Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health

  Untreated dental caries (tooth decay) in permanent teeth is the most common health condition according to the Global Burden of Disease 2021. […] Most oral health conditions are largely preventable and can be treated in their early stages. […] Prevalence of the main oral diseases continues to increase globally with growing urbanization and changes in living conditions. […] A continued high intake of free sugars, inadequate exposure to fluoride and a lack of removal of plaque by toothbrushing can lead to caries, pain and sometimes tooth loss and infection. […] Most oral diseases and conditions share modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption and an unhealthy diet high in free sugars that are common to other NCDs including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes.

• #1 Fluoride to Prevent Tooth Decay

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/prevention-wellness/oral-health/fast-facts-oral-health/fluoride-prevent-decay.html

  The best protection from dental caries (tooth decay, cavities) is good oral hygiene, regular access to professional oral health care, a healthy diet of low sugar food and beverages, the mineral fluoride, and dental sealants. […] Fluoride has resulted in a tremendous reduction of tooth decay and loss of teeth in the Illinois population. […] According to CDC, drinking water that contains the recommended levels of fluoride reduces tooth decay by 25%. […] Fluoridations contribution to dramatic declines in both the prevalence and severity of tooth decay has led the CDC to name water fluoridation one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century. […] The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends a level of 0.7 milligrams per Liter (mg/L) of fluoride in your drinking water. This is the level that prevents tooth decay and promotes good oral health.

• #2 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people have dental caries in their permanent teeth. […] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. […] The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. […] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. […] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. […] Between 29% and 59% of adults over the age of 50 experience caries. […] Treating dental cavities costs 5-10% of health-care budgets in industrialized countries, and can easily exceed budgets in lower-income countries. […] The number of cases has decreased in some developed countries, and this decline is usually attributed to increasingly better oral hygiene practices and preventive measures such as fluoride treatment.

• #2 Fluoride to Prevent Tooth Decay

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/prevention-wellness/oral-health/fast-facts-oral-health/fluoride-prevent-decay.html

  The best protection from dental caries (tooth decay, cavities) is good oral hygiene, regular access to professional oral health care, a healthy diet of low sugar food and beverages, the mineral fluoride, and dental sealants. […] Fluoride has resulted in a tremendous reduction of tooth decay and loss of teeth in the Illinois population. […] According to CDC, drinking water that contains the recommended levels of fluoride reduces tooth decay by 25%. […] Fluoridations contribution to dramatic declines in both the prevalence and severity of tooth decay has led the CDC to name water fluoridation one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century. […] The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends a level of 0.7 milligrams per Liter (mg/L) of fluoride in your drinking water. This is the level that prevents tooth decay and promotes good oral health.

• #3 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people have dental caries in their permanent teeth. […] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. […] The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. […] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. […] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. […] Between 29% and 59% of adults over the age of 50 experience caries. […] Treating dental cavities costs 5-10% of health-care budgets in industrialized countries, and can easily exceed budgets in lower-income countries. […] The number of cases has decreased in some developed countries, and this decline is usually attributed to increasingly better oral hygiene practices and preventive measures such as fluoride treatment.

• #3 Cavities: Community Water Fluoridation | The Community Guide

  https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/dental-caries-cavities-community-water-fluoridation.html

  The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends community water fluoridation to reduce tooth decay (i.e., dental caries or cavities). […] Community water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride in a public water supply to help prevent tooth decay (i.e., dental caries or cavities) in the community. […] Results from both the McDonough et al. review and the updated search for evidence showed a decrease in new dental caries after community water fluoridation began and an increase in new dental caries when it stopped. […] Combined evidence showed a median decrease of 15.2 percentage points in caries after community water fluoridation began (12 studies). […] Included studies showed that community water fluoridation reduced the prevalence of dental caries across socioeconomic groups.

• #4 Epidemiology of dental caries in permanent dentition: evidence from a population-based survey in Egypt | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14844-9

  In recognition of the risk factors common between oral diseases and various chronic conditions and the intersection between oral health and some sustainable development goals, the current cross-sectional study was designed to quantify the burden of dental caries and identify factors associated with its occurrence in permanent teeth. […] According to the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, untreated dental caries in permanent dentition was the most prevalent health problem, affecting around 2 billion people with over 45% increase in the number of cases from 1990 to 2019. […] In most countries, conducting population-based surveys or implementing surveillance systems to monitor oral health status are not considered a public health priority. […] The current study had a two-fold objective: i) estimating the prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition of Egyptians, and ii) investigating potential oral health determinants that contribute to the increased risk of caries experience.

• #4 Cavities: Community Water Fluoridation | The Community Guide

  https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/dental-caries-cavities-community-water-fluoridation.html

  After community water fluoridation was started: The number of individuals free of dental caries increased by a median of 14.6 percentage points (11 studies). […] When community water fluoridation was stopped: Studies reported an increase in the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (6 studies) or surfaces (2 studies). […] The number of individuals free of dental caries increased by a median of 25.1 percentage points (1 study). […] The total number of decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces decreased by 0.59 among children 8 years of age, and 1.39 among children 14 years of age (1 study) when compared to communities that continued community water fluoridation. […] The number of new decayed, missing, or filled surfaces increased by 0.13 among children 8 years of age, and by 0.47 among children 14 years of age (1 study) when compared to communities that continued community water fluoridation. […] There is no evidence that shows community water fluoridation results in severe dental fluorosis.

• #5

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries

  Dental caries (also known as tooth decay or dental cavities) is the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide. […] Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is the most widespread noncommunicable disease (NCD). […] Almost half of the worlds population is affected by dental caries, making it the most prevalent of all health conditions. […] The majority of dental caries occurs in adults because the disease is cumulative. […] There is a clear dose-response relationship between sugars consumption and dental caries. […] It has been estimated that, globally in 2010, US$ 298 billion was spent on direct costs associated with dental caries. […] Population-wide strategies to reduce free sugars consumption are the key public health approach that should be a high and urgent priority. […] Dental caries disproportionally affect poor and disadvantaged populations, which have lower access to prevention and care. […] WHO works with Member States and partners on policies and programs to reduce dental caries as part of work to prevent noncommunicable diseases.

• #5 “No-drill” dentistry stops tooth decay – new research – The University of Sydney

  https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2015/12/07/_no-drill_-dentistry-stops-tooth-decay—new-research.html

  A University of Sydney study has revealed that tooth decay (dental caries) can be stopped, reversed, and prevented without the need for the traditional 'fill and drill’ approach that has dominated dental care for decades. […] The results of the seven year study, published today in Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, found that the need for fillings was reduced by 30 to 50 per cent through preventative oral care. […] This research signals the need for a major shift in the way tooth decay is managed by dentists dental practice in Australia needs to change. Our study shows that a preventative approach has major benefits compared to current practice. […] 50 years of research studies have shown that decay is not always progressive and develops more slowly than was previously believed.

• #6 SciELO Brazil – Prevalence of Tooth Decay and Associated Factors Among Ethiopian Patients Prevalence of Tooth Decay and Associated Factors Among Ethiopian Patients

  https://www.scielo.br/j/pboci/a/7BBvGCXQsHQxSSYyZ3trmNM/

  Objective: To assess the prevalence of tooth decay and its associated factors among the age group of 15-20 years old visiting Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. […] The magnitude of tooth decay among study participants was 57.8%. […] Tooth decay is highly prevalent among visitors between 15-20 years of age. […] The growing consumption of sugary food in the developing world, poor tooth brushing habits, poor oral hygiene and low level of awareness about dental caries are some of the factors that increased the levels of Dental Decay. […] The overall prevalence of tooth decay found was 57.80%. […] This study showed that patient who lived in urban had 1.78 times chance of developing dental caries than those patients who were living in rural. […] The findings of this study showed considerably higher caries prevalence in the sweet eating group compared to those who did not eat sweets.

• #6 Fluoride to Prevent Tooth Decay

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/prevention-wellness/oral-health/fast-facts-oral-health/fluoride-prevent-decay.html

  The best protection from dental caries (tooth decay, cavities) is good oral hygiene, regular access to professional oral health care, a healthy diet of low sugar food and beverages, the mineral fluoride, and dental sealants. […] Fluoride has resulted in a tremendous reduction of tooth decay and loss of teeth in the Illinois population. […] According to CDC, drinking water that contains the recommended levels of fluoride reduces tooth decay by 25%. […] Fluoridations contribution to dramatic declines in both the prevalence and severity of tooth decay has led the CDC to name water fluoridation one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century. […] The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends a level of 0.7 milligrams per Liter (mg/L) of fluoride in your drinking water. This is the level that prevents tooth decay and promotes good oral health.

• #7 Epidemiology of dental caries in permanent dentition: evidence from a population-based survey in Egypt | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14844-9

  Findings from Egypt’s national oral health survey 2013-2014 provide the first representative information on caries experience in permanent dentition in the Egyptian population since the early nineties. […] Our findings suggest that the burden of dental caries in permanent teeth (DMFT score 5.5) is too high, for example, when compared to the overall mean DMFT reported by a meta-analysis on the caries experience in a number of countries in East Africa that reached 1.9. […] Dental caries remains a major health issue in Egypt particularly among vulnerable groups namely women and people with a low SEP.

• #7

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #8 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people have dental caries in their permanent teeth. […] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. […] The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. […] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. […] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. […] Between 29% and 59% of adults over the age of 50 experience caries. […] Treating dental cavities costs 5-10% of health-care budgets in industrialized countries, and can easily exceed budgets in lower-income countries. […] The number of cases has decreased in some developed countries, and this decline is usually attributed to increasingly better oral hygiene practices and preventive measures such as fluoride treatment.

• #8 Oral Health – Hawai’i Health Data Warehouse

  https://hhdw.org/health-topics/oral-health-2/

  Oral health conditions include dental caries (cavities), periodontal (gum) disease, tooth loss, oral cancer, birth defects such as cleft lip, and more. […] Tooth decay is the most common chronic disease among both children and adults in the United States (US). […] More than 1 in 4 US adults (26%) aged 20-64 currently have cavities, and nearly half (46%) of all adults aged 30 or older show signs of gum disease. […] Children with poor oral health miss more school and receive lower grades than those with better health, while adults lose more school or work hours for urgent, unplanned dental visits. […] Community water fluoridation reduces and aids in preventing tooth decay among all socioeconomic, racial and ethnic groups. […] Sealants are thin plastic coatings applied to the tiny grooves on chewing surfaces of teeth. Once applied, sealants protect against 80% of cavities for 2 years and continue to protect against 50% of cavities for up to 4 years.

• #9 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people have dental caries in their permanent teeth. […] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. […] The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. […] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. […] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. […] Between 29% and 59% of adults over the age of 50 experience caries. […] Treating dental cavities costs 5-10% of health-care budgets in industrialized countries, and can easily exceed budgets in lower-income countries. […] The number of cases has decreased in some developed countries, and this decline is usually attributed to increasingly better oral hygiene practices and preventive measures such as fluoride treatment.

• #9

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #10 2023 MIPS Measure #378: Children Who Have Dental Decay or Cavities | MDinteractive

  https://mdinteractive.com/mips_quality_measure/2023-mips-quality-measure-378

  Percentage of children, 6 months – 20 years of age at the start of the measurement period, who have had tooth decay or cavities during the measurement period as determined by a dentist. […] Dental caries is the most chronic disease among youth aged 6-19 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015-2016 showed that approximately 45.8% of children and youth aged 2-19 years had total caries (untreated and treated). Prevalence of total dental caries (untreated and treated) in primary or permanent teeth increases with age, going from 21.4%, 50.5%, and 53.8% among ages 2-5, 6-11, and 12-19, respectively. Total dental caries was highest in Hispanic youths aged 2-19 at 57.1% compared to 48.1% for non-Hispanic black, 44.6% for non-Asian, and 40.4% for non-Hispanic white youth. Monitoring prevalence of untreated and total caries is vital to preventing and controlling oral disease (Fleming Afful, 2018).

• #10

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #11 2023 MIPS Measure #378: Children Who Have Dental Decay or Cavities | MDinteractive

  https://mdinteractive.com/mips_quality_measure/2023-mips-quality-measure-378

  Percentage of children, 6 months – 20 years of age at the start of the measurement period, who have had tooth decay or cavities during the measurement period as determined by a dentist. […] Dental caries is the most chronic disease among youth aged 6-19 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015-2016 showed that approximately 45.8% of children and youth aged 2-19 years had total caries (untreated and treated). Prevalence of total dental caries (untreated and treated) in primary or permanent teeth increases with age, going from 21.4%, 50.5%, and 53.8% among ages 2-5, 6-11, and 12-19, respectively. Total dental caries was highest in Hispanic youths aged 2-19 at 57.1% compared to 48.1% for non-Hispanic black, 44.6% for non-Asian, and 40.4% for non-Hispanic white youth. Monitoring prevalence of untreated and total caries is vital to preventing and controlling oral disease (Fleming Afful, 2018).

• #11

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #12 2023 MIPS Measure #378: Children Who Have Dental Decay or Cavities | MDinteractive

  https://mdinteractive.com/mips_quality_measure/2023-mips-quality-measure-378

  Percentage of children, 6 months – 20 years of age at the start of the measurement period, who have had tooth decay or cavities during the measurement period as determined by a dentist. […] Dental caries is the most chronic disease among youth aged 6-19 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015-2016 showed that approximately 45.8% of children and youth aged 2-19 years had total caries (untreated and treated). Prevalence of total dental caries (untreated and treated) in primary or permanent teeth increases with age, going from 21.4%, 50.5%, and 53.8% among ages 2-5, 6-11, and 12-19, respectively. Total dental caries was highest in Hispanic youths aged 2-19 at 57.1% compared to 48.1% for non-Hispanic black, 44.6% for non-Asian, and 40.4% for non-Hispanic white youth. Monitoring prevalence of untreated and total caries is vital to preventing and controlling oral disease (Fleming Afful, 2018).

• #12

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #13 April JADA finds more than 1 in 5 US adults have untreated caries | American Dental Association

  https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2022/march/april-jada-finds-more-than-1-in-5-us-adults-have-untreated-caries/

  More than 1 in 5 U.S. adults have untreated caries, and those with a family income at or below the poverty threshold are at a disproportionately high risk of being part of that group, according to a study published in the April issue of The Journal of the American Dental Association. […] The study found the prevalence of untreated caries to be 21.3%, based on a weighted sample representative of 193.5 million U.S. adults. […] „There is a substantial unmet health care need in the U.S. adult population for the prevention and management of untreated caries, and public health efforts should aim particularly to address disease within those subgroups who are at a disproportionately high risk,” Dr. Bashir said in the study.

• #13 Epidemiology of dental caries in permanent dentition: evidence from a population-based survey in Egypt | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-14844-9

  In recognition of the risk factors common between oral diseases and various chronic conditions and the intersection between oral health and some sustainable development goals, the current cross-sectional study was designed to quantify the burden of dental caries and identify factors associated with its occurrence in permanent teeth. […] According to the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, untreated dental caries in permanent dentition was the most prevalent health problem, affecting around 2 billion people with over 45% increase in the number of cases from 1990 to 2019. […] In most countries, conducting population-based surveys or implementing surveillance systems to monitor oral health status are not considered a public health priority. […] The current study had a two-fold objective: i) estimating the prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition of Egyptians, and ii) investigating potential oral health determinants that contribute to the increased risk of caries experience.

• #14

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  This report presents the results of the sixth National Dental Epidemiology Programme survey of 5 year old children in England, 2022. The survey was delayed from 2020 to 2021 by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This data is the source for the dental indicator (percentage of 5 year olds with visually obvious dentinal decay) included in the Public Health Outcomes Framework. […] For the first time in this series of 5 year old surveys, the prevalence of children with enamel decay is presented. This is an important threshold to highlight the proportion of children who are found to have early stage decay who would ordinarily be counted as being free of obvious decay. […] In this survey of 5 year olds in England, the national prevalence of children with enamel and/or dentinal decay was 29.3%. Overall, 23.7% of 5 year old children in England in this survey had experience of dentinal decay.

• #14 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  This report provides an overview of dental caries in 2021, with an emphasis on how current research on epidemiology, etiology, and early detection fits with evidence-into-action initiatives across multiple stakeholder domains. […] It is important to understand the scale of untreated caries as a continuing global problem for adults and children, as recognized in the 2021 World Health Organization resolution on oral health. […] The prevalence of initial stage-caries across populations is high and often not quantified. […] The significant variations associated with different surveys in different countries using different caries detection thresholds compromises our ability to make international or regional comparisons. […] Therefore, it is important to understand the scale of untreated caries as a continuing global problem, with health, economic, and social burdens for both adults and children.

• #15

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  Taking into account children with any visually obvious decay (enamel or dentinal), a third of children were found to have experience of decay (29.3%) in England and this varied by region. […] In England, 23.7% of 5 year old children surveyed had experience of dentinal decay. […] The prevalence of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year olds varied by ethnic group and was significantly higher in the other ethnic group (44.8%) and the Asian or Asian British ethnic group (37.7%) than for other groups. […] The majority of experience of dentinal decay in this age group was obvious, untreated dentinal decay. […] The proportion of teeth with experience of dentinal decay that were filled was 7.4% across England. […] The proportion of teeth with experience of dentinal decay that had been extracted in 5 year olds across England was 6.4%.

• #15 Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence in Pediatric Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jcp-19804

  The World Health Organization (WHO) determines dental caries in two different ways. […] In medical epidemiology, disease prevalence may be defined as the proportion of a population that has a disease at a specific point in time and lifetime prevalence as the proportion of the population that has had the disease at some time during their lives. […] Although many distinguished organizations believe otherwise there are no solid scientific reports covering caries prevalence especially in children and adolescents. […] Regarding dental epidemiology however, this principle has not been followed, and consequently certain incidences are based on the mean number of carious teeth. […] The comparison of caries prevalence with the prevalence of other diseases is difficult because caries epidemiology does not normally determine caries prevalence or incidence values but utilizes certain index values originally meant for treatment purposes.

• #16

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  There was wide variation in both prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay by geographical area. […] Children living in the most deprived areas of the country were almost 3 times as likely to have experience of dentinal decay (35.1%) as those living in the least deprived areas (13.5%). […] There had been a decrease in the prevalence of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year olds from 30.9% in 2008 to 23.3% in 2017. However there has been no continuation of this improvement in 2019 or in the results of this latest survey. […] The survey reported here provides information on the prevalence of enamel caries and the prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year old children attending mainstream, state-funded schools. […] The prevalence of enamel decay is being reported for the first time in the National Dental Epidemiology Programme.

• #16 Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence in Pediatric Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jcp-19804

  The World Health Organization (WHO) determines dental caries in two different ways. […] In medical epidemiology, disease prevalence may be defined as the proportion of a population that has a disease at a specific point in time and lifetime prevalence as the proportion of the population that has had the disease at some time during their lives. […] Although many distinguished organizations believe otherwise there are no solid scientific reports covering caries prevalence especially in children and adolescents. […] Regarding dental epidemiology however, this principle has not been followed, and consequently certain incidences are based on the mean number of carious teeth. […] The comparison of caries prevalence with the prevalence of other diseases is difficult because caries epidemiology does not normally determine caries prevalence or incidence values but utilizes certain index values originally meant for treatment purposes.

• #17 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “In most European countries, where community water fluoridation has never been adopted, a substantial decline in caries prevalence has been reported in the last decades, with reductions in lifetime caries experience exceeding 75%.” […] “Graphs of tooth decay trends for 12 year olds in 24 countries, prepared using the most recent World Health Organization data, show that the decline in dental decay in recent decades has been comparable in 16 nonfluoridated countries and 8 fluoridated countries which met the inclusion criteria of having (i) a mean annual per capita income in the year 2000 of US$10,000 or more, (ii) a population in the year 2000 of greater than 3 million, and (iii) suitable WHO caries data available. The WHO data do not support fluoridation as being a reason for the decline in dental decay in 12 year olds that has been occurring in recent decades.”

• #17 Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence in Pediatric Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jcp-19804

  The World Health Organization (WHO) determines dental caries in two different ways. […] In medical epidemiology, disease prevalence may be defined as the proportion of a population that has a disease at a specific point in time and lifetime prevalence as the proportion of the population that has had the disease at some time during their lives. […] Although many distinguished organizations believe otherwise there are no solid scientific reports covering caries prevalence especially in children and adolescents. […] Regarding dental epidemiology however, this principle has not been followed, and consequently certain incidences are based on the mean number of carious teeth. […] The comparison of caries prevalence with the prevalence of other diseases is difficult because caries epidemiology does not normally determine caries prevalence or incidence values but utilizes certain index values originally meant for treatment purposes.

• #18

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health

  Oral diseases disproportionately affect the poor and socially disadvantaged members of society. […] The burden of oral diseases and other noncommunicable diseases can be reduced through public health interventions by addressing common risk factors. […] Adequate exposure to fluoride is an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries.

• #18 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  This report provides an overview of dental caries in 2021, with an emphasis on how current research on epidemiology, etiology, and early detection fits with evidence-into-action initiatives across multiple stakeholder domains. […] It is important to understand the scale of untreated caries as a continuing global problem for adults and children, as recognized in the 2021 World Health Organization resolution on oral health. […] The prevalence of initial stage-caries across populations is high and often not quantified. […] The significant variations associated with different surveys in different countries using different caries detection thresholds compromises our ability to make international or regional comparisons. […] Therefore, it is important to understand the scale of untreated caries as a continuing global problem, with health, economic, and social burdens for both adults and children.

• #19

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  In 2021 to 2022 5 year olds in the most deprived 20% of areas of the country (35.1%) were 2.5 times as likely to have experience of dentinal decay as those in the least deprived 20% of areas (13.5%). […] The oral health of 5 year olds did not change significantly from 2019 to 2022 in terms of prevalence (23.4% and 23.7% respectively), severity of experience of dentinal decay in all children (0.8 and 0.8) and severity of experience of dentinal decay in those children with any decay experience (3.4 and 3.5 teeth). […] The strong link between dental decay and deprivation is well established. […] Data from this survey will be used to update the dental indicator (percentage of 5 year olds with visually obvious dentinal decay) in the Public Health Outcomes Framework.

• #19

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  This report presents the results of the sixth National Dental Epidemiology Programme survey of 5 year old children in England, 2022. The survey was delayed from 2020 to 2021 by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This data is the source for the dental indicator (percentage of 5 year olds with visually obvious dentinal decay) included in the Public Health Outcomes Framework. […] For the first time in this series of 5 year old surveys, the prevalence of children with enamel decay is presented. This is an important threshold to highlight the proportion of children who are found to have early stage decay who would ordinarily be counted as being free of obvious decay. […] In this survey of 5 year olds in England, the national prevalence of children with enamel and/or dentinal decay was 29.3%. Overall, 23.7% of 5 year old children in England in this survey had experience of dentinal decay.

• #20

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  There was wide variation in both prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay by geographical area. […] Children living in the most deprived areas of the country were almost 3 times as likely to have experience of dentinal decay (35.1%) as those living in the least deprived areas (13.5%). […] There had been a decrease in the prevalence of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year olds from 30.9% in 2008 to 23.3% in 2017. However there has been no continuation of this improvement in 2019 or in the results of this latest survey. […] The survey reported here provides information on the prevalence of enamel caries and the prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year old children attending mainstream, state-funded schools. […] The prevalence of enamel decay is being reported for the first time in the National Dental Epidemiology Programme.

• #20 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  The etiology of dental caries is complex, the understanding of which has evolved over the past 15 years. […] Our understanding of the caries process and its interaction with the oral biofilm/microbiome has changed over time. […] Consequently, in understanding and controlling dental caries, an increasing emphasis is being placed on balancing pathologic and protective factors. […] Early detection of caries is important across multiple domains and is now seen as a vital part of caries assessments in both public health settings and clinical practices. […] These findings from caries research have informed a range of evidence-into-action activities across 5 stakeholder domains. […] The 4 priorities identified by the first Dental Policy Lab are being advanced internationally.

• #21 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Nonetheless, countries that have experienced an overall decrease in cases of tooth decay continue to have a disparity in the distribution of the disease. […] Among children in the United States and Europe, twenty percent of the population endures sixty to eighty percent of cases of dental caries. […] A similarly skewed distribution of the disease is found throughout the world with some children having none or very few caries and others having a high number. […] The classic DMF (decay/missing/filled) index is one of the most common methods for assessing caries prevalence as well as dental treatment needs among populations. […] This index is based on in-field clinical examination of individuals by using a probe, mirror and cotton rolls. […] Because the DMF index is done without X-ray imaging, it underestimates real caries prevalence and treatment needs.

• #21 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  The etiology of dental caries is complex, the understanding of which has evolved over the past 15 years. […] Our understanding of the caries process and its interaction with the oral biofilm/microbiome has changed over time. […] Consequently, in understanding and controlling dental caries, an increasing emphasis is being placed on balancing pathologic and protective factors. […] Early detection of caries is important across multiple domains and is now seen as a vital part of caries assessments in both public health settings and clinical practices. […] These findings from caries research have informed a range of evidence-into-action activities across 5 stakeholder domains. […] The 4 priorities identified by the first Dental Policy Lab are being advanced internationally.

• #22 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Nonetheless, countries that have experienced an overall decrease in cases of tooth decay continue to have a disparity in the distribution of the disease. […] Among children in the United States and Europe, twenty percent of the population endures sixty to eighty percent of cases of dental caries. […] A similarly skewed distribution of the disease is found throughout the world with some children having none or very few caries and others having a high number. […] The classic DMF (decay/missing/filled) index is one of the most common methods for assessing caries prevalence as well as dental treatment needs among populations. […] This index is based on in-field clinical examination of individuals by using a probe, mirror and cotton rolls. […] Because the DMF index is done without X-ray imaging, it underestimates real caries prevalence and treatment needs.

• #22 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  The etiology of dental caries is complex, the understanding of which has evolved over the past 15 years. […] Our understanding of the caries process and its interaction with the oral biofilm/microbiome has changed over time. […] Consequently, in understanding and controlling dental caries, an increasing emphasis is being placed on balancing pathologic and protective factors. […] Early detection of caries is important across multiple domains and is now seen as a vital part of caries assessments in both public health settings and clinical practices. […] These findings from caries research have informed a range of evidence-into-action activities across 5 stakeholder domains. […] The 4 priorities identified by the first Dental Policy Lab are being advanced internationally.

• #23 Oral Health in MN- MN Public Health Data – MN Dept. of Health – MN Data

  https://data.web.health.state.mn.us/tooth-decay

  In 2015, students enrolled in public schools with high free and reduced price lunch eligibility (lower income households) were 1.6 times more likely to have caries experience compared to third graders in public schools with low free and reduced price lunch eligibility (higher income households). […] Half of Minnesota third graders currently have or have had tooth decay. […] In 2015, caries experience was 50 percent or roughly 5 out of every 10 third graders. […] Two out of 10 Minnesota third graders have untreated tooth decay. […] In 2015, 17 percent or nearly 2 out of every 10 third graders had untreated tooth decay. […] In 2015, 17 percent of third grade students had an early or urgent dental care need. […] In 2015, 41 percent or 4 out of every 10 third graders had treated tooth decay (restored or filled).

• #23 Caries Overview 2021: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Evidence-Into-Action Considerations

  https://pages.ada.org/jadaplus_arginine/caries-overview-2021-epidemiology-etiology-and-evidence-into-action-considerations

  The etiology of dental caries is complex, the understanding of which has evolved over the past 15 years. […] Our understanding of the caries process and its interaction with the oral biofilm/microbiome has changed over time. […] Consequently, in understanding and controlling dental caries, an increasing emphasis is being placed on balancing pathologic and protective factors. […] Early detection of caries is important across multiple domains and is now seen as a vital part of caries assessments in both public health settings and clinical practices. […] These findings from caries research have informed a range of evidence-into-action activities across 5 stakeholder domains. […] The 4 priorities identified by the first Dental Policy Lab are being advanced internationally.

• #24

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  Taking into account children with any visually obvious decay (enamel or dentinal), a third of children were found to have experience of decay (29.3%) in England and this varied by region. […] In England, 23.7% of 5 year old children surveyed had experience of dentinal decay. […] The prevalence of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year olds varied by ethnic group and was significantly higher in the other ethnic group (44.8%) and the Asian or Asian British ethnic group (37.7%) than for other groups. […] The majority of experience of dentinal decay in this age group was obvious, untreated dentinal decay. […] The proportion of teeth with experience of dentinal decay that were filled was 7.4% across England. […] The proportion of teeth with experience of dentinal decay that had been extracted in 5 year olds across England was 6.4%.

• #24

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries

  Dental caries (also known as tooth decay or dental cavities) is the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide. […] Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is the most widespread noncommunicable disease (NCD). […] Almost half of the worlds population is affected by dental caries, making it the most prevalent of all health conditions. […] The majority of dental caries occurs in adults because the disease is cumulative. […] There is a clear dose-response relationship between sugars consumption and dental caries. […] It has been estimated that, globally in 2010, US$ 298 billion was spent on direct costs associated with dental caries. […] Population-wide strategies to reduce free sugars consumption are the key public health approach that should be a high and urgent priority. […] Dental caries disproportionally affect poor and disadvantaged populations, which have lower access to prevention and care. […] WHO works with Member States and partners on policies and programs to reduce dental caries as part of work to prevent noncommunicable diseases.

• #25 Survey: Kentucky children’s dental decay rates surpass national average | Research

  https://www.research.uky.edu/news/survey-kentucky-childrens-dental-decay-rates-surpass-national-average

  The University of Kentucky College of Dentistry’s 2023 Kentucky Early Learners Oral Health Surveillance Project survey found dental decay rates for Kentucky children ages 2 through 5 are significantly higher than the national average. […] The project team concluded that dental decay rates for Kentucky children ages 2 through 5 are considerably higher than the national average and were comparable to the highest risk group in the U.S. which is children living at or below 100% poverty. […] Multiple, interconnected demographic, geographic and social factors influence tooth decay rates among the children screened. […] Additional findings show race, ethnicity and fewer economic resources compounded risk for dental decay. […] Higher decay rates were found in children attending rural Head Start facilities and Black children in poor ZIP codes in Jefferson County. […] Although dental decay is a preventable disease, it remains the most common chronic childhood disease, approximately four times more prevalent than childhood asthma.

• #25

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries

  Dental caries (also known as tooth decay or dental cavities) is the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide. […] Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is the most widespread noncommunicable disease (NCD). […] Almost half of the worlds population is affected by dental caries, making it the most prevalent of all health conditions. […] The majority of dental caries occurs in adults because the disease is cumulative. […] There is a clear dose-response relationship between sugars consumption and dental caries. […] It has been estimated that, globally in 2010, US$ 298 billion was spent on direct costs associated with dental caries. […] Population-wide strategies to reduce free sugars consumption are the key public health approach that should be a high and urgent priority. […] Dental caries disproportionally affect poor and disadvantaged populations, which have lower access to prevention and care. […] WHO works with Member States and partners on policies and programs to reduce dental caries as part of work to prevent noncommunicable diseases.

• #26 Survey finds dental decay in KY kids higher than national average

  https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/survey-finds-dental-decay-in-kentucky-kids-higher-than-national-average

  LEXINGTON, Ky. (LEX 18) Informal reports from Kentucky dentists pointed to growing dental decay numbers among Kentucky kids since the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The survey found that the dental decay rate for all kids across Kentucky ages two through five is 35%. That compares to a 23% national average. […] When over half of those very young children have experience decay, those are areas where we are actually planning focus groups with parents, said Dr. Stein. […] Dental decay is completely preventable, and its not hard to prevent it, and its not expensive to prevent it.

• #26

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health

  Oral diseases disproportionately affect the poor and socially disadvantaged members of society. […] The burden of oral diseases and other noncommunicable diseases can be reduced through public health interventions by addressing common risk factors. […] Adequate exposure to fluoride is an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries.

• #27 Survey: Kentucky children’s dental decay rates surpass national average | Research

  https://www.research.uky.edu/news/survey-kentucky-childrens-dental-decay-rates-surpass-national-average

  The University of Kentucky College of Dentistry’s 2023 Kentucky Early Learners Oral Health Surveillance Project survey found dental decay rates for Kentucky children ages 2 through 5 are significantly higher than the national average. […] The project team concluded that dental decay rates for Kentucky children ages 2 through 5 are considerably higher than the national average and were comparable to the highest risk group in the U.S. which is children living at or below 100% poverty. […] Multiple, interconnected demographic, geographic and social factors influence tooth decay rates among the children screened. […] Additional findings show race, ethnicity and fewer economic resources compounded risk for dental decay. […] Higher decay rates were found in children attending rural Head Start facilities and Black children in poor ZIP codes in Jefferson County. […] Although dental decay is a preventable disease, it remains the most common chronic childhood disease, approximately four times more prevalent than childhood asthma.

• #27

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health

  Oral diseases disproportionately affect the poor and socially disadvantaged members of society. […] The burden of oral diseases and other noncommunicable diseases can be reduced through public health interventions by addressing common risk factors. […] Adequate exposure to fluoride is an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries.

• #28 The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among secondary school children in rural highland Vietnam | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01704-y

  To determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth and identify factors associated with dental caries among secondary school children in rural highland Vietnam. […] Prevalence of caries in primary and permanent teeth was 41.1 and 68.9%, respectively. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries affects 60-90% of schoolchildren globally, mainly in developing countries. […] The prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was high among secondary school children in Vietnam’s rural highlands. […] Dental caries in primary teeth was associated with belonging to the age group 11-12 years old, belonging to the Jarai ethnic minority group, and having insufficient knowledge and practices related to dental caries. […] Meanwhile, dental caries in permanent teeth was associated with having insufficient knowledge, attitude, and practices related to dental caries. […] This study provides evidence related to dental caries so that policymakers can develop appropriate intervention plans for rural highland areas in Vietnam.

• #28

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-4-dental-caries

  Pit and fissure sealants have been used in the prevention and control of dental caries on permanent teeth for decades. […] The use of sugar-free chewing gum has been suggested as a dental caries-inhibiting activity. […] Topical re-mineralising agents have been available, either on prescription from dentists or over-the-counter, for several years now. […] It is increasingly recognised that certain medicines may reduce salivary flow, which therefore raises patient risk of developing dental caries. […] In older adults, polypharmacy leading to xerostomia is a significant risk factor for dental caries. […] Given that dental caries can be identified and is reversible at an early stage, lesions should be identified at an early stage and managed.

• #29 Dental Caries Overview | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries

  Dental caries (tooth decay) remains the most prevalent chronic disease in both children and adults, even though it is largely preventable. […] Although caries has significantly decreased for most Americans over the past five decades, disparities remain among some population groups. […] The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has been an important source of information on oral health and dental care in the United States since the early 1970s.

• #30 Dental Caries in Adults (Age 20 to 64) | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries/adults

  Dental caries, both treated and untreated, in the permanent teeth of all adults ages 20 to 64 years declined from the early 1970s until the most recent (20112016) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The decrease was significant in all population subgroups. In spite of this decline, significant disparities are still found in some population groups. […] Nearly 90% of adults ages 20 to 64 years have had decay in their teeth, a percentage that has not changed significantly between the 19992004 and 20112016 NHANES cycles. […] 1 in 4 adults ages 20 to 64 years have had untreated decay in both NHANES cycles. […] Black and Mexican American subgroups and those with lower incomes and less education had more untreated decay compared to their counterparts. […] There was a significant decrease in the severity of tooth decay (DMFT) for nearly all adults of all ages between the two NHANES cycles.

• #31 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “Caries prevalence data from recent studies in all European countries showed a general trend towards a further decline for children and adolescents…The available data on the use of toothbrushes, fluorides and other pertinent items provided few clues as to the causes of the decline in caries prevalence.” […] “The regular use of fluoridated toothpastes has been ascribed a major role in the observed decline in caries prevalence in industrialized countries during the last 20 to 25 years, but only indirect evidence supports this claim.” […] “The marked caries reduction in many countries over the last two decades is thought to be mainly the result of the widespread and frequent use of fluoride-containing toothpaste… There seem to be no other factors which can explain the decline in dental caries, which has occurred worldwide during the same period, in geographic regions as far apart as the Scandinavian countries and Australia/New Zealand.”

• #32 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “It is remarkable… that the dramatic decline in dental caries which we have witnessed in many different parts of the world has occurred without the dental profession being fully able to explain the relative role of fluoride in this intriguing process.” […] “A very marked decline in caries prevalence [in Europe] was seen in children and adolescents…The number of edentulous adults in Europe has also been declining considerably.” […] “The caries attack rate in industrialized countries, including the United States and Canada, has decreased dramatically over the past 40 years.” […] “Since the 1960s and 70s, however, a continuous reduction (in tooth decay) has taken place in most ‘westernized’ countries, it is no longer unusual to be caries-free… During the decades of caries decline, a number of actions have been taken to control the disease, and the literature describes numerous studies where one or several factors have been evaluated for their impact.”

• #33

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022/national-dental-epidemiology-programme-ndep-for-england-oral-health-survey-of-5-year-old-children-2022

  There was wide variation in both prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay by geographical area. […] Children living in the most deprived areas of the country were almost 3 times as likely to have experience of dentinal decay (35.1%) as those living in the least deprived areas (13.5%). […] There had been a decrease in the prevalence of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year olds from 30.9% in 2008 to 23.3% in 2017. However there has been no continuation of this improvement in 2019 or in the results of this latest survey. […] The survey reported here provides information on the prevalence of enamel caries and the prevalence and severity of experience of dentinal decay in 5 year old children attending mainstream, state-funded schools. […] The prevalence of enamel decay is being reported for the first time in the National Dental Epidemiology Programme.

• #34 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “Caries prevalence data from recent studies in all European countries showed a general trend towards a further decline for children and adolescents…The available data on the use of toothbrushes, fluorides and other pertinent items provided few clues as to the causes of the decline in caries prevalence.” […] “The regular use of fluoridated toothpastes has been ascribed a major role in the observed decline in caries prevalence in industrialized countries during the last 20 to 25 years, but only indirect evidence supports this claim.” […] “The marked caries reduction in many countries over the last two decades is thought to be mainly the result of the widespread and frequent use of fluoride-containing toothpaste… There seem to be no other factors which can explain the decline in dental caries, which has occurred worldwide during the same period, in geographic regions as far apart as the Scandinavian countries and Australia/New Zealand.”

• #35 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “Caries prevalence data from recent studies in all European countries showed a general trend towards a further decline for children and adolescents…The available data on the use of toothbrushes, fluorides and other pertinent items provided few clues as to the causes of the decline in caries prevalence.” […] “The regular use of fluoridated toothpastes has been ascribed a major role in the observed decline in caries prevalence in industrialized countries during the last 20 to 25 years, but only indirect evidence supports this claim.” […] “The marked caries reduction in many countries over the last two decades is thought to be mainly the result of the widespread and frequent use of fluoride-containing toothpaste… There seem to be no other factors which can explain the decline in dental caries, which has occurred worldwide during the same period, in geographic regions as far apart as the Scandinavian countries and Australia/New Zealand.”

• #36 Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries – Fluoride Action Network

  https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

  “Although difficult to prove, it is reasonable to assume that a good part of the decline in dental caries over recent years in most industrialized countries, notably those Northern European countries without water fluoridation, can be explained by the widespread use of fluoride toothpastes.” […] “During the past 40 years dental caries has been declining in the US, as well as in most other developed nations of the world… The decline in dental caries has occurred both in fluoride and in fluoride-deficient communities, lending further credence to the notion that modes other than water fluoridation, especially dentrifices, have made a major contribution.” […] “In most European countries, the 12-year-old DMFT index is now relatively low as compared with figures from 1970-1974.” […] “The most striking feature of some industrialized countries is a dramatic reduction of the prevalence of dental caries among school-aged children.”

• #37 2023 MIPS Measure #378: Children Who Have Dental Decay or Cavities | MDinteractive

  https://mdinteractive.com/mips_quality_measure/2023-mips-quality-measure-378

  Percentage of children, 6 months – 20 years of age at the start of the measurement period, who have had tooth decay or cavities during the measurement period as determined by a dentist. […] Dental caries is the most chronic disease among youth aged 6-19 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015-2016 showed that approximately 45.8% of children and youth aged 2-19 years had total caries (untreated and treated). Prevalence of total dental caries (untreated and treated) in primary or permanent teeth increases with age, going from 21.4%, 50.5%, and 53.8% among ages 2-5, 6-11, and 12-19, respectively. Total dental caries was highest in Hispanic youths aged 2-19 at 57.1% compared to 48.1% for non-Hispanic black, 44.6% for non-Asian, and 40.4% for non-Hispanic white youth. Monitoring prevalence of untreated and total caries is vital to preventing and controlling oral disease (Fleming Afful, 2018).

• #38 Dental Caries Overview | Data & Statistics | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries

  Dental caries (tooth decay) remains the most prevalent chronic disease in both children and adults, even though it is largely preventable. […] Although caries has significantly decreased for most Americans over the past five decades, disparities remain among some population groups. […] The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has been an important source of information on oral health and dental care in the United States since the early 1970s.

• #39 CDC Releases Dental Caries Surveillance Report | Pennsylvania Office of Rural Health

  https://www.porh.psu.edu/cdc-releases-dental-caries-surveillance-report/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a new report, the 2024 Oral Health Surveillance Report: Dental Caries, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 2018-March 2020. […] This report used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to provide national estimates for the prevalence and severity of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth for individuals 2 years or older and for tooth retention in adults age 20 years or older. […] Among the findings, the report found that half of children ages 6 to 9 have had cavities in their primary or permanent teeth. […] More than 1 in 7 adults ages 65 and older have lost all of their teeth.

• #40 CDC Releases Dental Caries Surveillance Report | Pennsylvania Office of Rural Health

  https://www.porh.psu.edu/cdc-releases-dental-caries-surveillance-report/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a new report, the 2024 Oral Health Surveillance Report: Dental Caries, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 2018-March 2020. […] This report used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to provide national estimates for the prevalence and severity of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth for individuals 2 years or older and for tooth retention in adults age 20 years or older. […] Among the findings, the report found that half of children ages 6 to 9 have had cavities in their primary or permanent teeth. […] More than 1 in 7 adults ages 65 and older have lost all of their teeth.

• #41 Oral Health Data | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/community-health/dental-health/reports/index.html

  The Public Health Dental Program collects and analyzes statewide and county data on the oral health status and access to dental services of Florida’s residents. […] During 2017-2018, 24% of Head Start children ages 3-6 years had untreated decay. […] About 29.3% of third grade children had untreated decay and 36.9% had dental sealants during 2021-2022. […] The Public Health Dental Program has conducted several basic screening surveys among various populations to monitor oral health status, risk factors, and access to dental services. […] Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System has data on the percentage of dental visits and teeth removed among adults. […] National Oral Health Data Portal includes consolidated datasets on oral health status, attitudes, cost, utilization, and access to care.

• #42 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Nonetheless, countries that have experienced an overall decrease in cases of tooth decay continue to have a disparity in the distribution of the disease. […] Among children in the United States and Europe, twenty percent of the population endures sixty to eighty percent of cases of dental caries. […] A similarly skewed distribution of the disease is found throughout the world with some children having none or very few caries and others having a high number. […] The classic DMF (decay/missing/filled) index is one of the most common methods for assessing caries prevalence as well as dental treatment needs among populations. […] This index is based on in-field clinical examination of individuals by using a probe, mirror and cotton rolls. […] Because the DMF index is done without X-ray imaging, it underestimates real caries prevalence and treatment needs.

• #43 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Nonetheless, countries that have experienced an overall decrease in cases of tooth decay continue to have a disparity in the distribution of the disease. […] Among children in the United States and Europe, twenty percent of the population endures sixty to eighty percent of cases of dental caries. […] A similarly skewed distribution of the disease is found throughout the world with some children having none or very few caries and others having a high number. […] The classic DMF (decay/missing/filled) index is one of the most common methods for assessing caries prevalence as well as dental treatment needs among populations. […] This index is based on in-field clinical examination of individuals by using a probe, mirror and cotton rolls. […] Because the DMF index is done without X-ray imaging, it underestimates real caries prevalence and treatment needs.

• #44 Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence in Pediatric Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jcp-19804

  The World Health Organization (WHO) determines dental caries in two different ways. […] In medical epidemiology, disease prevalence may be defined as the proportion of a population that has a disease at a specific point in time and lifetime prevalence as the proportion of the population that has had the disease at some time during their lives. […] Although many distinguished organizations believe otherwise there are no solid scientific reports covering caries prevalence especially in children and adolescents. […] Regarding dental epidemiology however, this principle has not been followed, and consequently certain incidences are based on the mean number of carious teeth. […] The comparison of caries prevalence with the prevalence of other diseases is difficult because caries epidemiology does not normally determine caries prevalence or incidence values but utilizes certain index values originally meant for treatment purposes.

• #45 Dental Caries Prevalence and Incidence in Pediatric Dentistry

  https://brieflands.com/articles/jcp-19804

  Incidence times of any disease including dental caries are the times at which new diseases occur among members of a population. […] The rate of caries progression leading to different caries incidence values when the process reaches dentin has also been analyzed. […] Because caries in primary teeth will predict caries in permanent teeth, and because caries treatment by drilling of primary teeth is associated with numerous problems owing to the fear of the child, the situation results in a vicious cycle in the sense that open (untreated) carious lesions in the oral cavity result in an increase in caries activity. […] As early as 1971, Dr. David E. Barmes, back then at WHO, introduced the Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods, a widely used piece of work whose 4th edition was published in 1997.

• #46 Epidemiology and Etiology of Caries and Periodontal Disease in a US Population | A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss? | Continuing Education Course on dentalcare.com

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce691/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-caries-and-periodontal-disease-in-a-us

  Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease in both children and adults, despite declining rates of both treated and untreated caries since the 1970s. Approximately 13% of US children ages 2-19 years had untreated caries in 2015-2016, and the total incidence of caries (treated and untreated) amongst this group was 48.5%. […] Untreated decay is also highly prevalent among US adults; nearly 32% of US adults ages 20-44 years have untreated caries and 92% of dentate adults have decay in a permanent tooth. […] The average adult has 3.28 decayed, missing, or filled teeth and tooth loss and decay are more prevalent in some groups of individuals, including: children and older adults, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, Hispanic ethnicity, and non-Hispanic blacks. […] Patients quality of life is negatively affected by poor oral health and high caries and edentulism rates with the impact being significant in both children and adults.

• #47 Epidemiology and Etiology of Caries and Periodontal Disease in a US Population | A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss? | Continuing Education Course on dentalcare.com

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce691/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-caries-and-periodontal-disease-in-a-us

  It has been reported that dental caries result in 5 million restricted activity days, more than 1.6 million days in bed, and more than 1.7 million missed school days in children under 18 years old. […] Additionally, children with poor oral health demonstrated higher levels of dental pain and lower scholastic performance than children with higher levels of oral wellness. […] It is also well-established that disability due to dental caries is not limited to children. […] In fact, a recent survey reported that US adults miss more than 243 million hours of work productivity annually due to oral health problems and that such lost productivity results in a loss of $45 Billion each year. […] The impact of this lost time and its impact on decreased worker productivity, impacted scholastic achievement, and emotional well-being highlights the critical importance of professional dental care and adequately delivered oral hygiene and home care for the management and prevention of dental caries.

• #48 Epidemiology and Etiology of Caries and Periodontal Disease in a US Population | A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss? | Continuing Education Course on dentalcare.com

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce691/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-caries-and-periodontal-disease-in-a-us

  It has been reported that dental caries result in 5 million restricted activity days, more than 1.6 million days in bed, and more than 1.7 million missed school days in children under 18 years old. […] Additionally, children with poor oral health demonstrated higher levels of dental pain and lower scholastic performance than children with higher levels of oral wellness. […] It is also well-established that disability due to dental caries is not limited to children. […] In fact, a recent survey reported that US adults miss more than 243 million hours of work productivity annually due to oral health problems and that such lost productivity results in a loss of $45 Billion each year. […] The impact of this lost time and its impact on decreased worker productivity, impacted scholastic achievement, and emotional well-being highlights the critical importance of professional dental care and adequately delivered oral hygiene and home care for the management and prevention of dental caries.

• #49 Epidemiology and Etiology of Caries and Periodontal Disease in a US Population | A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss? | Continuing Education Course on dentalcare.com

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce691/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-caries-and-periodontal-disease-in-a-us

  It has been reported that dental caries result in 5 million restricted activity days, more than 1.6 million days in bed, and more than 1.7 million missed school days in children under 18 years old. […] Additionally, children with poor oral health demonstrated higher levels of dental pain and lower scholastic performance than children with higher levels of oral wellness. […] It is also well-established that disability due to dental caries is not limited to children. […] In fact, a recent survey reported that US adults miss more than 243 million hours of work productivity annually due to oral health problems and that such lost productivity results in a loss of $45 Billion each year. […] The impact of this lost time and its impact on decreased worker productivity, impacted scholastic achievement, and emotional well-being highlights the critical importance of professional dental care and adequately delivered oral hygiene and home care for the management and prevention of dental caries.

• #50 Priority Area: Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies, Healthy Children – Dental Caries Disease among New York State’s Children

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/prevention_agenda/healthy_mothers/dental_health.htm

  According to the Surgeon General, children with oral disease miss over 51 million hours of school each year. […] The longer the delay in the treatment of dental disease, the more extensive and costly it becomes. Many children and adults who are Medicaid-eligible are unable to access needed care and treatment. Young children, especially between the ages of 3 and 5 years, might be affected by severe early childhood caries that require hospitalization for treatment. […] The cost of this treatment is approximately $4,500 per child. The cost of two fluoride varnish applications, a preventive strategy to control early childhood caries, is approximately $60 per year per child under the New York State Medicaid Program. […] The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends community water fluoridation based on strong evidence of effectiveness in reducing tooth decay. […] The studies continue to show that widespread community water fluoridation prevents cavities and saves money, both for families and the health care system.

• #51 Tooth decay – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

  Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people have dental caries in their permanent teeth. […] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. […] The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. […] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. […] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. […] Between 29% and 59% of adults over the age of 50 experience caries. […] Treating dental cavities costs 5-10% of health-care budgets in industrialized countries, and can easily exceed budgets in lower-income countries. […] The number of cases has decreased in some developed countries, and this decline is usually attributed to increasingly better oral hygiene practices and preventive measures such as fluoride treatment.

• #52 Priority Area: Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies, Healthy Children – Dental Caries Disease among New York State’s Children

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/prevention_agenda/healthy_mothers/dental_health.htm

  According to the Surgeon General, children with oral disease miss over 51 million hours of school each year. […] The longer the delay in the treatment of dental disease, the more extensive and costly it becomes. Many children and adults who are Medicaid-eligible are unable to access needed care and treatment. Young children, especially between the ages of 3 and 5 years, might be affected by severe early childhood caries that require hospitalization for treatment. […] The cost of this treatment is approximately $4,500 per child. The cost of two fluoride varnish applications, a preventive strategy to control early childhood caries, is approximately $60 per year per child under the New York State Medicaid Program. […] The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends community water fluoridation based on strong evidence of effectiveness in reducing tooth decay. […] The studies continue to show that widespread community water fluoridation prevents cavities and saves money, both for families and the health care system.

• #53 Priority Area: Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies, Healthy Children – Dental Caries Disease among New York State’s Children

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/prevention_agenda/healthy_mothers/dental_health.htm

  According to the Surgeon General, children with oral disease miss over 51 million hours of school each year. […] The longer the delay in the treatment of dental disease, the more extensive and costly it becomes. Many children and adults who are Medicaid-eligible are unable to access needed care and treatment. Young children, especially between the ages of 3 and 5 years, might be affected by severe early childhood caries that require hospitalization for treatment. […] The cost of this treatment is approximately $4,500 per child. The cost of two fluoride varnish applications, a preventive strategy to control early childhood caries, is approximately $60 per year per child under the New York State Medicaid Program. […] The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends community water fluoridation based on strong evidence of effectiveness in reducing tooth decay. […] The studies continue to show that widespread community water fluoridation prevents cavities and saves money, both for families and the health care system.

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