Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects a persons mood, energy, activity and thought and is characterized by manic (or hypomanic) and depressive episodes. An estimated 40 million people live with bipolar disorder worldwide. Bipolar disorder is associated with significant disability and difficulties in many areas of life. […] Worldwide, the treatment coverage for people with bipolar disorder is low. Both men and women are often misdiagnosed. Many lack access to services and recommended interventions, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Bipolar disorder is one of the leading causes of disability globally as it can affect many areas of life. […] People with bipolar disorder are more likely to smoke, use alcohol, have a physical health condition (e.g. cardiovascular or respiratory disease), and experience difficulties in accessing health care.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  In 2019, 40 million people experienced bipolar disorder. […] People with bipolar disorder experience alternating depressive episodes with periods of manic symptoms. […] People with bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of suicide. Yet effective treatment options exist including psychoeducation, reduction of stress and strengthening of social functioning, and medication.

• #3 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 and older every year. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world. (World Health Organization) […] Bipolar disorder results in 9.2 years reduction in expected life span, and as many as one in five patients with bipolar disorder completes suicide. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disorder. When one parent has bipolar disorder, the risk to each child is l5 to 30%. When both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 50 to 75%. (National Institute of Mental Health)

• #4 Bipolar disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

  Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide and has a lifetime prevalence of about 1 to 3% in the general population. […] A reanalysis of data from the National Epidemiological Catchment Area survey in the United States suggested that 0.8% of the population experience a manic episode at least once (the diagnostic threshold for bipolar I) and a further 0.5% have a hypomanic episode (the diagnostic threshold for bipolar II or cyclothymia). Including sub-threshold diagnostic criteria, such as one or two symptoms over a short time-period, an additional 5.1% of the population, adding up to a total of 6.4%, were classified as having a bipolar spectrum disorder. […] A more recent analysis of data from a second US National Comorbidity Survey found that 1% met lifetime prevalence criteria for bipolar I, 1.1% for bipolar II, and 2.4% for subthreshold symptoms.

• #5 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  Bipolar disorder is a multifactorial illness with uncertain aetiology. Knowledge of potential risk factors enables clinicians to identify patients who are more likely to develop bipolar disorder, which directs further investigation, follow up and caution when prescribing. This article reviews the epidemiology of bipolar disorder, along with putative demographic, genetic and environmental risk factors, while assessing the strength of these associations and to what extent they might be said to be causative. […] Epidemiological studies have suggested a lifetime prevalence of around 1% for bipolar type I in the general population. A large cross-sectional survey of 11 countries found the overall lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders was 2.4%, with a prevalence of 0.6% for bipolar type I and 0.4% for bipolar type II.

• #6 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  Bipolar disorder is a multifactorial illness with uncertain aetiology. Knowledge of potential risk factors enables clinicians to identify patients who are more likely to develop bipolar disorder, which directs further investigation, follow up and caution when prescribing. This article reviews the epidemiology of bipolar disorder, along with putative demographic, genetic and environmental risk factors, while assessing the strength of these associations and to what extent they might be said to be causative. […] Epidemiological studies have suggested a lifetime prevalence of around 1% for bipolar type I in the general population. A large cross-sectional survey of 11 countries found the overall lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders was 2.4%, with a prevalence of 0.6% for bipolar type I and 0.4% for bipolar type II.

• #7 Is Psychiatric Epidemiology Still Counting?

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/is-psychiatric-epidemiology-still-counting/

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of burden worldwide and contributes significantly to premature death: the suicide risk in BD subjects is up to 30 times higher than the general population, with 1 in 4 or 5 people attempting suicide. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 0.62%, with lower rates in Asia and Africa. […] The inclusion of bipolar disorder not otherwise studied (NOS) or bipolar spectrum disorders doubled the rates. […] In summary, the highest prevalence of bipolar disorder was in North and South America; Australia, Asia, and Africa had the lowest rates; and the Middle East and Europe were moderate. […] Moreira et al have pointed out the complexity and methodological downsides of attempting to understand international rates of psychiatric disorders over time. […] Our ability to understand risks for psychiatric illness, to detect underserved persons, and to detect and prevent outbreaks might be greater if future epidemiology research includes regular monitoring of the rates of psychiatric disorders.

• #8 Bipolar II disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_II_disorder

  The global estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults range from 1 to 3 percent. The annual incidence is estimated to vary from 0.3 to 1.2 percent worldwide. According to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, the lifetime prevalence of BP-II was found to be 0.4%, with a 12-month prevalence of 0.3%. Other meta-analyses have found lifetime prevalence of BP-II up to 1.57%. In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of BP-II was found to be 1.1%, with a 12-month prevalence of 0.8%. The mean age of onset for BP-II was 20 years. Thus far, there have been no studies that have conclusively demonstrated that an unequal distribution of bipolar disorders across sex and ethnicity exists. […] A vast majority of studies and meta-analysis do not differentiate between BP-I and BP-II, and current epidemiology data may not accurately describe true prevalence and incidence. In addition, BP-II is underdiagnosed in practice, and it is easy to miss milder forms of the condition.

• #9 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  The lifelong prevalence of bipolar disorder, including subsyndromal forms in the United States, has been noted to range from 0.9% to 2.1%. […] Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and subthreshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] Globally, the lifelong prevalence rate of bipolar disorder is 0.3-1.5%. […] In cross-sectional, face-to-face household surveys of more than 61,000 adults across 11 countries, Merikangas et al, using the World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0, determined that the aggregate lifetime prevalences were 0.6% for BPI, 0.4% for BPII, 1.4% for subthreshold bipolar disorder, and 2.4% for bipolar spectrum.

• #10 Bipolar disorder epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bipolar_disorder_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent. […] The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals. […] In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 1 percent, and bipolar II disorder 1.1 percent. […] Bipolar disorder is the 18th leading cause of disability in the United States. […] The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is approximately 2 percent. […] Community studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder may be greater among adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) than children (age 12 years).

• #11 Bipolar Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder

  An estimated 2.8% of U.S. adults had bipolar disorder in the past year. […] An estimated 4.4% of U.S. adults experience bipolar disorder at some time in their lives. […] An estimated 82.9% of people with bipolar disorder had serious impairment, the highest percent serious impairment among mood disorders. […] An estimated 2.9% of adolescents had bipolar disorder, and 2.6% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents was higher for females (3.3%) than for males (2.6%).

• #12 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 and older every year. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world. (World Health Organization) […] Bipolar disorder results in 9.2 years reduction in expected life span, and as many as one in five patients with bipolar disorder completes suicide. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disorder. When one parent has bipolar disorder, the risk to each child is l5 to 30%. When both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 50 to 75%. (National Institute of Mental Health)

• #13 Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/1/e101255

  Bipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical, psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults. […] The aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10-24 years at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100 000 population in 1990 to 84.97 per 100 000 population in 2019, AAPC 0.24. […] In the past three decades, there has been an increase in incidence, prevalence and YLDs in both males and females. […] The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20-24 years old. […] The global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.

• #14 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #15 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #16 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  A recent meta-analysis of 25 studies found a pooled lifetime prevalence of 1.06% and 1.57% for bipolar type I and II, respectively, although the majority of the included studies were from North or South America. […] The reason for international variations in the prevalence of bipolar is not entirely clear, and ethnicity, cultural factors and variations in diagnostic criteria and study methodology may each have an impact. […] The mean age of onset for bipolar appears to be in the early twenties, although findings vary between 20-30 years. A bimodal distribution of the incidence of bipolar has been suggested, supported by a large population-based cohort study, which found two peaks in age of onset at 15-24 years and at 45-54 years. […] There is also emerging evidence for an association between urban environments and increased rates of bipolar.

• #17 Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html

  Bipolar disorders, affecting more than 1% of the world’s population, have no predilection for race, sex, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar I disorder has a higher lifetime incidence than bipolar II disorder (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). The mean age at onset is 18 years in bipolar I disorder and 22 years in bipolar II disorder. […] One-fourth of patients presenting with depression or anxiety in a primary care setting have been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. Three-fourths of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of three additional and concurrent mental health conditions, most commonly anxiety disorders, impulse control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and substance use disorders, which are associated with worse outcomes. One-third of patients who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide in their lifetime, 16% will have attempted suicide within the past year, and 6% to 7% complete suicide. […] Patients who have anxious distress have a higher risk of suicide, longer illness duration, and poorer response to medication.

• #18 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #19 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  A recent meta-analysis of 25 studies found a pooled lifetime prevalence of 1.06% and 1.57% for bipolar type I and II, respectively, although the majority of the included studies were from North or South America. […] The reason for international variations in the prevalence of bipolar is not entirely clear, and ethnicity, cultural factors and variations in diagnostic criteria and study methodology may each have an impact. […] The mean age of onset for bipolar appears to be in the early twenties, although findings vary between 20-30 years. A bimodal distribution of the incidence of bipolar has been suggested, supported by a large population-based cohort study, which found two peaks in age of onset at 15-24 years and at 45-54 years. […] There is also emerging evidence for an association between urban environments and increased rates of bipolar.

• #20 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #21 Unit 7 epidemiology bipolar disorder | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/unit-7-epidemiology-bipolar-disorder/10390783

  Bipolar disorder has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1-3% according to population studies. The average age of onset is 25 years old, though onset can range from 12 to 65+ years old. Bipolar disorder is more common in urban populations and among those who are cohabiting, divorced or never married. A family history of bipolar disorder is also a risk factor. Earlier epidemiological studies found the prevalence of bipolar disorder did not differ by sex or ethnicity. […] Based on the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) the most recent nationally representative survey Earlier studies (NCS; Epidemiologic Catchment Area [ECA]) found slightly lower lifetime prevalence rates (~1%). Population-based studies in 10 different countries have found consistent lifetime prevalence rates of bipolar disorder (0.3 to 1.5%).

• #22 Bipolar disorder epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bipolar_disorder_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent. […] The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals. […] In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 1 percent, and bipolar II disorder 1.1 percent. […] Bipolar disorder is the 18th leading cause of disability in the United States. […] The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is approximately 2 percent. […] Community studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder may be greater among adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) than children (age 12 years).

• #23 Old Age Bipolar Disorder—Epidemiology, Aetiology and Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/6/587

  Data regarding older age bipolar disorder (OABD) are sparse. The aim of the present literature review is to provide more information on specific issues concerning OABD, such as epidemiology, aetiology and treatments outcomes. The elderly represents the fastest growing group of the population. It is fair to assume that the portion of old age patients suffering from bipolar disorder will grow in a similar manner. Data regarding geriatric mania or bipolar disorder (BD) are sparse. The point prevalence of bipolar disorder in older patients was assumed to be considerably less than the approximate 1% found in the general population. However, Angst and colleagues described a rate of diagnostic change from a unipolar to a bipolar I diagnosis of 1% and of 0.5% per year to bipolar II. This would result in an increase in older age bipolar disorder (OABD) at the expense of unipolar depression. A record analysis of 35,000 community patients suggests that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in older patients differs only marginally from the one in younger patients. This is in line with more recent epidemiological studies that report a proportion of 0.5–1% of old age bipolar I and II patients. Even higher numbers have been observed in special settings, e.g., a prevalence of 3–10% in nursing homes. Elderly patients (≥60 years) represent approximately 25% of the bipolar population, and approximately 70% of the elderly bipolar patients are female. Summarizing the different studies, 5–10% of patients were ≥50 years of age when they experienced their first manic episode, constituting the subgroup of late onset bipolar disorder (LOBD). A second subgroup consists of elder patients with a long standing clinical history of BD, the so called “early onset” patients (EOBD). The purpose of this educational literature review is to summarize the- still sparse-knowledge of OABD and its epidemiology, aetiology and treatments outcomes.

• #24 Bipolar disorder epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bipolar_disorder_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent. […] The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals. […] In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 1 percent, and bipolar II disorder 1.1 percent. […] Bipolar disorder is the 18th leading cause of disability in the United States. […] The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is approximately 2 percent. […] Community studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder may be greater among adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) than children (age 12 years).

• #25 Bipolar disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder

  Estimates vary about how many children and young adults have bipolar disorder. […] These estimates range from 0.6 to 15% depending on differing settings, methods, and referral settings, raising suspicions of overdiagnosis. […] One meta-analysis of bipolar disorder in young people worldwide estimated that about 1.8% of people between the ages of seven and 21 have bipolar disorder. […] Similar to adults, bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is thought to occur at a similar frequency in boys and girls.

• #26 Bipolar Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder

  An estimated 2.8% of U.S. adults had bipolar disorder in the past year. […] An estimated 4.4% of U.S. adults experience bipolar disorder at some time in their lives. […] An estimated 82.9% of people with bipolar disorder had serious impairment, the highest percent serious impairment among mood disorders. […] An estimated 2.9% of adolescents had bipolar disorder, and 2.6% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents was higher for females (3.3%) than for males (2.6%).

• #27 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar Disorder may be at least as common among youth as among adults. In a recent NIMH study, one percent of adolescents ages 14 to 18 were found to have met criteria for bipolar disorder or cyclothymia in their lifetime. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Up to one-third of the 3.4 million children and adolescents with depression in the United States may actually be experiencing the early onset of bipolar disorder. (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997) […] A gender bias exists in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder: women are far more likely to be misdiagnosed with depression and men are far more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. (DBSA, 2000)

• #28 Bipolar disorder epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bipolar_disorder_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults worldwide is 1 to 3 percent, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and bipolar II disorder was 2.8 percent. […] The one-year prevalence of bipolar I disorder in people aged 65 years and older is approximately 0.4 percent and the lifetime rate is 0.8 percent. These rates were less than rates in younger individuals. […] In the United States, the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 1 percent, and bipolar II disorder 1.1 percent. […] Bipolar disorder is the 18th leading cause of disability in the United States. […] The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is approximately 2 percent. […] Community studies suggest that the prevalence of bipolar disorder may be greater among adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) than children (age 12 years).

• #29 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #30 Bipolar Disorder: A Concise Overview of Etiology, Epidemiology Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literatures

  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/psychology/psychology31.php

  Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1 percent of the population. […] Bipolar disorder is almost always recurrent and can be associated with severe illness-related morbidity and increased medical mortality. […] Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in men and women. […] Bipolar disorder is common and disabling. […] Bipolar disorder is among the most disabling and economically catastrophic medical disorders, ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the common illnesses contributing to the global burden of disease. […] The lifetime risk of bipolar disorder is around 2.6–7.8%, and its early onset and tendency to chronicity mean that its prevalence is relatively high. […] Bipolar disorder was equated with classic manic depressive (i.e., bipolar I) disorder, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder was found to be approximately 1%.

• #31 Bipolar Disorder: A Concise Overview of Etiology, Epidemiology Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literatures

  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/psychology/psychology31.php

  Studies also indicate differences in lifetime prevalence estimates for bipolar disorder type I (BPI) (1.0%), bipolar disorder type II (BPII) (1.1%), and sub threshold bipolar disorders (2.4-4.7%). […] The gender ratio in bipolar disorder (all subtypes combined) is approximately 1:1. However, among bipolar II patients and in special subpopulations, women are overrepresented.

• #32 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #33 Bipolar Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder

  An estimated 2.8% of U.S. adults had bipolar disorder in the past year. […] An estimated 4.4% of U.S. adults experience bipolar disorder at some time in their lives. […] An estimated 82.9% of people with bipolar disorder had serious impairment, the highest percent serious impairment among mood disorders. […] An estimated 2.9% of adolescents had bipolar disorder, and 2.6% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents was higher for females (3.3%) than for males (2.6%).

• #34 Old Age Bipolar Disorder—Epidemiology, Aetiology and Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/6/587

  Data regarding older age bipolar disorder (OABD) are sparse. The aim of the present literature review is to provide more information on specific issues concerning OABD, such as epidemiology, aetiology and treatments outcomes. The elderly represents the fastest growing group of the population. It is fair to assume that the portion of old age patients suffering from bipolar disorder will grow in a similar manner. Data regarding geriatric mania or bipolar disorder (BD) are sparse. The point prevalence of bipolar disorder in older patients was assumed to be considerably less than the approximate 1% found in the general population. However, Angst and colleagues described a rate of diagnostic change from a unipolar to a bipolar I diagnosis of 1% and of 0.5% per year to bipolar II. This would result in an increase in older age bipolar disorder (OABD) at the expense of unipolar depression. A record analysis of 35,000 community patients suggests that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in older patients differs only marginally from the one in younger patients. This is in line with more recent epidemiological studies that report a proportion of 0.5–1% of old age bipolar I and II patients. Even higher numbers have been observed in special settings, e.g., a prevalence of 3–10% in nursing homes. Elderly patients (≥60 years) represent approximately 25% of the bipolar population, and approximately 70% of the elderly bipolar patients are female. Summarizing the different studies, 5–10% of patients were ≥50 years of age when they experienced their first manic episode, constituting the subgroup of late onset bipolar disorder (LOBD). A second subgroup consists of elder patients with a long standing clinical history of BD, the so called “early onset” patients (EOBD). The purpose of this educational literature review is to summarize the- still sparse-knowledge of OABD and its epidemiology, aetiology and treatments outcomes.

• #35 Bipolar disorder statistics 2025 | SingleCare

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Worldwide, approximately 48% of people with bipolar disorder are male and 52% are female. […] On average, bipolar disorder results in a 9.2-year reduction in expected life span. […] There is an increased risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder, with 15% to 17% committing suicide. […] Individuals with bipolar I disorder have a significantly increased lifetime risk of a concomitant substance abuse disorder (SUD) diagnosis. […] Of those with bipolar disorder, many report co-occurring medical conditions, which are most commonly migraine, asthma, and high cholesterol.

• #36

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors including biological (e.g. genetic), psychological, social and structural factors may contribute to its onset, trajectory and outcomes. […] Even though symptoms often recur, recovery is possible. With appropriate care, people with bipolar disorder can cope with their symptoms and live meaningful and productive lives. […] There are a range of effective treatment options, typically a mix of medicines and psychological and psychosocial interventions. […] WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP), which is being implemented in more than 100 countries, provides evidence-based technical guidance, tools and training packages to build capacities and expand treatment coverage for a set of priority conditions, including bipolar disorder, in non-specialized settings in LMICs.

• #37 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  The contribution of genetic factors to bipolar has long been identified, with evidence from twin studies suggesting monozygotic concordance of between 40-70%, and lifetime risk in first-degree relatives is 5-10%; around seven times higher than the general population risk. […] There is also evidence of shared genetic risk between bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. […] However, it is clear that the effect size of each single nucleotide polymorphism is very small. […] There is increasing evidence that cannabis use can act as a risk factor for the development of bipolar as well as psychotic disorders. […] Bipolar is known to be comorbid with a number of medical and psychiatric conditions. […] There is strong evidence for the association between bipolar and irritable bowel syndrome highlighted in a recent large meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies. […] A meta-analysis reported high lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in bipolar patients.

• #38 Epidemiology

  http://www.appstate.edu/~hillrw/bipolar/epidemiology.html

  Lifetime Prevalence of Bipolar Disorders […] The DSM-IV-TR states that males and females have equal lifetime prevalence rates of Bipolar I Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder; it is estimated that the lifetime prevalence rate of Bipolar II Disorder is slightly higher in females (APA, 2000). […] There are NO reports of race or ethicity-based differential incidence of Bipolar Disorder (APA, 2000). […] The American Psychiatric Association reports on their website the peak age of onset for Bipolar symptoms is between 15 and 19 years; this age range is closely followed by the range of 20-24 years. […] The incidence of Bipolar Disorder is significantly high (11%) for patients whose First-Degree relatives have a history of Bipolar Disorder. […] In twin studies, monozygotic twins have shown a 72% concordance rate for Bipolar Disorders, while dizygotic twins have shown a 14% concordance rate (Rehm, Wagner, Ivens-Tyndal, 2001).

• #39 Epidemiology

  http://www.appstate.edu/~hillrw/bipolar/epidemiology.html

  The average concordance rate for monozygotic twins is around 55-60% and for dizygotic twins is 12-15%. […] Rushton, Russell, and Wells (1985) report a concordance rate of 73% for monozygotic twins and 12% for dizygotic twins in patients with Bipolar Disorder. […] The following lifetime prevalence data were derived from a 2001 study involving 288 outpatients with Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder.

• #40 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 and older every year. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world. (World Health Organization) […] Bipolar disorder results in 9.2 years reduction in expected life span, and as many as one in five patients with bipolar disorder completes suicide. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disorder. When one parent has bipolar disorder, the risk to each child is l5 to 30%. When both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 50 to 75%. (National Institute of Mental Health)

• #41 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  The contribution of genetic factors to bipolar has long been identified, with evidence from twin studies suggesting monozygotic concordance of between 40-70%, and lifetime risk in first-degree relatives is 5-10%; around seven times higher than the general population risk. […] There is also evidence of shared genetic risk between bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. […] However, it is clear that the effect size of each single nucleotide polymorphism is very small. […] There is increasing evidence that cannabis use can act as a risk factor for the development of bipolar as well as psychotic disorders. […] Bipolar is known to be comorbid with a number of medical and psychiatric conditions. […] There is strong evidence for the association between bipolar and irritable bowel syndrome highlighted in a recent large meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies. […] A meta-analysis reported high lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in bipolar patients.

• #42

  https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication756601

  Epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in bipolar disorder, either in manic or depressive episodes, although these symptoms do not always meet criteria for a specific anxiety disorder. […] Therefore, the objective of this article is to review clinical and epidemiological studies that have investigated the association between bipolar disorder and anxiety. […] Existing guidelines do recognize that co-morbid anxiety has a negative impact on the course and outcome of bipolar disorder; however, there have been very few double-blind, controlled trials examining the treatment response of patients with bipolar disorder and co-occurring anxiety disorders. […] The co-occurrence of anxiety and bipolar disorder has implications for diagnosis, clinical outcome, treatment and prognosis. Careful screening for co-morbid anxiety symptoms and disorders is warranted when diagnosing and treating patients with bipolar disorder.

• #43 Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html

  Bipolar disorders, affecting more than 1% of the world’s population, have no predilection for race, sex, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar I disorder has a higher lifetime incidence than bipolar II disorder (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). The mean age at onset is 18 years in bipolar I disorder and 22 years in bipolar II disorder. […] One-fourth of patients presenting with depression or anxiety in a primary care setting have been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. Three-fourths of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of three additional and concurrent mental health conditions, most commonly anxiety disorders, impulse control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and substance use disorders, which are associated with worse outcomes. One-third of patients who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide in their lifetime, 16% will have attempted suicide within the past year, and 6% to 7% complete suicide. […] Patients who have anxious distress have a higher risk of suicide, longer illness duration, and poorer response to medication.

• #44 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  The contribution of genetic factors to bipolar has long been identified, with evidence from twin studies suggesting monozygotic concordance of between 40-70%, and lifetime risk in first-degree relatives is 5-10%; around seven times higher than the general population risk. […] There is also evidence of shared genetic risk between bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. […] However, it is clear that the effect size of each single nucleotide polymorphism is very small. […] There is increasing evidence that cannabis use can act as a risk factor for the development of bipolar as well as psychotic disorders. […] Bipolar is known to be comorbid with a number of medical and psychiatric conditions. […] There is strong evidence for the association between bipolar and irritable bowel syndrome highlighted in a recent large meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies. […] A meta-analysis reported high lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in bipolar patients.

• #45

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects a persons mood, energy, activity and thought and is characterized by manic (or hypomanic) and depressive episodes. An estimated 40 million people live with bipolar disorder worldwide. Bipolar disorder is associated with significant disability and difficulties in many areas of life. […] Worldwide, the treatment coverage for people with bipolar disorder is low. Both men and women are often misdiagnosed. Many lack access to services and recommended interventions, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Bipolar disorder is one of the leading causes of disability globally as it can affect many areas of life. […] People with bipolar disorder are more likely to smoke, use alcohol, have a physical health condition (e.g. cardiovascular or respiratory disease), and experience difficulties in accessing health care.

• #46 Bipolar disorder statistics 2025 | SingleCare

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Worldwide, approximately 48% of people with bipolar disorder are male and 52% are female. […] On average, bipolar disorder results in a 9.2-year reduction in expected life span. […] There is an increased risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder, with 15% to 17% committing suicide. […] Individuals with bipolar I disorder have a significantly increased lifetime risk of a concomitant substance abuse disorder (SUD) diagnosis. […] Of those with bipolar disorder, many report co-occurring medical conditions, which are most commonly migraine, asthma, and high cholesterol.

• #47

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects a persons mood, energy, activity and thought and is characterized by manic (or hypomanic) and depressive episodes. An estimated 40 million people live with bipolar disorder worldwide. Bipolar disorder is associated with significant disability and difficulties in many areas of life. […] Worldwide, the treatment coverage for people with bipolar disorder is low. Both men and women are often misdiagnosed. Many lack access to services and recommended interventions, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Bipolar disorder is one of the leading causes of disability globally as it can affect many areas of life. […] People with bipolar disorder are more likely to smoke, use alcohol, have a physical health condition (e.g. cardiovascular or respiratory disease), and experience difficulties in accessing health care.

• #48 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar Disorder may be at least as common among youth as among adults. In a recent NIMH study, one percent of adolescents ages 14 to 18 were found to have met criteria for bipolar disorder or cyclothymia in their lifetime. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Up to one-third of the 3.4 million children and adolescents with depression in the United States may actually be experiencing the early onset of bipolar disorder. (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997) […] A gender bias exists in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder: women are far more likely to be misdiagnosed with depression and men are far more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. (DBSA, 2000)

• #49

  https://www.bipolaruk.org/faqs/bipolar-the-facts

  Bipolar is a severe mental health condition characterised by significant mood swings including manic highs and depressive lows. The majority of individuals with bipolar experience alternating episodes of mania and depression. […] 1% to 2% of the population experience a lifetime prevalence of bipolar and recent research suggests as many as 5% of us are on the bipolar spectrum. […] Bipolar is one of the UKs commonest long-term conditions with almost as many people living with bipolar as cancer (2.4%), it is more than twice as common as dementia (0.8%), epilepsy (0.8%), autism (0.8%), rheumatoid arthritis (0.7%) and learning disabilities (0.5%). […] It takes an average 9.5 years to get a correct diagnosis of bipolar and there is a misdiagnosis an average of 3.5 times. […] There is no national register and the Quality Outcomes Framework, which judges GP performance, groups bipolar with schizophrenia and psychosis, making meaningful assessments of referral rates impossible.

• #50 Diagnostic Criteria and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-63349-2_2

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a spectrum of potentially serious mental health conditions characterized by distinct periods of extreme moods (including both depression and mania). BD is a significant public health challenge, as the diagnosis is associated with profound impacts on functioning, quality of life, health expenditure, and mortality. […] Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential to facilitate the provision of appropriate interventions, including psychological therapies. However, in practice, significant delays between the onset of mood symptoms and BD diagnosis have been noted, which can negatively impact prognosis. […] Key aspects of the epidemiology and course of BD are reviewed. […] Given the unfortunately common and problematic issue of missed or misdiagnosis of individuals with BD, a number of strategies to enhance the accuracy of BD diagnosis are presented, including careful consideration of comorbidities and differential diagnoses, use of screening instruments and structured diagnostic interviews, and ongoing assessment of mood as part of measurement-based care.

• #51

  https://www.bipolaruk.org/faqs/bipolar-the-facts

  Bipolar increases an individuals risk of suicide by up to 20 times. […] We estimated that at least 800 people with bipolar take their lives every year. Of the people with bipolar alive today in the UK, 70,000 will take their own life unless action is taken. […] The World Health Organisation identifies bipolar as one of the top causes of lost years of life and health in 15 to 44 year olds. […] Many people with bipolar continue to lack the basic support and treatment needed to live well with the condition. […] 67% of people with bipolar received no self-management advice when they were first diagnosed. […] Rates of positive screening for bipolar disorder were higher in non-employed people, in those receiving particular benefits, and in people living alone. […] 4% of women on Employment Support Allowance screen positive for bipolar. […] 72% of people with bipolar knew no one else with the condition when they were first diagnosed.

• #52 Bipolar disorder statistics 2025 | SingleCare

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Worldwide, approximately 48% of people with bipolar disorder are male and 52% are female. […] On average, bipolar disorder results in a 9.2-year reduction in expected life span. […] There is an increased risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder, with 15% to 17% committing suicide. […] Individuals with bipolar I disorder have a significantly increased lifetime risk of a concomitant substance abuse disorder (SUD) diagnosis. […] Of those with bipolar disorder, many report co-occurring medical conditions, which are most commonly migraine, asthma, and high cholesterol.

• #53 Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance

  https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million adult Americans, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 and older every year. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the illness or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world. (World Health Organization) […] Bipolar disorder results in 9.2 years reduction in expected life span, and as many as one in five patients with bipolar disorder completes suicide. (National Institute of Mental Health) […] Bipolar disorder is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disorder. When one parent has bipolar disorder, the risk to each child is l5 to 30%. When both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 50 to 75%. (National Institute of Mental Health)

• #54 Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html

  Bipolar disorders, affecting more than 1% of the world’s population, have no predilection for race, sex, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar I disorder has a higher lifetime incidence than bipolar II disorder (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). The mean age at onset is 18 years in bipolar I disorder and 22 years in bipolar II disorder. […] One-fourth of patients presenting with depression or anxiety in a primary care setting have been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. Three-fourths of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of three additional and concurrent mental health conditions, most commonly anxiety disorders, impulse control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and substance use disorders, which are associated with worse outcomes. One-third of patients who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide in their lifetime, 16% will have attempted suicide within the past year, and 6% to 7% complete suicide. […] Patients who have anxious distress have a higher risk of suicide, longer illness duration, and poorer response to medication.

• #55 Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html

  Bipolar disorders, affecting more than 1% of the world’s population, have no predilection for race, sex, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar I disorder has a higher lifetime incidence than bipolar II disorder (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). The mean age at onset is 18 years in bipolar I disorder and 22 years in bipolar II disorder. […] One-fourth of patients presenting with depression or anxiety in a primary care setting have been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. Three-fourths of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of three additional and concurrent mental health conditions, most commonly anxiety disorders, impulse control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and substance use disorders, which are associated with worse outcomes. One-third of patients who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide in their lifetime, 16% will have attempted suicide within the past year, and 6% to 7% complete suicide. […] Patients who have anxious distress have a higher risk of suicide, longer illness duration, and poorer response to medication.

• #56 Bipolar disorder statistics 2025 | SingleCare

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  Worldwide, approximately 48% of people with bipolar disorder are male and 52% are female. […] On average, bipolar disorder results in a 9.2-year reduction in expected life span. […] There is an increased risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder, with 15% to 17% committing suicide. […] Individuals with bipolar I disorder have a significantly increased lifetime risk of a concomitant substance abuse disorder (SUD) diagnosis. […] Of those with bipolar disorder, many report co-occurring medical conditions, which are most commonly migraine, asthma, and high cholesterol.

• #57

  https://www.bipolaruk.org/faqs/bipolar-the-facts

  Bipolar increases an individuals risk of suicide by up to 20 times. […] We estimated that at least 800 people with bipolar take their lives every year. Of the people with bipolar alive today in the UK, 70,000 will take their own life unless action is taken. […] The World Health Organisation identifies bipolar as one of the top causes of lost years of life and health in 15 to 44 year olds. […] Many people with bipolar continue to lack the basic support and treatment needed to live well with the condition. […] 67% of people with bipolar received no self-management advice when they were first diagnosed. […] Rates of positive screening for bipolar disorder were higher in non-employed people, in those receiving particular benefits, and in people living alone. […] 4% of women on Employment Support Allowance screen positive for bipolar. […] 72% of people with bipolar knew no one else with the condition when they were first diagnosed.

• #58 Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/1/e101255

  Bipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical, psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults. […] The aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10-24 years at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100 000 population in 1990 to 84.97 per 100 000 population in 2019, AAPC 0.24. […] In the past three decades, there has been an increase in incidence, prevalence and YLDs in both males and females. […] The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20-24 years old. […] The global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.

• #59 Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/1/e101255

  Bipolar disorder imposes a serious disease burden on adolescents and young adults. […] There is a growing consensus that bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults is a major public health problem. […] The incidence of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults has increased every year since 1990. […] Bipolar disorder is the third leading cause of the burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years, and the burden has continued to grow since 1990 with no evidence of a reduction. […] The trend of increasing incidence of AAPC was observed in all five differing levels of SDI areas during the three decades. […] The findings of this study indicate a rise in the prevalence of bipolar disorder in adolescents and young adults globally between 1990 and 2019, with marked regional differences.

• #60 Global, regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/37/1/e101255

  Bipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical, psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults. […] The aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10-24 years at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019. […] Globally, the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100 000 population in 1990 to 84.97 per 100 000 population in 2019, AAPC 0.24. […] In the past three decades, there has been an increase in incidence, prevalence and YLDs in both males and females. […] The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20-24 years old. […] The global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.

• #61 Bipolar Disorder – Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Market Research Reports & Consulting | GlobalData UK Ltd.

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/bipolar-disorder-epidemiology-analysis/

  Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar depression or manic depression, is a psychological disorder that presents with severe shifts in mood from one extreme to another. The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder varies significantly depending on the study population, diagnostic criteria used, and duration of survey. The lifetime total prevalence of the bipolar spectrum of diseases ranges around the world from 0.1% in Nigeria to more than 6% in the US. […] In the 8MM, 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder are expected to increase from 13,446,327 cases in 2020 to 14,209,094 cases in 2030, at an Annual Growth Rate (AGR) of 0.57%. In 2030, the US will have the highest number of 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder in the 8MM, with 8,595,638 cases, whereas Japan will have the fewest 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder with 215,902 cases. In the 8MM, lifetime total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder are expected to increase from 22,988,066 cases in 2020 to 24,229,373 cases in 2030, at an AGR of 0.54%.

• #62 Bipolar Disorder – Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Market Research Reports & Consulting | GlobalData UK Ltd.

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/bipolar-disorder-epidemiology-analysis/

  Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar depression or manic depression, is a psychological disorder that presents with severe shifts in mood from one extreme to another. The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder varies significantly depending on the study population, diagnostic criteria used, and duration of survey. The lifetime total prevalence of the bipolar spectrum of diseases ranges around the world from 0.1% in Nigeria to more than 6% in the US. […] In the 8MM, 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder are expected to increase from 13,446,327 cases in 2020 to 14,209,094 cases in 2030, at an Annual Growth Rate (AGR) of 0.57%. In 2030, the US will have the highest number of 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder in the 8MM, with 8,595,638 cases, whereas Japan will have the fewest 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder with 215,902 cases. In the 8MM, lifetime total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder are expected to increase from 22,988,066 cases in 2020 to 24,229,373 cases in 2030, at an AGR of 0.54%.

• #63

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors including biological (e.g. genetic), psychological, social and structural factors may contribute to its onset, trajectory and outcomes. […] Even though symptoms often recur, recovery is possible. With appropriate care, people with bipolar disorder can cope with their symptoms and live meaningful and productive lives. […] There are a range of effective treatment options, typically a mix of medicines and psychological and psychosocial interventions. […] WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP), which is being implemented in more than 100 countries, provides evidence-based technical guidance, tools and training packages to build capacities and expand treatment coverage for a set of priority conditions, including bipolar disorder, in non-specialized settings in LMICs.

• #64 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  A recent meta-analysis of 25 studies found a pooled lifetime prevalence of 1.06% and 1.57% for bipolar type I and II, respectively, although the majority of the included studies were from North or South America. […] The reason for international variations in the prevalence of bipolar is not entirely clear, and ethnicity, cultural factors and variations in diagnostic criteria and study methodology may each have an impact. […] The mean age of onset for bipolar appears to be in the early twenties, although findings vary between 20-30 years. A bimodal distribution of the incidence of bipolar has been suggested, supported by a large population-based cohort study, which found two peaks in age of onset at 15-24 years and at 45-54 years. […] There is also emerging evidence for an association between urban environments and increased rates of bipolar.

• #65 Is Psychiatric Epidemiology Still Counting?

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/is-psychiatric-epidemiology-still-counting/

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of burden worldwide and contributes significantly to premature death: the suicide risk in BD subjects is up to 30 times higher than the general population, with 1 in 4 or 5 people attempting suicide. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 0.62%, with lower rates in Asia and Africa. […] The inclusion of bipolar disorder not otherwise studied (NOS) or bipolar spectrum disorders doubled the rates. […] In summary, the highest prevalence of bipolar disorder was in North and South America; Australia, Asia, and Africa had the lowest rates; and the Middle East and Europe were moderate. […] Moreira et al have pointed out the complexity and methodological downsides of attempting to understand international rates of psychiatric disorders over time. […] Our ability to understand risks for psychiatric illness, to detect underserved persons, and to detect and prevent outbreaks might be greater if future epidemiology research includes regular monitoring of the rates of psychiatric disorders.

• #66 Unit 7 epidemiology bipolar disorder | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/unit-7-epidemiology-bipolar-disorder/10390783

  Bipolar disorder has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1-3% according to population studies. The average age of onset is 25 years old, though onset can range from 12 to 65+ years old. Bipolar disorder is more common in urban populations and among those who are cohabiting, divorced or never married. A family history of bipolar disorder is also a risk factor. Earlier epidemiological studies found the prevalence of bipolar disorder did not differ by sex or ethnicity. […] Based on the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) the most recent nationally representative survey Earlier studies (NCS; Epidemiologic Catchment Area [ECA]) found slightly lower lifetime prevalence rates (~1%). Population-based studies in 10 different countries have found consistent lifetime prevalence rates of bipolar disorder (0.3 to 1.5%).

• #67 Bipolar Disorder – Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – Market Research Reports & Consulting | GlobalData UK Ltd.

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/bipolar-disorder-epidemiology-analysis/

  This report provides an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and global and historical trends for bipolar spectrum disorder in the eight major markets (8MM) (US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Japan, and Canada). The report provides a 10-year epidemiological forecast of the 12-month and lifetime total prevalent cases of bipolar spectrum disorder. […] The bipolar disorder epidemiology report and model were written and developed by Masters- and PhD-level epidemiologists. The Epidemiology Report is in-depth, high quality, transparent and market-driven, providing expert analysis of disease trends in the 8MM. The Epidemiology Model is easy to navigate, interactive with dashboards, and epidemiology-based with transparent and consistent methodologies. […] The 12-month total prevalent cases of bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder are further segmented by sex and age in these markets.

• #68 Is Psychiatric Epidemiology Still Counting?

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/is-psychiatric-epidemiology-still-counting/

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of burden worldwide and contributes significantly to premature death: the suicide risk in BD subjects is up to 30 times higher than the general population, with 1 in 4 or 5 people attempting suicide. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 0.62%, with lower rates in Asia and Africa. […] The inclusion of bipolar disorder not otherwise studied (NOS) or bipolar spectrum disorders doubled the rates. […] In summary, the highest prevalence of bipolar disorder was in North and South America; Australia, Asia, and Africa had the lowest rates; and the Middle East and Europe were moderate. […] Moreira et al have pointed out the complexity and methodological downsides of attempting to understand international rates of psychiatric disorders over time. […] Our ability to understand risks for psychiatric illness, to detect underserved persons, and to detect and prevent outbreaks might be greater if future epidemiology research includes regular monitoring of the rates of psychiatric disorders.

• #69

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  In 2019, 40 million people experienced bipolar disorder. […] People with bipolar disorder experience alternating depressive episodes with periods of manic symptoms. […] People with bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of suicide. Yet effective treatment options exist including psychoeducation, reduction of stress and strengthening of social functioning, and medication.

• #70 Bipolar Disorder: A Concise Overview of Etiology, Epidemiology Diagnosis and Management: Review of Literatures

  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/psychology/psychology31.php

  Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1 percent of the population. […] Bipolar disorder is almost always recurrent and can be associated with severe illness-related morbidity and increased medical mortality. […] Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in men and women. […] Bipolar disorder is common and disabling. […] Bipolar disorder is among the most disabling and economically catastrophic medical disorders, ranked by the World Health Organization as one of the common illnesses contributing to the global burden of disease. […] The lifetime risk of bipolar disorder is around 2.6–7.8%, and its early onset and tendency to chronicity mean that its prevalence is relatively high. […] Bipolar disorder was equated with classic manic depressive (i.e., bipolar I) disorder, and the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder was found to be approximately 1%.

• #71 Bipolar disorder statistics 2025 | SingleCare

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/bipolar-disorder-statistics/

  46 million people around the world, including 2.8% of the U.S. population, have bipolar disorder. […] Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that impacts nearly 50 million individuals around the globe. […] Most are diagnosed in their early adult period, with prevalence highest in those in their 3rd decade of life. […] Those with bipolar disorder may experience a shortened life-span from the illness itself or its association with other medical problems. […] The phrase severe mental illness (SMI) is often applied to those diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, of all mental health conditions, as these diagnoses are often so debilitating that individuals ability to engage in functional and occupational activities is impaired. […] The average age of onset is 25 years old. […] People ages 25 to 29 years old had the highest rates of bipolar disorder (0.7%).

• #72 Bipolar Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286342-overview

  Yutzy et al reported an increase in the prevalence of BPI and BPII in recent years. […] The prevalence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults has been steadily rising since 1990, with those aged 15-19 years accounting for a significant portion of cases. […] The age of onset of bipolar disorder varies greatly. For both BPI and BPII, the age range is from childhood to 50 years, with a mean age of approximately 21 years. […] Most cases of bipolar disorder commence when individuals are aged 15-19 years. […] The second most frequent age range of onset is 20-24 years. […] From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults rose from 79.21 per 100,000 to 84.97 per 100,000. […] The age group 20-24 years experienced the most significant rise, from 51.76 per 100,000 in 1990 to 58.37 per 100,000 in 2019. […] BPI occurs equally in both sexes; however, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (≥4 episodes/y) is more common in women than in men. […] The incidence of BPII is higher in females than in males.

• #73 Is Psychiatric Epidemiology Still Counting?

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/is-psychiatric-epidemiology-still-counting/

  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of burden worldwide and contributes significantly to premature death: the suicide risk in BD subjects is up to 30 times higher than the general population, with 1 in 4 or 5 people attempting suicide. […] The lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder was 0.62%, with lower rates in Asia and Africa. […] The inclusion of bipolar disorder not otherwise studied (NOS) or bipolar spectrum disorders doubled the rates. […] In summary, the highest prevalence of bipolar disorder was in North and South America; Australia, Asia, and Africa had the lowest rates; and the Middle East and Europe were moderate. […] Moreira et al have pointed out the complexity and methodological downsides of attempting to understand international rates of psychiatric disorders over time. […] Our ability to understand risks for psychiatric illness, to detect underserved persons, and to detect and prevent outbreaks might be greater if future epidemiology research includes regular monitoring of the rates of psychiatric disorders.

• #74 Unit 7 epidemiology bipolar disorder | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/unit-7-epidemiology-bipolar-disorder/10390783

  Those cohabiting, divorced, or never married are more likely to suffer from bipolar disorder than married individuals. […] The Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Program, the first study in the U.S. that obtained prevalence rates for bipolar disorder using structured diagnostic instruments, found that lifetime prevalence varied by age group, but not by sex or ethnic group.

• #75 Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6116765/

  A recent meta-analysis of 25 studies found a pooled lifetime prevalence of 1.06% and 1.57% for bipolar type I and II, respectively, although the majority of the included studies were from North or South America. […] The reason for international variations in the prevalence of bipolar is not entirely clear, and ethnicity, cultural factors and variations in diagnostic criteria and study methodology may each have an impact. […] The mean age of onset for bipolar appears to be in the early twenties, although findings vary between 20-30 years. A bimodal distribution of the incidence of bipolar has been suggested, supported by a large population-based cohort study, which found two peaks in age of onset at 15-24 years and at 45-54 years. […] There is also emerging evidence for an association between urban environments and increased rates of bipolar.

• #76 Bipolar disorder – History, definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and burden – Neurotorium

  https://neurotorium.org/slidedeck/bipolar-disorder-definitions-diagnosis-burden/

  Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent mood disorder affecting over 1% of the global population. […] Estimates from the WHO World Mental Health survey found that rates of comorbid disorders were significantly greater among those with bipolar I disorder (88.2%) and bipolar II disorder (83.1%), than among those with subthreshold bipolar disorder (69.1%). […] Bipolar disorder is associated with a high mortality rate, driven by the risk of cardiovascular disease and suicide. […] In a qualitative study, patients highlighted several aspects of the BD diagnostic process as challenging, including inadequate referral, late or incorrect diagnosis, healthcare professionals failing to recognize early warning signs, and lack of awareness within society.

• #77 Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0215/p227.html

  Bipolar disorders, affecting more than 1% of the world’s population, have no predilection for race, sex, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar I disorder has a higher lifetime incidence than bipolar II disorder (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). The mean age at onset is 18 years in bipolar I disorder and 22 years in bipolar II disorder. […] One-fourth of patients presenting with depression or anxiety in a primary care setting have been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. Three-fourths of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of three additional and concurrent mental health conditions, most commonly anxiety disorders, impulse control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and substance use disorders, which are associated with worse outcomes. One-third of patients who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide in their lifetime, 16% will have attempted suicide within the past year, and 6% to 7% complete suicide. […] Patients who have anxious distress have a higher risk of suicide, longer illness duration, and poorer response to medication.

• #78

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/bipolar-disorder

  Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects a persons mood, energy, activity and thought and is characterized by manic (or hypomanic) and depressive episodes. An estimated 40 million people live with bipolar disorder worldwide. Bipolar disorder is associated with significant disability and difficulties in many areas of life. […] Worldwide, the treatment coverage for people with bipolar disorder is low. Both men and women are often misdiagnosed. Many lack access to services and recommended interventions, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Bipolar disorder is one of the leading causes of disability globally as it can affect many areas of life. […] People with bipolar disorder are more likely to smoke, use alcohol, have a physical health condition (e.g. cardiovascular or respiratory disease), and experience difficulties in accessing health care.

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