Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Gilbert Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470200/

  Gilbert syndrome is a common genetic disorder affecting bilirubin metabolism in the liver. This autosomal recessive condition leads to mild to moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, often presenting as recurrent episodes of jaundice. The prognosis for individuals with Gilbert syndrome is excellent, and the condition does not lead to significant liver disease. However, patients with Gilbert syndrome may have an increased risk of drug toxicity when exposed to medications that affect bilirubin metabolism. […] Patients with Gilbert syndrome typically have normal liver function tests aside from elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels. The condition is generally asymptomatic and does not require treatment, but several factors, including fasting, illness, menstruation, and dehydration, may trigger symptoms. Diagnosing Gilbert syndrome involves excluding other causes of hyperbilirubinemia.

• #2 Gilbert Syndrome: Symptoms & Complications

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/rare-disease/gilbert-syndrome/

  Gilbert Syndrome is a mild genetic disorder in which the liver does not properly process a substance called bilirubin. Bilirubin is made by the break down of red blood cells. […] Since Gilbert Syndrome is a mild and manageable condition, it does not need treatment. […] Complications of Gilbert Syndrome may include certain medications causing side effects in people who have Gilbert Syndrome. Talk to a doctor before taking any new medications. […] Doctors usually diagnose Gilbert Syndrome after reviewing blood test results and ruling out other liver diseases. In people with Gilbert Syndrome, liver function levels will usually be in normal ranges except for the bilirubin level. However, the level of bilirubin in the blood may change frequently and a doctor may repeat the blood tests a few times. […] People with Gilbert Syndrome usually do not have symptoms. Gilbert Syndrome sometimes causes the liver to make too much bilirubin that the person becomes jaundiced (yellowing of eyes and skin).

• #3 Gilbert’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Tests & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17661-gilberts-syndrome

  Gilbert’s syndrome is a mild condition. It doesnt cause long-term complications or serious health problems. […] Jaundice can cause a yellowish appearance that may be unsettling. However, jaundice and Gilbert’s syndrome dont require treatment. […] People with Gilbert’s syndrome can lead long, healthy lives. They dont experience long-term health problems from the disease. […] Gilbert’s syndrome is a mild disorder that doesnt require treatment. While occasional yellowish eyes and skin may be unsettling, jaundice doesnt pose any health risks. This skin and eye coloration will go away on its own. Your healthcare provider can suggest ways to reduce episodes of jaundice associated with Gilbert’s syndrome.

• #4 Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/178841-overview

  Gilbert syndrome may manifest only as jaundice on clinical examination; at least 30% of patients with Gilbert syndrome are asymptomatic, although nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal cramps, fatigue, and malaise, are common. […] In light of the benign and inconsequential nature of Gilbert syndrome, the use of medications to treat patients with this condition is unjustified in clinical practice. […] Once the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome is established, the most important aspect of treatment is reassurance. In light of the benign and inconsequential nature of the syndrome, the use of medications to treat patients with this condition is unjustified in clinical practice.

• #5

  https://www.nuhs.edu.sg/patient-care/find-a-condition/gilberts-syndrome

  No specific therapy is required for patients with Gilbert’s Syndrome. A clinician’s most important role in the management of this disorder is to reassure patients that this is a benign disorder and does not signify the presence of liver disease. […] Care should be taken not to consume more than the recommended amount of paracetamol since people with Gilbert’s Syndrome may be at a greater risk for liver side-effects.

• #6 Gilbert Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470200/

  This activity for healthcare professionals reviews the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, recommended evaluation, and management of Gilbert syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving the quality of life and outcomes for patients with this genetic disorder. […] Patients with Gilbert syndrome do not require treatment. Therefore, management primarily consists of reassuring patients and their families that this is a benign condition that does not require further testing. However, patients, family members, and clinicians should be counseled that individuals with Gilbert syndrome may be at an increased risk of drug toxicity when exposed to medications that suppress or affect UGT1A1 activity. […] Patients with Gilbert syndrome should be informed about potential triggers such as fasting, intercurrent illness, menstruation, overexertion, hemolytic reactions, and dehydration that may cause a rise in unconjugated bilirubin. Avoidance of triggers may be advantageous to reduce anxiety about abnormal bilirubin values. Patients and their families should be aware of the benign nature of the disorder and its inheritance pattern and that no treatment is necessary; they should also be informed about the excellent prognosis of Gilbert syndrome.

• #6 Gilbert Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470200/

  Gilbert syndrome may be encountered by primary care clinicians, advanced practice clinicians, emergency department clinicians, and other healthcare professionals, including pediatric, gastroenterology, or hepatology clinicians. Healthcare personnel should be informed about the benign nature of this disorder and its excellent prognosis. Appropriate and targeted diagnostic testing should be carried out, and inappropriate testing should be avoided.

• #7

  https://journals.lww.com/gastroenterologynursing/fulltext/1996/05000/gilbert_syndrome.5.aspx

  Two or three times a year, a healthy patient (1 year old) with mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia as the only abnormality on routine liver function testing will be referred to the gastroenterologist. A diagnosis of Gilbert Syndrome (GS) is made, and the patient may or may not be seen in the clinic or office because GS is a benign condition. […] Either way, the nurse needs to understand the pathophysiology of this condition so he/she can provide necessary patient/family education. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature on GS and to summarize it in a manner useful to both nurses and families.

• #8

  https://www.nuh.com.sg/health-resources/diseases-and-conditions/gilberts-syndrome

  Gilbert’s syndrome is an inherited disorder of the liver that results in an excess of bilirubin. […] No specific therapy is required for patients with Gilbert’s syndrome. A clinician’s most important role in the management of this disorder is to reassure patients that this is a benign disorder and does not signify the presence of liver disease. Rarely, patients with Gilberts are at increased risk of side effects from certain drugs, particularly chemotherapy. […] It may be wise to check with your doctor before taking any new medications. Care should be taken not to consume more than the recommended amount of paracetamol since people with Gilbert’s syndrome may be at a greater risk for liver side-effects. […] People with Gilbert’s syndrome live a normal, healthy life which is comparable to the general population.

• #9 Gilbert syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372816

  Gilbert syndrome doesn’t require treatment. The bilirubin levels in your blood may fluctuate over time. You may occasionally have jaundice, which usually resolves on its on with no ill effects. […] Certain life events, such as stress, can trigger episodes of higher bilirubin levels in Gilbert syndrome, leading to jaundice. Taking steps to manage those situations can help keep bilirubin levels under control. […] Make sure your health care providers know you have Gilbert syndrome. Because Gilbert syndrome affects the way your body processes certain medications, every provider you visit needs to know that you have the condition. […] Eat a healthy diet. Avoid extremely low-calorie diets. Stick to a routine eating schedule, and avoid fasting or skipping meals. […] Manage stress. Find ways to deal with the stresses in your life. Exercise, meditation and listening to music may be helpful.

• #10 Patient education: Gilbert syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gilbert-syndrome-beyond-the-basics

  Gilbert syndrome is an inherited disorder of the liver that results in an overabundance of a substance known as bilirubin. […] Gilbert syndrome is not dangerous and does not cause long-term problems, so it is not necessary to treat Gilbert syndrome. […] No specific treatment is required for people with Gilbert syndrome. However, there is an increased risk of side effects from certain drugs that are broken down by the liver (such as acetaminophen and the chemotherapy drug, irinotecan). Check with a health care provider before taking any new medications. Do not take more than the recommended amount of acetaminophen (Tylenol). […] Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

• #11 Gilbert’s syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gilberts-syndrome/

  Gilbert’s syndrome is a lifelong condition. But it does not require treatment because it does not pose a threat to health and does not cause complications or an increased risk of liver disease. […] If you have Gilbert’s syndrome, the problem with your liver may also mean you’re at risk of developing jaundice or other side effects after taking certain medicines, such as medicines for high cholesterol like statins. […] You should talk to a GP before taking any new medicine and make sure you mention that you have Gilbert’s syndrome to any doctors treating you for the first time.

• #12 Gilbert’s syndrome — Symptoms, causes and management | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gilberts-syndrome

  Gilbert’s syndrome is a mild liver disorder. […] Gilbert’s syndrome can affect the way that your body handles some medicines, so you should tell your doctor before starting any new treatments. […] Although Gilbert’s syndrome is not usually severe, you should see your doctor if you or your child show any symptoms of jaundice. […] You should tell your health providers that you have Gilbert’s syndrome, so that they are aware of this difference in your blood test results. This can prevent unnecessary investigation of abnormal tests results. […] You should also tell your doctor that you have Gilbert’s syndrome, as they may need to change the doses of some medicines they prescribe. […] You should seek medical attention if you have Gilbert’s syndrome and: your jaundice doesn’t resolve on its own, the jaundice is severe, you have changes to the colour of your stool (poo) or urine (wee). […] Make sure to tell your doctor that you have Gilbert’s syndrome, so they can prescribe the right dose for you.

• #13 Gilbert’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gilberts-syndrome

  Gilberts syndrome is an inherited liver condition in which your liver cant fully process a compound called bilirubin. […] Most cases of Gilberts syndrome dont require treatment. However, if you start to have significant symptoms, including fatigue or nausea, your doctor might prescribe daily phenobarbital (Luminal) to help reduce the total amount of bilirubin in your body. […] There are also several lifestyle changes you can make to help prevent symptoms, including: Get plenty of sleep. Try to sleep seven to eight hours a night. Follow a consistent routine as closely as you can. Avoid long periods of intense exercise. Keep strenuous workouts short (under 10 minutes). Try to get at least 30 minutes of light to moderate exercise each day. Stay well hydrated. This is especially important during exercise, hot weather, and illness. Try relaxation techniques to cope with stress. Listen to music, meditate, do yoga, or try other activities that help you relax. Eat a balanced diet. Eat regularly, dont skip any meals, and dont follow any diet plans that recommend fasting or eating only small amounts of calories. Limit alcohol intake. If you have any liver condition, its best to avoid alcohol. However, if you do drink, consider limiting yourself to only a few drinks per month. Learn how your medications interact with Gilberts syndrome. Some medications, including some used to treat cancer, may work differently if you have Gilberts syndrome. […] Gilberts syndrome is a harmless condition that doesnt need to be treated. There is no change in life expectancy due to Gilberts syndrome. However, if you start to notice symptoms, you may need to make some lifestyle changes.

• #14 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Gilberts-Syndrome-Treatment.aspx

  Gilberts syndrome is usually managed by a general physician, internist or a gastroenterologist. […] No treatment is needed for majority of patients. There is no health problems associated with this condition and thus most patients do not need any therapy. […] Steps may be taken to manage jaundice though. […] Jaundice, if caused by Gilberts syndrome, is managed at home with bed rest, healthy diet and adequate fluids. There is no need for pharmacological therapy for jaundice caused by Gilberts syndrome. […] In order to prevent attacks of jaundice patients are advised to avoid dieting and dehydration, extremes of emotional stress or anxiety, heavy physical exercise and exertion and irregular or sleep deprived days. […] Patients are advised to eat a well balanced and healthy diet, drink plenty of clear fluids like water and fruit juice, avoid fatty or sugary foods or foods that they cannot tolerate. […] Any patient with liver disease should avoid alcohol altogether or take it in moderation and with caution to prevent other liver diseases and further liver damage.

• #15 Gilbert syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/gilbert-syndrome

  Gilbert syndrome requires no treatment. […] If you have Gilbert syndrome, talk to your health care provider before taking new medications. […] Make sure your health care providers know you have Gilbert syndrome. Because Gilbert syndrome affects the way your body processes certain medications, every provider you visit needs to know that you have the condition. […] Eat a healthy diet. Avoid extremely low-calorie diets. Stick to a routine eating schedule, and avoid fasting or skipping meals. […] Manage stress. Find ways to deal with the stresses in your life. Exercise, meditation and listening to music may be helpful.

• #16 Living with Gilbert’s syndrome – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/living-with/

  There is some evidence that people with Gilberts syndrome may have a higher risk of developing gallstones. So it is a good idea to be aware of the symptoms so you can seek help early. […] It is usually best to try to follow a healthy balanced diet and keep to a healthy weight. Sudden or extreme dieting or exercise could cause jaundice. So if you plan to make any changes it is best to do these gradually. […] If you have Gilberts syndrome you should not drink more than the recommended limits. […] The medical guidelines for Gilberts all state that it is a harmless condition. Most people with the condition will have no symptoms, or they will be very mild. This is backed up by scientific research. […] If you are having severe symptoms you should not be expected to just put up with them because you have been diagnosed with Gilberts syndrome.

• #16 Living with Gilbert’s syndrome – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/living-with/

  For most people, Gilberts syndrome does not affect their everyday life. Or cause any long term problems. […] If you have other symptoms it is important to tell your doctor in case you also have another condition. Your doctor should arrange tests to find out. […] Jaundice caused by Gilberts syndrome is short lived and should go away by itself in a few days. It might be possible to work out what triggers your jaundice and avoid it. […] If your jaundice is worse than usual, or does not go away after a few days, this could be a sign of a different problem. If this happens talk to your GP or call NHS 111. […] Always tell your doctor that you have Gilberts syndrome if you are prescribed a new medicine for any reason. If the medicine is known to interact with Gilberts syndrome you might still be able to take it. But you would need to be monitored more closely for side effects.

• #16 Living with Gilbert’s syndrome – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/living-with/

  It is very important to make sure that you do not have any other conditions that are causing your symptoms or making them worse. […] You should also have help to treat or manage your symptoms. This could mean medicines. Or you may need to be referred to a specialist service such as an occupational therapist or dietician. […] The British Liver Trust offers support and information to anyone living with a liver condition. We can also support family, friends and carers. […] You can also find advice and links to help support your mental health here.

• #17 Gilbert’s Syndrome + 10 Natural Ways to Boost Liver Health – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/gilberts-syndrome/

  It is important, however, if youve received a Gilberts syndrome diagnosis that you inform all of your doctors as it can affect the way your body processes and releases certain medications, including cancer therapy drugs. […] Combining Gilberts syndrome with alcohol consumption isnt recommended. If you drink, consider quitting. At the very least, with a liver condition, limit your alcohol to one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men. […] Take 150 milligrams of milk thistle twice a day to help detox the liver and protect against chronic liver disease. Silymarin, a milk thistle extract, has long been studied for its liver-protecting and detoxing properties across the globe. Researchers urge further study to determine the ideal dosage for specific liver conditions. […] In a review of both clinical and research studies published in the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, researchers found that stress exacerbates liver disease as it can cause an inflammatory response in the liver. Stress may even increase the risk of a certain type of liver cancer called hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Daily exercise not only helps to fight stress and improve cardiac health, researchers have identified that it also helps reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver.

• #18

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/gilbert-syndrome

  Gilbert syndrome requires no treatment. […] Make sure your health care providers know you have Gilbert syndrome. Because Gilbert syndrome affects the way your body processes certain medications, every provider you visit needs to know that you have the condition. […] Eat a healthy diet. Avoid extremely low-calorie diets. Stick to a routine eating schedule, and avoid fasting or skipping meals. […] Manage stress. Find ways to deal with the stresses in your life. Exercise, meditation and listening to music may be helpful.

• #19 Gilbert’s Syndrome – Reduce Symptoms & Support Liver Health

  https://advancedfunctionalmedicine.com.au/gilbert-syndrome/

  Generally, our advice is to stay healthy eat well, sleep well, avoid restrictive diets, avoid alcohol, exercise regularly and stay hydrated. […] It is also important to try to avoid drugs that require detoxification by the liver, including acetaminophen which is an active ingredient in Panadol. […] Going too long without eating can bring on the symptoms of Gilberts syndrome, as can extremely low-calorie diets. […] Exercise reduces inflammation in the liver and many studies have shown a correlation between increased exercising and improvement in liver function. […] Stress can cause an inflammatory response in the liver so if you have Gilbert syndrome, it can exacerbate symptoms. […] The liver is responsible for processing and removing toxins from the body, so its important to reduce its workload if you have been diagnosed with Gilbert syndrome.

• #19 Gilbert’s Syndrome – Reduce Symptoms & Support Liver Health

  https://advancedfunctionalmedicine.com.au/gilbert-syndrome/

  At Advanced Functional Medicine, our team of experts can assist you in restoring your liver to its optimal health. If you have had a diagnosis of Gilberts syndrome, we will take a holistic view of your overall health to reduce any symptoms you may be experiencing and ensure you are as well as you can be.

• #20 Gilbert syndrome: Symptoms, diet, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166971

  Gilbert syndrome is a genetic condition where a person has high levels of bilirubin pigment as the liver cannot process it properly. A healthy diet and avoiding alcohol may help manage the condition. […] Experts say there is no need for a change in diet, although alcohol should be avoided, and drinking plenty of water can help prevent dehydration. […] Gilbert syndrome is considered harmless, because it does not usually cause any health problems. As a result, no treatment is required. […] People with the condition should make sure their doctor knows they have it, as the additional bilirubin in the system can interfere with some medications. […] Choosing a healthy lifestyle with healthful food and plenty of exercise can help. […] Lifestyle and home remedies for Gilbert syndrome include: recognizing the condition and making sure your doctor knows you have it, as this can affect which medications are safe to use, including acetaminophen; eating well and exercising regularly to help avoid stress; learning other stress-reducing strategies, such as meditation, reading, or listening to music; avoiding alcohol.

• #21 Gilberts Syndrome – Liver Foundation

  https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/gilberts-syndrome/

  Gilbert’s syndrome is a harmless and mild disorder you inherit from your parents. […] It doesn’t need to be treated. […] People with Gilbert’s syndrome have a normal life expectancy. […] No treatment is needed for Gilbert’s syndrome. You may have jaundice now and then, but it will normally clear up by itself. […] If the jaundice is worse than normal, it’s worth checking in with your doctor. They may want to make sure there are no other liver conditions causing the jaundice. […] The best thing you can do to manage Gilbert’s syndrome is avoid situations that affect your bilirubin levels. For example: avoid stress, such as with exercise or meditation; eat a healthy diet; always tell your doctor you have Gilbert’s syndrome before you start on a new medication.

• #22 General anesthesia in a patient with Gilbert’s syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3127312/

  Gilbert’s syndrome, caused by relative deficiency of glucuronyl transferase is the commonest cause of congenital hyperbilirubinemia. […] Avoiding drugs which use this enzyme for its metabolism or excretion, and minimizing the stress during the perioperative period allows safe conduct of anesthesia for these patients. […] A good understanding of the pathophysiology and precipitating factors of Gilbert’s syndrome is needed for safe administration of anesthesia. […] To avoid prolonged fasting, we kept this patient first on the list. […] To overcome stress on the night before surgery alprazolam was prescribed. […] Five percent dextrose was started early on the morning of surgery to avoid dehydration and hypoglycemia induced stress. […] Being the commonest hereditary cause of increased bilirubin and its widespread prevalence, anesthesia can be safely administered in Gilbert’s syndrome provided implications of relative deficiency of glucuronyl transferase on metabolism and excretion of drugs are well understood. […] To prevent adverse outcome, we should aim should to specifically avoid perioperative stress and ensure adequate hydration.

• #23 Gilbert’s Syndrome | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/g/gilberts-syndrome

  Gilbert’s syndrome is a condition that causes high bilirubin levels in the blood. […] Most of the time, the jaundice doesn’t make people sick. However, it is important to tell all your child’s doctors they have it. Some medicines might have worse side effects in people with Gilbert’s Syndrome, so it is important to tell your doctor about all medicines they take including supplements. […] It is safe to breastfeed a child with Gilbert’s Syndrome, even if it makes their jaundice last longer. There are no food restrictions with this condition.

• #24 CE Activity | Gilbert Syndrome | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/101858

  This activity for healthcare professionals reviews the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, recommended evaluation, and management of Gilbert syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving the quality of life and outcomes for patients with this genetic disorder. […] At the conclusion of this activity, the learner will be better able to: […] Apply interprofessional team strategies to improve care coordination and outcomes in patients with Gilbert syndrome.

• #24 CE Activity | Gilbert Syndrome | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/101858

  Gilbert syndrome is a common genetic disorder affecting bilirubin metabolism in the liver. This autosomal recessive condition leads to mild to moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, often presenting as recurrent episodes of jaundice. […] The prognosis for individuals with Gilbert syndrome is excellent, and the condition does not lead to significant liver disease. However, patients with Gilbert syndrome may have an increased risk of drug toxicity when exposed to medications that affect bilirubin metabolism. […] Patients with Gilbert syndrome typically have normal liver function tests aside from elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels. The condition is generally asymptomatic and does not require treatment, but several factors, including fasting, illness, menstruation, and dehydration, may trigger symptoms. Diagnosing Gilbert syndrome involves excluding other causes of hyperbilirubinemia.

• #25 What is Gilbert’s Syndrome? Diagnosis & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-gilbert-s-syndrome-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Gilberts syndrome doesnt need treatment. It is a mild disorder that doesnt cause any obvious symptoms or health problems that need to be treated. […] The best treatment for Gilberts syndrome is to manage stress and stay well hydrated. This is a mild and benign condition that does not require any specific treatment. However, as mentioned above, people with Gilberts syndrome are at an increased risk of side effects from certain medications that are metabolized by the liver, such as acetaminophen and irinotecan (a chemotherapy drug). If you have received a diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, always check with your health care provider before taking any new medications.

• #26 A Severe Hyperbilirubenmia in Gilbert Syndrome

  https://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/a-severe-hyperbilirubenmia-in-gilbert-syndrome.html

  Gilbert Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the liver’s ability to process bilirubin, a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. […] While Gilbert Syndrome is generally a benign condition, it is sometimes misdiagnosed as a more serious liver disorder, making an accurate diagnosis and proper management important. […] Patients with Gilbert Syndrome and severe hyperbilirubinemia should have their bilirubin regularly checked. The development of severe symptoms could be an indication of Rifampicin treatment. […] This case study illustrates the importance of considering Gilbert Syndrome in the differential diagnosis of jaundice and abdominal pain, even in the absence of other signs of liver disease. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis and guide management. With proper management, patients with Gilbert Syndrome can lead healthy, symptom-free lives.

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