epiglottis makes a hic sound. Hiccups usually stop after a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last for days, weeks or even years may be symptomatic of underlying disease. Certain lung or brain disorders can sometimes interfere with the functioning of the diaphragm and make the person prone to hiccups. Hiccups may also be a side effect of surgery or particular medications. […] Prolonged hiccups should be medically investigated.

• #22 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #23 Hiccups: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment – Medica Hospital

  https://medicahospitals.in/hiccups/

  Involuntary contractions of the diaphragm (muscle that separates chest and abdomen and plays an important role in breathing) are called Hiccups. Each contraction is followed by a There is a sudden closure of the vocal cords after each contraction, producing the typical hic sound. […] Hiccups usually last only a few minutes in most people. Rarely, it may persist for months, resulting in weight loss and exhaustion. […] Hiccupping is a symptom. It may sometimes be accompanied by a slight tightening sensation in your chest, abdomen or throat. […] See your doctor if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they are so severe that they interfere with eating, sleeping or breathing.

• #24 Hiccup – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiccup

  A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] An episode lasting more than a few minutes is termed a bout; a bout of over 48 hours is termed persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than a month are termed intractable. […] Episodes of hiccups usually last under 30 minutes. Prolonged attacks, while rare, can be serious. Root causes of prolonged hiccups episodes are difficult to diagnose.

• #25 Hiccups, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups

  Hiccups usually go away on their own without any treatment. However, some people have hiccups that go on much longer than normal. You should call a healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days. This could be a sign of a more serious condition that needs medical attention. […] The main symptoms of hiccups are a spasm in your diaphragm and a hic sound that comes out of your mouth. Some people with persistent hiccups experience spasms in their diaphragm without the hic sound. […] Hiccups that last longer than two days are more than just a nuisance. They can interfere with your quality of life and lead to trouble with basic needs like eating or sleeping. Possible medications a healthcare provider may prescribe for you include: […] Transient hiccups go away within a couple minutes. Persistent or intractable hiccups can last days, weeks or even months. […] Call your healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days.

• #26 Hiccups | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/hiccups.html

  Hiccups can start and stop for no obvious reason. […] Chronic hiccups can interfere with your sleep, eating, drinking, and talking. If you have chronic hiccups, contact your health care provider. If you have a condition that is causing the hiccups, treating that condition may help. Otherwise, treatment options include medicines, surgery, and other procedures.

• #27 What Causes Hiccups and How to Stop Them

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hiccups-8753209

  Hiccups are involuntary spasms of the diaphragm that may trigger eating and drinking habits, emotions, or medication side effects. […] Most cases of hiccups are short-lived, though they do have the potential to be chronic (or long-lasting). […] Acute or mild hiccups usually go away within a few minutes. This type of hiccup lasts no more than 48 hours. […] Chronic (or intractable) hiccups last more than 48 hours and may persist if not treated or managed. […] Hiccups may be prevented by avoiding triggers like large meals, spicy foods, carbonated beverages, and alcohol. […] Although rare, if your hiccups last longer than 48 hours, see a healthcare provider to rule out or treat other underlying health conditions.

• #28 Hiccups: Causes, Serious Signs, Treatment, Home Remedies and More

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hiccups/article.htm

  Hiccups can be prevented by avoiding overeating, eating too quickly, or drinking too much. […] A hiccup is a sudden, involuntary contraction (spasm) of the diaphragm muscle. When the muscle spasms, the vocal cords snap shut, producing the hiccup sound. Most cases of hiccups can be cured or resolved in a short time, and rarely are they a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than three hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Sudden, forceful movement of the diaphragm, that causes the hiccup sound, is the only symptom of hiccups. […] Most cases of hiccups resolve themselves in a short time and rarely are a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than 3 hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Hiccups are usually harmless and last for a short duration. There is little evidence about the beneficial role of hiccups.

• #29 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #30

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk7514

  Hiccups occur when a spasm contracts the diaphragm. This is a large sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The spasm causes an intake of breath that is suddenly stopped by the closing of the vocal cords. This closure causes the „hiccup” sound. […] Most hiccups go away on their own within a few minutes to a few hours and don’t require any treatment. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are called persistent hiccups. Hiccups that last longer than a month are called intractable hiccups. Both kinds of hiccups may be a sign of a more serious health problem. Tests may be needed to help find the cause. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have hiccups for more than 2 days. […] Hiccups occur often and get in the way of your activities.

• #31 Hiccups: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/hiccups-hiccoughs

  A hiccup is an automatic action (a reflex) that the body can’t control. During a hiccup your diaphragm (the muscle under your lungs that helps you breathe) contracts. Immediately after this the top of your windpipe (your glottis) closes, making the typical 'hic’ sound. […] Hiccups can be divided into three groups: Acute hiccups lasting for minutes or hours. They are usually harmless and last for less than 48 hours. […] Persistent (chronic) hiccups lasting for more than 48 hours, or occurring in recurrent attacks. […] Intractable hiccups lasting for more than one month. […] Persistent or intractable hiccups are more likely to be linked to an underlying illness and you may need medical tests. […] Persistent hiccups are rare. […] In some cases, persistent hiccups are caused by an underlying disease. Over 100 diseases have been reported to cause hiccups. Some are common, such as acid reflux, and some are rare. You would normally have other symptoms apart from the hiccups.

• #32 Hiccups

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiccups/

  Most people get hiccups sometimes. They should only last a few minutes. […] In rare cases, hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can be due to a medical condition or a medicine you’re taking. […] See a GP if hiccups last longer than 48 hours. […] A GP will want to find out if your hiccups are caused by a health condition or medicine you’re taking. […] Treating the condition or changing your medicine should stop your hiccups. […] If there’s no obvious cause, they might be able to prescribe a medicine called chlorpromazine to treat your hiccups.

• #33 Hiccups, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups

  Hiccups usually go away on their own without any treatment. However, some people have hiccups that go on much longer than normal. You should call a healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days. This could be a sign of a more serious condition that needs medical attention. […] The main symptoms of hiccups are a spasm in your diaphragm and a hic sound that comes out of your mouth. Some people with persistent hiccups experience spasms in their diaphragm without the hic sound. […] Hiccups that last longer than two days are more than just a nuisance. They can interfere with your quality of life and lead to trouble with basic needs like eating or sleeping. Possible medications a healthcare provider may prescribe for you include: […] Transient hiccups go away within a couple minutes. Persistent or intractable hiccups can last days, weeks or even months. […] Call your healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days.

• #34 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  Hiccups can happen to anyone at any time. The characteristic hic can occur four to 60 times a minute and last from a few minutes to several months. […] Hiccups can be more than just an annoyance. When they happen often or dont go away quickly, they can affect important parts of your life, such as sleeping, eating and socializing. In some cases, hiccups can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Acute hiccups are the most common type. They last less than 48 hours typically stopping after a few minutes and tend to go away on their own. […] Chronic hiccups continue longer than acute hiccups: Persistent hiccups last more than two days. Intractable hiccups last longer than a month. […] Having hiccups around the clock for multiple days, weeks or months may cause issues with: Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Socializing, Working.

• #35 Hiccups and Heartburn | Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/hiccups-and-heartburn.html

  Hiccups (or hiccoughs) are spasms that affect a muscle between your lungs and stomach that is used when you breathe, called the diaphragm. […] When the diaphragm is irritated and suddenly contracts between normal breaths you hiccup. This causes air to be pushed out of the lungs into the trachea. This forces the vocal cords to close quickly making the hiccup sound. […] Hiccups can be caused by irritation of the phrenic nerve that controls the diaphragm. Several things can irritate this nerve such as: […] Hiccups are more common in people with advanced cancer. […] Hiccups usually stop on their own in minutes to hours. But hiccups that continue can cause other problems. They can make it hard for people to eat, drink, sleep, and talk to other people. This can lead to being tired, depressed, and having other mood changes.

• #36 Hiccups and cancer | Coping with cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/hiccups-and-cancer

  Hiccups usually go away on their own but there are some things you can try. If hiccups carry on for a couple of days they can be difficult to cope with. Tell your doctor as you might need treatment. […] Hiccups can happen when you get a spasm in your diaphragm between normal breaths. You cant control the spasm and hiccups usually go away on their own. But when hiccups are a symptom of cancer, or a side effect of cancer treatment, they can go on for longer. This makes them tiring and difficult to cope with. […] Hiccups normally go away on their own. But if your hiccups are troublesome and last more than a few days, it is important you talk to the team caring for you about them. They will want to find out if there is reason for them so that they can try to help you. […] Having hiccups for a few days or more can be difficult to cope with. They can make you feel anxious and depressed. They can affect your ability to eat and drink, concentration and sleep, and ability to talk.

• #37 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  A long-term episode of hiccups can be uncomfortable and even harmful to your health. If left untreated, prolonged hiccups can disturb your sleeping and eating patterns, leading to sleeplessness, exhaustion, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration. […] If your hiccups last longer than 48 hours, don’t respond to treatment, or you aren’t sure what’s causing them, see a doctor for a diagnosis.

• #38 Hiccups, indigestion and reflux | Marie Curie

  https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/information/symptoms/hiccups-dyspepsia-and-reflux

  Hiccups are sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles in the chest that are involved in breathing, including the diaphragm. When we hiccup, air rushes into our lungs against closed vocal cords, making the characteristic hic sound. Most hiccups are harmless and stop within minutes or hours. Hiccups might last up to 48 hours and not be a sign of anything serious. Hiccups that last between 48 hours and one month are called persistent hiccups. They are also sometimes called protracted hiccups. Hiccups that last for more than one month are called intractable hiccups. […] Persistent or intractable hiccups can be frustrating and distressing. They may disrupt your life by interfering with talking, eating, drinking and sleeping. They can also affect your mood and make any pain you’re experiencing feel worse. In some cases, hiccups can cause serious complications. These include: poor nutrition (malnutrition), feeling very tired (fatigue), dehydration, disrupted sleep, stress, anxiety or depression, a worse quality of life.

• #39 Hiccups Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/hiccups

  A hiccup is an unintentional movement (spasm) of the diaphragm, the muscle at the base of the lungs. The spasm is followed by quick closing of the vocal cords. This closing of vocal cords produces a distinctive sound. […] Hiccups often start for no apparent reason. They most often disappear after a few minutes. In rare cases, hiccups can last for days, weeks, or months. […] Contact your health care provider if hiccups go on for more than a few days. […] If you need to see your provider for hiccups, you will have a physical exam and be asked questions about the problem. […] To treat hiccups that do not go away, the provider may perform gastric lavage or massage of the carotid sinus in the neck. DO NOT try carotid massage by yourself. This must be done by a provider. […] If hiccups continue, medicines may help. Tube insertion into the stomach (nasogastric intubation) may also help. […] In very rare cases, if medicines or other methods do not work, treatment such as phrenic nerve block may be tried. The phrenic nerve controls the diaphragm.

• #40 Hiccups | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/hiccups

  Hiccups are unintended spasms of the diaphragm followed by quick closing of the vocal cords. The closing of the vocal cords makes the sound of hiccups. Hiccups are described based on how long they last: acute hiccups last up to 2 days […] persistent hiccups last longer than 2 days […] intractable hiccups last longer than 1 month. Hiccups are usually acute and go away on their own within minutes or hours. People with advanced cancer have a higher than average chance of getting persistent or intractable hiccups. Up to about 10% of people with advanced cancer get these long-lasting hiccups. Persistent and intractable hiccups can have negative effects on your activities of daily living. They can interfere with talking, eating, drinking and sleeping. They can also affect your mood and can make your pain worse. If your hiccups don’t go away, report them to your doctor or healthcare team without waiting for your next scheduled appointment.

• #41 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  Hiccups can happen to anyone at any time. The characteristic hic can occur four to 60 times a minute and last from a few minutes to several months. […] Hiccups can be more than just an annoyance. When they happen often or dont go away quickly, they can affect important parts of your life, such as sleeping, eating and socializing. In some cases, hiccups can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Acute hiccups are the most common type. They last less than 48 hours typically stopping after a few minutes and tend to go away on their own. […] Chronic hiccups continue longer than acute hiccups: Persistent hiccups last more than two days. Intractable hiccups last longer than a month. […] Having hiccups around the clock for multiple days, weeks or months may cause issues with: Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Socializing, Working.

• #42 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  Hiccups can happen to anyone at any time. The characteristic hic can occur four to 60 times a minute and last from a few minutes to several months. […] Hiccups can be more than just an annoyance. When they happen often or dont go away quickly, they can affect important parts of your life, such as sleeping, eating and socializing. In some cases, hiccups can be a sign of a more serious condition. […] Acute hiccups are the most common type. They last less than 48 hours typically stopping after a few minutes and tend to go away on their own. […] Chronic hiccups continue longer than acute hiccups: Persistent hiccups last more than two days. Intractable hiccups last longer than a month. […] Having hiccups around the clock for multiple days, weeks or months may cause issues with: Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Socializing, Working.

• #43 Hiccups – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, followed by quick, noisy closings of the glottis. Brief episodes of hiccups (lasting a few minutes) are very common. […] Sometimes hiccups can last more than 2 days or even more than 1 month. These longer episodes are called persistent hiccups. Persistent hiccups are uncommon but can be quite distressing. […] When the cause is serious, hiccups tend to persist until the cause is corrected. Hiccups due to a brain tumor or stroke may be very hard to stop and may become exhausting. […] People who have hiccups and warning signs should see a doctor right away. People without warning signs should see a doctor if hiccups last more than 2 or 3 days. […] Nearly all hiccups go away with or without treatment. […] For persistent hiccups, treatment is needed, particularly when the cause cannot be easily corrected.

• #44 Singultus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538225/

  Hiccups can be acute, lasting less than 48 hours, persistent, lasting over 2 days, or intractable, lasting more than one month. […] Hiccups are a not uncommon occurrence that most people experience at some point in their lifetime. […] Acute hiccups can be uncomfortable, and a brief annoyance, however persistent and intractable hiccups have a significant impact on quality of life by interfering with eating, sleeping, speaking, and social activities, and can be a harbinger of serious medical pathology. […] The classification of hiccups is by their duration. Acute hiccups are of less than 48 hours duration, persistent last over 2 days, and intractable last over a month. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups may signify a more serious underlying etiology. […] The incidence of persistent hiccups is higher in patients with certain disorders, especially those with central nervous system disorders such as Parkinsons Disease, advanced cancer where the incidence may be as high as 4-9%, and 8-10% in those with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

• #45 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  Hiccups in infants may also result from changes in stomach temperature. For example, this may be the case if they consume a cold drink then have something warm to eat. […] Generally, hiccups tend to be a sign of healthy growth and development. However, frequent hiccups may also result from GERD, which is a common and easily treatable condition in infants. […] Prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as weight loss and dehydration, insomnia, fatigue, communication problems, depression, and delayed wound healing. […] Hiccups that last for under 48 hours do not usually need any medical attention because they typically resolve on their own. If they persist for longer than this, the person should consult a doctor.

• #46 Hiccups: Causes, Serious Signs, Treatment, Home Remedies and More

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hiccups/article.htm

  Because most cases of hiccups resolve themselves either spontaneously or with self-administered treatment, complications are extremely rare. […] In severe and persistent cases, where hiccups disturb eating and sleeping patterns, weight loss, or sleep disturbances may occur. […] Prolonged hiccups may lead to several ill-effects such as: Disturbed sleep, Difficulty eating and drinking, Pain, Fatigue, Difficulty speaking, Pharyngitis (sore throat), Stress, anxiety, or disturbed mood, Convulsive syncope (fainting). […] Hiccups cannot always be prevented. Avoiding overeating, eating too quickly, or drinking too much can help prevent hiccups.

• #47 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #48 Hiccups – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1040

  Hiccups are a common and mostly harmless condition. […] Most hiccups are benign and self-limiting, rarely requiring medical attention. However, various organic causes can lead to chronic hiccups that can last for years. […] Chronic hiccups can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life.

• #49 Hiccups – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1040

  Hiccups are a common and mostly harmless condition. […] Most hiccups are benign and self-limiting, rarely requiring medical attention. However, various organic causes can lead to chronic hiccups that can last for years. […] Chronic hiccups can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life.

• #50 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  A long-term episode of hiccups can be uncomfortable and even harmful to your health. If left untreated, prolonged hiccups can disturb your sleeping and eating patterns, leading to sleeplessness, exhaustion, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration. […] If your hiccups last longer than 48 hours, don’t respond to treatment, or you aren’t sure what’s causing them, see a doctor for a diagnosis.

• #51 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #52

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/11300/treatment_of_persistent_postoperative_hiccups_with.50.aspx

  Despite the low prevalence in general hospitalized patients (54 per 100,000, 0.054%), hiccups are relatively common symptoms in progressive cancer patients, with reported prevalence of 3.9% to 4.5%. […] However, persistent or intractable hiccups can induce sleep disorders, exhaustion, fatigue, depression, malnutrition, weight loss, and dehydration. […] The patients in this case developed hiccups within 4 days of surgery, suggesting that direct damage or morphological changes in the stomach due to surgery may have stimulated the afferent limb of the hiccup reflex arc and caused persistent hiccups. […] Treatment of persistent hiccups is nonspecific. […] Nonetheless, no treatment method ensures complete cure for the majority of patients. […] However, the procedure is a convenient, safe, and effective method that can be considered in parallel with other treatments for persistent hiccups. Clinicians should be aware of the negative effect of persistent hiccups on the quality of life, and should provide adequate and active treatment if necessary.

• #53 Hiccups – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1040

  Hiccups are a common and mostly harmless condition. […] Most hiccups are benign and self-limited, rarely requiring medical attention. However, various organic causes can lead to chronic hiccups that can last for years. […] Chronic hiccups can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life. […] Various therapies have been described, from nonprescription remedies to mechanical stimulation of the involved anatomic structures. […] Most of the evidence for treatments of hiccups come from uncontrolled observational trials or case-control series or reports. Valid randomized trials are needed. […] Duration 48 hours (chronic hiccups). […] Associated features of underlying cause. […] Weight loss and malnutrition.

• #54 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  If hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, the person should seek medical attention. […] The prognosis for hiccups is good. For most people, hiccups usually stop by themselves with no lingering effects. If hiccups continue, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and chronic hiccups may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders. […] In healthy people, hiccups usually go away by themselves with no serious effects after that. If hiccups continue, however, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and if prolonged may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders.

• #55 Hiccups, indigestion and reflux | Marie Curie

  https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/information/symptoms/hiccups-dyspepsia-and-reflux

  Hiccups are sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles in the chest that are involved in breathing, including the diaphragm. When we hiccup, air rushes into our lungs against closed vocal cords, making the characteristic hic sound. Most hiccups are harmless and stop within minutes or hours. Hiccups might last up to 48 hours and not be a sign of anything serious. Hiccups that last between 48 hours and one month are called persistent hiccups. They are also sometimes called protracted hiccups. Hiccups that last for more than one month are called intractable hiccups. […] Persistent or intractable hiccups can be frustrating and distressing. They may disrupt your life by interfering with talking, eating, drinking and sleeping. They can also affect your mood and make any pain you’re experiencing feel worse. In some cases, hiccups can cause serious complications. These include: poor nutrition (malnutrition), feeling very tired (fatigue), dehydration, disrupted sleep, stress, anxiety or depression, a worse quality of life.

• #56 Hiccups: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/hiccups-hiccoughs

  In some cases of persistent hiccups there is no apparent cause. However, the persistent hiccups can become exhausting and distressing. […] Persistent hiccups may cause complications such as tiredness, exhaustion or poor sleep. Also, they may cause psychological distress or embarrassment. For people who have had recent surgery to the tummy (abdomen), persistent hiccups may delay healing of the scar (wound), because hiccups move the abdominal muscles. This increases the risk of complications with the wound.

• #57 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  If hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, the person should seek medical attention. […] The prognosis for hiccups is good. For most people, hiccups usually stop by themselves with no lingering effects. If hiccups continue, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and chronic hiccups may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders. […] In healthy people, hiccups usually go away by themselves with no serious effects after that. If hiccups continue, however, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and if prolonged may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders.

• #58 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #59 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #60 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #61 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #62 Hiccups: Causes, Serious Signs, Treatment, Home Remedies and More

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hiccups/article.htm

  Hiccups can be prevented by avoiding overeating, eating too quickly, or drinking too much. […] A hiccup is a sudden, involuntary contraction (spasm) of the diaphragm muscle. When the muscle spasms, the vocal cords snap shut, producing the hiccup sound. Most cases of hiccups can be cured or resolved in a short time, and rarely are they a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than three hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Sudden, forceful movement of the diaphragm, that causes the hiccup sound, is the only symptom of hiccups. […] Most cases of hiccups resolve themselves in a short time and rarely are a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than 3 hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Hiccups are usually harmless and last for a short duration. There is little evidence about the beneficial role of hiccups.

• #63 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #64 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #65 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #66 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Spasms of your diaphragm that you can’t control cause hiccups. The diaphragm is the muscle that separates your chest from your stomach area and plays an important role in breathing. This spasm causes your vocal cords to close briefly, producing a „hic” sound. […] Hiccups are repeated spasms or sudden movements of the diaphragm that you can’t control. […] Eating a large meal, drinking alcoholic or carbonated beverages, or getting excited suddenly may cause hiccups. In some cases, hiccups may be a sign of an underlying medical issue. For most people, hiccups usually last only a few minutes. Rarely, hiccups may continue for months. When they last that long, they can result in weight loss and extreme tiredness. […] Symptoms include uncontrolled spasms in your diaphragm and a „hic” sound. Sometimes you may feel a slight tightening sensation in your chest, stomach area or throat.

• #67 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #68 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #69 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  Hiccups in infants may also result from changes in stomach temperature. For example, this may be the case if they consume a cold drink then have something warm to eat. […] Generally, hiccups tend to be a sign of healthy growth and development. However, frequent hiccups may also result from GERD, which is a common and easily treatable condition in infants. […] Prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as weight loss and dehydration, insomnia, fatigue, communication problems, depression, and delayed wound healing. […] Hiccups that last for under 48 hours do not usually need any medical attention because they typically resolve on their own. If they persist for longer than this, the person should consult a doctor.

• #70 Hiccups: Why You Get Hiccups ..and How To Make Them Stop

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup

  Hiccups start much lower in your body, in the diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle between your lungs and stomach. […] But if something irritates your diaphragm, it can cause an involuntary spasm, forcing you to suddenly suck air into your throat, where it hits your voice box. That makes your vocal cords suddenly close, creating the distinct hic! sound. […] Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons — some of them are physical and some emotional. […] Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly, Feeling nervous or excited, Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol, Stress, A sudden change in temperature, Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum. […] Hiccups are typed by how long they last. […] Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around — for a while. Its usually because of damage or aggravation to the nerves connected to the diaphragm. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can also be because of central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis or meningitis, or metabolic disorders such as diabetes or kidney failure.

• #71 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Make an appointment to see your health care provider if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they’re so severe that they cause issues with eating, sleeping or breathing. […] Issues that may cause hiccups to last more than 48 hours include nerve damage or irritation, central nervous system disorders, metabolic issues, and certain drug and alcohol problems. […] A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to, or irritation of, the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves. These nerves supply the diaphragm muscle. […] A tumor or infection in your central nervous system or damage to your central nervous system due to an injury can disrupt your body’s normal control of the hiccup reflex. […] Long-term hiccups may result when your body’s metabolism doesn’t work properly. […] Ongoing hiccups may interfere with eating, drinking, sleeping and speaking. Hiccups also can worsen pain.

• #72 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #73 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Make an appointment to see your health care provider if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they’re so severe that they cause issues with eating, sleeping or breathing. […] Issues that may cause hiccups to last more than 48 hours include nerve damage or irritation, central nervous system disorders, metabolic issues, and certain drug and alcohol problems. […] A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to, or irritation of, the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves. These nerves supply the diaphragm muscle. […] A tumor or infection in your central nervous system or damage to your central nervous system due to an injury can disrupt your body’s normal control of the hiccup reflex. […] Long-term hiccups may result when your body’s metabolism doesn’t work properly. […] Ongoing hiccups may interfere with eating, drinking, sleeping and speaking. Hiccups also can worsen pain.

• #74 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #75 Hiccups and Heartburn | Cancer-related Side Effects | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/hiccups-and-heartburn.html

  Hiccups (or hiccoughs) are spasms that affect a muscle between your lungs and stomach that is used when you breathe, called the diaphragm. […] When the diaphragm is irritated and suddenly contracts between normal breaths you hiccup. This causes air to be pushed out of the lungs into the trachea. This forces the vocal cords to close quickly making the hiccup sound. […] Hiccups can be caused by irritation of the phrenic nerve that controls the diaphragm. Several things can irritate this nerve such as: […] Hiccups are more common in people with advanced cancer. […] Hiccups usually stop on their own in minutes to hours. But hiccups that continue can cause other problems. They can make it hard for people to eat, drink, sleep, and talk to other people. This can lead to being tired, depressed, and having other mood changes.

• #76 Hiccups or Stroke? · Conway Medical Center

  https://www.conwaymedicalcenter.com/news/topic/hiccups-or-stroke/

  Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm the muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Most cases of hiccups are harmless and resolve on their own within 48 hours. […] While most hiccups are benign, persistent hiccups in women, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, could indicate a stroke affecting the brainstem. […] Seek immediate medical attention for hiccups if you experience: Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours, Hiccups accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, Any combination of stroke symptoms, including sudden: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side, Confusion or trouble speaking, Severe headache, Vision problems, Dizziness or loss of balance. […] Remember: When it comes to stroke, every minute counts. Being aware of all possible symptoms, including subtle ones like persistent hiccups in women, could make a life-saving difference.

• #77 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #78 Hiccups – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, followed by quick, noisy closings of the glottis. Brief episodes of hiccups (lasting a few minutes) are very common. […] Sometimes hiccups can last more than 2 days or even more than 1 month. These longer episodes are called persistent hiccups. Persistent hiccups are uncommon but can be quite distressing. […] When the cause is serious, hiccups tend to persist until the cause is corrected. Hiccups due to a brain tumor or stroke may be very hard to stop and may become exhausting. […] People who have hiccups and warning signs should see a doctor right away. People without warning signs should see a doctor if hiccups last more than 2 or 3 days. […] Nearly all hiccups go away with or without treatment. […] For persistent hiccups, treatment is needed, particularly when the cause cannot be easily corrected.

• #79 Are Hiccups a Sign of Something Serious? – Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/blog/are-hiccups-a-sign-of-something-serious/

  Hiccups can be frustrating, especially if they occur for what seems like no apparent reason. Theyre usually temporary, though, and resolve on their own in a few minutes. […] Chronic hiccups, however, may be symptomatic of other health conditions. Chronic hiccups are associated with several underlying disorders, ranging from brain tumors and strokes to pneumonia and pleurisy. […] Chronic hiccups can also impact your quality of life if they interrupt your sleeping and eating patterns. You may experience weight loss, exhaustion and dehydration. Other side effects include gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD, and irregular heartbeat. […] Since chronic hiccup cases can persist for more than a month, its important to visit a doctor sooner rather than later. Persistent hiccups can be treated with a nerve blockade, medications such as chlorpromazine or, in rare cases, surgery.

• #80 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  Some of the potential causes linked to persistent, as well as intractable hiccups, are described below: CNS (central nervous system) disorders. […] Chronic hiccups as a result of vascular lesions generally occur due to the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). […] Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) that can result in chronic hiccups include meningitis (inflammation of the membranes known as meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). […] These forms of lesions include brainstem tumours and intracranial lesions (areas of injury or disease within the brain), hydrocephalus (this is a disorder also known as water on the brain which describes an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord), syringomyelia (this is a chronic condition associated with the development of a cyst in the spinal cord) and multiple sclerosis (also known as MS, this is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system wherein the immune system attacks myelin, the protective sheath that covers nerve fibres, and eventually the nerves themselves, causing communication issues between the brain and the rest of the body that results in a host of complications).

• #81 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  Some of the potential causes linked to persistent, as well as intractable hiccups, are described below: CNS (central nervous system) disorders. […] Chronic hiccups as a result of vascular lesions generally occur due to the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). […] Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) that can result in chronic hiccups include meningitis (inflammation of the membranes known as meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). […] These forms of lesions include brainstem tumours and intracranial lesions (areas of injury or disease within the brain), hydrocephalus (this is a disorder also known as water on the brain which describes an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord), syringomyelia (this is a chronic condition associated with the development of a cyst in the spinal cord) and multiple sclerosis (also known as MS, this is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system wherein the immune system attacks myelin, the protective sheath that covers nerve fibres, and eventually the nerves themselves, causing communication issues between the brain and the rest of the body that results in a host of complications).

• #82 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #83 Singultus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538225/

  Hiccups can be acute, lasting less than 48 hours, persistent, lasting over 2 days, or intractable, lasting more than one month. […] Hiccups are a not uncommon occurrence that most people experience at some point in their lifetime. […] Acute hiccups can be uncomfortable, and a brief annoyance, however persistent and intractable hiccups have a significant impact on quality of life by interfering with eating, sleeping, speaking, and social activities, and can be a harbinger of serious medical pathology. […] The classification of hiccups is by their duration. Acute hiccups are of less than 48 hours duration, persistent last over 2 days, and intractable last over a month. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups may signify a more serious underlying etiology. […] The incidence of persistent hiccups is higher in patients with certain disorders, especially those with central nervous system disorders such as Parkinsons Disease, advanced cancer where the incidence may be as high as 4-9%, and 8-10% in those with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

• #84 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Make an appointment to see your health care provider if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they’re so severe that they cause issues with eating, sleeping or breathing. […] Issues that may cause hiccups to last more than 48 hours include nerve damage or irritation, central nervous system disorders, metabolic issues, and certain drug and alcohol problems. […] A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to, or irritation of, the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves. These nerves supply the diaphragm muscle. […] A tumor or infection in your central nervous system or damage to your central nervous system due to an injury can disrupt your body’s normal control of the hiccup reflex. […] Long-term hiccups may result when your body’s metabolism doesn’t work properly. […] Ongoing hiccups may interfere with eating, drinking, sleeping and speaking. Hiccups also can worsen pain.

• #85 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Make an appointment to see your health care provider if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they’re so severe that they cause issues with eating, sleeping or breathing. […] Issues that may cause hiccups to last more than 48 hours include nerve damage or irritation, central nervous system disorders, metabolic issues, and certain drug and alcohol problems. […] A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to, or irritation of, the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves. These nerves supply the diaphragm muscle. […] A tumor or infection in your central nervous system or damage to your central nervous system due to an injury can disrupt your body’s normal control of the hiccup reflex. […] Long-term hiccups may result when your body’s metabolism doesn’t work properly. […] Ongoing hiccups may interfere with eating, drinking, sleeping and speaking. Hiccups also can worsen pain.

• #86 Hiccups Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/hiccups/

  Hiccups happen when your diaphragm, a muscle between your chest and your stomach, suddenly contracts. […] In most cases, hiccups last only a few minutes, go away on their own and do not need treatment. Hiccups that last more than two days or keep coming back could be a sign of an underlying medical condition. […] Hiccups that last more than two days (persistent hiccups) or that keep coming back (recurrent hiccups) may have an underlying medical cause. […] Long-term hiccups can also be a side effect of medication you’re taking, such as: […] You are more likely to get long-term hiccups if you have a condition that affects your metabolism, the process that converts food to energy. […] In rare cases, long-term hiccups may also be a symptom of conditions that affect your central nervous system, such as:

• #87 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #88 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #89 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #90 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  The exact cause of hiccups remains unclear, but experts have linked chronic hiccups to a wide range of conditions, including stroke and gastrointestinal problems. […] Most cases resolve without treatment, but prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as insomnia and depression. […] If hiccups last for longer than 48 hours, the person should contact a doctor, who may prescribe muscle relaxants. […] A wide range of underlying conditions can trigger chronic or persistent hiccups. […] However, doctors have linked chronic hiccups to several conditions. These include gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, a small bowel obstruction, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other conditions that may be related to hiccups include bladder irritation, liver cancer, pancreatitis, pregnancy, and hepatitis. Surgical procedures and lesions may also be risk factors.

• #91 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #92 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  The exact cause of hiccups remains unclear, but experts have linked chronic hiccups to a wide range of conditions, including stroke and gastrointestinal problems. […] Most cases resolve without treatment, but prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as insomnia and depression. […] If hiccups last for longer than 48 hours, the person should contact a doctor, who may prescribe muscle relaxants. […] A wide range of underlying conditions can trigger chronic or persistent hiccups. […] However, doctors have linked chronic hiccups to several conditions. These include gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, a small bowel obstruction, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other conditions that may be related to hiccups include bladder irritation, liver cancer, pancreatitis, pregnancy, and hepatitis. Surgical procedures and lesions may also be risk factors.

• #93 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #94 Constant Hiccups – Hiccups Causes – Hiccups Treatment –

  https://heartburncanceruk.org/symptoms-related-conditions/hiccups/

  Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] If hiccupping lasts longer than two days and is linked to other issues, such as heartburn or dysphagia (trouble swallowing) you should consult your GP as soon as possible for further examination. […] While hiccups are normal and familiar to most people, and only usually last a short time, it should be investigated if they last longer than a month or so, when it is much less common as there could be an underlying cause. Gastrointestinal causes of hiccups include GORD (gastro oesophageal reflux disorder), hiatus hernia and Oesophageal Cancer.

• #95 Constant Hiccups – Hiccups Causes – Hiccups Treatment –

  https://heartburncanceruk.org/symptoms-related-conditions/hiccups/

  Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] If hiccupping lasts longer than two days and is linked to other issues, such as heartburn or dysphagia (trouble swallowing) you should consult your GP as soon as possible for further examination. […] While hiccups are normal and familiar to most people, and only usually last a short time, it should be investigated if they last longer than a month or so, when it is much less common as there could be an underlying cause. Gastrointestinal causes of hiccups include GORD (gastro oesophageal reflux disorder), hiatus hernia and Oesophageal Cancer.

• #96 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  The irritation of these major nerves is often a common cause of chronic hiccups. […] Conditions that affect the intestines and stomach, and may lead to chronic hiccups include: Gastric distention, Gastritis, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Chronic hiccups may occur postoperatively, some of the common postoperative causes for hiccups include: General anaesthesia (GA), Intubation, Visceral irritation. […] Certain medications may lead to chronic hiccups, some of these include: Diazepam (Valium), Barbiturates, Dexamethasone, Certain chemotherapeutic agents. […] There are some psychogenic factors (i.e. of a psychological origin as opposed to a physical one) that are associated with chronic hiccups.

• #97 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  The exact cause of hiccups remains unclear, but experts have linked chronic hiccups to a wide range of conditions, including stroke and gastrointestinal problems. […] Most cases resolve without treatment, but prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as insomnia and depression. […] If hiccups last for longer than 48 hours, the person should contact a doctor, who may prescribe muscle relaxants. […] A wide range of underlying conditions can trigger chronic or persistent hiccups. […] However, doctors have linked chronic hiccups to several conditions. These include gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, a small bowel obstruction, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other conditions that may be related to hiccups include bladder irritation, liver cancer, pancreatitis, pregnancy, and hepatitis. Surgical procedures and lesions may also be risk factors.

• #98 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  The exact cause of hiccups remains unclear, but experts have linked chronic hiccups to a wide range of conditions, including stroke and gastrointestinal problems. […] Most cases resolve without treatment, but prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as insomnia and depression. […] If hiccups last for longer than 48 hours, the person should contact a doctor, who may prescribe muscle relaxants. […] A wide range of underlying conditions can trigger chronic or persistent hiccups. […] However, doctors have linked chronic hiccups to several conditions. These include gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, a small bowel obstruction, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Other conditions that may be related to hiccups include bladder irritation, liver cancer, pancreatitis, pregnancy, and hepatitis. Surgical procedures and lesions may also be risk factors.

• #99 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #100 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #101 Are Hiccups a Sign of Something Serious? – Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/blog/are-hiccups-a-sign-of-something-serious/

  Hiccups can be frustrating, especially if they occur for what seems like no apparent reason. Theyre usually temporary, though, and resolve on their own in a few minutes. […] Chronic hiccups, however, may be symptomatic of other health conditions. Chronic hiccups are associated with several underlying disorders, ranging from brain tumors and strokes to pneumonia and pleurisy. […] Chronic hiccups can also impact your quality of life if they interrupt your sleeping and eating patterns. You may experience weight loss, exhaustion and dehydration. Other side effects include gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD, and irregular heartbeat. […] Since chronic hiccup cases can persist for more than a month, its important to visit a doctor sooner rather than later. Persistent hiccups can be treated with a nerve blockade, medications such as chlorpromazine or, in rare cases, surgery.

• #102 Persistent hiccups as a rare presenting symptom of empyema: a case report | International Journal of Emergency Medicine | Full Text

  https://intjem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12245-024-00603-7

  Empyema is uncommon owing to antibiotic use but still affects patient health if not treated. Hiccups as the initial symptom of empyema are rare; however, empyema should be considered if a patient has persistent hiccups with unexplained fever. […] We report a rare case of empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius in an immunocompetent patient with the main symptoms of persistent hiccups. […] The initial presentation of persistent hiccups is very rare in bacterial empyema. […] While hiccups are seldom mentioned as a clinical manifestation of community-acquired pneumonia, clinicians should still consider this diagnosis in patients with unexplained fever. […] In conclusion, the initial presentation of empyema with hiccups is rare. Clinicians should consider the possibility of empyema and conduct a chest computed tomography study if unexplained fever and persistent hiccups coexist.

• #103 Hiccups and cancer | Coping with cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/hiccups-and-cancer

  Hiccups usually go away on their own but there are some things you can try. If hiccups carry on for a couple of days they can be difficult to cope with. Tell your doctor as you might need treatment. […] Hiccups can happen when you get a spasm in your diaphragm between normal breaths. You cant control the spasm and hiccups usually go away on their own. But when hiccups are a symptom of cancer, or a side effect of cancer treatment, they can go on for longer. This makes them tiring and difficult to cope with. […] Hiccups normally go away on their own. But if your hiccups are troublesome and last more than a few days, it is important you talk to the team caring for you about them. They will want to find out if there is reason for them so that they can try to help you. […] Having hiccups for a few days or more can be difficult to cope with. They can make you feel anxious and depressed. They can affect your ability to eat and drink, concentration and sleep, and ability to talk.

• #104 Hiccups – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiccups

  Hiccups are a common and usually transient condition affecting almost everyone during their lifetime. A hiccup is also known as a „hiccough” and as a „singultus” from the Latin „singult,” meaning a „gasp” or „sob.” […] While brief bouts of hiccups lasting less than 48 hours are common, little is known about the overall incidence and prevalence of prolonged hiccups in the general population. However, among patients with advanced cancer, a systematic review found that 1 to 9 percent had persistent or intractable hiccups. […] A hiccup occurs due to an involuntary, intermittent, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. This causes sudden inspiration that ends with abrupt closure of the glottis, generating the „hic” sound. The left hemidiaphragm is involved in approximately 80 percent of cases. Hiccups often occur at a frequency of 4 to 60 per minute; the frequency remains relatively constant in a given individual.

• #105 Hiccups Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/hiccups/

  Hiccups happen when your diaphragm, a muscle between your chest and your stomach, suddenly contracts. […] In most cases, hiccups last only a few minutes, go away on their own and do not need treatment. Hiccups that last more than two days or keep coming back could be a sign of an underlying medical condition. […] Hiccups that last more than two days (persistent hiccups) or that keep coming back (recurrent hiccups) may have an underlying medical cause. […] Long-term hiccups can also be a side effect of medication you’re taking, such as: […] You are more likely to get long-term hiccups if you have a condition that affects your metabolism, the process that converts food to energy. […] In rare cases, long-term hiccups may also be a symptom of conditions that affect your central nervous system, such as:

• #106 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #107 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  The irritation of these major nerves is often a common cause of chronic hiccups. […] Conditions that affect the intestines and stomach, and may lead to chronic hiccups include: Gastric distention, Gastritis, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Chronic hiccups may occur postoperatively, some of the common postoperative causes for hiccups include: General anaesthesia (GA), Intubation, Visceral irritation. […] Certain medications may lead to chronic hiccups, some of these include: Diazepam (Valium), Barbiturates, Dexamethasone, Certain chemotherapeutic agents. […] There are some psychogenic factors (i.e. of a psychological origin as opposed to a physical one) that are associated with chronic hiccups.

• #108 What Causes Hiccups: How to Make Them Stop and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hiccups

  Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle structure just below your lungs. […] Most cases of hiccups start and end abruptly, for no noticeable reason. Episodes generally last only a few minutes. […] Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours are considered persistent. Hiccups that last longer than 2 months are considered intractable, or difficult to manage. […] The majority of persistent hiccups are caused by injury or irritation to either the vagus or phrenic nerve. […] Other causes of hiccups may involve the central nervous system (CNS). […] Hiccups that last for longer periods can also be caused by misuse of alcohol, tobacco use, a reaction to anesthesia after surgery, certain classes of medications, including barbiturates, steroids, and tranquilizers, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, kidney failure, arteriovenous malformation, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and chemotherapy treatments.

• #109 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  The irritation of these major nerves is often a common cause of chronic hiccups. […] Conditions that affect the intestines and stomach, and may lead to chronic hiccups include: Gastric distention, Gastritis, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Chronic hiccups may occur postoperatively, some of the common postoperative causes for hiccups include: General anaesthesia (GA), Intubation, Visceral irritation. […] Certain medications may lead to chronic hiccups, some of these include: Diazepam (Valium), Barbiturates, Dexamethasone, Certain chemotherapeutic agents. […] There are some psychogenic factors (i.e. of a psychological origin as opposed to a physical one) that are associated with chronic hiccups.

• #110 What causes hiccups?

  https://www.mymed.com/symptoms/hiccups/what-causes-hiccups

  The irritation of these major nerves is often a common cause of chronic hiccups. […] Conditions that affect the intestines and stomach, and may lead to chronic hiccups include: Gastric distention, Gastritis, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Chronic hiccups may occur postoperatively, some of the common postoperative causes for hiccups include: General anaesthesia (GA), Intubation, Visceral irritation. […] Certain medications may lead to chronic hiccups, some of these include: Diazepam (Valium), Barbiturates, Dexamethasone, Certain chemotherapeutic agents. […] There are some psychogenic factors (i.e. of a psychological origin as opposed to a physical one) that are associated with chronic hiccups.

• #111 Hiccups – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiccups/symptoms-causes/syc-20352613

  Make an appointment to see your health care provider if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they’re so severe that they cause issues with eating, sleeping or breathing. […] Issues that may cause hiccups to last more than 48 hours include nerve damage or irritation, central nervous system disorders, metabolic issues, and certain drug and alcohol problems. […] A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to, or irritation of, the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves. These nerves supply the diaphragm muscle. […] A tumor or infection in your central nervous system or damage to your central nervous system due to an injury can disrupt your body’s normal control of the hiccup reflex. […] Long-term hiccups may result when your body’s metabolism doesn’t work properly. […] Ongoing hiccups may interfere with eating, drinking, sleeping and speaking. Hiccups also can worsen pain.

• #112 Hiccups, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups

  Hiccups usually go away on their own without any treatment. However, some people have hiccups that go on much longer than normal. You should call a healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days. This could be a sign of a more serious condition that needs medical attention. […] The main symptoms of hiccups are a spasm in your diaphragm and a hic sound that comes out of your mouth. Some people with persistent hiccups experience spasms in their diaphragm without the hic sound. […] Hiccups that last longer than two days are more than just a nuisance. They can interfere with your quality of life and lead to trouble with basic needs like eating or sleeping. Possible medications a healthcare provider may prescribe for you include: […] Transient hiccups go away within a couple minutes. Persistent or intractable hiccups can last days, weeks or even months. […] Call your healthcare provider if your hiccups last longer than two days.

• #113 Hiccups – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, followed by quick, noisy closings of the glottis. Brief episodes of hiccups (lasting a few minutes) are very common. […] Sometimes hiccups can last more than 2 days or even more than 1 month. These longer episodes are called persistent hiccups. Persistent hiccups are uncommon but can be quite distressing. […] When the cause is serious, hiccups tend to persist until the cause is corrected. Hiccups due to a brain tumor or stroke may be very hard to stop and may become exhausting. […] People who have hiccups and warning signs should see a doctor right away. People without warning signs should see a doctor if hiccups last more than 2 or 3 days. […] Nearly all hiccups go away with or without treatment. […] For persistent hiccups, treatment is needed, particularly when the cause cannot be easily corrected.

• #114 Hiccups

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiccups/

  Most people get hiccups sometimes. They should only last a few minutes. […] In rare cases, hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can be due to a medical condition or a medicine you’re taking. […] See a GP if hiccups last longer than 48 hours. […] A GP will want to find out if your hiccups are caused by a health condition or medicine you’re taking. […] Treating the condition or changing your medicine should stop your hiccups. […] If there’s no obvious cause, they might be able to prescribe a medicine called chlorpromazine to treat your hiccups.

• #115 Hiccups: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment – Medica Hospital

  https://medicahospitals.in/hiccups/

  Involuntary contractions of the diaphragm (muscle that separates chest and abdomen and plays an important role in breathing) are called Hiccups. Each contraction is followed by a There is a sudden closure of the vocal cords after each contraction, producing the typical hic sound. […] Hiccups usually last only a few minutes in most people. Rarely, it may persist for months, resulting in weight loss and exhaustion. […] Hiccupping is a symptom. It may sometimes be accompanied by a slight tightening sensation in your chest, abdomen or throat. […] See your doctor if your hiccups last more than 48 hours or if they are so severe that they interfere with eating, sleeping or breathing.

• #116 Hiccups: Causes, Serious Signs, Treatment, Home Remedies and More

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hiccups/article.htm

  Hiccups can be prevented by avoiding overeating, eating too quickly, or drinking too much. […] A hiccup is a sudden, involuntary contraction (spasm) of the diaphragm muscle. When the muscle spasms, the vocal cords snap shut, producing the hiccup sound. Most cases of hiccups can be cured or resolved in a short time, and rarely are they a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than three hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Sudden, forceful movement of the diaphragm, that causes the hiccup sound, is the only symptom of hiccups. […] Most cases of hiccups resolve themselves in a short time and rarely are a medical emergency. See your doctor if hiccups last more than 3 hours, or if they disturb your eating or sleeping habits. […] Hiccups are usually harmless and last for a short duration. There is little evidence about the beneficial role of hiccups.

• #117 Hiccups | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/hiccups

  Hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can be a sign of a more serious health problem and should be checked by a doctor. […] Signs of hiccups include an in-breath that is suddenly stopped by your vocal cords closing. This closure causes a „hiccup” sound. The breath being stopped and the „hiccup” sound can’t be controlled. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: […] You have hiccups for more than 2 days. […] Hiccups occur often and get in the way of your activities.

• #118 Hiccups: 10 Common Causes & How to Get Rid of Them – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/hiccups/

  Although hiccups are usually not significant and resolve on their own, it is possible for hiccups to be a sign of a more serious health problem. Therefore, you should seek medical attention if your hiccups: Last for over 2 days, Disrupt your sleep and make you tired, Interrupt your speech. […] In these cases, hiccups may be related to an abnormality in brain functioning or in another organ in the thorax, like the liver or stomach. The doctor may opt to order a chest x-ray and other bloodwork to investigate for the cause of hiccups. If necessary, he or she will initiate the most indicated treatment.

• #119 Hiccups or Stroke? · Conway Medical Center

  https://www.conwaymedicalcenter.com/news/topic/hiccups-or-stroke/

  Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm the muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Most cases of hiccups are harmless and resolve on their own within 48 hours. […] While most hiccups are benign, persistent hiccups in women, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, could indicate a stroke affecting the brainstem. […] Seek immediate medical attention for hiccups if you experience: Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours, Hiccups accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, Any combination of stroke symptoms, including sudden: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side, Confusion or trouble speaking, Severe headache, Vision problems, Dizziness or loss of balance. […] Remember: When it comes to stroke, every minute counts. Being aware of all possible symptoms, including subtle ones like persistent hiccups in women, could make a life-saving difference.

• #120  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #121  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #122  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #123  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #124  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #125  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #126  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #127  When are hiccups serious? | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/general-health/when-are-hiccups-serious

  Hiccups. They can be annoying or embarrassing, but we typically dont think of them as concerning. Theyre usually short-lived, although in rare cases, they can persist. When they last more than a couple of days, or if other symptoms occur at their onset, they can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. […] First, if hiccups persist more than a couple of days, you should seek care with your primary care provider. This is important especially if the hiccups are preventing you from sleeping. Your provider can rule out other medical causes and may prescribe medications if more traditional methods of stopping your hiccups arent working. […] More important than the duration, though, is the onset of additional symptoms with the hiccups. You may need to seek emergency care if your hiccups are accompanied by symptoms such as the sudden onset of numbness or coordination issues. These could indicate a stroke, which is serious and needs immediate treatment. Other symptoms of stroke include the sudden onset of difficulty speaking or swallowing, facial droop, speech change, vision changes (losing part of your vision) or weakness on one side of your body. […] Pay attention to your body. If the onset of hiccups includes any heart-related symptoms, go to an emergency department and get evaluated right away.

• #128 Hiccups or Stroke? · Conway Medical Center

  https://www.conwaymedicalcenter.com/news/topic/hiccups-or-stroke/

  Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm the muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Most cases of hiccups are harmless and resolve on their own within 48 hours. […] While most hiccups are benign, persistent hiccups in women, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, could indicate a stroke affecting the brainstem. […] Seek immediate medical attention for hiccups if you experience: Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours, Hiccups accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, Any combination of stroke symptoms, including sudden: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side, Confusion or trouble speaking, Severe headache, Vision problems, Dizziness or loss of balance. […] Remember: When it comes to stroke, every minute counts. Being aware of all possible symptoms, including subtle ones like persistent hiccups in women, could make a life-saving difference.

• #129 Hiccups or Stroke? · Conway Medical Center

  https://www.conwaymedicalcenter.com/news/topic/hiccups-or-stroke/

  Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm the muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Most cases of hiccups are harmless and resolve on their own within 48 hours. […] While most hiccups are benign, persistent hiccups in women, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, could indicate a stroke affecting the brainstem. […] Seek immediate medical attention for hiccups if you experience: Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours, Hiccups accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, Any combination of stroke symptoms, including sudden: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side, Confusion or trouble speaking, Severe headache, Vision problems, Dizziness or loss of balance. […] Remember: When it comes to stroke, every minute counts. Being aware of all possible symptoms, including subtle ones like persistent hiccups in women, could make a life-saving difference.

• #130 Persistent hiccups as a rare presenting symptom of empyema: a case report | International Journal of Emergency Medicine | Full Text

  https://intjem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12245-024-00603-7

  Empyema is uncommon owing to antibiotic use but still affects patient health if not treated. Hiccups as the initial symptom of empyema are rare; however, empyema should be considered if a patient has persistent hiccups with unexplained fever. […] We report a rare case of empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius in an immunocompetent patient with the main symptoms of persistent hiccups. […] The initial presentation of persistent hiccups is very rare in bacterial empyema. […] While hiccups are seldom mentioned as a clinical manifestation of community-acquired pneumonia, clinicians should still consider this diagnosis in patients with unexplained fever. […] In conclusion, the initial presentation of empyema with hiccups is rare. Clinicians should consider the possibility of empyema and conduct a chest computed tomography study if unexplained fever and persistent hiccups coexist.

• #131 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  Hiccups are brief and involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. […] Hiccups are rarely a cause for concern, but if hiccups become frequent, chronic, and persistent (lasting more than 3 hours), if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, cause reflux of food or vomiting, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, see a doctor. […] Hiccups can be described as brief, irritable spasms of the diaphragm that can occur for a few seconds or minutes. […] The person should seek medical attention if hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up. […] A person should see a doctor if the hiccups become chronic and persistent (if they last more than 3 hours), or if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, or cause reflux of food or vomiting.

• #132 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  Hiccups are brief and involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. […] Hiccups are rarely a cause for concern, but if hiccups become frequent, chronic, and persistent (lasting more than 3 hours), if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, cause reflux of food or vomiting, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, see a doctor. […] Hiccups can be described as brief, irritable spasms of the diaphragm that can occur for a few seconds or minutes. […] The person should seek medical attention if hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up. […] A person should see a doctor if the hiccups become chronic and persistent (if they last more than 3 hours), or if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, or cause reflux of food or vomiting.

• #133 Hiccups | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiccups

  Hiccups, also known as hiccoughs, are caused by a spasm of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the thin muscle between the chest and abdomen. If it suddenly and involuntarily contracts or tightens, it causes a sharp intake of breath. When this happens, you quickly close your vocal cords, which produces the hiccup sound. […] Hiccups can be annoying but are not usually serious and typically go away after a while. If hiccups go on for longer than 2 days, they are considered persistent or long-lasting, and can interfere with eating and sleeping. […] See your doctor if your hiccups last for more than 2 days, if you have trouble breathing or swallowing, or if you have a severe pain in the abdomen (belly). […] Long-lasting hiccups can cause discomfort and pain, disrupt sleeping and eating, and may cause anxiety or depression. […] Sometimes hiccups can be a sign of an underlying disease. For hiccups that have gone on for 2 days or longer, or are recurrent, see your doctor. […] Hiccups that last for days, weeks or even years may be symptomatic of underlying disease.

• #134 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  Hiccups are brief and involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. […] Hiccups are rarely a cause for concern, but if hiccups become frequent, chronic, and persistent (lasting more than 3 hours), if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, cause reflux of food or vomiting, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, see a doctor. […] Hiccups can be described as brief, irritable spasms of the diaphragm that can occur for a few seconds or minutes. […] The person should seek medical attention if hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up. […] A person should see a doctor if the hiccups become chronic and persistent (if they last more than 3 hours), or if they affect sleeping patterns, interfere with eating, or cause reflux of food or vomiting.

• #135 Diagnostics Test for Persistent Hiccups Symptom | Sprint Diagnostics Hyderabad

  https://www.sprintdiagnostics.in/symptoms/persistent-hiccups

  Persistent hiccups can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of these include gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), central nervous system disorders, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and certain medications. In rare cases, they may also be caused by more serious health conditions like stroke, tumors, or lesions in the brain. […] The primary symptom of persistent hiccups is a hiccup bout that lasts for more than 48 hours. Other symptoms may accompany the hiccups, depending on the underlying cause. These could include heartburn, changes in appetite, feeling full quickly, unexplained weight loss, or neurological symptoms like numbness or weakness. […] Red flag signs include hiccups that persist for more than 48 hours, severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting blood, or significant weight loss. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition, and medical attention should be sought immediately.

• #136 Hiccups – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiccups

  Hiccups are a common and usually transient condition affecting almost everyone during their lifetime. A hiccup is also known as a „hiccough” and as a „singultus” from the Latin „singult,” meaning a „gasp” or „sob.” […] While brief bouts of hiccups lasting less than 48 hours are common, little is known about the overall incidence and prevalence of prolonged hiccups in the general population. However, among patients with advanced cancer, a systematic review found that 1 to 9 percent had persistent or intractable hiccups. […] A hiccup occurs due to an involuntary, intermittent, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. This causes sudden inspiration that ends with abrupt closure of the glottis, generating the „hic” sound. The left hemidiaphragm is involved in approximately 80 percent of cases. Hiccups often occur at a frequency of 4 to 60 per minute; the frequency remains relatively constant in a given individual.

• #137 Hiccups | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/hiccups

  Hiccups are unintended spasms of the diaphragm followed by quick closing of the vocal cords. The closing of the vocal cords makes the sound of hiccups. Hiccups are described based on how long they last: acute hiccups last up to 2 days […] persistent hiccups last longer than 2 days […] intractable hiccups last longer than 1 month. Hiccups are usually acute and go away on their own within minutes or hours. People with advanced cancer have a higher than average chance of getting persistent or intractable hiccups. Up to about 10% of people with advanced cancer get these long-lasting hiccups. Persistent and intractable hiccups can have negative effects on your activities of daily living. They can interfere with talking, eating, drinking and sleeping. They can also affect your mood and can make your pain worse. If your hiccups don’t go away, report them to your doctor or healthcare team without waiting for your next scheduled appointment.

• #138 Prone to hiccups? Here’s what you need to know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/prone-hiccups-heres-what-you-need-know

  If your hiccups last longer than two days or interrupt your ability to sleep or eat, contact your primary care physician (PCP). […] In rare cases, persistent or intractable hiccups can indicate an underlying condition. If they do, youll typically have other symptoms of that condition, too. Hiccups may be a sign of: Cardiovascular disorders, such as aortic aneurism or pericarditis, Central nervous system conditions, with 20% of people with Parkinsons disease reporting recurrent hiccups, Ear, nose and throat disorders, including laryngitis and neoplasms (abnormal tissue growth), Esophageal tumors, which involve persistent hiccups in 25% of cases, Gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD and pancreatitis.

• #139 Heartburn & Hiccups: Why These Symptoms Could Be Something More Serious Than A Casual Annoyance

  https://ogcancerni.com/heartburn-hiccups-why-these-symptoms-could-be-something-more-serious-than-a-casual-annoyance/

  You may be surprised by this one, but hiccups may occur when an oesophageal tumour invades the phrenic nerve or diaphragm. When these structures are irritated, they cause repeated contractions of the diaphragm, hence the hiccups! […] While hiccupping is a normal occurrence, is familiar to most people and usually terminates on its own, it should be investigated if it lasts longer than a month or so, when it is much less common. […] If hiccupping lasts longer than two days and is linked to other issues, such as heartburn or trouble swallowing (see below) then, you should consult your GP for further examination. […] Oesophageal cancer like many other cancers does not discriminate between age or sex and knowing and recognising the signs and symptoms are crucial to early diagnosis. If you suffer from any of the following symptoms for longer than 3 weeks you should consult your doctor. […] Hiccupping that wont go away.

• #140 Constant Hiccups – Hiccups Causes – Hiccups Treatment –

  https://heartburncanceruk.org/symptoms-related-conditions/hiccups/

  Hiccups may occur individually, or they may occur in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. […] A hiccup consists of a single or a series of breathing diaphragm spasms, of variable spacing and duration, and a brief (less than one half second), unexpected, shoulder, abdomen, throat, or full body tremor. […] If hiccupping lasts longer than two days and is linked to other issues, such as heartburn or dysphagia (trouble swallowing) you should consult your GP as soon as possible for further examination. […] While hiccups are normal and familiar to most people, and only usually last a short time, it should be investigated if they last longer than a month or so, when it is much less common as there could be an underlying cause. Gastrointestinal causes of hiccups include GORD (gastro oesophageal reflux disorder), hiatus hernia and Oesophageal Cancer.

• #141 Hiccups or Stroke? · Conway Medical Center

  https://www.conwaymedicalcenter.com/news/topic/hiccups-or-stroke/

  Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm the muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen. Most cases of hiccups are harmless and resolve on their own within 48 hours. […] While most hiccups are benign, persistent hiccups in women, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, could indicate a stroke affecting the brainstem. […] Seek immediate medical attention for hiccups if you experience: Hiccups lasting more than 48 hours, Hiccups accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, Any combination of stroke symptoms, including sudden: Numbness or weakness, especially on one side, Confusion or trouble speaking, Severe headache, Vision problems, Dizziness or loss of balance. […] Remember: When it comes to stroke, every minute counts. Being aware of all possible symptoms, including subtle ones like persistent hiccups in women, could make a life-saving difference.

• #142 7 Stroke Symptoms in Women | Geisinger

  https://www.geisinger.org/health-and-wellness/wellness-articles/2023/05/23/15/05/stroke-symptoms-in-women

  Hiccups, fatigue and nausea can be subtle signs of a stroke in women. […] Seven less common symptoms of strokes in women include: […] Persistent hiccups. […] If you have any of these symptoms, plus the more common signs of a stroke, seek medical advice.

• #143 Hiccups: Causes, treatments, and complications

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181573

  Hiccups in infants may also result from changes in stomach temperature. For example, this may be the case if they consume a cold drink then have something warm to eat. […] Generally, hiccups tend to be a sign of healthy growth and development. However, frequent hiccups may also result from GERD, which is a common and easily treatable condition in infants. […] Prolonged hiccups can lead to complications such as weight loss and dehydration, insomnia, fatigue, communication problems, depression, and delayed wound healing. […] Hiccups that last for under 48 hours do not usually need any medical attention because they typically resolve on their own. If they persist for longer than this, the person should consult a doctor.

• #144 Dog Hiccups: What Are They and How Do Dogs Get Them? | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/general-health/dog-hiccups

  Dogs can get hiccupsthis is caused by spasms in a pup’s diaphragm. […] Most cases of hiccups in dogs will go away on their own very quickly, especially if you can figure out and fix the underlying cause. […] On rare occasions, hiccups can be related to medical conditions. […] A hiccup looks like an uncoordinated breath that comes with a hic-cup sound. […] Hiccups happen because of spasms in the diaphragm, an organ made of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. […] Hiccups can also happen after drinking or eating, especially if they eat or drink quickly. […] Dog hiccups often go away within a few minutes. […] Hiccups can occur in dogs of all ages, shapes, and breeds. […] Hiccups are also more common in puppies than adult dogs. […] Most often, the cause of hiccups in puppies is harmless.

• #145 Hiccups in Dogs & Puppies: Causes, Cures, Concerns | Pawlicy Advisor

  https://www.pawlicy.com/blog/hiccups-in-dogs-and-puppies/

  Yes, dogs can get hiccups. In fact, they’re quite common, and in most cases, nothing to worry about. Dog hiccups are very similar to human hiccups. They occur when the diaphragm (the muscle between the abdomen and the chest cavity) contracts involuntarily. […] When your canine companion gets the hiccups, their inhaling breathe is followed by abrupt stops, which might shake their belly and chest, causing them to make a „hic” sound. As a dog ages, the frequency of hiccup bouts usually decreases. […] Dogs get hiccups when their diaphragm is irritated, causing it to contract then relax in involuntary spasms. The most common cause of dog hiccups is eating or drinking too quickly because it forces them to swallow air along with the food or water. […] Puppies of all ages from newborns to 6-month-olds can get hiccups. Hiccups are far more common in small puppies than in grown-up dogs, with almost all puppies exhibiting hiccups at some point during their development. In fact, puppies experience hiccups even before they’re born, while they’re still in their mother’s womb.

• #146 Dog Hiccups: What Are They and How Do Dogs Get Them? | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/general-health/dog-hiccups

  If your pup has hiccups and symptoms of an upset stomach, such as vomiting, diarrhea or change in appetite, a vet visit is recommended. […] Hiccups become more serious when there are other signs, such as drooling, vomiting, retching, anorexia (low appetite), lethargy, coughing, wheezing, hard swallowing. […] If your dog seems bothered or agitated by the hiccups, that can show you need to see the veterinarian. […] If your dog is in pain or is not eating or drinking along with the hiccups, then a vet visit would be a good idea to make sure that your pup is healthy. […] Most cases of hiccups in dogs will go away on their own very quickly, especially if you can figure out and fix the underlying cause. […] Hiccups can be completely normal in dogs. […] If the hiccups last more than an hour or if your dog appears to be in pain or distressed, then it is right to be concerned. […] Dogs often get rid of hiccups without any help.

• #147 Hiccups in Dogs & Puppies: Causes, Cures, Concerns | Pawlicy Advisor

  https://www.pawlicy.com/blog/hiccups-in-dogs-and-puppies/

  Occasional hiccups are a perfectly normal occurrence in dogs and should not be a cause for concern. However, if your pup’s hiccups occur very often, if they last for longer than a couple of hours at a time, or they begin to interfere with their daily activities, you should get in touch with your veterinarian. […] Dog hiccups occur when the diaphragm involuntarily contracts and might result from eating or drinking too fast, over-excitement, or stress. […] Puppy hiccups are quite common, and these hiccups typically become less frequent as your pet gets older.

• #148 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #149 Hiccups

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiccups/

  Most people get hiccups sometimes. They should only last a few minutes. […] In rare cases, hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can be due to a medical condition or a medicine you’re taking. […] See a GP if hiccups last longer than 48 hours. […] A GP will want to find out if your hiccups are caused by a health condition or medicine you’re taking. […] Treating the condition or changing your medicine should stop your hiccups. […] If there’s no obvious cause, they might be able to prescribe a medicine called chlorpromazine to treat your hiccups.

• #150 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #151 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #152 Hiccups: 10 Common Causes & How to Get Rid of Them – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/hiccups/

  Although hiccups are usually not significant and resolve on their own, it is possible for hiccups to be a sign of a more serious health problem. Therefore, you should seek medical attention if your hiccups: Last for over 2 days, Disrupt your sleep and make you tired, Interrupt your speech. […] In these cases, hiccups may be related to an abnormality in brain functioning or in another organ in the thorax, like the liver or stomach. The doctor may opt to order a chest x-ray and other bloodwork to investigate for the cause of hiccups. If necessary, he or she will initiate the most indicated treatment.

• #153 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #154 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #155 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #156 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #157 Hiccups – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/symptoms-of-gastrointestinal-disorders/hiccups

  Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm followed by sudden closure of the glottis, which checks the inflow of air and causes the characteristic sound. Transient episodes are very common. Persistent (2 days) and intractable (1 month) hiccups are uncommon but quite distressing. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups have myriad causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups). […] Few findings are specific. Hiccups after alcohol consumption or surgery may well be related to those events. Other possible causes (see table Some Causes of Intractable Hiccups) are both numerous and rarely a cause of hiccups. […] Patients with hiccups of longer duration and no obvious cause should have testing, including serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, chest radiograph, and ECG. Upper GI endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring should be considered. If these are unremarkable, brain MRI and chest CT may be done.

• #158 Persistent hiccups as a rare presenting symptom of empyema: a case report | International Journal of Emergency Medicine | Full Text

  https://intjem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12245-024-00603-7

  Empyema is uncommon owing to antibiotic use but still affects patient health if not treated. Hiccups as the initial symptom of empyema are rare; however, empyema should be considered if a patient has persistent hiccups with unexplained fever. […] We report a rare case of empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius in an immunocompetent patient with the main symptoms of persistent hiccups. […] The initial presentation of persistent hiccups is very rare in bacterial empyema. […] While hiccups are seldom mentioned as a clinical manifestation of community-acquired pneumonia, clinicians should still consider this diagnosis in patients with unexplained fever. […] In conclusion, the initial presentation of empyema with hiccups is rare. Clinicians should consider the possibility of empyema and conduct a chest computed tomography study if unexplained fever and persistent hiccups coexist.

• #159 Hiccups: 10 Common Causes & How to Get Rid of Them – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/hiccups/

  Although hiccups are usually not significant and resolve on their own, it is possible for hiccups to be a sign of a more serious health problem. Therefore, you should seek medical attention if your hiccups: Last for over 2 days, Disrupt your sleep and make you tired, Interrupt your speech. […] In these cases, hiccups may be related to an abnormality in brain functioning or in another organ in the thorax, like the liver or stomach. The doctor may opt to order a chest x-ray and other bloodwork to investigate for the cause of hiccups. If necessary, he or she will initiate the most indicated treatment.

• #160 Hiccups: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775746-overview

  Brief episodes of hiccups are a common part of life; however, prolonged attacks are a more serious phenomenon and have been associated with significant morbidity and even death. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups frequently are associated with an underlying pathologic process, and efforts must be made to identify causes and effects. […] A hiccup bout is any episode lasting more than a few minutes. Hiccups lasting longer than 48 hours are considered persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than 1 month are termed intractable. The longest recorded attack of hiccups lasted for 6 decades. […] In general, hiccups are self-limited, and the prognosis is excellent. The prognosis of protracted hiccups is related to that of the underlying etiology. […] Protracted hiccups often are associated with underlying organic disease and often induce social and emotional distress. Therapy must address causative and complicating factors of protracted hiccups. Complications of hiccups may include the following: Arrhythmias, Gastroesophageal reflux, In prolonged cases, weight loss and sleep disturbance.

• #161 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  If hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, the person should seek medical attention. […] The prognosis for hiccups is good. For most people, hiccups usually stop by themselves with no lingering effects. If hiccups continue, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and chronic hiccups may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders. […] In healthy people, hiccups usually go away by themselves with no serious effects after that. If hiccups continue, however, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and if prolonged may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders.

• #162 Hiccups: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775746-overview

  Brief episodes of hiccups are a common part of life; however, prolonged attacks are a more serious phenomenon and have been associated with significant morbidity and even death. […] Persistent and intractable hiccups frequently are associated with an underlying pathologic process, and efforts must be made to identify causes and effects. […] A hiccup bout is any episode lasting more than a few minutes. Hiccups lasting longer than 48 hours are considered persistent or protracted. Hiccups lasting longer than 1 month are termed intractable. The longest recorded attack of hiccups lasted for 6 decades. […] In general, hiccups are self-limited, and the prognosis is excellent. The prognosis of protracted hiccups is related to that of the underlying etiology. […] Protracted hiccups often are associated with underlying organic disease and often induce social and emotional distress. Therapy must address causative and complicating factors of protracted hiccups. Complications of hiccups may include the following: Arrhythmias, Gastroesophageal reflux, In prolonged cases, weight loss and sleep disturbance.

• #163 How to Get Rid of Hiccups: Home Remedies, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiccups/article_em.htm

  If hiccups last for more than 3 hours, occur with severe abdominal pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, spitting up blood, or feeling as if the throat is going to close up, the person should seek medical attention. […] The prognosis for hiccups is good. For most people, hiccups usually stop by themselves with no lingering effects. If hiccups continue, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and chronic hiccups may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders. […] In healthy people, hiccups usually go away by themselves with no serious effects after that. If hiccups continue, however, they may cause social embarrassment and distress, and if prolonged may result in speech, eating, and sleeping disorders.

• #164 Singultus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538225/

  Hiccups are usually a self-limited process and relatively benign. Management of underlying etiologies typically improves the hiccup frequency and duration. […] Acute hiccups result in temporary discomfort, GERD, emotional disturbance and rarely aspiration, however persistent and intractable hiccups can have profound effects on quality of life, with decreased ability to tolerate oral intake leading to dehydration, malnutrition, fatigue, and weight loss, as well as insomnia, despair, depression, and exhaustion.

• #165 Hiccups – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1040

  Hiccups are a common and mostly harmless condition. […] Most hiccups are benign and self-limiting, rarely requiring medical attention. However, various organic causes can lead to chronic hiccups that can last for years. […] Chronic hiccups can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life.

• #166 Hiccups – Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

  https://www.epocrates.com/online/diseases/1040/hiccups

  Hiccups are a common and mostly harmless condition. […] Most hiccups are benign and self-limited, rarely requiring medical attention. However, various organic causes can lead to chronic hiccups that can last for years. […] Chronic hiccups can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, insomnia, and reduced quality of life.

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