Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Breast Fibroadenoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535345/

  Fibroadenoma tends to occur in early life. It is most commonly found in adolescents and less commonly in postmenopausal women. The incidence of fibroadenoma decreases with age and is generally found in females before 30 in the general population. It is estimated that 10% of the world’s female population suffers from fibroadenoma once in a lifetime. […] A family history of breast cancer is also significant. Female patients who have first-degree relatives with breast cancer should be monitored and observed more carefully for malignant features than patients without this family history. […] The prognosis of fibroadenoma is good because it is a benign mass that shrinks in size over time in most cases.

• #2 Breast fibroadenomas: a review in the light of current…

  https://ppch.pl/seo/article/01.3001.0014.5676/en

  Fibroadenomas are the most common breast masses in adolescent females with an overall incidence of about 2.2%. They account for 68% of all breast masses and 44–94% of biopsied breast lesions. It is estimated that about 10% of the world’s female population suffer from fibroadenoma once in a lifetime. The peak age for fibroadenoma in Caucasian women is in their 20s whereas in African, American, Hispanic and other women of colour, it is found earlier in late teens. […] Due to their hormonal sensitivity, fibroadenomas may fluctuate with the menstrual cycle, commonly enlarge during pregnancy and involute at menopause. Hence, they rarely present after the age of 40 years. However, with the wide use of hormone-replacement therapies (HRT), the prevalence of fibroadenoma has increased in that age group, too in recent times. […] In the adolescent population, 10–40% of fibroadenomas have been found to spontaneously regress.

• #3 Benign Breast Lumps Melbourne | Benign Breast Treatment | Breast Cysts Melbourne, VIC

  https://www.melbournebreastcancersurgery.com.au/benign-breast-lumps.html

  Fibroadenomas are harmless lumps of glandular and fibrous tissue. […] Up to one in six (15%) of women have a fibroadenoma at some time in their life. Fibroadenomas account for about 12% of all symptomatic breast masses. […] Fibroadenomas are most common in women aged 20 to 40 with a peak incidence in the 21-25 year age group. Fewer than 5% occur in women over the age of 50 years. […] Fibroadenomas can also get bigger during pregnancy and breastfeeding but often get smaller again afterwards. This is quite normal and nothing to worry about. […] Fibroadenomas are not cancerous, and having one does not significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. […] The chance of cancer developing within a fibroadenoma is no higher than the chances of cancer developing elsewhere in the breast.

• #4 Prevalence of breast fibroadenoma in healthy physical examination population in Guangdong province of China: a cross-sectional study | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e057080

  The prevalence of breast fibroadenoma in women aged 18-40 years in our study was 27.6%, which represents accurate epidemiologic data for this benign breast tumour. […] In addition, ultrasonography showed high concordance with histological diagnosis, indicating that ultrasonography is an accurate diagnostic procedure for fibroadenoma, with high sensitivity and specificity in the absence of breast biopsy. […] To date, this was the largest-sample-size single-centre study to assess the prevalence of fibroadenoma. […] We found a higher incidence of fibroadenoma than the maximum of 25% reported in a previous study. […] The frequency of fibroadenoma in women aged 19-70 years was reported to be approximately 9% in 1974-1975 and 1984-1985 based on the review of benign breast biopsy specimens in Japan. […] Our study demonstrated that ultrasonography was an accurate tool for the clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma. Using this method, the prevalence of fibroadenoma was shown to be as high as 27.6% in a healthy population in South China.

• #5 The surgeon’s guide to fibroadenomas – Kopkash – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6448/html

  Fibroadenomas (FA) are the most common benign breast lesion. The true incidence of FA is difficult to assess since many of these patients are followed by imaging or clinical exam in their primary care physicians office. However, autopsy studies show approximately 20 percent of women in adolescence to mid-20s have FA. FA account for approximately half of all breast biopsies and are most commonly diagnosed in women between 15 and 35 years old. The risk of FA decreases significantly with age after the peak incidence in the 2030 age group. […] FAs usually grow as sharply circumscribed spherical nodules and they are made up of epithelial and stromal components. FA are characterized as proliferative breast lesions without atypia and they are associated with a slight increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future, however there is some variation in risk based on subtype. The common subtypes of FA are juvenile, simple, complex, and giant.

• #6 Fibroadenoma – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/fibroadenoma/

  Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumor in women under 35 years of age. […] Peak incidence: 20-30 years. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Although most fibroadenomas are benign and have an excellent prognosis, complex adenomas are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. […] Lesions diagnosed as fibroadenoma on imaging alone: Short-term (every 6 months for 2 years) follow-up with imaging is recommended. […] Biopsy-proven fibroadenomas: Longer surveillance intervals may be considered.

• #7 Fibroadenoma (breast) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fibroadenoma-breast?embed_domain=hackmd.io%2F%40yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%2Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.png&lang=us

  Fibroadenomas typically occur in women between the ages of 10 and 40 years. It is the most common solid breast mass in women of all ages and the most common breast mass in the adolescent and young adult population. Their peak incidence is between 25 and 40 years and decreases after 40 years. […] They are benign lesions with minimal or no malignant potential. The risk of malignant transformation is extremely low and has been reported to range around 0.01-0.3%.

• #8 Fibroadenoma of the Breast Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/fibroadenoma-of-the-breast/

  Fibroadenomas have been reported in up to 9% of the female population. They are most common in young women, occurring mostly in the 21-25 year age group. Fewer than 5% occur in women over age 50. […] Fibroadenomas are sensitive to hormonal change. They frequently vary during the menstrual cycle, often becoming more prominent and more tender prior to a period. Fibroadenomas can become larger during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. […] It is estimated that approximately one third of fibroadenomas, if left alone, will decrease in size or even disappear completely. A further one third will increase in size, with the rest staying the same. […] Fibroadenomas are not cancerous, and having one does not significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Fibroadenomas contain some normal breast tissue cells, and these cells can develop cancer, like all the cells in the breast. The chance of cancer developing within a fibroadenoma is no higher than the chances of cancer developing elsewhere in the breast.

• #9 Fibroadenoma epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Fibroadenoma_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Fibroadenoma is the most common breast mass in the adolescent population. […] There are no definite data regarding the exact incidence of fibroadenoma among the US general population. […] Fibroadenoma commonly affects individuals younger than 30 years of age. […] Females are more commonly affected with fibroadenoma than males. […] Fibroadenoma usually affects individuals of the African American race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop fibroadenoma. […] The incidence of fibroadenoma is approximately 2.2% in the adolescent population. […] Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor in women under the age of 30. […] Fibroadenoma constitutes about 50% of all breast biopsies, with this rate rising to 75% for biopsies in women under the age of 20 years. […] Multiple fibroadenomas occur in 10 to 25% of cases.

• #10 Fibroadenoma epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Fibroadenoma_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Fibroadenoma can be found most commonly in women between the age of 14 to 35 years but it can be found at any age. It is less commonly seen in postmenopausal women. […] Females are more commonly affected with fibroadenoma than males. […] Fibroadenoma usually affects individuals of the African American race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop fibroadenoma.

• #11 Fibroadenoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroadenoma

  Of all breast tissue samples taken, fibroadenomas comprise about 50%, and this rate rises to 75% for tissue sample in women under the age of 20 years. Fibroadenomas are more frequent among women in higher socioeconomic classes and darker-skinned people. Body mass index and the number of full-term pregnancies were found to have a negative correlation with the risk of fibroadenomas. There are no known genetic factors that influence the rate of fibroadenomas. The rate of occurrence of fibroadenomas in women has been reported in literature to range from 7% to 13%.

• #12

  https://www.ijsurgery.com/index.php/isj/article/view/2509

  Fibroadenomas of breast are the commonest benign breast conditions. […] Urban females have higher incidence of fibroadenoma (72%). […] Fibroadenoma are common in third decade, urban female population.

• #13 Breast Fibroadenoma | American Hospital of Paris

  https://www.american-hospital.org/en/pathologie/breast-fibroadenoma

  Breast fibroadenomas are the most common type of breast tumor. They affect up to 20% of women and can develop at any age, though they are most frequent between the ages of 15 and 35. […] The occurrence of breast fibroadenomas fluctuates, meaning they can disappear and come back later. […] The precise causes of fibroadenomas are unknown. Hormonal factors relating to the menstrual cycle are often evoked, since fibroadenomas develop more frequently in women of child-bearing age and tend to regress after menopause. […] Surveillance through self-examination and medical examination of the breasts is most frequently prescribed. Additional tests including imaging and biopsy can also be prescribed if there is the slightest doubt.

• #14

  https://step2.medbullets.com/gynecology/120421/fibroadenoma

  Epidemiology […] Incidence […] common in women 15-35 years of age […] second most common benign breast mass […] most common breast tumor in women under 30 […] Demographics […] mostly women […] in males may be associated with anti-androgen treatment […] Risk factors […] use of oral contraceptives […] pregnancy […] […] […] Complications […] May be a risk factor for future cancer […] if the fibroadenoma is complex […] positive family history of breast cancer

• #15 Ultrasound Lexicon in diagnosis and management of breast fibroadenoma: when to follow up and when to biopsy | Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Full Text

  https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-019-0125-5

  Fibroadenomas (FAD) are mostly benign tumors consisted of both epithelial and stroma contents. They are usually noticed in young-aged women. […] Those who are obese or gained weight (203 kg) within 18 years showed high risk of appearance of fibroadenoma. As well as severe stress may increase the risk as endogenous level of estrogen increased also. Fibroadenomata have an inverse relationship with increasing age. […] It is the most seen benign tumor in the breast in young women. Women usually presented with a mass which is firm and mobile. Fibroadenomata are known to be hormonally sensitive as they usually enlarged with pregnancy and lactation due to rising of hormones. […] Old patients with median age of 47 years often present with complex fibroadenomata while the simple fibroadenoma usually occurred in patients with median age of 28.5 years and often smaller in size. Breast cancer risk increases in patients with complex fibroadenomas than the classical ones.

• #16

  https://europepmc.org/books/n/statpearls/article-18600/?extid=31082016&src=med

  Fibroadenoma tends to occur in early life. It is most commonly found in adolescents and less commonly in postmenopausal women. The incidence of fibroadenoma decreases with age and is generally found in females before 30 in the general population. It is estimated that 10% of the world’s female population suffers from fibroadenoma once in a lifetime. […] A family history of breast cancer is also significant. Female patients who have first-degree relatives with breast cancer should be monitored and observed more carefully for malignant features than patients without this family history. […] An interprofessional approach to fibroadenoma is recommended. The majority of breast lesions in young women are identified on an incidental breast exam either by the patient or the healthcare provider. Even though fibroadenomas are benign lesions, sometimes the histology may need to be confirmed. Healthcare workers should never assume that all firm, rubbery lesions are benign. If ever in doubt, get a radiologist or surgeon to perform a biopsy. Missing a malignant breast lesion in a young female can lead to poor outcomes.

• #17

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/alberta/Pages/fibroadenomas.aspx

  Fibroadenomas are the most common solid breast lumps in younger women. […] Most fibroadenomas are not linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. […] Monitoring is the most common follow-up for fibroadenomas. This means you’ll go back to your healthcare provider for a breast exam and more breast imaging in 6 months. Usually, the radiologist (imaging specialist) will recommend breast imaging every 6 months for 1 to 2 years to check that the lump is stable (not growing or changing).

• #18

  https://journals.lww.com/cmj/fulltext/2021/05050/clinical_practice_guideline_for_breast.2.aspx

  Breast fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the breast in women, and can occur at all ages. However, these tumors are more commonly seen in women aged 15 to 35 years. […] The incidence of malignancy in fibroadenoma is very low, therefore, regular follow-up after core needle biopsy diagnosed as fibroadenoma is safe. For Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 fibroadenoma, the guidelines panel recommends clinical palpation combined with ultrasonography examination every 6 months. For patients with stable lesions followed up regularly for 2 years, the follow-up interval may be extended to once every 12 months. […] It is safe not to biopsy of typical fibroadenomas in young women when the clinical and sonographic presentations meet strict criteria. This is because, in these patients, ultrasonography and pathology have good concordance rates, and a missed diagnosis of malignant disease is rare.

• #19 The surgeon’s guide to fibroadenomas – Kopkash – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6448/html

  The exact etiology of FA is unknown. There is likely a hormonal component because FA are most common during the reproductive years and they also often enlarge during pregnancy or with estrogen therapies. Risk factors that increase a women’s risk for breast cancer also seem to increase her risk for FA, including early menarche in some reports. A family history of breast cancer has also been shown to increase the risk of FA in certain women. […] Observation alone is reasonable in pediatric FA that are asymptomatic. In adult patients, the American Society of Breast Surgeons Choosing Wisely campaign recommends against routinely excising biopsy-proven FA that are 2 cm. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for palpable breast masses even states that short term imaging follow-up (such as every 6 months for 2 years) is a reasonable alternative to biopsy for solid masses with probably benign features suggesting FA. […] Once the breast surgeon has diagnosed an FA in their patient, the next step is discussing a management strategy; surveillance, surgical excision, or alternative management.

• #20 Benign Breast Lumps Melbourne | Benign Breast Treatment | Breast Cysts Melbourne, VIC

  https://www.melbournebreastcancersurgery.com.au/benign-breast-lumps.html

  Larger fibroadenomas (3-4 cm diameter) should be considered for excision biopsy, regardless of patient age and triple testing results. […] Any lesion being followed which significantly increases in size or develops atypical features on imaging should also undergo repeat biopsy or be considered for excision biopsy.

• #21 Childhood Breast Tumors Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/child-breast-treatment-pdq

  Benign fibroadenomas are the most common breast tumors seen in children aged 18 years or younger. The prevalence of fibroadenoma is 2.2% in females aged 10 to 30 years. The incidence increases with age, although girls aged 12 to 16 years tend to have larger lesions than women aged 17 years and older. More than 95% of patients are female. Types of fibroadenoma in children aged 18 years or younger include simple fibroadenoma (70%90% of cases) and giant juvenile fibroadenoma (0.5%2% of cases). […] There is no evidence that childhood or adolescent fibroadenomas have carcinomatous potential. […] Indications for resection include tumor size at presentation of 2 cm to 5 cm (or larger); tumor enlargement during 2 to 12 months of observation; multiple breast masses or bilateral breast masses; and patient, parental, or provider anxiety.

• #22 Ultrasound Lexicon in diagnosis and management of breast fibroadenoma: when to follow up and when to biopsy | Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Full Text

  https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-019-0125-5

  The American Society of Breast Surgeons guideline indicates that the best diagnostic procedure choice for US-visible lesions is ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and those which are superficial in location can be easily excised by minimally invasive ablation techniques. […] The objective of this study is to detect the accuracy of breast ultrasound in diagnosis of fibroadenoma and differentiate between typical and atypical ones. […] We had two groups of patients: Group I is composed of 20 patients with 36 typical fibroadenomas showing typical criteria by ultrasound and by follow up showing stationary course. […] Group II in our study, 35 fibroadenomata, had atypical criteria by ultrasound; seven were proven to be complex fibroadenomas by pathology. […] According to Pinto et al. 2014, the mean age of complex fibroadenoma group was 42 years (range, 2270 years) and mean size 1.9 cm, which were larger than simple fibroadenomas mean size (1.9 versus 1.3 cm) coinciding with our study.

• #23 Ultrasound Lexicon in diagnosis and management of breast fibroadenoma: when to follow up and when to biopsy | Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Full Text

  https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-019-0125-5

  Dupont et al. in 1994 noted that the cumulative risk of invasive breast carcinomas in women with complex FAs was 3.1 times greater than the risk in the normal population and 1.89 times greater than that in women with simple FAs. They recommended that patients with complex FAs should undergo screening mammographic surveillance, beginning at age 35 or 40 years. […] In our study, we verified the role of ultrasound and color Doppler in the diagnosis of fibroadenomata as well as the differentiation between simple and complex fibroadenomas for optimal management (biopsy versus follow up). […] Breast ultrasound and color Doppler played a specific role in diagnosis of fibroadenoma, differentiation between typical and atypical ones, and assess the impact of imaging by ultrasound on patient management (biopsy versus follow up).

• #24 Fibroadenoma within a radial scar | Applied Radiology

  https://appliedradiology.com/articles/fibroadenoma-within-a-radial-scar

  The relative risk of breast cancer for women with RS is 1.88; when atypia is also present, the relative risk increases to 2.81. […] A mammographic lesion suggestive of radial scar is generally regarded as an indication for core needle biopsy. […] Therefore, all patients with percutaneous diagnosis of a radial scar should undergo surgical excision regardless of mammographic and sonographic appearances, until further criteria can be determined. […] Recent reports suggest that using larger bore needles (11 gauge or larger) for core biopsy may improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and may potentially obviate the need for surgical excision. […] These patients may then be followed by serial mammographic surveillance. […] Radial scar is a radiologic and pathologically benign entity that can not only be associated with atypia and/or malignancy, but may also be an independent risk factor for breast carcinoma.

• #25 Fibroadenomas of the Breast | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibroadenomas-of-the-breast.html

  Fibroadenomas are most common in women in their 20s and 30s, but they can be found in women of any age. […] Simple fibroadenomas do not seem to increase breast cancer risk by much, if at all. Complex fibroadenomas seem to increase the risk slightly more than simple fibroadenomas. […] It’s important that women with fibroadenomas have regular breast exams or imaging tests to make sure the fibroadenomas are not growing.

• #26 Fibroadenoma | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/breast-lumps-and-benign-not-cancer-breast-conditions/fibroadenoma

  Fibroadenomas can occur at any age but are more common in younger women. […] Most fibroadenomas do not need to be treated. […] Having a fibroadenoma does not usually increase your risk of breast cancer. […] Simple fibroadenomas do not increase the risk of developing breast cancer in the future. […] Having a complex fibroadenoma can very slightly increase the risk of developing breast cancer in the future. […] For most people, having a fibroadenoma does not increase the risk of developing breast cancer. […] If you were diagnosed with a complex fibroadenoma, your risk is very slightly increased.

• #27 Fibroadenoma of Breast: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fibroadenoma-breast

  A fibroadenoma is a noncancerous tumor in the breast thats commonly found in women under the age of 30. According to the American Society of Breast Surgeons Foundation, approximately 10 percent of women in the United States receive a diagnosis of fibroadenoma. […] African-American women are more likely to develop these tumors. […] Complex fibroadenomas can slightly increase your risk of breast cancer. The American Cancer Society states that women with complex fibroadenomas have approximately one and a half times greater risk of developing breast cancer than women with no breast lumps. […] Due to the slightly increased risk of breast cancer, you should have regular checkups with your doctor and schedule regular mammograms if you have fibroadenomas.

• #28 Breast fibroadenomas are not associated with increased breast cancer risk in an African American contemporary cohort of women with benign breast disease | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-018-1027-6

  Fibroadenomas are common benign breast lesions, and studies of European American women indicate a persistent, increased risk of breast cancer after diagnosing a fibroadenoma on biopsy. This association has not been independently assessed in African American women, despite reports that these women are more likely to present with fibroadenomas. […] Unlike women with other benign lesions (SIR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.66), women with fibroadenomas did not have an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with the general population (SIR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75, 1.18). Biopsies that indicated a fibroadenoma were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer after adjusting for age at biopsy, proliferation, and atypia (relative risk, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48, 0.93) compared with biopsies without a fibroadenoma.

• #29 Breast fibroadenomas are not associated with increased breast cancer risk in an African American contemporary cohort of women with benign breast disease | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-018-1027-6

  These findings have important implications for breast cancer risk models and clinical assessment, particularly among African American women, in whom fibroadenomas are common. […] We report findings in a contemporary cohort of African American women who have had a breast biopsy that show those with a fibroadenoma observed on biopsy are not at increased risk of subsequent breast cancer compared with the general population of African American women. When compared with all benign biopsies, biopsies that indicated a fibroadenoma were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer that remains significant even after adjusting for age, proliferative disease, and atypia. […] Our study suggests that fibroadenomas do not increase risk of subsequent breast cancers. Ultimately, examining specific features of BBD will improve risk estimates used in breast cancer risk models, reduce patient anxiety, and improve management of fibroadenoma in the clinic by reducing overscreening and overtreatment of this population, both associated with potential patient harms and excessive resource allocation.

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