Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a common problem that accounts for approximately 80% of non-traumatic SAHs, 6-8% of all strokes, and 22-25% of cerebrovascular deaths. […] Recent data on the epidemiology of SAH confirm that only studies with a high rate of CT scanning can reliably estimate the true incidence of SAH. […] The actual population-based incidence of aneurysmal SAH, unlike that of other types of stroke, has remained stable over the last three decades and approximates 10 per 100 000 per year. […] The incidence of SAH is higher in Japan, and the incidence in Finland is almost three times as high as in other parts of the world. […] Many risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal SAH. […] The incidence of aneurysmal SAH increases with age reaching a peak in the sixth decade of life.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/fulltext/2013/08000/the_epidemiology_of_admissions_of_nontraumatic.13.aspx

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the cause of 5% to 10% of strokes annually in the United States. […] To study the incidence and mortality trends of admissions of SAH from 1979 to 2008 using a nationally representative sample of all nonfederal acute-care hospitals in the United States: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. […] We reviewed data on approximately 1 billion hospitalizations in the United States over a 30-year study period and identified 612500 cases of SAH, which was more common in women (relative risk 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.7-1.72) and nonwhite persons than white persons (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.5). The estimated incidence rate of admission after SAH was 7.2 to 9.0 per 100000/year and did not significantly change over the study period. Overall, in-hospital mortality after SAH fell from 30% during the period from 1979 to 1983 to 20% during the subperiod from 2004 to 2008 (P = .03) and was lower in larger treating hospitals. […] The incidence rate of admission after SAH has remained stable over the past 30 years. Total deaths and in-hospital mortality after SAH have decreased significantly. In-hospital mortality after SAH is lower in larger treating hospitals.

• #3 Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis

  Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis […] The epidemiology and risk factors of aneurysmal SAH are reviewed here. […] Twenty percent of strokes are hemorrhagic, with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage, each accounting for 10 percent. Most spontaneous SAHs are caused by ruptured saccular aneurysms.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a common problem that accounts for approximately 80% of non-traumatic SAHs, 6-8% of all strokes, and 22-25% of cerebrovascular deaths. […] Recent data on the epidemiology of SAH confirm that only studies with a high rate of CT scanning can reliably estimate the true incidence of SAH. […] The actual population-based incidence of aneurysmal SAH, unlike that of other types of stroke, has remained stable over the last three decades and approximates 10 per 100 000 per year. […] The incidence of SAH is higher in Japan, and the incidence in Finland is almost three times as high as in other parts of the world. […] Many risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal SAH. […] The incidence of aneurysmal SAH increases with age reaching a peak in the sixth decade of life.

• #5 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), a neurovascular emergency with an incidence in the UK, is approximately 8 per 100,000 population, peaking at 50-60 years and is 1.6 times more common in women than men. The spontaneous rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (80-85%) is the most common cause of SAH. Aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) results in substantial morbidity, mortality and burden on the healthcare system; its downstream effects trigger a cascade of events resulting in organ dysfunction. […] Health care disparities, particularly in the resource allocation for SAH treatment, affect outcomes significantly, with telemedicine and novel technologies proposed to address this health inequalities. This article underscores the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary care and the urgent need for large-scale studies to validate standardised treatment protocols for improved SAH outcomes.

• #6 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021. […] Data on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. […] In 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. […] The burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. […] The occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event that accounts for 5% of all strokes, with a mortality rate of 25% and disability rate of 66%.

• #7 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #8 Epidemiology and treatment of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage over 10 years in a population-based registry

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10916829/

  Incidence of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is decreasing over time and its treatment is changing. […] We reported epidemiologic data on aneurysmal (a-) and non-aneurysmal (na-) SAH over 10 years. […] The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of SAH, aSAH, and naSAH were 6.5 (95% CI 5.67.5), 5.0 (95% CI 4.25.9), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.12.0), respectively, and remained stable over time. […] We found a low and stable incidence of SAH over the 20112020 period. […] According to a meta-analysis, the overall incidence of SAH is 7.9 per 100,000 person-years and is higher in Asian compared with Western populations. […] A trend toward a decreasing incidence of SAH was found in recent years, possibly related to public health interventions and lifestyle modifications with an increasing control of vascular risk factors, including arterial hypertension and smoking.

• #9 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #10 Epidemiology and treatment of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage over 10 years in a population-based registry

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10916829/

  Incidence of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is decreasing over time and its treatment is changing. […] We reported epidemiologic data on aneurysmal (a-) and non-aneurysmal (na-) SAH over 10 years. […] The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of SAH, aSAH, and naSAH were 6.5 (95% CI 5.67.5), 5.0 (95% CI 4.25.9), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.12.0), respectively, and remained stable over time. […] We found a low and stable incidence of SAH over the 20112020 period. […] According to a meta-analysis, the overall incidence of SAH is 7.9 per 100,000 person-years and is higher in Asian compared with Western populations. […] A trend toward a decreasing incidence of SAH was found in recent years, possibly related to public health interventions and lifestyle modifications with an increasing control of vascular risk factors, including arterial hypertension and smoking.

• #11 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #12

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a common problem that accounts for approximately 80% of non-traumatic SAHs, 6-8% of all strokes, and 22-25% of cerebrovascular deaths. […] Recent data on the epidemiology of SAH confirm that only studies with a high rate of CT scanning can reliably estimate the true incidence of SAH. […] The actual population-based incidence of aneurysmal SAH, unlike that of other types of stroke, has remained stable over the last three decades and approximates 10 per 100 000 per year. […] The incidence of SAH is higher in Japan, and the incidence in Finland is almost three times as high as in other parts of the world. […] Many risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal SAH. […] The incidence of aneurysmal SAH increases with age reaching a peak in the sixth decade of life.

• #13 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/

  Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually caused by aneurysm rupture is a potentially devastating condition, feared both by patients and physicians. The epidemiology of SAH shows some particularities which professionals involved with health policies and the care of people with this disorder should be aware of. Age, gender, income, race and ethnicity have a significant impact on SAH presentation. […] There is a wide variation in the annual incidence of SAH in different regions of the world, from 2 cases per 100 000 population in China to 22.5 cases per 100 000 in Finland as shown by the WHO MONICA Stroke Study. In South and Central America the SAH incidence is reported to be 4.2 per 100 000 person-years with studies from Chile and Barbados indicating incidences of 6.2 per 100 000 per year (3.09.3) and 3.0 per 100 000 per year (1.05.0), respectively.

• #14 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500045-overview

  The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in the United States is 6-16 cases per 100,000 population, with approximately 30,000 episodes occurring each year. […] The reported incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is high in the United States, Finland, and Japan, while it is low in New Zealand and the Middle East. […] The incidence of SAH in women is higher than in men (ratio of 3 to 2). […] Incidence increases with age and peaks at age 50 years. Approximately 80% of cases of SAH occur in people aged 40-65 years, with 15% occurring in people aged 20-40 years. Only 5% of cases of SAH occur in people younger than 20 years. SAH is rare in children younger than 10 years, accounting for only 0.5% of all cases.

• #15 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/

  Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually caused by aneurysm rupture is a potentially devastating condition, feared both by patients and physicians. The epidemiology of SAH shows some particularities which professionals involved with health policies and the care of people with this disorder should be aware of. Age, gender, income, race and ethnicity have a significant impact on SAH presentation. […] There is a wide variation in the annual incidence of SAH in different regions of the world, from 2 cases per 100 000 population in China to 22.5 cases per 100 000 in Finland as shown by the WHO MONICA Stroke Study. In South and Central America the SAH incidence is reported to be 4.2 per 100 000 person-years with studies from Chile and Barbados indicating incidences of 6.2 per 100 000 per year (3.09.3) and 3.0 per 100 000 per year (1.05.0), respectively.

• #16 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500045-overview

  The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in the United States is 6-16 cases per 100,000 population, with approximately 30,000 episodes occurring each year. […] The reported incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is high in the United States, Finland, and Japan, while it is low in New Zealand and the Middle East. […] The incidence of SAH in women is higher than in men (ratio of 3 to 2). […] Incidence increases with age and peaks at age 50 years. Approximately 80% of cases of SAH occur in people aged 40-65 years, with 15% occurring in people aged 20-40 years. Only 5% of cases of SAH occur in people younger than 20 years. SAH is rare in children younger than 10 years, accounting for only 0.5% of all cases.

• #17 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500045-overview

  The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in the United States is 6-16 cases per 100,000 population, with approximately 30,000 episodes occurring each year. […] The reported incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is high in the United States, Finland, and Japan, while it is low in New Zealand and the Middle East. […] The incidence of SAH in women is higher than in men (ratio of 3 to 2). […] Incidence increases with age and peaks at age 50 years. Approximately 80% of cases of SAH occur in people aged 40-65 years, with 15% occurring in people aged 20-40 years. Only 5% of cases of SAH occur in people younger than 20 years. SAH is rare in children younger than 10 years, accounting for only 0.5% of all cases.

• #18 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #19 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12028-023-01929-5

  The differences in outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) between the sexes have not been concretely determined. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors between male and female patients with aSAH. […] We investigated the epidemiological differences between the two sexes. […] A total of 5,407 consecutive patients with aSAH were included in this study, and the female-to-male ratio was 1.8:1. […] The peak incidence of aSAH occurred in the 6th and 7th decades in males and females, respectively. […] The incidence of multiple aneurysms was greater in female patients (21.5% vs. 14.2%, P0.001). […] There were more female patients with aneurysms than male patients in this study. […] Most aneurysm locations were different between the two groups. […] The risk factors for dependent survival were different between female and male patients.

• #21 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/fulltext/2013/08000/the_epidemiology_of_admissions_of_nontraumatic.13.aspx

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the cause of 5% to 10% of strokes annually in the United States. […] To study the incidence and mortality trends of admissions of SAH from 1979 to 2008 using a nationally representative sample of all nonfederal acute-care hospitals in the United States: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. […] We reviewed data on approximately 1 billion hospitalizations in the United States over a 30-year study period and identified 612500 cases of SAH, which was more common in women (relative risk 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.7-1.72) and nonwhite persons than white persons (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.5). The estimated incidence rate of admission after SAH was 7.2 to 9.0 per 100000/year and did not significantly change over the study period. Overall, in-hospital mortality after SAH fell from 30% during the period from 1979 to 1983 to 20% during the subperiod from 2004 to 2008 (P = .03) and was lower in larger treating hospitals. […] The incidence rate of admission after SAH has remained stable over the past 30 years. Total deaths and in-hospital mortality after SAH have decreased significantly. In-hospital mortality after SAH is lower in larger treating hospitals.

• #23

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  In adults, woman are affected more than men by a ratio of 3 : 2. […] Aneurysmal SAH is rare in children and boys are affected more than girls by a ratio of 3 : 1. […] African-Americans are at a higher risk than white Americans. […] It is estimated that in 20-25% cerebral angiograms performed to identify source of bleeding after SAH will be negative. […] A cooperative study examining patients who had no identifiable aetiology for their SAH found that the long-term prognosis is significantly better than for patients with an aneurysmal SAH. […] A separate and distinct condition considered to be benign and associated with a very low rebleeding risk and good outcome is perimesencephalic SAH.

• #24 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

• #25 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  In adults, woman are affected more than men by a ratio of 3 : 2. […] Aneurysmal SAH is rare in children and boys are affected more than girls by a ratio of 3 : 1. […] African-Americans are at a higher risk than white Americans. […] It is estimated that in 20-25% cerebral angiograms performed to identify source of bleeding after SAH will be negative. […] A cooperative study examining patients who had no identifiable aetiology for their SAH found that the long-term prognosis is significantly better than for patients with an aneurysmal SAH. […] A separate and distinct condition considered to be benign and associated with a very low rebleeding risk and good outcome is perimesencephalic SAH.

• #27 Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/subarachnoid-haemorrhage-pro

  SAH represents only 6% of cases of stroke but it is relatively far more important, as it tends to affect younger people, of whom about half die in that episode. […] The mean age is 50 years: most patients are under 60 years. […] Women have a higher risk than men: relative risk 1.6. […] Patients of Afro-Caribbean descent have a higher risk than white Europeans: relative risk 2.1:1 […] Incidence is significantly higher in Finland and Japan. […] Spontaneous SAH is usually due to aneurysmal rupture but traumatic brain injury is a more common cause of blood in the subarachnoid space. Subarachnoid blood can be detected on CT scanning in as many as 60% of people with traumatic brain injury.

• #28 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Pathophysiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-81333-8_1

  Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage in the majority of patients is due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. There is a decreasing trend in the incidence of aSAH (aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage). The current global incidence is 6.1/100,000 population. There are various modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyscholesterolemia, recreational drug abuse, and low body mass index. The non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH are gender, familial, and connective tissue disorders. […] This chapter describes epidemiology, aetiology, and pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

• #29 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

• #30 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #31 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #32

  https://scispace.com/papers/problematique-des-hemorragies-meningees-dans-les-pays-en-17yvma0f6h

  Lequipement des CHU et the formation of neurochirurgiens seraient indispensables pour ameliorer la prise en charge de cette pathologie, ainsi que les resultats de the prises en charge des hemorragies sous-arachnoidiennes spontanees (HSA) au Togo are analyzed. […] Mortality following SAH remains high in Kenya and patients who survive the initial ictus tend to do well after treatment, despite resource constraints, pointing to high numbers of unfavourable outcomes post SAH in Kenya. […] The authors aimed to describe the landscape of cerebral aneurysms in Africa based on published literature to help understand the epidemiology, management, and prognosis of cerebralAneurysm care in Africa. […] This systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,553 aSAH patients reveals significant global disparities in demographics, treatment methods, and outcomes, with high-income countries exhibiting higher rates of endovascular coil embolization and lower rates of surgical clipping. […] Smoking, hypertension, and excessive alcohol remain the most important risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #33 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #34 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Pathophysiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-81333-8_1

  Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage in the majority of patients is due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. There is a decreasing trend in the incidence of aSAH (aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage). The current global incidence is 6.1/100,000 population. There are various modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyscholesterolemia, recreational drug abuse, and low body mass index. The non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH are gender, familial, and connective tissue disorders. […] This chapter describes epidemiology, aetiology, and pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

• #35 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #36 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Pathophysiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-81333-8_1

  Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage in the majority of patients is due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. There is a decreasing trend in the incidence of aSAH (aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage). The current global incidence is 6.1/100,000 population. There are various modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyscholesterolemia, recreational drug abuse, and low body mass index. The non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH are gender, familial, and connective tissue disorders. […] This chapter describes epidemiology, aetiology, and pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

• #37 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Pathophysiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-81333-8_1

  Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage in the majority of patients is due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. There is a decreasing trend in the incidence of aSAH (aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage). The current global incidence is 6.1/100,000 population. There are various modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyscholesterolemia, recreational drug abuse, and low body mass index. The non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH are gender, familial, and connective tissue disorders. […] This chapter describes epidemiology, aetiology, and pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

• #38 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #39 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #40 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #41 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #42 Subarachnoid hemorrhage – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage

  The prevalence of SAH in patients presenting with true thunderclap headache is estimated at ~10%. […] Hyponatremia is seen in 10%-40% of the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who are admitted to the ICU. […] First-degree relatives are at 2-5 fold increase in SAH, so screening is considered on individual basis.

• #43 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441958/

  The overall global incidence of aneurysmal SAH was 7.9 per 100,000 person-years. […] By time trends, in 2010 the incidence of SAH was 6.1 per 100,000 person-years, declining from 1980 when the reported incidence was 10.2 per 100,000 person-years. […] Around the world, Japan and Finland have higher cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage for reasons unknown. […] Most aSAH occur between 40 and 60 years of age, and young children and older adults can be affected. […] The mean age of aneurysmal rupture ranges from 50-55 years. […] It is more prevalent in the Blacks and Hispanic populations than the white Americans. […] There is a slightly higher incidence of aneurysmal SAH in females, which may be related to their hormonal status. […] Patients with a history of smoking and previously ruptured intracerebral aneurysm are highly associated with new subarachnoid hemorrhage.

• #44 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Pathophysiology | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-81333-8_1

  Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage in the majority of patients is due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. There is a decreasing trend in the incidence of aSAH (aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage). The current global incidence is 6.1/100,000 population. There are various modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, alcohol abuse, dyscholesterolemia, recreational drug abuse, and low body mass index. The non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH are gender, familial, and connective tissue disorders. […] This chapter describes epidemiology, aetiology, and pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

• #45 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/stroke/subarachnoid-hemorrhage-vasospasm-and-delayed-cerebral-ischemia/30142/

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a detrimental cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Direct bleeding effects are the most common underlying cause of mortality, and death, in most cases, occurs within 2 days of an initial event. During the past decade, mortality from SAH has declined by approximately 1% per year. […] Cerebral vasospasm—the narrowing of the cerebral arteries after SAH—is a common complication that occurs in up to 70% of patients and can be seen with radiographic and ultrasound imaging. […] There are several reported predictors of vasospasm, including the amount of blood on CT scan, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, neurologic impairment as assessed by World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scale, hypertension and temperature on admission, age, smoking, and aneurysm location.

• #46 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/

  The case fatality of SAH seems to remain high worldwide. However, mortality rates appear to have declined in industrialized nations over the past 25 years. Mortality rates vary widely across published epidemiological studies, ranging from 8% to 67% with a median mortality rate in the United States of 32% versus 43% in Europe and 27% in Japan. […] The information presented by this study helps to understand the impact of such disease on the health system not only in Colombia, but also in developing countries with similar population demographics. […] As for other disorders, the assessment of stroke rates, including mortality, is best achieved with standardized population-based studies.

• #47 Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why? | Critical Care | Full Text

  https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-015-1036-0

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke. Causes and mechanisms of in-hospital death after SAH in the modern era of neurocritical care remain incompletely understood. […] In-hospital mortality was 18 % (216/1200): 3 % for Hunt-Hess grade 1 or 2, 9 % for grade 3, 24 % for grade 4, and 71 % for grade 5. The most common adjudicated primary causes of death or neurological devastation leading to withdrawal of support were direct effects of the primary hemorrhage (55 %), aneurysm rebleeding (17 %), and medical complications (15 %). […] Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is devastating acute neurological disease that affects over 30,000 people every year in the United States. Despite advances in medical and surgical management, SAH remains a major cause of premature mortality, accounting for 27 % of all stroke-related potential years of life lost before the age of 65.

• #48 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Cardiac Complications – OpenAnesthesia

  https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage-part-1-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-cardiac-complications/

  A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency that commonly results from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location, smoking, hypertension, family history, alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, etc. […] The global incidence of aSAH is 2 to 16 per 100,000. The incidence varies by ethnicity and geography. […] The lowest incidence of SAH is in China, followed by Central and South America, United States, while the highest incidence is in Finland and Japan. […] Women are more likely to be affected than men by a factor of 1.24. […] A higher incidence of SAH is seen among Black and Hispanic patients. […] Most aneurysms occur between 40-60 years of age, with a mean age of rupture between 50 and 55 years. […] Risk factors for SAH include aneurysm size and location: larger aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms at an increased risk for rupture, smoking, hypertension, genetic risk and family history of SAH, prior history of aSAH, moderate to heavy alcohol abuse, use of sympathomimetic drugs, estrogen deficiency, antithrombotic therapy, etc. […] SAH is associated with an increased risk of mortality: about 10-15% of patients die before hospitalization, and 25% die within the first 48 hours. […] Initial hemorrhage is usually the primary cause of death, followed by rebleeding.

• #49 Subarachnoid hemorrhage: who dies, and why? | Critical Care | Full Text

  https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-015-1036-0

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke. Causes and mechanisms of in-hospital death after SAH in the modern era of neurocritical care remain incompletely understood. […] In-hospital mortality was 18 % (216/1200): 3 % for Hunt-Hess grade 1 or 2, 9 % for grade 3, 24 % for grade 4, and 71 % for grade 5. The most common adjudicated primary causes of death or neurological devastation leading to withdrawal of support were direct effects of the primary hemorrhage (55 %), aneurysm rebleeding (17 %), and medical complications (15 %). […] Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is devastating acute neurological disease that affects over 30,000 people every year in the United States. Despite advances in medical and surgical management, SAH remains a major cause of premature mortality, accounting for 27 % of all stroke-related potential years of life lost before the age of 65.

• #50

  https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/1998/01001/epidemiology_of_subarachnoid_haemorrhage.47.aspx

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a common problem that accounts for approximately 80% of non-traumatic SAHs, 6-8% of all strokes, and 22-25% of cerebrovascular deaths. […] Recent data on the epidemiology of SAH confirm that only studies with a high rate of CT scanning can reliably estimate the true incidence of SAH. […] The actual population-based incidence of aneurysmal SAH, unlike that of other types of stroke, has remained stable over the last three decades and approximates 10 per 100 000 per year. […] The incidence of SAH is higher in Japan, and the incidence in Finland is almost three times as high as in other parts of the world. […] Many risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal SAH. […] The incidence of aneurysmal SAH increases with age reaching a peak in the sixth decade of life.

• #51 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #52 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #53 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #54 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially aneurysmal SAH, is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality and peaks between the ages of 50 and 60 years. The incidence of SAH is 9 to 23 persons per 100,000 population, with considerable variation in different regions worldwide. […] After initial treatments with surgical or endovascular methods, patients remain at risk of major complications, including symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), thus developing further morbidity and mortality associated with poor outcomes. […] Symptomatic vasospasm develops in 20% to 40% of patients with SAH, and 19% to 46% of these patients experience symptomatic DCI, with the incidence peaking in the second week after ictus. […] Therefore, cerebral vasospasm requires immediate detection and appropriate preventative or therapeutic interventions to prevent clinically significant DCI during the period of high risk of cerebral vasospasm using routine monitoring following SAH in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU).

• #55 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially aneurysmal SAH, is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality and peaks between the ages of 50 and 60 years. The incidence of SAH is 9 to 23 persons per 100,000 population, with considerable variation in different regions worldwide. […] After initial treatments with surgical or endovascular methods, patients remain at risk of major complications, including symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), thus developing further morbidity and mortality associated with poor outcomes. […] Symptomatic vasospasm develops in 20% to 40% of patients with SAH, and 19% to 46% of these patients experience symptomatic DCI, with the incidence peaking in the second week after ictus. […] Therefore, cerebral vasospasm requires immediate detection and appropriate preventative or therapeutic interventions to prevent clinically significant DCI during the period of high risk of cerebral vasospasm using routine monitoring following SAH in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU).

• #56 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #57 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #58 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been extensively used as an inexpensive and noninvasive tool that allows the sensitive evaluation for cerebral vasospasm after SAH. […] Cerebral vasospasm is defined as narrowing of cerebral arteries after SAH, which often begins 2-4 days following SAH, and lasts for up to 21 days. […] The most important risk factor of cerebral vasospasm is the volume of blood, as revealed on brain CT as a severe SAH. […] Angiographic vasospasm develops in approximately 70% of patients with SAH, which is detected within 48 h of SAH in each cerebral artery. […] Although DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm with higher sensitivity and specificity, DSA and CT angiography provide only snapshot information about cerebral vasospasm at the time of imaging.

• #59 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/stroke/subarachnoid-hemorrhage-vasospasm-and-delayed-cerebral-ischemia/30142/

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a detrimental cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Direct bleeding effects are the most common underlying cause of mortality, and death, in most cases, occurs within 2 days of an initial event. During the past decade, mortality from SAH has declined by approximately 1% per year. […] Cerebral vasospasm—the narrowing of the cerebral arteries after SAH—is a common complication that occurs in up to 70% of patients and can be seen with radiographic and ultrasound imaging. […] There are several reported predictors of vasospasm, including the amount of blood on CT scan, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, neurologic impairment as assessed by World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scale, hypertension and temperature on admission, age, smoking, and aneurysm location.

• #60 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/

  SAH incidence increases with age, with an average age of onset in adults of 50 years, being 1.24 times higher in women than in men. In a Brazilian study the age-adjusted incidence for SAH was higher among females and increased progressively with age. Mortality data obtained from the city of Sao Paulo Health Statistic System (PRO-AIM) identified SAH as a much more frequent cause of death among women when compared to men. Race and ethnicity are relevant factors in SAH with Blacks and Hispanics having a higher incidence than white Americans. […] The impact of income on SAH rates was reported in a recent systematic review of population-based studies, where the incidence of SAH ranged from 2 to 16 per 100 000, with a pooled age-adjusted incidence rate in low to middle-income countries almost double that found in high income countries.

• #61 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

• #62 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

• #63 Epidemiology and treatment of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage over 10 years in a population-based registry

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10916829/

  Incidence of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is decreasing over time and its treatment is changing. […] We reported epidemiologic data on aneurysmal (a-) and non-aneurysmal (na-) SAH over 10 years. […] The crude incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of SAH, aSAH, and naSAH were 6.5 (95% CI 5.67.5), 5.0 (95% CI 4.25.9), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.12.0), respectively, and remained stable over time. […] We found a low and stable incidence of SAH over the 20112020 period. […] According to a meta-analysis, the overall incidence of SAH is 7.9 per 100,000 person-years and is higher in Asian compared with Western populations. […] A trend toward a decreasing incidence of SAH was found in recent years, possibly related to public health interventions and lifestyle modifications with an increasing control of vascular risk factors, including arterial hypertension and smoking.

• #64 Epidemiology and treatment of atraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage over 10 years in a population-based registry

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10916829/

  The crude annual incidence rate of first-ever SAH in the 20112020 period was 6.5 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 5.67.5). […] Incidence rates of SAH were stable over time (p for trend=0.764). […] Incidence rates were highest in women aged 6474 and in men over 85 years. […] The relative proportion of surgically treated patients did not change over time. […] Our study provides a 10-year insight into the epidemiology of SAH and either aSAH and naSAH together with case-fatality and patients profile in terms of risk factors. […] Our 28.7% 30-day case-fatality rate of SAH was slightly higher than those found in other reports. […] Our data are in line with worldwide trends pointing toward an increasing age at SAH onset probably due to improved control of vascular risk factors. […] Our findings reveal that the majority of patients with aSAH underwent surgical endovascular treatment, which likely played a significant role in improving their survival.

• #65 Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/subarachnoid-haemorrhage-pro

  How common is subarachnoid haemorrhage? (Epidemiology)3 […] Spontaneous SAH accounts for about 5% of all strokes. Ruptured aneurysms are the cause of 85% of spontaneous SAH.4 […] SAH affects 7.9 people per 100,000 of the population per year and constitutes about 6% of first strokes. […] The relative risk for women is 1.3. […] SAH reported incidence declined by 40.6% in Europe between 1980 and 2010. […] This reduction may in part be attributed to a higher rate of CT scanning, excluding other haemorrhagic causes, although there is a clear correlation with the incidence of hypertension and smoking. […] Approximately 85% of patients bleed from intracranial arterial aneurysms, 10% from a non-aneurysmal peri-mesencephalic haemorrhage and 5% from other vascular abnormalities including arteriovenous malformation, vasculitis and abnormal blood vessels associated with tumour.

• #66 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021. […] Data on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. […] In 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. […] The burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. […] The occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event that accounts for 5% of all strokes, with a mortality rate of 25% and disability rate of 66%.

• #67 Epidemiology of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in the state of Qatar | QScience.com

  https://www.qscience.com/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2020.19

  Background: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the significant etiologies for stroke. SAH causes higher morbidity and mortality with loss of productivity, resulting in increased disease burden. Only few studies in Qatar have reported on SAH, and the epidemiological features of SAH and aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) have not been comprehensively studied before in Qatar. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of patients with SAH and aSAH in the State of Qatar. […] The study included 323 patients with aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal SAH. The mean age at presentation was 47.4 12.2 years. Men comprised 68.7% of the cases. […] The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in Qatar has been increasing. Men had a higher incidence of aSAH. Internal carotid aneurysms have been found to be more common in Qatari women, which may have a genetic basis. Lower WFNS grades of aSAH have been associated with better prognosis. The overall mortality associated with aSAH in Qatar has declined over the last 3 years.

• #68 Epidemiology of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in the state of Qatar | QScience.com

  https://www.qscience.com/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2020.19

  Background: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the significant etiologies for stroke. SAH causes higher morbidity and mortality with loss of productivity, resulting in increased disease burden. Only few studies in Qatar have reported on SAH, and the epidemiological features of SAH and aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) have not been comprehensively studied before in Qatar. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of patients with SAH and aSAH in the State of Qatar. […] The study included 323 patients with aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal SAH. The mean age at presentation was 47.4 12.2 years. Men comprised 68.7% of the cases. […] The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in Qatar has been increasing. Men had a higher incidence of aSAH. Internal carotid aneurysms have been found to be more common in Qatari women, which may have a genetic basis. Lower WFNS grades of aSAH have been associated with better prognosis. The overall mortality associated with aSAH in Qatar has declined over the last 3 years.

• #69

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12028-023-01929-5

  The differences in outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) between the sexes have not been concretely determined. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors between male and female patients with aSAH. […] We investigated the epidemiological differences between the two sexes. […] A total of 5,407 consecutive patients with aSAH were included in this study, and the female-to-male ratio was 1.8:1. […] The peak incidence of aSAH occurred in the 6th and 7th decades in males and females, respectively. […] The incidence of multiple aneurysms was greater in female patients (21.5% vs. 14.2%, P0.001). […] There were more female patients with aneurysms than male patients in this study. […] Most aneurysm locations were different between the two groups. […] The risk factors for dependent survival were different between female and male patients.

• #70 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially aneurysmal SAH, is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality and peaks between the ages of 50 and 60 years. The incidence of SAH is 9 to 23 persons per 100,000 population, with considerable variation in different regions worldwide. […] After initial treatments with surgical or endovascular methods, patients remain at risk of major complications, including symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), thus developing further morbidity and mortality associated with poor outcomes. […] Symptomatic vasospasm develops in 20% to 40% of patients with SAH, and 19% to 46% of these patients experience symptomatic DCI, with the incidence peaking in the second week after ictus. […] Therefore, cerebral vasospasm requires immediate detection and appropriate preventative or therapeutic interventions to prevent clinically significant DCI during the period of high risk of cerebral vasospasm using routine monitoring following SAH in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU).

• #71 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  Effective treatment of vasospasm does not correlate with decreased incidence of DCI or improved outcomes, as seen in the Clazosentan trials. […] Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Transcranial Colour Doppler (TCCD) have revolutionised the detection of vasospasm and are widely used at the bedside. […] The first step to reducing these inequalities requires access to good-quality data and acknowledging these disparities.

• #72 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  However, TCD is a tool used extensively for the surveillance and monitoring of cerebral vasospasm in patients with SAH during the symptomatic period related to vasospasm and the pre-symptomatic period. […] Therefore, TCD is recommended for monitoring the development and temporal course of cerebral vasospasm during its incidence periods. […] TCD monitoring for detecting vasospasm in the MCA and BA is useful for detecting progressed vasospasm and deciding treatment plans earlier, although the evaluation of ACA and PCA vasospasm is limited. Therefore, TCD can become a primary screening and monitoring tool in the NICU for the evaluation and management of vasospasm secondary to SAH.

• #73 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  However, TCD is a tool used extensively for the surveillance and monitoring of cerebral vasospasm in patients with SAH during the symptomatic period related to vasospasm and the pre-symptomatic period. […] Therefore, TCD is recommended for monitoring the development and temporal course of cerebral vasospasm during its incidence periods. […] TCD monitoring for detecting vasospasm in the MCA and BA is useful for detecting progressed vasospasm and deciding treatment plans earlier, although the evaluation of ACA and PCA vasospasm is limited. Therefore, TCD can become a primary screening and monitoring tool in the NICU for the evaluation and management of vasospasm secondary to SAH.

• #74 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  https://www.j-nn.org/journal/view.php?number=156

  However, TCD is a tool used extensively for the surveillance and monitoring of cerebral vasospasm in patients with SAH during the symptomatic period related to vasospasm and the pre-symptomatic period. […] Therefore, TCD is recommended for monitoring the development and temporal course of cerebral vasospasm during its incidence periods. […] TCD monitoring for detecting vasospasm in the MCA and BA is useful for detecting progressed vasospasm and deciding treatment plans earlier, although the evaluation of ACA and PCA vasospasm is limited. Therefore, TCD can become a primary screening and monitoring tool in the NICU for the evaluation and management of vasospasm secondary to SAH.

• #75 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  The incidence of rupture is approximately 0.95% annually. The factors associated with an increased risk of rupture of a cerebral aneurysm are hypertension, smoking, cocaine and alcohol usage. […] Poor outcomes in patients with aSAH are often associated with several key factors. These include older age, worsening neurological conditions, posterior circulation aneurysm rupture, larger aneurysm sizes, and an increased presence of SAH on initial CT scans. […] Intensive care management of aSAH patients primarily focuses on addressing delayed cerebral ischaemia, which affects 20-45% of patients and is linked with worse neurologic outcomes and mortality. […] The development of vasospasm and DCI commonly occurs 3-14 days post-aSAH. DCI with cerebral infarction is the leading cause of morbidity in survivors.

• #76 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  Effective treatment of vasospasm does not correlate with decreased incidence of DCI or improved outcomes, as seen in the Clazosentan trials. […] Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Transcranial Colour Doppler (TCCD) have revolutionised the detection of vasospasm and are widely used at the bedside. […] The first step to reducing these inequalities requires access to good-quality data and acknowledging these disparities.

• #77 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  The incidence of rupture is approximately 0.95% annually. The factors associated with an increased risk of rupture of a cerebral aneurysm are hypertension, smoking, cocaine and alcohol usage. […] Poor outcomes in patients with aSAH are often associated with several key factors. These include older age, worsening neurological conditions, posterior circulation aneurysm rupture, larger aneurysm sizes, and an increased presence of SAH on initial CT scans. […] Intensive care management of aSAH patients primarily focuses on addressing delayed cerebral ischaemia, which affects 20-45% of patients and is linked with worse neurologic outcomes and mortality. […] The development of vasospasm and DCI commonly occurs 3-14 days post-aSAH. DCI with cerebral infarction is the leading cause of morbidity in survivors.

• #78 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/stroke/subarachnoid-hemorrhage-vasospasm-and-delayed-cerebral-ischemia/30142/

  Vasospasm and DCI contribute substantially to mortality and morbidity of patients who experienced SAH. Prevention, effective monitoring, and early detection are the keys to successful management. Close neurologic and TCD monitoring are essential parts of daily care, and CT/CTA/CTP are important for symptomatic patients in danger of cerebral infarction.

• #79 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), a neurovascular emergency with an incidence in the UK, is approximately 8 per 100,000 population, peaking at 50-60 years and is 1.6 times more common in women than men. The spontaneous rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (80-85%) is the most common cause of SAH. Aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) results in substantial morbidity, mortality and burden on the healthcare system; its downstream effects trigger a cascade of events resulting in organ dysfunction. […] Health care disparities, particularly in the resource allocation for SAH treatment, affect outcomes significantly, with telemedicine and novel technologies proposed to address this health inequalities. This article underscores the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary care and the urgent need for large-scale studies to validate standardised treatment protocols for improved SAH outcomes.

• #80 Diagnosis and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46015-2

  Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), a neurovascular emergency with an incidence in the UK, is approximately 8 per 100,000 population, peaking at 50-60 years and is 1.6 times more common in women than men. The spontaneous rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (80-85%) is the most common cause of SAH. Aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) results in substantial morbidity, mortality and burden on the healthcare system; its downstream effects trigger a cascade of events resulting in organ dysfunction. […] Health care disparities, particularly in the resource allocation for SAH treatment, affect outcomes significantly, with telemedicine and novel technologies proposed to address this health inequalities. This article underscores the necessity for comprehensive multidisciplinary care and the urgent need for large-scale studies to validate standardised treatment protocols for improved SAH outcomes.

• #81 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200505005508/en/Aneurysmal-Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-aSAH-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Aneurysmal SAH is a worldwide health burden with high fatality and permanent disability rates. […] In the 7MM, the total incident of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) was estimated to be 63,072 cases in 2017 whereas the total incident of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) was estimated to be 53,611. […] The total incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in the 7MM is expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.41% for the study period of 2017-2030. […] The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom) and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden and highlights the unmet needs of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).

• #82 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200505005508/en/Aneurysmal-Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-aSAH-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Aneurysmal SAH is a worldwide health burden with high fatality and permanent disability rates. […] In the 7MM, the total incident of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) was estimated to be 63,072 cases in 2017 whereas the total incident of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) was estimated to be 53,611. […] The total incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in the 7MM is expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.41% for the study period of 2017-2030. […] The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom) and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden and highlights the unmet needs of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).

• #83 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200505005508/en/Aneurysmal-Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-aSAH-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com

  Aneurysmal SAH is a worldwide health burden with high fatality and permanent disability rates. […] In the 7MM, the total incident of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) was estimated to be 63,072 cases in 2017 whereas the total incident of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH) was estimated to be 53,611. […] The total incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in the 7MM is expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.41% for the study period of 2017-2030. […] The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom) and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden and highlights the unmet needs of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).

• #84 Stroke presentation | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/stroke-presentation-77800548/77800548

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the second type of hemorrhagic stroke and is less common. In this type of stroke, bleeding occurs in the subarachnoid space – the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover it. […] Stroke began to be tracked globally via surveillance systems in 1968 with the World Health Assembly, after which data including incidence, mortality and case-fatality was tracked. Globally, the highest at-risk countries are in Eastern Europe (with Russia having the highest stroke mortality rate), Asia and Africa, along with some in the South Pacific and the Caribbean. […] The three-year INTERSTROKE study, based in 84 centers in 22 countries, confirmed that 88 percent of strokes were attributable to 10 risk factors: hypertension, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio, diet risk score, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, psychosocial factors (including depression and stress), cardiac causes and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1.

• #85 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/?lang=en

  As for other disorders, the assessment of stroke rates, including mortality, is best achieved with standardized population-based studies. The term population-based is traditionally used to describe a study that involves a defined general population as opposed to hospital-based or database of death certificate studies. Analyses limited to hospital-based stroke registers or incomplete mortality data may distort results because of non-representative study populations or underestimation of cases. Differences in study methodologies may account for different rates observed in stroke descriptive epidemiologic studies. Variations in stroke case ascertainment and evaluation, classification, definition of event rates, data presentation and statistical analysis (e.g.: use of age-adjusted data and of confidence intervals) make direct comparisons difficult among epidemiological studies. Standard definitions, procedures, methods and data presentation are important to allow more reliable comparisons in much needed stroke epidemiological studies.

• #86 SciELO Brazil – Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country Subarachnoid hemorrhage: mortality in a South American Country

  https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/BxLmcDCgLh4fTnmnwV5jQjK/?lang=en

  As for other disorders, the assessment of stroke rates, including mortality, is best achieved with standardized population-based studies. The term population-based is traditionally used to describe a study that involves a defined general population as opposed to hospital-based or database of death certificate studies. Analyses limited to hospital-based stroke registers or incomplete mortality data may distort results because of non-representative study populations or underestimation of cases. Differences in study methodologies may account for different rates observed in stroke descriptive epidemiologic studies. Variations in stroke case ascertainment and evaluation, classification, definition of event rates, data presentation and statistical analysis (e.g.: use of age-adjusted data and of confidence intervals) make direct comparisons difficult among epidemiological studies. Standard definitions, procedures, methods and data presentation are important to allow more reliable comparisons in much needed stroke epidemiological studies.

• #87

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/fulltext/2013/08000/the_epidemiology_of_admissions_of_nontraumatic.13.aspx

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the cause of 5% to 10% of strokes annually in the United States. […] To study the incidence and mortality trends of admissions of SAH from 1979 to 2008 using a nationally representative sample of all nonfederal acute-care hospitals in the United States: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. […] We reviewed data on approximately 1 billion hospitalizations in the United States over a 30-year study period and identified 612500 cases of SAH, which was more common in women (relative risk 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.7-1.72) and nonwhite persons than white persons (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.5). The estimated incidence rate of admission after SAH was 7.2 to 9.0 per 100000/year and did not significantly change over the study period. Overall, in-hospital mortality after SAH fell from 30% during the period from 1979 to 1983 to 20% during the subperiod from 2004 to 2008 (P = .03) and was lower in larger treating hospitals. […] The incidence rate of admission after SAH has remained stable over the past 30 years. Total deaths and in-hospital mortality after SAH have decreased significantly. In-hospital mortality after SAH is lower in larger treating hospitals.

• #88

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/fulltext/2013/08000/the_epidemiology_of_admissions_of_nontraumatic.13.aspx

  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the cause of 5% to 10% of strokes annually in the United States. […] To study the incidence and mortality trends of admissions of SAH from 1979 to 2008 using a nationally representative sample of all nonfederal acute-care hospitals in the United States: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. […] We reviewed data on approximately 1 billion hospitalizations in the United States over a 30-year study period and identified 612500 cases of SAH, which was more common in women (relative risk 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.7-1.72) and nonwhite persons than white persons (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.5). The estimated incidence rate of admission after SAH was 7.2 to 9.0 per 100000/year and did not significantly change over the study period. Overall, in-hospital mortality after SAH fell from 30% during the period from 1979 to 1983 to 20% during the subperiod from 2004 to 2008 (P = .03) and was lower in larger treating hospitals. […] The incidence rate of admission after SAH has remained stable over the past 30 years. Total deaths and in-hospital mortality after SAH have decreased significantly. In-hospital mortality after SAH is lower in larger treating hospitals.

• #89 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

• #90 Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021 | Military Medical Research | Full Text

  https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-024-00551-6

  The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 provides a unique framework for evaluating the disease burden using multiple factors. […] The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50-69 years old. […] High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. […] The majority of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs were predominantly observed in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. […] The ASIR and ASDR exhibited a negative correlation with the SDI across all regions. […] The incidence of SAH significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, accounting for a substantial proportion of strokes, which ranked as the second leading cause of death. […] The overall global ASIR is observed to be higher in females compared to males; however, the ASMR and ASDR are lower in females than in males. […] In this study, metabolic factors were found to be the primary attributable risk factors for SAH. High systolic blood pressure was identified as the most significant metabolic factor associated with SAH and was correlated with a poor prognosis.

Zobacz więcej