Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tooth abscess – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tooth-abscess/symptoms-causes/syc-20350901

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus that’s caused by a bacterial infection. The abscess can occur at different areas near the tooth for different reasons. A periapical tooth abscess usually occurs as a result of an untreated dental cavity, an injury or prior dental work. The resulting infection with irritation and swelling (inflammation) can cause an abscess at the tip of the root. […] A periapical tooth abscess occurs when bacteria invade the dental pulp. The pulp is the innermost part of the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. […] Bacteria enter through either a dental cavity or a chip or crack in the tooth and spread all the way down to the root. The bacterial infection can cause swelling and inflammation at the tip of the root.

• #1 Tooth Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10943-abscessed-tooth

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus from a bacterial infection in your gums. […] Three types of tooth infections can cause abscesses: […] A periapical abscess is an infection that forms at the tip of your tooth root. […] Anything that creates an opening for bacteria to get into your tooth or surrounding tissues can lead to a tooth abscess. Causes include: […] Severe cavities: A cavity (tooth decay) is the destruction of your tooths hard surface. […] Broken, chipped or cracked teeth: Bacteria can seep into any opening in a tooth and spread to the pulp. […] Gum (periodontal) disease: Gum disease is an infection and inflammation of the tissues around the teeth. […] Injury to the tooth: Trauma to a tooth can injure the inner pulp even if theres no visible crack.

• #1 Dental abscess: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170136

  A dental abscess, or tooth abscess, is a buildup of pus that forms inside the teeth or gums. A dental abscess typically comes from a bacterial infection, often one that has accumulated in the soft pulp of the tooth. […] Dental abscesses are caused by a bacterial infection. […] A dental abscess is, in most cases, a complication of a dental infection. Bacteria, often bacteria present in plaque, infect and make their way into a tooth. […] Bacteria enter the tooth through tiny holes caused by tooth decay, or caries, that form in the hard outer layer of the tooth. […] When bacteria which are present in plaque infect the gums, the patient has periodontitis.

• #1 Dental Abscess: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/909373-overview

  Dental caries are caused by the following: […] A periapical abscess that originates in the dental pulp and is usually secondary to dental caries is the most common dental abscess in children. Dental caries erode the protective layers of the tooth (ie, enamel, dentin) and allow bacteria to invade the pulp, producing a pulpitis. Pulpitis can progress to necrosis, with bacterial invasion of the alveolar bone, causing an abscess. […] Odontogenic infections are polymicrobial, with an average of 4-6 different causative bacteria. The dominant isolates are strictly anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci, in addition to facultative and microaerophilic streptococci. Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes 2-3:1. […] Generally, a nonpathologic resident bacterium gains entry when the host’s defenses are breached, rather than when a nontypical microorganism is introduced. The predominant species associated with dental abscess include Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Porphyromonas as well as Prevotella oralis, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Streptococcus viridans. […] In immunocompromised patients, bacteria may hematogenously spread to invade the pulp of the tooth. […] Posttraumatic infection or postsurgical infection may also cause dental abscess.

• #1 Tooth Abscess Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.thantakit.com/tooth-abscess-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/

  Plaque-based bacteria will first infect the gums, leading to the periodontal disease known as periodontitis. Gingival abscess can form during this time, which is more treatable than its periodontal equivalent. Your gums will undergo inflammation, thus making the surrounding tissue of the tooth root separate from the tooth’s base. […] A periodontal pocket, which is a tiny bit of space, is formed whenever the periodontal ligament separates from the tooth root, resulting in loose teeth. This pocket can get quite dirty and hard to clean, resulting in bacterial buildup. Once the pocket buildup worsens, that’s when a periodontal abscess is formed.

• #1 Abscessed Tooth Symptoms, Treatment, Extraction & Pain Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/abscessed_tooth_guide/article.htm

  Other causes for a tooth to become necrotic and abscess include the following: A blow to a tooth, Dental treatment such as a crown or a filling that gets too close to the pulp chamber, Trauma to a tooth from grinding or clenching. […] In every form of tooth abscess, the pulp is adversely affected and is unable to recover from the insult or injury. A blow to the tooth can immediately sever the tooth’s blood supply. When the blood supply is lost, the nutrient supply is also lost. As a result, the pulp quickly dies. Trauma from grinding or clenching (called „occlusal trauma”) is a slower, progressive injury to a tooth. […] A tooth that has been previously treated with a root canal procedure can also develop an abscess. This is often due to the lack of adequate seal from bacteria within the tooth or even a fracture of the tooth roots. […] Any tooth can develop an abscess, but third molars (wisdom teeth) are particularly prone to having a dental abscess because they are difficult to keep clean and can develop decay that can go unnoticed. Wisdom teeth are often removed to avoid this type of complication.

• #1 Dental Abscess – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493149/

  Dental abscesses or periapical infections typically arise secondary to dental caries (tooth rot related to poor dental hygiene), trauma, or failed dental root canal treatment. […] Dental caries, trauma, and poor dental hygiene are the most frequent causes of dental abscesses. A breakdown in the protective enamel of teeth allows oropharyngeal bacteria to enter the tooth cavity (pulp cavity), causing a local infection. […] Another cause that predisposes individuals to a dental abscess is a partially erupted tooth, most commonly a wisdom tooth, where bacteria get trapped between the crown and soft tissues, causing inflammation. Other causes include genetic causes such as imperfect amelogenesis, which predisposes individuals to weakened enamel and makes them more susceptible to wear. Mechanical causes tooth grinding to break down tooth enamel. Medical conditions like Sjogren syndrome cause dry mouth, accelerating oropharyngeal microbial growth. Chemical irritants such as smoke from methamphetamine, immunosuppression arising from chemotherapy, or chronic immunosuppressive medical conditions such as HIV/AIDs can predispose individuals to dental caries.

• #1 Dental abscess | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mouth/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a collection of pus that can form inside the teeth, in the gums, or in the bone that holds the teeth in place. Its caused by a bacterial infection. […] The following can increase your chances of developing a dental abscess: poor oral hygiene plaque can build-up on your teeth if you dont brush and clean in between your teeth regularly; too much sugary food and drink these cause growth of bacteria in plaque and may lead to decay that can result in an abscess; an injury or previous surgery to your teeth or gums bacteria can get into any damaged parts of the teeth or gums; having a weakened immune system this includes people with certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, and those having treatment, including steroid medication or chemotherapy.

• #1 Dental Abscess – Causes and Cures – McNamara Orthodontics Ann Arbor

  https://mcnamaraorthodontics.com/dental-abscess/

  Dental abscess, or tooth abscess, is an accumulation of pus that forms inside the teeth or gums. The abscess typically originates from a bacterial infection, often one that has accumulated in the soft pulp of the tooth. […] If the plaque is not removed by regular and proper tooth brushing and flossing the bacteria may spread within the soft tissue inside the tooth or gums, eventually resulting in an abscess. […] Treatment involves draining the abscess, which usually stops the pain immediately, and then controlling the infection and removing its cause. This may require antibiotics and any of several in-office dental procedures, including gum surgery, a root canal, or a tooth extraction.

• #1 Can Tooth Infections Spread to the Body? Causes, Symptoms & Prevention | Rejuvenation Dentistry

  https://www.rejuv-health.com/biological-dentistry/tooth-infection-spreading-to-body/

  Dry mouth Certain medications, dehydration, sleeping with your mouth open, and old age can lead to dry mouth. Having a dry mouth is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. […] Smoking or chewing tobacco Tobacco causes many health problems, including poor oral hygiene, cancer, and vulnerability to bacterial infection. […] Excess plaque Excess plaque can build up if you dont brush your teeth and floss. A high-sugar diet encourages excess plaque formation. Plaque is mainly bacteria, which are also the culprits in tooth infections. […] High-sugar diet Harmful bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates from sweets, sodas, breads, etc. Limiting your sugar intake should slow the growth of harmful bacteria in your mouth. […] Injury to teeth or gums If your gums or teeth are damaged, bacteria might sneak into any wound and cause infection. (A gum infection is called periodontal disease, gum disease, or gingivitis.) […] Poor dental hygiene You should brush your teeth and floss to remove plaque on and in between your teeth. Letting plaque run wild can allow bacteria into your pearly whites and cause an abscessed tooth.

• #1 Periodontal Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24573-periodontal-abscess

  A periodontal abscess forms when bacteria from your mouth invade the space between your teeth and gums. Gum disease is the most common reason why this occurs, and its the number one risk factor for periodontal abscesses. […] Risk factors for periodontal abscess include: Poor oral hygiene. This is the number one risk factor. If you dont routinely remove plaque and tartar from your teeth, your gums become red and inflamed. These symptoms are early indicators of gum disease. Left untreated, gum disease can result in dental abscesses and bone loss. […] A periodontal abscess is a dental emergency that requires prompt attention. Periodontal abscess treatments include: Periodontal abscess drainage. Your dentist may need to drain the abscess. […] A periodontal abscess wont go away on its own. It requires professional treatment. […] Most periodontal abscesses arent life-threatening. But because the infection can spread, its important to treat it as quickly as possible. Though its rare, an untreated periodontal abscess can result in sepsis and other life-threatening conditions.

• #1 Dental abscess: A microbiological review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3858730/

  Dental abscess is a frequently occurring infectious process known to the health practice. The fate of the infection depends on the virulence of the bacteria, host resistance factors, and regional anatomy. Serious consequences arising from the spread of a dental abscess lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Acute dental abscess is polymicrobial, comprising of strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic cocci, Prevotella, Fusobacterium species, and facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group. […] The pathogenesis of dentoalveolar abscess is polymicrobial in nature, comprising of various facultative anaerobes, such as the viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group, and strict anaerobes, especially anaerobic cocci, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species.

• #1 Abscessed Tooth Symptoms, Treatment, Extraction & Pain Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/abscessed_tooth_guide/article.htm

  When a tooth persistently throbs and keeps you up at night with pain, it could be something more worrisome than a simple toothache. An abscessed tooth is an infection within a tooth that has spread to the root tip or around the root. This infection originates from the tooth’s inner chamber, which is called the „pulp chamber.” Contained within the pulp chamber are blood vessels and nerves, collectively called the „pulp.” Before the formation of an abscess, the tooth has essentially lost its ability to fight off infection, and bacteria can invade the pulp chamber and multiply. As the bacteria multiply, the bacterial infection usually spreads from the pulp chamber and exits through the bottom of the root into the bone. The abscess is a collection of pus that is made up of dead white blood cells, tissue debris, and bacteria.

• #1 Tooth abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/tooth-abscess

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. […] A tooth abscess may form if there is tooth decay. It may also occur when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread from the root of the tooth to the bones supporting the tooth. […] Infection results in a buildup of pus and tissue swelling within the tooth. This causes a „toothache”. The toothache may stop if pressure is relieved. But the infection will remain active and continue to spread. This will cause more pain and can destroy tissue.

• #1 Dental Abscess Are the Result of Bacterial Infection.Dental Abscess Are the Result of Bacterial Infection.

  https://silverhilldental.com/dental-abscess-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/

  Dental abscesses are a mix of immune cells, pathogens such as bacteria like viridans group Streptococcus, and dead tissue. […] An abscess is a painful infection that arises when bacteria gain access to the pulp tissues of a tooth by way of a crack, leaking dental restoration like a crown or large filling, or even the lateral canal which may naturally occur and be exposed to the oral cavity by gum recession. Many different species of bacteria are found in the mouth, and the ones that decay teeth may be different from those that produce abscesses. A decayed tooth simply creates favourable conditions for bacteria to multiply. The body responds to foreign invaders like bacteria by increasing blood flow to the tooth to deliver specialized cells that can fight the infection. The increased blood flow to the tooth, known as “hyperemia” produces intense pressure inside, because teeth are rigid and cannot swell. Pressure on the nerves inside leads to a severe toothache. Eventually, the tooth’s fresh blood supply is cut off by the high pressure inside of it, and the tissue inside dies. The tooth may stop hurting, but the problem has simply changed location. The infection then spreads into the jaw bone, where fluid accumulation causes throbbing, swelling, and sometimes numbness. An abscess is a true dental emergency and is usually treated by some combination of antibiotic therapy, endodontic treatment (root canal) or removal of the tooth.

• #1 Dental abscess

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a build-up of pus in the teeth or gums caused by an infection. It needs urgent treatment by a dentist. A dental abscess will not go away on its own. […] Dental abscesses usually happen when pus builds up beneath your teeth or gums when you have an infection in your mouth. […] You may get a dental abscess if: you have a tooth that has not grown out of your gums properly (an impacted tooth); you have tooth decay or gum disease; you have injured your teeth, gums or mouth; you’re having radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

• #1 Tooth Abscess: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/abscessed-tooth

  An abscessed tooth is one that is infected in or around the root, creating a pocket of pus. […] Most often that results from: A deep cavity or tooth decay, Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, A cracked tooth. […] If you dont treat the infection, it can kill the pulp and lead to an abscess. […] You can get more than one abscess. One abscess can travel through the bone and show up in several spots. But each is related to only one tooth. […] The infection may spread to other parts of your neck and head. If the abscessed tooth is near your sinus, it can create a hole between your tooth and your sinus. If that happens, the infection might spread to your sinuses, open spaces in your face behind your cheeks, and under your eyes. […] The worst-case scenario is that infection will spread throughout your body. That’s called sepsis, and it can be fatal.

• #1 Dental abscess | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dental-abscess?lang=us

  Dental (periapical) abscesses are an acute infection of the periapical tissue around the root of the tooth. […] Dental caries result in damage to the tooth enamel, which allows bacteria access to the dental pulp. From here the infection spreads down the root canal and out of the apical foramen where abscess formation occurs. […] Dental abscesses can exert pressure on the root of the tooth, which contains the neurovascular bundle, and can lead to devitalisation of the tooth. […] Complications range from contiguous or hematogenous spread of infection and include potentially fatal conditions: osteomyelitis, meningitis and cerebral abscess, Ludwig angina, deep neck space infections.

• #1 Abscess: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-gb/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/abscess

  The build-up of pressure causes the pain of an abscess. Draining the abscess through a fistula reduces the pressure. The pain will disappear. However, the infection still needs to be treated. […] Sometimes, an abscess that isn’t treated can form a fluid-filled bubble (cyst) in the jaw bone. If the tooth is severely broken down and can’t be saved, the cyst may come out when the tooth is extracted. If the tooth can be saved, you will need a root canal to remove the infected nerve. If this treatment does not heal the cyst, you may need surgery to remove it. […] In rare cases, the infection that causes an abscess may spread and lead to serious health problems.

• #1 What Causes an Abscessed Tooth and How You Can Avoid Them – Fox Dental Associates | Fox Dental Associates

  https://www.foxdentalassociates.com/what-causes-an-abscessed-tooth-and-how-you-can-avoid-them/

  If left untreated, an abscess originating from gum disease will continue to destroy the jaw bone that anchors the teeth in the mouth and causes tooth loss as well as provides a chronic source of ‘thug bugs’ that directly undermine the health of the whole being. […] If a tooth abscess is left untreated, the infection will build and spread into the surrounding region, destroying any tissue (bone, muscle, doesn’t matter) in its path as it seeks a way to release the building pressure. […] While these mostly localized issues are big enough, recent research very clearly points the finger at chronic oral infections as being a major source of systemic inflammation.

• #1 Tooth Abscess Child | Bright-On Bay Dental

  https://brightonbaydental.com.au/tooth-abscess-child/

  Tooth abscesses in children can arise from various causes, with poor dental hygiene being a primary factor. […] The primary cause of a tooth abscess is untreated tooth decay, often exacerbated by poor dental hygiene practices such as inadequate use of a soft toothbrush and dental floss. […] Additionally, a diet high in sugary and acidic foods contributes to the deterioration of tooth enamel, further increasing the risk of abscess formation. […] Physical injuries to a child’s mouth, such as a broken or chipped tooth, can also lead to an abscessed tooth if bacteria enter the damaged area. […] In some cases, a previous dental treatment, like a root canal, might not fully eradicate an infection, leaving the child susceptible to a periapical abscess. […] Certain medical conditions and genetic predispositions can exacerbate the risk of developing dental abscesses. […] Recognising these causes is crucial for prevention and early treatment.

• #1 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  The onset of a dental abscess is usually slow over many months. Dental decay takes several months to reach the dental pulp. […] When an acute periapical abscess develops, a severe well-localised pain develops. […] The most common organisms are viridans streptococci initially, with the subsequent anaerobes being Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella spp. […] A small but clinically important subgroup of odontogenic infections is those with necrotising fasciitis. […] If the patient is immunocompromised (eg with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, haematological neoplasms or poorly controlled diabetes), there is likely to be increased difficulty in management and a longer hospital stay for the patient. […] Patients with decay and pulpitis, or early abscess, should be referred to a general dentist.

• #1 Tooth abscess: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. […] A tooth abscess may form if there is tooth decay. It may also occur when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread from the root of the tooth to the bones supporting the tooth. […] Infection results in a buildup of pus and tissue swelling within the tooth. This causes a „toothache”. The toothache may stop if pressure is relieved. But the infection will remain active and continue to spread. This will cause more pain and can destroy tissue. […] Prompt treatment of dental decay reduces the risk of developing a tooth abscess. Have your dentist examine any broken or chipped teeth right away.

• #1 Dental abscess

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/dental-abscess/

  Most abscesses are caused by a bacterial infection. Your mouth is full of bacteria. Bacteria form a sticky film on your teeth called plaque. […] The bacteria in plaque produce acids. If you do not keep your teeth clean, these acids can damage your teeth and gums. The damage can lead to tooth decay or gum disease. […] You are more at risk of developing a dental abscess if you: do not floss and brush your teeth regularly, eat lots of sugary or starchy food and drink, get an injury or have surgery on your teeth or gums, have a weakened immune system – for example, because of chemotherapy or steroid medicine, have certain conditions, such as diabetes.

• #1 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  Dental abscess as an end stage of dental disease is common in the community, and patients with dental abscesses are likely to seek care from their primary health provider. […] Once the infection has spread beyond the confines of the jaws, there is an increasing risk of airway obstruction and septicaemia. […] If treated with antibiotics alone, the infection will not resolve and will become progressively worse. […] Other causes of dental abscess are pericoronal infections around partially erupted impacted teeth or failed dental treatment. […] Antibiotic treatment without dental treatment to remove the cause always fails. […] Once the infection spreads beyond the confines of the jaws and into the soft tissue spaces, it becomes much more difficult to treat and potentially life threatening.

• #2 Tooth Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10943-abscessed-tooth

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus from a bacterial infection in your gums. […] Three types of tooth infections can cause abscesses: […] A periapical abscess is an infection that forms at the tip of your tooth root. […] Anything that creates an opening for bacteria to get into your tooth or surrounding tissues can lead to a tooth abscess. Causes include: […] Severe cavities: A cavity (tooth decay) is the destruction of your tooths hard surface. […] Broken, chipped or cracked teeth: Bacteria can seep into any opening in a tooth and spread to the pulp. […] Gum (periodontal) disease: Gum disease is an infection and inflammation of the tissues around the teeth. […] Injury to the tooth: Trauma to a tooth can injure the inner pulp even if theres no visible crack.

• #2 Dental abscess – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_abscess

  A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth. The most common type of dental abscess is a periapical abscess, and the second most common is a periodontal abscess. In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth. This can be caused by tooth decay, broken teeth or extensive periodontal disease (or combinations of these factors). A failed root canal treatment may also create a similar abscess. […] A dental abscess is a type of odontogenic infection, although commonly the latter term is applied to an infection which has spread outside the local region around the causative tooth.

• #2 Tooth Abscess: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/tooth-abscess-8661242

  A tooth abscess, also called an oral or dental abscess, is a localized bacterial infection in which pus builds up in a tooth, gum, or jawbone. The infection can affect surrounding tissues and cause severe pain. […] A periapical abscess forms at the tip of the root of a tooth. It results from a dental injury or cavity. It is one of the most common dental emergencies. […] A periodontal abscess affects the bones and tissues that support the teeth. It generally results from periodontitis, a severe type of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss. […] A gingival abscess, also called gum abscess, develops in the gums but generally does not affect the teeth. […] If you are not brushing regularly, bacteria will build up in and around your gums and teeth, leading to an abscess. […] Other risk factors for tooth abscess include an injury or dental damage, eating sugary and highly processed foods, and dental procedures.

• #2 Tooth abscess Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/tooth-abscess

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. […] A tooth abscess may form if there is tooth decay. It may also occur when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread from the root of the tooth to the bones supporting the tooth. […] Infection results in a buildup of pus and tissue swelling within the tooth. This causes a „toothache”. The toothache may stop if pressure is relieved. But the infection will remain active and continue to spread. This will cause more pain and can destroy tissue.

• #2 Dental abscess: A microbiological review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3858730/

  Dental abscess is a frequently occurring infectious process known to the health practice. The fate of the infection depends on the virulence of the bacteria, host resistance factors, and regional anatomy. Serious consequences arising from the spread of a dental abscess lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Acute dental abscess is polymicrobial, comprising of strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic cocci, Prevotella, Fusobacterium species, and facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group. […] The pathogenesis of dentoalveolar abscess is polymicrobial in nature, comprising of various facultative anaerobes, such as the viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group, and strict anaerobes, especially anaerobic cocci, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species.

• #2 Dental abscess: A microbiological review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3858730/

  Bacteriological agents implicated in causation of dental abscesses comprise of the complex mix of strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. […] Dental abscesses caused solely by strict anaerobes occur in approximately 20% of cases. […] The most commonly isolated genera include anaerobic streptococci, Fusobacterium species and the black-pigmented anaerobes such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas species. […] Prevotella species have been reported as the most frequent isolates in numerous studies, found in 10-87% of dentoalveolar abscesses. […] Studies have shown the presence of Clostridium species causing dentoalveolar abscess in a range varying from 2% to 20%. […] With the help of Polymerase Chain Reaction, high prevalence of Treponema species has been reported within the acute dental abscess. […] Facultative anaerobes belong to the viridans group streptococci and the anginosus group streptococci are commonly implicated in dental abscess.

• #2 Dental Abscess – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493149/

  Dental abscesses or periapical infections typically arise secondary to dental caries (tooth rot related to poor dental hygiene), trauma, or failed dental root canal treatment. […] Dental caries, trauma, and poor dental hygiene are the most frequent causes of dental abscesses. A breakdown in the protective enamel of teeth allows oropharyngeal bacteria to enter the tooth cavity (pulp cavity), causing a local infection. […] Another cause that predisposes individuals to a dental abscess is a partially erupted tooth, most commonly a wisdom tooth, where bacteria get trapped between the crown and soft tissues, causing inflammation. Other causes include genetic causes such as imperfect amelogenesis, which predisposes individuals to weakened enamel and makes them more susceptible to wear. Mechanical causes tooth grinding to break down tooth enamel. Medical conditions like Sjogren syndrome cause dry mouth, accelerating oropharyngeal microbial growth. Chemical irritants such as smoke from methamphetamine, immunosuppression arising from chemotherapy, or chronic immunosuppressive medical conditions such as HIV/AIDs can predispose individuals to dental caries.

• #2 Abscessed Tooth Symptoms, Treatment, Extraction & Pain Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/abscessed_tooth_guide/article.htm

  There are many causes of dental abscesses. A very common cause is when a dental cavity (tooth decay) becomes so large and deep that it reaches the pulp chamber. An inflammatory process takes place within the tooth. Inflammation of the pulp (pulpitis) is usually what is felt as a toothache. Pulpitis is further characterized by tests done by a dentist as reversible or irreversible. Reversible pulpitis means that the pulp is irritated but has an opportunity to recover. Irreversible pulpitis means that it will not recover, and the pulp is dying. Once the pulp is dead (or „necrotic”), an abscess can form as the infection spreads from the tooth to the gum ligament and jawbone below. Often, a tooth that becomes necrotic can still be saved if steps are taken to resolve the infection at an early stage.

• #2 Tooth Abscess Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.thantakit.com/tooth-abscess-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/

  A dental abscess is pus buildup that forms on the inside of the gums or teeth due to infection. This abscess typically happens as a symptom of bacterial infection. […] Bacterial infection is what causes your tooth abscess. […] A dental abscess is a symptom or complication due to the presence of a dental infection. This is why antibiotics are important in helping its treatment. However, its presence suggests that more drastic measures be taken. Bacteria that are usually present in plaque tend to infect and make their way to the tooth via the gums, periodontal pocket, or cavity-filled enamel. […] Bacteria can swim into your tooth through holes caused by dental caries or tooth decay that form on the enamel or hard outer layer of your teeth. These caries then break down the softer layer of tissue under the enamel known as dentin. Once the decay progresses, the bacteria will eventually penetrate the softest inner pulp of your tooth.

• #2 Periodontal Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24573-periodontal-abscess

  A periodontal abscess forms when bacteria from your mouth invade the space between your teeth and gums. Gum disease is the most common reason why this occurs, and its the number one risk factor for periodontal abscesses. […] Risk factors for periodontal abscess include: Poor oral hygiene. This is the number one risk factor. If you dont routinely remove plaque and tartar from your teeth, your gums become red and inflamed. These symptoms are early indicators of gum disease. Left untreated, gum disease can result in dental abscesses and bone loss. […] A periodontal abscess is a dental emergency that requires prompt attention. Periodontal abscess treatments include: Periodontal abscess drainage. Your dentist may need to drain the abscess. […] A periodontal abscess wont go away on its own. It requires professional treatment. […] Most periodontal abscesses arent life-threatening. But because the infection can spread, its important to treat it as quickly as possible. Though its rare, an untreated periodontal abscess can result in sepsis and other life-threatening conditions.

• #2 Dental Abscess | Does My Child Have A Tooth Abscess?

  https://hurstpediatricdentistry.com/blog/what-is-a-tooth-abscess/

  Periapical abscesses are caused by bacterial infections in the dental pulp. A tooth is composed of three layers: (1) a hard outer layer; (2) a porous second layer; and (3) a soft, nerve-filled center known as dental pulp. When a bacterial infection causes a child’s dental pulp to become severely inflamed, the child may develop an abscess around the infected tooth’s apex. […] A child’s dental pulp can become infected in a number of ways. Often, these infections are the result of untreated cavities in children. When left untreated, a cavity will eventually become so deep that it reaches the dental pulp. When this happens, bacteria can invade the dental pulp, leading to inflammation or pulpal necrosis (death of the dental pulp), and often a subsequent tooth abscess. […] In some cases, dental injuries can also lead to tooth abscesses. For example, if a child’s tooth has a deep crack, bacteria may be able to enter the tooth’s dental pulp through that crack. As another example, when a child’s tooth is pushed during an accident, the nerve and blood vessels inside the tooth can be severed or damaged, which may lead to future infection.

• #2 Dental abscess

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a build-up of pus in the teeth or gums caused by an infection. It needs urgent treatment by a dentist. A dental abscess will not go away on its own. […] Dental abscesses usually happen when pus builds up beneath your teeth or gums when you have an infection in your mouth. […] You may get a dental abscess if: you have a tooth that has not grown out of your gums properly (an impacted tooth); you have tooth decay or gum disease; you have injured your teeth, gums or mouth; you’re having radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Dental-Abscess-Causes-and-Prevention.aspx

  A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus in the alveolar bone at the root apex of the tooth or structures supporting tooth (e.g. gums). It is a bacterial infection, which can be either painful or painless, that can affect both children and adults. […] Bacteria majorly involved in causing dental abscesses comprise of the complex mix of strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. […] The main causes of dental abscesses are: Decayed or injured teeth (traumatic, broken or chipped): If left untreated, decaying teeth can stimulate an abscess. These conditions can lead to an opening in the tooth enamel (outermost and protective layer of tooth), permitting bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp) resulting in abscess at the apex of the tooth. In cases, where the infection is left untreated it spreads from root to the bone supporting the tooth.

• #2 What Causes a Tooth to Abscess? – Dental Health Society

  https://dentalhealthsociety.com/general/what-causes-a-tooth-to-abscess/

  Trauma. A cracked or broken tooth gives bacteria an entryway into the inside of a tooth. If it isnt repaired, this might result in an abscess. […] Surgical Complications. Dental surgery such as an implant, root canal procedure, or periodontal scaling, can sometimes fail or end up damaging tissue. Or, old dental work might start to deteriorate. These cases are rare, but if bacteria sneaks in, an abscess might form. […] Gum Disease. Periodontal abscesses can form if gum tissue becomes inflamed and infected. […] Gum Injury. If a piece of food lodges deep between the gum and tooth, or if a toothpick or dental tool scrapes the gum, an infection could occur. A bad scratch or puncture on the gum tissue might not seem serious, but it can cause a gingival abscess. […] Additional risk factors include anything that might contribute to these situations. For example, a sugary diet and lack of good oral hygiene will make cavities and periodontal disease more likely. And a weakened immune system may not cause dental problems, but it will increase a patients vulnerability to infections.

• #2 Can Tooth Infections Spread to the Body? Causes, Symptoms & Prevention | Rejuvenation Dentistry

  https://www.rejuv-health.com/biological-dentistry/tooth-infection-spreading-to-body/

  Dry mouth Certain medications, dehydration, sleeping with your mouth open, and old age can lead to dry mouth. Having a dry mouth is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. […] Smoking or chewing tobacco Tobacco causes many health problems, including poor oral hygiene, cancer, and vulnerability to bacterial infection. […] Excess plaque Excess plaque can build up if you dont brush your teeth and floss. A high-sugar diet encourages excess plaque formation. Plaque is mainly bacteria, which are also the culprits in tooth infections. […] High-sugar diet Harmful bacteria feed on sugars and carbohydrates from sweets, sodas, breads, etc. Limiting your sugar intake should slow the growth of harmful bacteria in your mouth. […] Injury to teeth or gums If your gums or teeth are damaged, bacteria might sneak into any wound and cause infection. (A gum infection is called periodontal disease, gum disease, or gingivitis.) […] Poor dental hygiene You should brush your teeth and floss to remove plaque on and in between your teeth. Letting plaque run wild can allow bacteria into your pearly whites and cause an abscessed tooth.

• #2 Tooth Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments | Listerine®

  https://www.listerine-me.com/cavities-strong-teeth/tooth-abscess-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus that is commonly caused by bacterial infections. […] A periapical tooth abscess is commonly a consequence of dental cavities left untreated or an injury. […] Teeth are hard on the outside and filled with a pulp made up of connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels inside. It can get infected for many reasons, including deep cavity, tooth decay, periodontal disease or gum infections. Infection can also result from having a cracked tooth or an injury from previous dental work. Infections can destroy the pulp and lead to a dental abscess, which then can spread to several spots by travelling through the bone. […] A periodontal abscess usually results from gum disease or injury, whereas gingival abscess can occur due to a foreign body like small hard leftover foods or toothbrush bristle in the gum. […] Not following a proper dental care routine can lead to tooth decay, gum disease and tooth abscess. […] Eating foods rich in sugar or drinking sweetened beverages can significantly contribute to tooth abscess.

• #2 What Causes a Tooth Abscess? | Delta Dental

  https://www.deltadental.com/us/en/protect-my-smile/oral-health-conditions/tooth-abscess/causes.html

  Not taking proper care of your teeth and gums can increase your risk of gum disease, tooth decay, and other dental problems. […] Frequently eating or drinking foods high in sugar, such as sodas and sweets, is a major factor in developing tooth decay. […] A dry mouth can increase your risk of tooth decay and gum disease. […] A tooth abscess can form when there is tooth decay. […] It can also form when a tooth is chipped, broken, or injured. […] When there are openings in the tooth’s enamel, bacteria can enter the tooth and infect the pulp of the tooth. […] Infection can then spread from the root of the tooth to the bones that support the tooth. […] An abscess can also form around the tooth from gum disease.

• #2 Dental abscess | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mouth/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a collection of pus that can form inside the teeth, in the gums, or in the bone that holds the teeth in place. Its caused by a bacterial infection. […] The following can increase your chances of developing a dental abscess: poor oral hygiene plaque can build-up on your teeth if you dont brush and clean in between your teeth regularly; too much sugary food and drink these cause growth of bacteria in plaque and may lead to decay that can result in an abscess; an injury or previous surgery to your teeth or gums bacteria can get into any damaged parts of the teeth or gums; having a weakened immune system this includes people with certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, and those having treatment, including steroid medication or chemotherapy.

• #2 Tooth Abscess: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/tooth-abscess-8661242

  Some people are at a higher risk for an abscessed tooth. This includes people who smoke, have weakened immune systems, have a dry mouth, and have poor dental hygiene. […] Tooth decay, gum disease, and trauma to the teeth or gums can cause tooth abscesses. […] Without treatment, a dental abscess can spread to the jawbone, mouth, face, or neck. This can lead to severe and life-threatening complications.

• #2 What Health Issues Does an Abscessed Tooth Cause?

  https://patuxentorthodontics.com/what-health-issues-does-an-abscessed-tooth-cause/

  Other factors that contribute to the development of abscessed teeth include: Tooth decay: Untreated cavities can penetrate the tooth and reach the pulp, leading to infections. […] Trauma: A blow to the mouth or face can damage the teeth and allow infections to develop. […] Oral health issues: Chronic gum disease weakens the tooth’s supporting structures, making them more vulnerable to infection. […] Weakened immune system: Conditions that weaken the immune system make it harder for the body to fight off infections. […] Unhealthy dietary choices: The more sugar your diet packs, the higher the chance of experiencing dental cavities. […] Dry mouth: Research has shown that experiencing a dry mouth increases the risk of tooth decay.

• #2 Quick Facts:Dental Abscess – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/dental-abscess

  A dental abscess is caused by bacteria that get in the pulp of your tooth or in the gums surrounding the tooth. The pulp can become infected when you have a deep cavity or a cracked tooth. […] Your body attacks the infection with large numbers of white blood cells. The dead white blood cells become the pus that forms the abscess.

• #2 Tooth abscess: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. […] A tooth abscess may form if there is tooth decay. It may also occur when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread from the root of the tooth to the bones supporting the tooth. […] Infection results in a buildup of pus and tissue swelling within the tooth. This causes a „toothache”. The toothache may stop if pressure is relieved. But the infection will remain active and continue to spread. This will cause more pain and can destroy tissue. […] Prompt treatment of dental decay reduces the risk of developing a tooth abscess. Have your dentist examine any broken or chipped teeth right away.

• #2 Abscess: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-gb/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/abscess

  A tooth-related abscess (also called a periapical abscess) occurs inside the tooth. This happens when the tooth’s nerve is dead or dying. This type of abscess shows up at the tip of the tooth’s root. Then it spreads to the surrounding bone. […] Most abscesses are painful, so people usually seek treatment right away. Sometimes the infection causes little or no pain. If an abscess is not treated, the infection can last for months or even years. It will not go away on its own, so it’s important not to ignore the symptoms. […] If the infection is not treated, it can damage the surrounding bone and teeth. A hollow tunnel sometimes forms through the bone and skin to allow pus to drain. This tunnel is called a fistula or „sinus tract.” You might see or feel this opening inside your mouth. It looks like a pimple. If you have pus draining through a fistula, you might notice a strange taste in your mouth.

• #2 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  Dental abscess as an end stage of dental disease is common in the community, and patients with dental abscesses are likely to seek care from their primary health provider. […] Once the infection has spread beyond the confines of the jaws, there is an increasing risk of airway obstruction and septicaemia. […] If treated with antibiotics alone, the infection will not resolve and will become progressively worse. […] Other causes of dental abscess are pericoronal infections around partially erupted impacted teeth or failed dental treatment. […] Antibiotic treatment without dental treatment to remove the cause always fails. […] Once the infection spreads beyond the confines of the jaws and into the soft tissue spaces, it becomes much more difficult to treat and potentially life threatening.

• #2 Exploring Tooth Abscess: Stages, Symptoms, and Treatments | Gentle Dental of New England

  https://www.gentledental.com/resources/articles/tooth-abscess

  An untreated tooth abscess can lead to the spread of infection from your oral cavity to other areas of the body, such as the soft tissue. […] An untreated abscessed tooth can also impact your jaw bones. […] If a dental abscess is not treated, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream. […] The jawbone may deteriorate as a result of an untreated tooth abscess which can lead to tooth loss.

• #2 Dental Abscess: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/909373-overview

  Dental caries are caused by the following: […] A periapical abscess that originates in the dental pulp and is usually secondary to dental caries is the most common dental abscess in children. Dental caries erode the protective layers of the tooth (ie, enamel, dentin) and allow bacteria to invade the pulp, producing a pulpitis. Pulpitis can progress to necrosis, with bacterial invasion of the alveolar bone, causing an abscess. […] Odontogenic infections are polymicrobial, with an average of 4-6 different causative bacteria. The dominant isolates are strictly anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci, in addition to facultative and microaerophilic streptococci. Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes 2-3:1. […] Generally, a nonpathologic resident bacterium gains entry when the host’s defenses are breached, rather than when a nontypical microorganism is introduced. The predominant species associated with dental abscess include Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Porphyromonas as well as Prevotella oralis, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Streptococcus viridans. […] In immunocompromised patients, bacteria may hematogenously spread to invade the pulp of the tooth. […] Posttraumatic infection or postsurgical infection may also cause dental abscess.

• #2 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  The onset of a dental abscess is usually slow over many months. Dental decay takes several months to reach the dental pulp. […] When an acute periapical abscess develops, a severe well-localised pain develops. […] The most common organisms are viridans streptococci initially, with the subsequent anaerobes being Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella spp. […] A small but clinically important subgroup of odontogenic infections is those with necrotising fasciitis. […] If the patient is immunocompromised (eg with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, haematological neoplasms or poorly controlled diabetes), there is likely to be increased difficulty in management and a longer hospital stay for the patient. […] Patients with decay and pulpitis, or early abscess, should be referred to a general dentist.

• #2 Tooth Abscess Child | Bright-On Bay Dental

  https://brightonbaydental.com.au/tooth-abscess-child/

  Tooth abscesses in children can arise from various causes, with poor dental hygiene being a primary factor. […] The primary cause of a tooth abscess is untreated tooth decay, often exacerbated by poor dental hygiene practices such as inadequate use of a soft toothbrush and dental floss. […] Additionally, a diet high in sugary and acidic foods contributes to the deterioration of tooth enamel, further increasing the risk of abscess formation. […] Physical injuries to a child’s mouth, such as a broken or chipped tooth, can also lead to an abscessed tooth if bacteria enter the damaged area. […] In some cases, a previous dental treatment, like a root canal, might not fully eradicate an infection, leaving the child susceptible to a periapical abscess. […] Certain medical conditions and genetic predispositions can exacerbate the risk of developing dental abscesses. […] Recognising these causes is crucial for prevention and early treatment.

• #2 Dental abscess

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/dental-abscess/

  Most abscesses are caused by a bacterial infection. Your mouth is full of bacteria. Bacteria form a sticky film on your teeth called plaque. […] The bacteria in plaque produce acids. If you do not keep your teeth clean, these acids can damage your teeth and gums. The damage can lead to tooth decay or gum disease. […] You are more at risk of developing a dental abscess if you: do not floss and brush your teeth regularly, eat lots of sugary or starchy food and drink, get an injury or have surgery on your teeth or gums, have a weakened immune system – for example, because of chemotherapy or steroid medicine, have certain conditions, such as diabetes.

• #2 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  If an abscess spreads beyond the tooth, it requires dental treatment and will not respond to antibiotics alone. […] If the infection spreads into the fascial planes of the neck or face, then there is risk of airway compromise or spread to the brain. […] The condition of dental abscess can be prevented, but this requires better access to dental care and careful antibiotic stewardship by all health professionals.

• #3 Dental Abscess: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/909373-overview

  Dental caries are caused by the following: […] A periapical abscess that originates in the dental pulp and is usually secondary to dental caries is the most common dental abscess in children. Dental caries erode the protective layers of the tooth (ie, enamel, dentin) and allow bacteria to invade the pulp, producing a pulpitis. Pulpitis can progress to necrosis, with bacterial invasion of the alveolar bone, causing an abscess. […] Odontogenic infections are polymicrobial, with an average of 4-6 different causative bacteria. The dominant isolates are strictly anaerobic gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci, in addition to facultative and microaerophilic streptococci. Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes 2-3:1. […] Generally, a nonpathologic resident bacterium gains entry when the host’s defenses are breached, rather than when a nontypical microorganism is introduced. The predominant species associated with dental abscess include Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Porphyromonas as well as Prevotella oralis, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Streptococcus viridans. […] In immunocompromised patients, bacteria may hematogenously spread to invade the pulp of the tooth. […] Posttraumatic infection or postsurgical infection may also cause dental abscess.

• #3 preview:Dental Abscess – Causes, Treatment and Risk factors – Dental Solutions Bangalore

  https://www.dentalsolutionsclinic.com/dental-abscess-causes-treatment-risk-factors/

  Dental abscess is a complication of a dental infection in most cases. Often bacteria that is present in plaque, infects the tooth. Other causes are: Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease […] A dental abscess is a pocket of pus that is associated with a particular tooth. It mostly forms around the root of an infected tooth. A dental abscess is also termed as dent alveolar abscess, tooth abscess or root abscess. There are two common types of dental abscess: Periapical abscess forms at the tip of the tooths root. Periodontal abscess affects the bone next to the tooth. There are other kinds of dental abscesses too like, a gingival abscess that involves only the gum tissue; pericoronal abscess that involves the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a tooth and combined periodontic-endodontic abscess.

• #3 Dental abscess: A microbiological review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3858730/

  Bacteriological agents implicated in causation of dental abscesses comprise of the complex mix of strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. […] Dental abscesses caused solely by strict anaerobes occur in approximately 20% of cases. […] The most commonly isolated genera include anaerobic streptococci, Fusobacterium species and the black-pigmented anaerobes such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas species. […] Prevotella species have been reported as the most frequent isolates in numerous studies, found in 10-87% of dentoalveolar abscesses. […] Studies have shown the presence of Clostridium species causing dentoalveolar abscess in a range varying from 2% to 20%. […] With the help of Polymerase Chain Reaction, high prevalence of Treponema species has been reported within the acute dental abscess. […] Facultative anaerobes belong to the viridans group streptococci and the anginosus group streptococci are commonly implicated in dental abscess.

• #3 Dental abscess | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mouth/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a collection of pus that can form inside the teeth, in the gums, or in the bone that holds the teeth in place. Its caused by a bacterial infection. […] The following can increase your chances of developing a dental abscess: poor oral hygiene plaque can build-up on your teeth if you dont brush and clean in between your teeth regularly; too much sugary food and drink these cause growth of bacteria in plaque and may lead to decay that can result in an abscess; an injury or previous surgery to your teeth or gums bacteria can get into any damaged parts of the teeth or gums; having a weakened immune system this includes people with certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, and those having treatment, including steroid medication or chemotherapy.

• #3 Abscessed Tooth Symptoms, Treatment, Extraction & Pain Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/abscessed_tooth_guide/article.htm

  Other causes for a tooth to become necrotic and abscess include the following: A blow to a tooth, Dental treatment such as a crown or a filling that gets too close to the pulp chamber, Trauma to a tooth from grinding or clenching. […] In every form of tooth abscess, the pulp is adversely affected and is unable to recover from the insult or injury. A blow to the tooth can immediately sever the tooth’s blood supply. When the blood supply is lost, the nutrient supply is also lost. As a result, the pulp quickly dies. Trauma from grinding or clenching (called „occlusal trauma”) is a slower, progressive injury to a tooth. […] A tooth that has been previously treated with a root canal procedure can also develop an abscess. This is often due to the lack of adequate seal from bacteria within the tooth or even a fracture of the tooth roots. […] Any tooth can develop an abscess, but third molars (wisdom teeth) are particularly prone to having a dental abscess because they are difficult to keep clean and can develop decay that can go unnoticed. Wisdom teeth are often removed to avoid this type of complication.

• #3 Quick Facts:Dental Abscess – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/dental-abscess

  A dental abscess is caused by bacteria that get in the pulp of your tooth or in the gums surrounding the tooth. The pulp can become infected when you have a deep cavity or a cracked tooth. […] Your body attacks the infection with large numbers of white blood cells. The dead white blood cells become the pus that forms the abscess.

• #3 Abscess: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-gb/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/abscess

  The build-up of pressure causes the pain of an abscess. Draining the abscess through a fistula reduces the pressure. The pain will disappear. However, the infection still needs to be treated. […] Sometimes, an abscess that isn’t treated can form a fluid-filled bubble (cyst) in the jaw bone. If the tooth is severely broken down and can’t be saved, the cyst may come out when the tooth is extracted. If the tooth can be saved, you will need a root canal to remove the infected nerve. If this treatment does not heal the cyst, you may need surgery to remove it. […] In rare cases, the infection that causes an abscess may spread and lead to serious health problems.

• #3 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  If an abscess spreads beyond the tooth, it requires dental treatment and will not respond to antibiotics alone. […] If the infection spreads into the fascial planes of the neck or face, then there is risk of airway compromise or spread to the brain. […] The condition of dental abscess can be prevented, but this requires better access to dental care and careful antibiotic stewardship by all health professionals.

• #3 Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/september/dental-abscess-death-and-morbidity

  The onset of a dental abscess is usually slow over many months. Dental decay takes several months to reach the dental pulp. […] When an acute periapical abscess develops, a severe well-localised pain develops. […] The most common organisms are viridans streptococci initially, with the subsequent anaerobes being Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella spp. […] A small but clinically important subgroup of odontogenic infections is those with necrotising fasciitis. […] If the patient is immunocompromised (eg with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, haematological neoplasms or poorly controlled diabetes), there is likely to be increased difficulty in management and a longer hospital stay for the patient. […] Patients with decay and pulpitis, or early abscess, should be referred to a general dentist.

• #3 Tooth abscess: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm

  A tooth abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection. […] A tooth abscess may form if there is tooth decay. It may also occur when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread from the root of the tooth to the bones supporting the tooth. […] Infection results in a buildup of pus and tissue swelling within the tooth. This causes a „toothache”. The toothache may stop if pressure is relieved. But the infection will remain active and continue to spread. This will cause more pain and can destroy tissue. […] Prompt treatment of dental decay reduces the risk of developing a tooth abscess. Have your dentist examine any broken or chipped teeth right away.

• #3 Dental Abscess – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493149/

  Dental abscesses or periapical infections typically arise secondary to dental caries (tooth rot related to poor dental hygiene), trauma, or failed dental root canal treatment. […] Dental caries, trauma, and poor dental hygiene are the most frequent causes of dental abscesses. A breakdown in the protective enamel of teeth allows oropharyngeal bacteria to enter the tooth cavity (pulp cavity), causing a local infection. […] Another cause that predisposes individuals to a dental abscess is a partially erupted tooth, most commonly a wisdom tooth, where bacteria get trapped between the crown and soft tissues, causing inflammation. Other causes include genetic causes such as imperfect amelogenesis, which predisposes individuals to weakened enamel and makes them more susceptible to wear. Mechanical causes tooth grinding to break down tooth enamel. Medical conditions like Sjogren syndrome cause dry mouth, accelerating oropharyngeal microbial growth. Chemical irritants such as smoke from methamphetamine, immunosuppression arising from chemotherapy, or chronic immunosuppressive medical conditions such as HIV/AIDs can predispose individuals to dental caries.

• #3 Dental abscess

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dental-abscess/

  A dental abscess is a build-up of pus in the teeth or gums caused by an infection. It needs urgent treatment by a dentist. A dental abscess will not go away on its own. […] Dental abscesses usually happen when pus builds up beneath your teeth or gums when you have an infection in your mouth. […] You may get a dental abscess if: you have a tooth that has not grown out of your gums properly (an impacted tooth); you have tooth decay or gum disease; you have injured your teeth, gums or mouth; you’re having radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

• #4 Periodontal Abscess: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24573-periodontal-abscess

  A periodontal abscess forms when bacteria from your mouth invade the space between your teeth and gums. Gum disease is the most common reason why this occurs, and its the number one risk factor for periodontal abscesses. […] Risk factors for periodontal abscess include: Poor oral hygiene. This is the number one risk factor. If you dont routinely remove plaque and tartar from your teeth, your gums become red and inflamed. These symptoms are early indicators of gum disease. Left untreated, gum disease can result in dental abscesses and bone loss. […] A periodontal abscess is a dental emergency that requires prompt attention. Periodontal abscess treatments include: Periodontal abscess drainage. Your dentist may need to drain the abscess. […] A periodontal abscess wont go away on its own. It requires professional treatment. […] Most periodontal abscesses arent life-threatening. But because the infection can spread, its important to treat it as quickly as possible. Though its rare, an untreated periodontal abscess can result in sepsis and other life-threatening conditions.

Zobacz więcej