Ból palców – Epidemiologia

Ból palców
Epidemiologia

Ból palców stóp jest powszechnym problemem zdrowotnym, dotykającym około 24% populacji w średnim i starszym wieku, a ból stawu skokowego około 15%. Czynniki ryzyka obejmują płeć żeńską, otyłość, deformacje stóp takie jak paluch koślawy (hallux valgus) i paluch sztywny (hallux rigidus), a także współistniejące schorzenia reumatyczne i bóle innych stawów. Hallux valgus występuje u 23% dorosłych (26% kobiet 18-65 lat, 36% powyżej 65 lat) i jest silnie związany z noszeniem obuwia o wąskim przodzie (OR do 2,70). Hallux rigidus dotyka 2,5% osób powyżej 50 roku życia, częściej kobiety, i jest jedną z głównych przyczyn bólu przedstopia. Zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej, najczęstsza przyczyna bólu pięty, dotyka 10% populacji, generując około miliona wizyt ambulatoryjnych rocznie w USA, z wyższym ryzykiem u kobiet, osób rasy czarnej i aktywnych zawodowo w wieku 25-65 lat. W chorobach reumatycznych częstość problemów ze stopami sięga 99%, a dna moczanowa dotyka około 12% populacji zachodniej, z rosnącą częstością i istotnymi różnicami demograficznymi. Objawowa choroba zwyrodnieniowa śródstopia występuje u 12% osób powyżej 50 lat, z ryzykiem zwiększonym przez otyłość i wcześniejsze urazy.

Epidemiologia bólu palców (Toe pain Epidemiology, surveillance)

Czynniki demograficzne wpływające na częstość występowania
Główne czynniki ryzyka bólu palców
Choroby związane z bólem palców – epidemiologia
Wpływ bólu palców na jakość życia
Leczenie i dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia bólu palców (Toe pain Epidemiology, surveillance)

Ból palców u stóp stanowi istotny problem zdrowotny, dotykający znaczącą część populacji. Systematyczne przeglądy i metaanalizy populacyjnych badań epidemiologicznych wykazały, że częsty ból stóp dotyczy około 24% (95% przedział ufności 22-25%) populacji w średnim i starszym wieku, natomiast częsty ból stawu skokowego występuje u około 15% (95% przedział ufności 13-16%) osób. ¹ Ogólna częstość występowania bólu stóp w różnych badaniach waha się od 13% do 36%, przy czym najniższe wartości odnotowano w badaniach stosujących definicję przypadku specyficzną dla bólu, w przeciwieństwie do badań uwzględniających komponenty bólu, bólu tępego lub sztywności. ²

Czynniki demograficzne wpływające na częstość występowania

Częstość występowania bólu palców stóp istotnie różni się w zależności od czynników demograficznych. Badania wykazały, że umiarkowany do ciężkiego ból stóp był wysoce rozpowszechniony w populacji osób z wyższym wykształceniem, dotykając około 40% respondentów, i był powiązany z gorszym funkcjonowaniem stóp, gorszym stanem zdrowia stóp oraz obniżoną jakością życia związaną ze zdrowiem. ³ Analizy wieloczynnikowe zidentyfikowały, że płeć żeńska, otyłość, obecność palucha koślawego (bunion), ból stawu biodrowego, ból pleców oraz niższa klasa zawodowa były istotnie i niezależnie związane z umiarkowanym do ciężkiego bólem stóp. ⁴

Główne czynniki ryzyka bólu palców

Zidentyfikowano liczne czynniki ryzyka związane z bólem palców stóp:

Płeć – kobiety znacznie częściej zgłaszają ból palców stóp niż mężczyźni ⁵⁶
Wiek – częstość występowania bólu palców zwiększa się wraz z wiekiem, szczególnie powyżej 50 roku życia ⁷
Otyłość – zwiększona masa ciała znacząco koreluje z występowaniem bólu palców ⁸⁹
Deformacje stóp – obecność palucha koślawego (hallux valgus), palucha sztywnego (hallux rigidus) czy palców młotkowatych istotnie zwiększa ryzyko bólu ¹⁰
Współistniejące schorzenia – ból pleców, ból stawu kolanowego, ból stawu biodrowego, nadciśnienie tętnicze, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów ¹¹
Wielochorobowość – obecność jednego lub więcej schorzeń współistniejących ¹²

Choroby związane z bólem palców – epidemiologia

Paluch koślawy (Hallux valgus)

Hallux valgus charakteryzuje się deformacją palucha w stawie śródstopno-paliczkowym. Niedawny przegląd systematyczny oszacował częstość występowania hallux valgus na 23% u dorosłych w wieku od 18 do 65 lat. Schorzenie to występuje częściej wraz z wiekiem i jest bardziej rozpowszechnione u kobiet niż u mężczyzn. ¹³ U kobiet w wieku 18-65 lat paluch koślawy występuje u 26%, natomiast u kobiet powyżej 65 roku życia odsetek ten wzrasta do 36%. ¹⁴

Głównym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju palucha koślawego jest noszenie niewłaściwego obuwia, szczególnie obuwia z wąskim przodem. Badania wykazały, że w porównaniu z kobietami, które nosiły buty z bardzo szerokim przodem, prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia palucha koślawego zwiększało się u tych, które nosiły buty z szerokim (OR 1,96, 95% CI 1,03-3,71), wąskim (2,39, 1,29-4,42) i bardzo wąskim (2,70, 1,46-5,00) przodem w wieku 20-29 lat oraz u tych, które nosiły buty z bardzo wąskim przodem (1,93, 1,10-3,39) w wieku 30-39 lat. ¹⁵ Noszenie obuwia ograniczającego ruch palców w wieku 20-39 lat może być krytycznym czynnikiem dla rozwoju palucha koślawego w późniejszym życiu. ¹⁶¹⁷

Paluch sztywny (Hallux rigidus)

Hallux rigidus jest najczęstszym schorzeniem degeneracyjnym stopy i jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn bólu przedstopia. Większość przypadków ma charakter obustronny, a wiele z nich wykazuje rodzinne występowanie. Kobiety są dotknięte częściej niż mężczyźni. Schorzenie to najczęściej pojawia się po 40 roku życia, chociaż może wystąpić również w młodszym wieku. ¹⁸

Paluch sztywny dotyka 2,5% osób powyżej 50 roku życia. Jest powszechny, dotykając ponad 40% mężczyzn i 50% kobiet do wczesnych lat 70. U 20% osób znaczący paluch sztywny rozwinie się do wczesnych lat 40. ¹⁹²⁰

Metatarsalgia

Sportowcy, którzy uczestniczą w sportach o wysokiej udarności angażujących kończyny dolne, często zgłaszają urazy przedstopia, w tym metatarsalgię. Szczególnie narażone są kobiety w średnim wieku uprawiające sport, u których może wystąpić stopniowy początek bólu związany z niewłaściwym obuwiem, zmianą terenu biegowego lub szybkim zwiększeniem intensywności treningu. ²¹

Zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej (Plantar fasciitis)

Zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej jest istotnym problemem zdrowia publicznego, ponieważ stanowi najczęstszą przyczynę bólu pięty w warunkach ambulatoryjnych. Dziesięć procent osób w Stanach Zjednoczonych może zgłaszać ból pięty w ciągu swojego życia, przy czym 83% tych pacjentów to aktywni zawodowo dorośli w wieku od 25 do 65 lat. ²²

Dwa duże krajowe zbiory danych dotyczących opieki ambulatoryjnej (z wyłączeniem wizyt u podiatrów lub w placówkach federalnych, wojskowych lub Administracji Weteranów) z Krajowego Centrum Statystyki Zdrowia Centrów Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom wykazały, że zapalenie powięzi podeszwowej odpowiada za średnio milion wizyt pacjentów rocznie u lekarzy. Sześćdziesiąt dwa procent tych wizyt odbyło się w klinikach medycyny ogólnej, podczas gdy 31% pacjentów było ocenianych przez ortopedów lub chirurgów ogólnych. ²³

W populacji wojskowej ogólna częstość występowania zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej wynosiła 10,55 na 1000 osobolat. Płeć żeńska, rasa czarna, grupy rangowe młodszych szeregowych, starszych szeregowych i starszych oficerów, służba wojskowa w armii lub marines oraz wiek powyżej 24 lat okazały się istotnymi czynnikami ryzyka rozwoju zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej. ²⁴

Choroby reumatyczne i ból palców

Częstość występowania problemów ze stopami u osób z chorobami reumatycznymi jest bardzo wysoka. Badania wykazały, że częstość punktowa samodzielnie zgłaszanych problemów ze stopami wynosiła 99 na 100 osób żyjących z chorobą reumatyczną. Najczęściej zgłaszanymi problemami były ból stóp, sucha skóra, zgrubiałe paznokcie u stóp i zimne stopy. ²⁵

W badaniu oceniającym częstość występowania bólu stóp i zmian w trzewiach u pacjentów z twardziną układową (SSc) wykazano, że spośród 133 pacjentów z twardziną, 32 (24,1%) zgłaszało ból stóp. Zmiany w obrębie stóp stwierdzono u 47 (35%) pacjentów, z których 30 (93,8%) zgłaszało ból stóp. ²⁶ Badanie przekrojowe wykazało, że ból stóp jest częstym objawem klinicznym twardziny układowej, a problemy ze stopami są bardzo rozpowszechnione i powinny być uwzględniane w rutynowym postępowaniu klinicznym w twardzinie układowej. ²⁷

Dna moczanowa

Dna moczanowa dotyka około 12% osób w świecie zachodnim w pewnym momencie ich życia i staje się coraz bardziej powszechna. W 2013 roku dotkniętych było około 5,8 miliona osób. Częstość występowania dny podwoiła się między 1990 a 2010 rokiem. Ten wzrost jest przypisywany wydłużeniu oczekiwanej długości życia, zmianom w diecie oraz wzrostowi chorób związanych z dną, takich jak zespół metaboliczny i wysokie ciśnienie krwi. ²⁸

Czynniki wpływające na częstość występowania dny obejmują wiek, rasę i porę roku. U mężczyzn powyżej 30 roku życia i kobiet powyżej 50 roku życia częstość występowania wynosi 2%. W Stanach Zjednoczonych dna jest dwukrotnie częstsza u mężczyzn pochodzenia afrykańskiego niż u tych pochodzenia europejskiego. ²⁹

Tajwan, Hongkong i Singapur mają stosunkowo wyższą częstość występowania dny. Badanie oparte na National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) oszacowało, że 4,92% mieszkańców Tajwanu miało dnę w 2004 roku. Badanie przeprowadzone przez rząd Hongkongu wykazało, że 5,1% mieszkańców Hongkongu w wieku 45-59 lat i 6,1% osób powyżej 60 roku życia ma dnę. Badanie przeprowadzone w Singapurze wykazało, że 2117 z 52 322 osób w wieku 45-74 lat ma dnę, co w przybliżeniu równa się 4,1%. ³⁰

Choroba zwyrodnieniowa śródstopia

Objawowa choroba zwyrodnieniowa śródstopia (OA) występowała u 12,0% (95% CI: 10,9, 13,2) populacji w wieku powyżej 50 lat. Wyższą częstość występowania obserwowano u kobiet, dorosłych w wieku powyżej 75 lat oraz osób w pośrednich/rutynowych klasach zawodowych. ³¹

Otyłość, wcześniejsze urazy stopy/stawu skokowego oraz ból w innych stawach obciążonych, ale nie obuwie na wysokim obcasie ani choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów międzypaliczkowych guzkowych, były związane ze zwiększonym ryzykiem objawowej choroby zwyrodnieniowej śródstopia. ³²

Chodzenie na palcach

Częstość występowania chodzenia na palcach w wieku 5,5 lat wynosi 2% u normalnie rozwijających się dzieci oraz 41% u dzieci z diagnozą neuropsychiatryczną lub opóźnieniami rozwojowymi. Chodzenie na palcach może występować z powodu podstawowej anatomicznej lub nerwowo-mięśniowej choroby, ale w większości przypadków jest idiopatyczne, bez możliwej do rozpoznania przyczyny. ³³

Wpływ bólu palców na jakość życia

Ból palców i związane z nim schorzenia mają znaczący wpływ na jakość życia osób dotkniętych. Obecność umiarkowanego do ciężkiego bólu stóp wiąże się z gorszymi wynikami funkcjonowania stóp, zdrowia stóp i jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem. ³⁴

Paluch koślawy stanowi istotny problem zdrowotny i jest związany z bólem stóp, złą równowagą, zaburzeniami chodu, unieruchomieniem i ryzykiem upadków. Kilka ostatnich badań zbadało związek między paluchem koślawym a jakością życia związaną ze zdrowiem (HRQOL). Objawowy paluch koślawy wydaje się być związany z obniżoną jakością życia. ³⁵

Co ważne, związek zarówno obecności, jak i ciężkości palucha koślawego z upośledzoną jakością życia nie ogranicza się do bólu i funkcji fizycznych, ale rozciąga się na ogólny stan zdrowia, witalność, funkcjonowanie społeczne i zdrowie psychiczne. ³⁶

Leczenie i dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej

Wiele powszechnych dolegliwości stóp nie wymaga skierowania do podiatra ani złożonych interwencji i najlepiej zarządzać nimi za pomocą odpowiednich leków dostępnych bez recepty (OTC) i domowej opieki, z dokładnymi wskazówkami od lekarza rodzinnego. ³⁷

Słaby stan zdrowia stóp był statystycznie istotnie związany z wykształceniem, ilością codziennego stania na nogach oraz poszukiwaniem pomocy medycznej lub pielęgniarskiej z powodu problemów ze stopami. ³⁸

Każdego roku ponad 800 000 Amerykanów poniżej 65 roku życia szuka ambulatoryjnego leczenia zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej. W 80% przypadków zapalenia powięzi podeszwowej objawy ustępują wyłącznie dzięki terapiom OTC i domowym, najczęściej w ciągu sześciu miesięcy od rozpoczęcia leczenia. Osoby, które szukają pomocy w ciągu 12 miesięcy od wystąpienia objawów, mają większe szanse na ich ustąpienie. ³⁹

Częstość występowania grzybicy stóp, czyli stopy atlety, może wynosić nawet 50-80% w niektórych populacjach. Leczenie OTC obejmuje leki grzybostatyczne (np. mikonazol, klotrymazol, tolnaftat [Tinactin]) i grzybobójczą alliloaminę terbinafiny (Lamisil). ⁴⁰

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 The population prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age: a systematic review – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22019150/
A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based epidemiological studies was undertaken to determine the prevalence of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age. […] Thirty-four articles from 31 studies involving 75,505 participants provided 529 prevalence estimates based on different case definitions and population strata. […] Random-effects meta-analyses of studies with comparable case definitions provided pooled prevalence estimates, for frequent foot pain of 24% (95% confidence interval 22-25%; n=3; I(2)=46%) and for frequent ankle pain of 15% (95% confidence interval 13-16%; n=2; I(2)=0). […] This review provides estimates of the community burden of foot and ankle pain in middle and old age.
#2 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohorts
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
#3 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. […] Foot pain is reported as common in the general population with prevalence estimates from population surveys ranging from 17 to 30%. […] The results of this survey demonstrate that moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university educated population of adults, affecting approximately 40% of respondents, and was associated with poorer foot health and reduced HRQoL. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). […] The presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life.
#4 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#5 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohorts
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
#6 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#7 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohorts
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
#8 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#9 Prevalence of foot pain across an international consortium of population based cohorts
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77860
Objective. Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiological questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proved difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. […] The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13 to 36% and was lowest within the cohort that used a case definition specific to pain, compared to the four remaining cohorts that included components of pain, aching or stiffness. […] Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age and obesity. The prevalence of foot pain is likely affected by the case definition used, therefore consideration must be given for future population studies to use consistent measures of data collection.
#10 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#11 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#12 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Associations between personal health characteristics (such as age, gender), lifestyle/behaviour factors (obesity, footwear) and foot pain have been extensively studied. […] However, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention in large-scale epidemiological studies of foot pain. […] The presence of bunions was associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain, while the presence of claw toes, and nail problems were associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain at the p 0.2 level. […] Medical conditions back pain, knee pain, hip pain, high BP, rheumatoid arthritis, being overweight/obese and having either any one medical condition or multi-morbidity were all associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain. […] Multivariate analyses identified that female gender, obesity, bunions, hip pain, back pain and lower occupational class were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain.
#13 Epidemiology and impact of hallux valgus: more than just bunions | mijn-bsl
https://mijn.bsl.nl/epidemiology-and-impact-of-hallux-valgus-more-than-just-bunions/7110728
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common deformity characterized by progressive lateral deviation of the great toe at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ). […] A recent systematic review estimated the prevalence of HV to be 23% in adults aged 18 to 65 years. It becomes more frequent with increasing age and is more prevalent in women than men. […] HV poses a significant health problem, and associates with foot pain, poor balance, gait impairment, immobility, and risk of falling. […] Several recent studies have examined the relationship between HV and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Symptomatic HV appears to associate with reduced HRQOL. […] Importantly, the association of both the presence and severity of HV with impaired HRQOL is not limited to pain and physical function but extends to general health, vitality, social function, and mental health. […] In summary, the impact of HV extends beyond local influence on foot OA, balance, gait and falls, to impair HRQOL. Future prospective studies are required to identify risk factors for the development and progression of HV and hence possible targets for prevention and intervention.
#14 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Hallux valgus is known for the characteristic bunion deformity at the first MTP joint, which can lead to osteoarthritis of the joint. It is more prevalent in women, occurring in 26% of women 18 to 65 years of age and in 36% of those older than 65 years.28 Wearing restrictive shoes is the main risk factor for hallux valgus,29 and thus wearing shoes with a wide toe box is a common treatment to relieve compressive forces at the valgus deformity. […] The prevalence of tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot, may be as high as 50% to 80% in some populations.50 OTC treatments include fungistatic treatments (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole, tolnaftate [Tinactin]) and the fungicidal allylamine terbinafine (Lamisil).
#15
https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/Epidemiology_of_Shoe_Wearing_Patterns_Over_Time_in_Older_Women_Associations_With_Foot_Pain_and_Hallux_Valgus/21651611
Foot problems are prevalent in older women and are thought to be associated with footwear. […] This study examined women’s shoe wearing patterns over time and evaluated associations between footwear characteristics and foot pain and hallux valgus. […] Foot pain in the past 12 months and hallux valgus were documented by self-report. […] Compared with women who had worn shoes with a very wide toe box, the likelihood of hallux valgus increased in those who had worn shoes with a wide (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% CI 1.03-3.71), narrow (2.39, 1.29-4.42) and very narrow (2.70, 1.46-5.00) toe box between the ages of 20 and 29 and those who wore shoes with a very narrow toe box (1.93, 1.10-3.39) between the ages of 30 and 39. […] Wearing constrictive footwear between the ages of 20 and 39 may be critical for developing hallux valgus in later life.
#16 Epidemiology of Shoe Wearing Patterns Over Time in Older Women: Associations With Foot Pain and Hallux Valgus
https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/408234/epidemiology-of-shoe-wearing-patterns-over-time-in-older-women-associations-with-foot-pain-and-hallux-valgus
Foot problems are prevalent in older women and are thought to be associated with footwear. […] This study examined womens shoe wearing patterns over time and evaluated associations between footwear characteristics and foot pain and hallux valgus. […] Foot pain in the past 12 months and hallux valgus were documented by self-report. […] Wearing constrictive footwear between the ages of 20 and 39 may be critical for developing hallux valgus in later life.
#17
https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/Epidemiology_of_Shoe_Wearing_Patterns_Over_Time_in_Older_Women_Associations_With_Foot_Pain_and_Hallux_Valgus/21651611
Foot problems are prevalent in older women and are thought to be associated with footwear. […] This study examined women’s shoe wearing patterns over time and evaluated associations between footwear characteristics and foot pain and hallux valgus. […] Foot pain in the past 12 months and hallux valgus were documented by self-report. […] Compared with women who had worn shoes with a very wide toe box, the likelihood of hallux valgus increased in those who had worn shoes with a wide (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% CI 1.03-3.71), narrow (2.39, 1.29-4.42) and very narrow (2.70, 1.46-5.00) toe box between the ages of 20 and 29 and those who wore shoes with a very narrow toe box (1.93, 1.10-3.39) between the ages of 30 and 39. […] Wearing constrictive footwear between the ages of 20 and 39 may be critical for developing hallux valgus in later life.
#18 Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe) | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/hallux-rigidus
Hallux rigidus is the most common degenerative disorder of the foot and it is one of the most common causes of forefoot pain. Most cases are bilateral and many have a family history. Women are affected more often than men. It most commonly presents after the age of 40 years, although it can occur at young age. Hallux rigidus affects 2.5% of people over age 50.
#19 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21 Hallux rigidus presents as joint pain, swelling, and progressive limitation of motion in the great toe, often as a result of osteoarthritis in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.
#20 Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe) | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/hallux-rigidus
Hallux rigidus is the most common degenerative disorder of the foot and it is one of the most common causes of forefoot pain. Most cases are bilateral and many have a family history. Women are affected more often than men. It most commonly presents after the age of 40 years, although it can occur at young age. Hallux rigidus affects 2.5% of people over age 50.
#21 Metatarsalgia: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/85864-overview
Athletes who participate in high-impact sports that involve the lower extremities commonly present with forefoot injuries, including metatarsalgia. […] Athletes, especially those who are middle-aged women, may experience a gradual onset of pain that is associated with improper footwear, a change in running terrain, or a rapid increase in training intensity.
#22 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazine
https://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
#23 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazine
https://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an important public health disorder as it is the most common cause of heel pain in the outpatient setting. Ten percent of people in the United States may present with heel pain over the course of their lives, with 83% of these patients being active working adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years old. Two large national data sets of ambulatory care data (excluding visits to podiatrists or federal, military, or Veterans Administrations facilities) from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Health Statistics found that plantar fasciitis accounts for an average of one million patient visits per year to medical doctors. Sixty-two percent of these visits were made to general medicine clinics, while 31% of patients were evaluated by orthopaedic or general surgeons. Additionally, a recent survey of members of the American Podiatric Medical Association revealed that plantar fasciitis/heel pain was the most prevalent condition being treated in podiatric clinics. Within the current literature, prevalence rates of plantar fasciitis among a population of runners have been shown to be between 4% and 22%.
#24 The epidemiology of plantar fasciitis | Lower Extremity Review Magazine
https://lermagazine.com/article/the-epidemiology-of-plantar-fasciitis
The overall incidence of plantar fasciitis in the military population was 10.55 per 1,000 person-years. Female sex; black race; junior enlisted, senior enlisted and senior officer rank groups; military service in the Army or Marines; and age greater than 24 years old were found to be significant risk factors for the development of incident plantar fasciitis when compared to male sex, white race, junior officers rank, service in the Air Force, and age 20 to 24, respectively. Female subjects, when compared with male subjects, had a significantly increased incidence rate ratio for plantar fasciitis of 1.95 (95% CI 1.93-1.98). These findings are based on incidence rates, but tend to correlate with prevalence data seen within the existing literature.
#25
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-022-05236-8
The point prevalence of self-reported foot problems was 99 per 100 people living with a rheumatic condition. […] The results reveal a high frequency of foot pain among people with rheumatic conditions. […] The most commonly reported problems were foot pain, dry skin, thickened toenails and cold feet. […] Poor foot health was statistically significantly associated with educational background, amount of daily standing on feet, and seeking medical or nursing care because of foot problems. […] The study identified potential new bio-psycho-social variables that may be contributing to foot health that warrant future study. […] The point prevalence of foot problems was high, particularly pain, thus suggesting a potential unmet need in people living with any rheumatic condition.
#26 Foot Pain and Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis: Prevalence and Association with Organ Involvement
https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jrdt/journal-of-rheumatic-diseases-and-treatment-jrdt-5-076.php?jid=jrdt
Our goal was to evaluate prevalence of foot pain and lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and their association with other organ involvements. […] In this cross-section study 133 scleroderma patients were probed throughout a survey in which both forms of digital and non-digital plantar lesions were included. […] Of all patients, 119 (89%) were women with a mean age +Standard Deviation (SD) of 39.3 + 13.1 years, 32 (24.1%) patients had foot pain, and 40.6% were classified as having diffuse cutaneous SSc. […] Foot lesions were found in 47 (35%) of patients; from which 30 (93.8%) patients reported foot pain. […] Foot pain and lesion are common in Scleroderma patients, the diffuse subtype of the diseases, foot’s Raynaud’s, calcinosis, and telangiectasia were independently associated factors with foot lesion.
#27 Foot Pain and Lesions in Systemic Sclerosis: Prevalence and Association with Organ Involvement
https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jrdt/journal-of-rheumatic-diseases-and-treatment-jrdt-5-076.php?jid=jrdt
The goal of the current study was to carefully assess the prevalence and nature of foot complications in scleroderma patients who were registered in the study and further evaluate the association of foot problems with other organ involvements. […] The current cross-sectional study demonstrated that foot pain is a prevalent clinical symptom of SSc. […] Foot problems are very prevalent and should be considered as part of routine clinical management of SSc.
#28 Gout – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout
Gout affects around 12% of people in the Western world at some point in their lifetimes and is becoming more common. Some 5.8 million people were affected in 2013. Rates of gout approximately doubled between 1990 and 2010. This rise is believed to be due to increasing life expectancy, changes in diet and an increase in diseases associated with gout, such as metabolic syndrome and high blood pressure. Factors that influence rates of gout include age, race, and the season of the year. In men over 30 and women over 50, rates are 2%. […] In the United States, gout is twice as likely in males of African descent than those of European descent. Rates are high among Polynesians, but the disease is rare in aboriginal Australians, despite a higher mean uric acid serum concentration in the latter group. It has become common in China, Polynesia, and urban Sub-Saharan Africa. Some studies found that attacks of gout occur more frequently in the spring. This has been attributed to seasonal changes in diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and temperature.
#29 Gout – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout
Gout affects around 12% of people in the Western world at some point in their lifetimes and is becoming more common. Some 5.8 million people were affected in 2013. Rates of gout approximately doubled between 1990 and 2010. This rise is believed to be due to increasing life expectancy, changes in diet and an increase in diseases associated with gout, such as metabolic syndrome and high blood pressure. Factors that influence rates of gout include age, race, and the season of the year. In men over 30 and women over 50, rates are 2%. […] In the United States, gout is twice as likely in males of African descent than those of European descent. Rates are high among Polynesians, but the disease is rare in aboriginal Australians, despite a higher mean uric acid serum concentration in the latter group. It has become common in China, Polynesia, and urban Sub-Saharan Africa. Some studies found that attacks of gout occur more frequently in the spring. This has been attributed to seasonal changes in diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and temperature.
#30 Gout – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout
Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore have relatively higher prevalence of gout. A study based on the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) estimated that 4.92% of Taiwanese residents have gout in 2004. A survey hold by the Hong Kong government found that 5.1% of Hong Kong resident between 45-59 years and 6.1% of those older than 60 years have gout. A study hold in Singapore found that 2,117 in 52,322 people between 45-74 years have gout, roughly equals to 4.1%.
#31 The epidemiology of symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot
https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/404273/the-epidemiology-of-symptomatic-midfoot-osteoarthritis-in-community-dwelling-older-adults-cross-sectional-findings-from-the-clinical-assessment-study-of-the-foot
Symptomatic midfoot OA was present in 12.0 % (95 % CI: 10.9, 13.2) of the population aged over 50 years. […] Higher occurrence was observed in females, adults aged over 75 years, and those in intermediate/routine occupational classes. […] Obesity, previous foot/ankle injury, and pain in other weight-loaded joints, but not high-heeled footwear or nodal interphalangeal joint OA, were associated with increased risk of symptomatic midfoot OA. […] Our study confirms that symptomatic OA frequently affects the midfoot.
#32 The epidemiology of symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot
https://keele-repository.worktribe.com/output/404273/the-epidemiology-of-symptomatic-midfoot-osteoarthritis-in-community-dwelling-older-adults-cross-sectional-findings-from-the-clinical-assessment-study-of-the-foot
Symptomatic midfoot OA was present in 12.0 % (95 % CI: 10.9, 13.2) of the population aged over 50 years. […] Higher occurrence was observed in females, adults aged over 75 years, and those in intermediate/routine occupational classes. […] Obesity, previous foot/ankle injury, and pain in other weight-loaded joints, but not high-heeled footwear or nodal interphalangeal joint OA, were associated with increased risk of symptomatic midfoot OA. […] Our study confirms that symptomatic OA frequently affects the midfoot.
#33
https://journals.lww.com/co-pediatrics/fulltext/2016/02000/toe_walking__causes,_epidemiology,_assessment,_and.8.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cco-pediatrics:2016:02000:00008%7C10.1097/mop.0000000000000302%7C
The present review includes the most up-to-date literature on the causes, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of toe walking. […] The prevalence of toe walking at age 5.5 years is 2% in normally developing children, and 41% in children with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis or developmental delays. […] Toe walking can occur because of an underlying anatomic or neuromuscular condition, but in the majority of cases toe walking is idiopathic, without a discernable underlying cause.
#34 Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text
https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1
Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. […] Foot pain is reported as common in the general population with prevalence estimates from population surveys ranging from 17 to 30%. […] The results of this survey demonstrate that moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university educated population of adults, affecting approximately 40% of respondents, and was associated with poorer foot health and reduced HRQoL. […] Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). […] The presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life.
#35 Epidemiology and impact of hallux valgus: more than just bunions | mijn-bsl
https://mijn.bsl.nl/epidemiology-and-impact-of-hallux-valgus-more-than-just-bunions/7110728
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common deformity characterized by progressive lateral deviation of the great toe at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ). […] A recent systematic review estimated the prevalence of HV to be 23% in adults aged 18 to 65 years. It becomes more frequent with increasing age and is more prevalent in women than men. […] HV poses a significant health problem, and associates with foot pain, poor balance, gait impairment, immobility, and risk of falling. […] Several recent studies have examined the relationship between HV and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Symptomatic HV appears to associate with reduced HRQOL. […] Importantly, the association of both the presence and severity of HV with impaired HRQOL is not limited to pain and physical function but extends to general health, vitality, social function, and mental health. […] In summary, the impact of HV extends beyond local influence on foot OA, balance, gait and falls, to impair HRQOL. Future prospective studies are required to identify risk factors for the development and progression of HV and hence possible targets for prevention and intervention.
#36 Epidemiology and impact of hallux valgus: more than just bunions | mijn-bsl
https://mijn.bsl.nl/epidemiology-and-impact-of-hallux-valgus-more-than-just-bunions/7110728
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common deformity characterized by progressive lateral deviation of the great toe at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ). […] A recent systematic review estimated the prevalence of HV to be 23% in adults aged 18 to 65 years. It becomes more frequent with increasing age and is more prevalent in women than men. […] HV poses a significant health problem, and associates with foot pain, poor balance, gait impairment, immobility, and risk of falling. […] Several recent studies have examined the relationship between HV and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Symptomatic HV appears to associate with reduced HRQOL. […] Importantly, the association of both the presence and severity of HV with impaired HRQOL is not limited to pain and physical function but extends to general health, vitality, social function, and mental health. […] In summary, the impact of HV extends beyond local influence on foot OA, balance, gait and falls, to impair HRQOL. Future prospective studies are required to identify risk factors for the development and progression of HV and hence possible targets for prevention and intervention.
#37 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21 Hallux rigidus presents as joint pain, swelling, and progressive limitation of motion in the great toe, often as a result of osteoarthritis in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.
#38
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00296-022-05236-8
The point prevalence of self-reported foot problems was 99 per 100 people living with a rheumatic condition. […] The results reveal a high frequency of foot pain among people with rheumatic conditions. […] The most commonly reported problems were foot pain, dry skin, thickened toenails and cold feet. […] Poor foot health was statistically significantly associated with educational background, amount of daily standing on feet, and seeking medical or nursing care because of foot problems. […] The study identified potential new bio-psycho-social variables that may be contributing to foot health that warrant future study. […] The point prevalence of foot problems was high, particularly pain, thus suggesting a potential unmet need in people living with any rheumatic condition.
#39 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Foot pain reportedly affects 30% of the general population.1 In addition to causing pain and inconvenience, some foot problems are associated with disability and fall-related morbidity.2 Many common foot ailments do not require podiatry referral or complex interventions and are best managed with appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) treatments and home care, with careful guidance from the family physician. […] Each year, more than 800,000 Americans younger than 65 years seek outpatient treatment of plantar fasciitis.3 In 80% of plantar fasciitis cases, symptoms resolve with OTC and home therapies alone, most often within six months of commencing treatment.4 Those who seek care within 12 months of onset are more likely to have resolution of symptoms.4 […] Hallux rigidus is common, affecting more than 40% of men and 50% of women by their early 70s. Significant hallux rigidus will develop in 20% of persons by their early 40s.21 Hallux rigidus presents as joint pain, swelling, and progressive limitation of motion in the great toe, often as a result of osteoarthritis in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.
#40 Common Foot Problems: Over-the-Counter Treatments and Home Care | AAFP
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0901/p298.html
Hallux valgus is known for the characteristic bunion deformity at the first MTP joint, which can lead to osteoarthritis of the joint. It is more prevalent in women, occurring in 26% of women 18 to 65 years of age and in 36% of those older than 65 years.28 Wearing restrictive shoes is the main risk factor for hallux valgus,29 and thus wearing shoes with a wide toe box is a common treatment to relieve compressive forces at the valgus deformity. […] The prevalence of tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot, may be as high as 50% to 80% in some populations.50 OTC treatments include fungistatic treatments (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole, tolnaftate [Tinactin]) and the fungicidal allylamine terbinafine (Lamisil).