Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-overview

  Herpetic whitlow is an intensely painful infection of the hand involving 1 or more fingers that typically affects the terminal phalanx. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the cause in approximately 60% of cases of herpetic whitlow, and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the cause in the remaining 40%. […] Patients should be advised that their prognosis for recovery is excellent and resolution should occur in 2-4 weeks. […] Patients should be advised that antiviral treatment during the initial outbreak may shorten the clinical course and may also lessen the possibility of recurrence which may be as high as 30-50%.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482379/

  Herpetic whitlow is typically a clinical diagnosis. Patients may report local trauma preceding infection, especially to the nail cuticle, although they often deny a history of injury. […] Symptomatic relief and avoidance of secondary infection are the mainstays of therapy for herpetic whitlow. The natural course of the infection in an immunocompetent patient is a spontaneous resolution of symptoms in 2 to 4 weeks. […] While there are few studies specific to herpetic whitlow, antivirals have been shown to shorten the duration of symptoms by up to 4 days in one study and decreased days of positive viral culture. […] For recurrent herpetic whitlow, suppressive therapy with an antiviral agent may be helpful. Treatment with acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir has not been specifically compared.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow treatment aims to reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and promote healing. Management typically involves a combination of antiviral medications and supportive care. […] Antiviral medications are the cornerstone of herpetic whitlow treatment: Acyclovir: This antiviral drug is commonly prescribed to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Valacyclovir and Famciclovir: These medications are also effective in managing herpetic whitlow. […] Pain management is crucial for patient comfort: Analgesics: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain. Topical Analgesics: Topical lidocaine or benzocaine can provide localized pain relief. […] Proper wound care is essential to prevent secondary bacterial infections: Keep the Area Clean and Dry: Regularly clean and dry the affected area with mild soap and water. Avoid Popping Blisters: Do not pop or pick at the blisters to prevent bacterial infection.

• #1 Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317701

  Herpetic whitlow, or whitlow finger, is a painful infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] This article explores the symptoms, causes, and treatment of herpetic whitlow, as well as the chances of reoccurrence. […] Without treatment, herpetic whitlow tends to go away in 24 weeks. To reduce the duration of the symptoms, a person can try antiviral medications. These limit the appearance of symptoms by up to 4 days. Antiviral medications also prevent the virus from spreading to other parts of the body. […] Antivirals that treat herpetic whitlow include: valacyclovir pills, acyclovir pills, famciclovir pills, acyclovir ointment. […] A key part of treatment involves easing symptoms. This might involve treating pain with an over-the-counter medication, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil).

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/ID/HrptcWhtlw.htm

  Herpetic Whitlow is self limited and resolves spontaneously without treatment. […] Consider in first 48 hours to shorten course. […] Acyclovir 400 mg PO tid for 7 days. […] Famciclovir (Famvir). […] Valacyclovir (Valtrex).

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.herpetic-whitlow-care-instructions.abs5548

  Herpetic whitlow is a finger infection. It’s usually caused by the herpes virus that causes cold sores. It can spread to a finger from a cold sore in or around your mouth. Whitlow also can be caused by the virus that causes genital herpes. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help fight the herpes virus. You may be asked to cover your finger with a bandage. This can avoid spreading the infection. […] Follow your doctor’s advice to care for your finger. If you did not get instructions: Wash the area with clean water 2 times a day. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. You may cover the area with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, and a nonstick bandage. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms that the infection is getting worse, such as: Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. Red streaks leading from the area. Pus draining from the area. Fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #1 What Is Herpetic Whitlow – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/what-is-herpetic-whitlow/

  You should avoid making a cut (incision) to drain the fluid in the blisters, as this can lead to the movement of the herpes virus into the bloodstream and/or a bacterial superinfection. […] Other blister management techniques include: Covering them with bandages to help prevent the virus from spreading to others or another area of your own skin, Applying a compress to reduce swelling and pain, Wearing glasses instead of contact lenses (if applicable) to avoid contact with the eyes until sores heal, Avoid popping the blisters so that the virus doesn’t spread. […] Herpetic whitlow is a contagious and painful infection of the skin. While it usually can go away on its own after 2 to 4 weeks, the use of treatments such as antiviral drugs and topical solutions can help shorten the duration of symptoms.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/herpetic-whitlow

  What is the treatment for herpetic whitlow? […] General measures include education on skin protection, keeping affected digit/s clean and covered with a dressing to prevent further irritation and spread, as viral shedding can occur until all lesions have cleared. […] Specific measures include antivirals (eg, topical or oral aciclovir, or valaciclovir) commenced within 48 hours of symptom onset may reduce the duration of symptoms and risk of recurrence. […] For superimposed bacterial infection, antibiotics may be indicated. […] Surgical drainage is not recommended due to the risk of viraemia and secondary bacterial infection.

• #1 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) is a painful infection of the finger caused by the herpes virus. It’s easily treated but can come back. […] Treatment is more effective if started early and will help stop the infection spreading. […] You may be prescribed antiviral tablets if you see a GP within 48 hours of your symptoms showing. […] Antiviral tablets can help your finger to heal more quickly. […] If you cannot see a GP within 48 hours, the infection will usually go away without treatment within 2 to 3 weeks. […] You can ease the symptoms of herpetic whitlow yourself by taking painkillers and avoiding touching the infected finger. […] Keep the affected finger clean and covered with a dressing. […] Take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to ease the pain. […] There’s not much you can do to prevent herpetic whitlow but it can be treated in the same way if it comes back.

• #1 Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317701

  If a secondary bacterial infection develops in the area of a whitlow infection, antibiotics may also be necessary. […] If whitlow reappears, a doctor may prescribe suppressive antiviral medications, which a person takes daily. These may reduce the chances of future outbreaks. […] It is worth noting that while antiviral drugs can reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms, there is no cure for an HSV infection.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abs5598

  Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if your child has symptoms that the infection is getting worse, such as: Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. Red streaks leading from the area. Pus draining from the area. Fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your child does not get better as expected.

• #1 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) – Know Your Doctor

  https://www.knowyourdoctor.com.cy/medical/herpetic-whitlow-whitlow-finger/

  A herpetic whitlow may be treated with an antiviral drug such as aciclovir. You may be prescribed a five or seven day course of 200mg aciclovir to take five times a day or 400mg to take three times a day. But this is only worth taking if you start the treatment within 48 hours of symptoms starting. […] Antiviral drugs may help to heal a herpetic whitlow, but they do not get rid of the herpes simplex virus or prevent future outbreaks of herpes simplex viral infection. […] If a whitlow does return, it can be treated in the same way, with an antiviral drug. If the whitlow returns often, the antiviral drug can be given for long periods of time (years) to reduce the number of times it comes back. This suppressive antiviral treatment will also reduce both the severity of the whitlow and the length of time it takes to heal.

• #1 Acute Hand Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0215/p228.html

  Herpetic whitlow is caused by herpes simplex virus and typically resolves without intervention. […] Mainstays of therapy for herpetic whitlow include reducing the risk of transmission, pain control, and consideration of antiviral medications. […] Primary herpetic whitlow is typically self-limited, with complete resolution within 21 days. However, off-label use of oral antivirals should be considered for patients with recurrent lesions or symptoms present for less than 48 hours, or for immunocompromised patients, who may develop disseminated disease requiring intravenous antiviral treatment and critical care. […] It is important to keep dressings over active lesions dry and to refrain from incision and drainage, which increases the likelihood of bacterial superinfection.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.herpetic-whitlow-in-children-care-instructions.abs5598

  Herpetic whitlow is a finger infection. It’s usually caused by the herpes virus that causes cold sores. It can spread to a finger from a cold sore in or around your child’s mouth. […] The doctor may prescribe medicines to help fight the herpes virus. You may be asked to cover your child’s finger with a bandage. This can help avoid spreading the infection. […] If your doctor told you how to care for your child’s finger, follow your doctor’s instructions. If you did not get instructions, follow this general advice: Wash the area with clean water 2 times a day. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. You may cover the area with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, and a nonstick bandage. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has symptoms that the infection is getting worse, such as: Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. Red streaks leading from the area. Pus draining from the area. Fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your child does not get better as expected.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-treatment

  Deep surgical incision is contraindicated, since this may lead to delayed resolution, bacterial superinfection or systemic spread, and complications such as herpes encephalitis. […] Antiviral agents may be prescribed as noted above. […] Appropriate analgesic medications should be prescribed if indicated. […] Do not attempt to incise and drain lesions as this may lead to worsening scarring or possible dissemination of the virus. […] Inappropriate attempts to incise and drain lesions may lead to subsequent scarring. […] Healthcare workers should wear gloves while providing medical and/or dental care to prevent inadvertent exposure and subsequent infection.

• #1 Herpetic whitlow – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetic_whitlow

  A herpetic whitlow is a herpes lesion (whitlow), typically on a finger or thumb, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] Although it is a self-limited illness, oral or intravenous antiviral treatments, particularly acyclovir, have been used in the management of immunocompromised or severely infected patients. It is usually given when the condition fails to improve on its own. […] Topical acyclovir has not been shown to be effective in management of herpetic whitlow. Famciclovir has been demonstrated to effectively treat and prevent recurrent episodes. […] Lancing or surgically debriding the lesion may make it worse by causing a superinfection or encephalitis.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-treatment

  Herpetic whitlow is a self-limited disease. Treatment most often is directed toward symptomatic relief. […] Acyclovir may be beneficial. Studies of clinical efficacy are limited and treatment suggestions are extrapolated from data regarding response of other HSV infections. In primary infections, topical acyclovir 5% has been demonstrated to shorten the duration of symptoms and viral shedding. Oral acyclovir may prevent recurrence. Doses of 800 mg twice daily initiated during the prodrome may abort the recurrence. Alternative dosing regimens may also be effective. […] Famciclovir or valacyclovir may shorten the clinical manifestations of acute occurrence. […] Use antibiotic treatment only in cases complicated by bacterial superinfection. […] Tense vesicles may be unroofed to help ameliorate symptoms, and wedge resection of the fingernail may be used for the same purpose in cases involving the subungual space.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/infectious-disease/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow, a viral infection causing painful sores on the fingers, primarily involves managing the symptoms and preventing a secondary bacterial infection. The infection generally resolves on its own within 2 to 4 weeks if the patient has a healthy immune system. […] While specific studies on herpetic whitlow are few, antiviral medications have been demonstrated to reduce the duration of symptoms and decrease the number of days the virus can be found in cultures. These benefits are especially pronounced if the antiviral treatment is started within 48 hours from when symptoms begin. For recurring instances of herpetic whitlow, long-term antiviral treatment may help prevent new outbreaks. […] If a secondary bacterial infection develops in the affected finger, antibiotics may be necessary.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow – Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/herpetic-whitlow

  Herpetic whitlow eventually goes away without treatment but may return. Antiviral medications applied directly to the skin (topically) can help shorten the length of the first episode. Antiviral medications taken by mouth (such as acyclovir) on a long-term basis may prevent further episodes in people who have already had repeated episodes. People should cover open or draining blisters to prevent spreading the infection to other people. Surgery is not needed.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482379/

  The diagnosis and management of herpetic whitlow are best accomplished with an interprofessional team that consists of a nurse practitioner, primary care physician, pediatrician, dermatologist, and an infectious disease expert. […] For most immunocompetent patients, the infection spontaneously resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Incision and drainage should not be performed as it provides no symptomatic relief and may cause viremia and bacterial superinfection. There have been reports of significant pain relief following nail segment excision for decompression of vesicles along the nail bed.

• #1 AAHS – Secondary Bacterial Paronychia after Herpetic Whitlow

  https://meeting.handsurgery.org/abstracts/2019/HSEP176.cgi

  It is important to differentiate between herpetic and bacterial whitlow, because these diseases require a different treatment. […] Often misdiagnosed and delayed treatment can cause secondary bacterial infections that are difficult to treat. […] For this reason, the most important medical procedure is the very careful listening of the patient’s past history, when treating a patient with vesicles on the finger.

• #1 Herpetic Whitlow: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/herpetic-whitlow

  Herpetic whitlow can be treated with antiviral medications, which can help to reduce symptoms and prevent the spread of the virus. […] Once Herpetic Whitlow is diagnosed, treatment typically involves antiviral medication to help speed up the healing process and reduce the duration of symptoms. […] Treatment options for Herpetic Whitlow include antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. […] While antiviral medications cannot cure Herpetic Whitlow, they can effectively manage symptoms and help prevent future outbreaks. […] To help prevent the spread of Herpetic Whitlow, individuals should avoid close contact with others while experiencing symptoms. […] Surgery is generally not necessary for treating Herpetic Whitlow, as antiviral medications are typically effective in managing symptoms. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a positive Herpetic Whitlow prognosis. Antiviral medications prescribed by a healthcare professional can help reduce the duration and severity of symptoms, prevent complications, and decrease the likelihood of recurrence.

• #1

• #2 Finger Infection: Treatment, Types, Causes, Pictures & Home Remedies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/finger_infection/article_em.htm

  Herpetic whitlow: A herpetic whitlow is an infection of the fingertip area caused by a virus. This is the most common viral infection of the hand. This infection is often misdiagnosed as a paronychia or felon. […] The offending viral organism is the herpes simplex virus type I or II. This is the same virus that causes oral or genital herpes infections. People in certain occupations are more at risk for this infection. These include dentists, dental hygienists, physicians, nurses, or any other person who may have contact with saliva or body fluids that contain the virus. People with oral or genital herpes may also infect their own fingers. […] Symptoms of herpetic whitlow include redness and tenderness of the fingertip area. A burning or itching sensation may be present in the area. There may be mild swelling but not as extensive as in the felon. There may be a single or many open wounds in the area affected. These open wounds often occur in clusters after the formation of a small blister-like lesion. The fluid in these lesions is usually clear in appearance but may be slightly cloudy. The affected individual may also have a low-grade fever and have swollen and tender lymph nodes in the area.

• #2 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) is a painful infection of the finger caused by the herpes virus. It’s easily treated but can come back. […] Treatment is more effective if started early and will help stop the infection spreading. […] You may be prescribed antiviral tablets if you see a GP within 48 hours of your symptoms showing. […] Antiviral tablets can help your finger to heal more quickly. […] If you cannot see a GP within 48 hours, the infection will usually go away without treatment within 2 to 3 weeks. […] You can ease the symptoms of herpetic whitlow yourself by taking painkillers and avoiding touching the infected finger. […] Keep the affected finger clean and covered with a dressing. […] Take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to ease the pain. […] There’s not much you can do to prevent herpetic whitlow but it can be treated in the same way if it comes back.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-treatment

  Herpetic whitlow is a self-limited disease. Treatment most often is directed toward symptomatic relief. […] Acyclovir may be beneficial. Studies of clinical efficacy are limited and treatment suggestions are extrapolated from data regarding response of other HSV infections. In primary infections, topical acyclovir 5% has been demonstrated to shorten the duration of symptoms and viral shedding. Oral acyclovir may prevent recurrence. Doses of 800 mg twice daily initiated during the prodrome may abort the recurrence. Alternative dosing regimens may also be effective. […] Famciclovir or valacyclovir may shorten the clinical manifestations of acute occurrence. […] Use antibiotic treatment only in cases complicated by bacterial superinfection. […] Tense vesicles may be unroofed to help ameliorate symptoms, and wedge resection of the fingernail may be used for the same purpose in cases involving the subungual space.

• #2 Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317701

  Herpetic whitlow, or whitlow finger, is a painful infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] This article explores the symptoms, causes, and treatment of herpetic whitlow, as well as the chances of reoccurrence. […] Without treatment, herpetic whitlow tends to go away in 24 weeks. To reduce the duration of the symptoms, a person can try antiviral medications. These limit the appearance of symptoms by up to 4 days. Antiviral medications also prevent the virus from spreading to other parts of the body. […] Antivirals that treat herpetic whitlow include: valacyclovir pills, acyclovir pills, famciclovir pills, acyclovir ointment. […] A key part of treatment involves easing symptoms. This might involve treating pain with an over-the-counter medication, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil).

• #2 Whitlow: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/whitlow

  Whitlow is a highly contagious infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is also known as “herpetic whitlow.” Both types of HSV — type 1 and type 2 — can cause herpetic whitlow. […] Antiviral medications and antibiotics are the most common treatments for whitlow. […] Although no treatment will eliminate HSV from your body, your doctor may prescribe medications to improve the symptoms of the infection. Antiviral medications are among the most effective treatments for HSV infections. These medications include acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), and valacyclovir (Valtrex). […] To reduce pain and fever, you can use over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil) and acetaminophen (Tylenol). Doctors may also prescribe antibiotics to treat any secondary infections. […] It is also important to keep the affected finger covered and avoid touching anyone else with it to prevent the infection from spreading.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abs5598

  Herpetic whitlow is a finger infection. It’s usually caused by the herpes virus that causes cold sores. It can spread to a finger from a cold sore in or around your child’s mouth. […] The doctor may prescribe medicines to help fight the herpes virus. You may be asked to cover your child’s finger with a bandage. This can help avoid spreading the infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if your child is having problems. […] If your doctor told you how to care for your child’s finger, follow your doctor’s instructions. If you did not get instructions, follow this general advice: Wash the area with clean water 2 times a day. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. You may cover the area with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, and a non-stick bandage.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.herpetic-whitlow-care-instructions.abs5548

  Herpetic whitlow is a finger infection. It’s usually caused by the herpes virus that causes cold sores. It can spread to a finger from a cold sore in or around your mouth. Whitlow also can be caused by the virus that causes genital herpes. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help fight the herpes virus. You may be asked to cover your finger with a bandage. This can avoid spreading the infection. […] Follow your doctor’s advice to care for your finger. If you did not get instructions: Wash the area with clean water 2 times a day. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. You may cover the area with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, and a nonstick bandage. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms that the infection is getting worse, such as: Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. Red streaks leading from the area. Pus draining from the area. Fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow vs. Dyshidrotic Eczema: What’s the Difference? | MyEczemaTeam

  https://www.myeczemateam.com/resources/herpetic-whitlow-vs-dyshidrotic-eczema-whats-the-difference

  Herpetic whitlow is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This is the same virus that causes cold sores (oral herpes) or genital herpes. If the virus infects the skin on your fingers or hands, it can cause a painful, blistering rash. […] If you have herpetic whitlow, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to fight the viral infection. Antiviral medications can be taken orally (by mouth) or applied topically (to the skin). If you’re in pain, your doctor may also recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] Covering the rash may help protect the area and prevent spreading the infection to others.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/herpetic-whitlow-overview-4584881

  Keep in mind that these antiviral agents are not curative; rather, they work to shorten the duration of symptoms from a herpes simplex infection. […] Although not well studied specifically for herpetic whitlow, in some instances, your healthcare provider may recommend taking a daily antiviral medication to prevent recurrent infections. […] To ease the inflammation and associated swelling and pain of herpetic whitlow, your healthcare provider may recommend elevating your finger and taking an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), like ibuprofen. […] In order to prevent a bacterial secondary infection, it’s important to gently clean the affected area on your finger every day. After cleaning, apply a dry dressing over the rash. […] The same treatments, however, can be used with subsequent episodes of recurring whitlow finger.

• #2 How to Treat Whitlow: Medical Treatments & Home Remedies

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Whitlow

  Commonly prescribed medications include topical acyclovir 5%, oral acyclovir, oral famciclovir, and valacyclovir. […] Take any antibiotics your doctor prescribes. Once the bacterial infection is confirmed, your doctor will likely prescribe you an antibiotic which can come as an oral medication or topical cream. Follow your doctors specific instructions and the directions on the label. Make sure to complete the full course of treatment as its prescribed to you, even if your symptoms seem to go away before you finish the prescription.

• #2 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Types Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22855-herpes-simplex

  Herpetic whitlow can cause blisters on your fingers, discolored skin around your fingernail, and swelling in your finger. […] Prescription antiviral medications are the main treatment for HSV infections. […] Treatment for oral and genital herpes falls into two categories: episodic therapy and chronic suppressive therapy. […] Episodic therapy is short-term treatment that targets a single episode (outbreak). […] Chronic suppressive therapy is when you take antiviral medications long-term. […] Specific medications your provider may prescribe include Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir. […] Chronic suppressive therapy can lower the number of outbreaks you experience by 70% to 80%.

• #2 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) – EM Doctors

  https://www.em-doctors.com/conditions/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) is a painful infection of the finger caused by the herpes virus. It’s easily treated but can come back. […] Treatment is more effective if started early and will help stop the infection spreading. […] You may be prescribed antiviral tablets if you see a GP within 48 hours of your symptoms showing. Antiviral tablets can help your finger to heal more quickly. […] Go back to your GP if your infection gets worse or if you have a very high temperature (you feel hot and shivery). […] There’s not much you can do to prevent herpetic whitlow but it can be treated in the same way if it comes back.

• #2 Herpetic whitlow – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetic_whitlow

  A herpetic whitlow is a herpes lesion (whitlow), typically on a finger or thumb, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] Although it is a self-limited illness, oral or intravenous antiviral treatments, particularly acyclovir, have been used in the management of immunocompromised or severely infected patients. It is usually given when the condition fails to improve on its own. […] Topical acyclovir has not been shown to be effective in management of herpetic whitlow. Famciclovir has been demonstrated to effectively treat and prevent recurrent episodes. […] Lancing or surgically debriding the lesion may make it worse by causing a superinfection or encephalitis.

• #2 Paediatric recurrent herpetic whitlow

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3736177/

  We present a case of recurrent painful blisters of middle phalanx of the left ring finger of a 15-month-old previously healthy and immunocompetent female child. […] The patient had recovery following full treatment with topical and systemic acyclovir. […] She presented again at the age of 4 with recurrence which required topical and systemic acyclovir therapy with good recovery. […] The patient was treated with topical and systemic acyclovir therapy and the whitlow healed slowly over a period of 3 weeks. […] She was diagnosed as an infected recurrent herpetic whitlow with acute left axillary lymphadenitis and given topical and systemic acyclovir therapy in association with co-amoxiclav and regular oral analgesia. […] Treatment of recurrent herpetic whitlow is not well documented and precise treatment guidelines for this HSV infection are not firmly established.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482379/

  The diagnosis and management of herpetic whitlow are best accomplished with an interprofessional team that consists of a nurse practitioner, primary care physician, pediatrician, dermatologist, and an infectious disease expert. […] For most immunocompetent patients, the infection spontaneously resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Incision and drainage should not be performed as it provides no symptomatic relief and may cause viremia and bacterial superinfection. There have been reports of significant pain relief following nail segment excision for decompression of vesicles along the nail bed.

• #2

  https://www.orthobullets.com/hand/6100/herpetic-whitlow

  Herpetic Whitlow is a viral infection of the hand caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). […] Treatment is observation with a short course of antiviral antibiotics (acyclovir). […] Nonoperative observation +/- acyclovir is the standard of treatment. […] Acyclovir may shorten the duration of symptoms. […] Surgical treatment associated with superinfections, encephalitis, and death and should be avoided.

• #2 What to Do When You Have Herpetic Whitlow – Aproko Doctor

  https://www.aprokodoctor.com/2019/04/what-to-do-when-you-have-whitlow/

  It is important to differentiate between herpes and a fungal infection or bacterial infection of the fingers, they look alike, but with bacterial infections, there is usually pus […] Unfortunately, herpetic whitlow cannot be treated, but it is very unlikely that you will have another case of herpetic whitlow after the first one, though this is still possible […] Your doctor may prescribe some antiviral medication after confirming that it is a herpes infection and it is very effective if taken 24 hours after the symptoms first start, pain medications will be given also to help you cope […] What you can do is to: Cover the area with gauze, this helps prevent infections of other places that you might touch with your infected finger, herpetic whitlow is extremely contagious […] Apply cold cloth or ice over the area […] Clean the affected area daily […] Do not wear contact lenses if you have Whitlow, you could infect your eyes, the infection may spread to your eyes […] The infection will resolve by itself, they almost always do.

• #2 Swollen, purple, blistered thumb leads to diagnosis of herpetic whitlow

  https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/swollen-purple-blistered-thumb-leads-to-diagnosis-of-herpetic-whitlow

  Treatment of herpetic whitlow varies with presentation and clinical judgment. The infection is typically self-limited and most cases resolve in 2 to 4 weeks. Oral antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir have been utilized for decades with significant success. These medications are relatively well tolerated with few adverse effects, and short-term use rarely leads to resistant HSV strains. They are especially useful for lesions present for less than 48 hours, recurrent lesions, or in immunocompromised patients. There is no particular consensus for length of therapy. Studies show infection recurrence in about 1 in every 4 to 5 cases. Patients and/or family members should also be educated about HSV and its spread to reduce risk of recurrence and transmission to others. Keeping the lesions clean and dry is key to preventing bacterial superinfection. Incision and drainage should not be performed except in rare cases of secondary abscess formation; they increase the risk of superinfection. Finally, it may be helpful to involve specialty services, including dermatology, orthopedics, and plastic surgery, depending on the severity and complexity of the infection.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/herpetic-whitlow/

  Herpetic whitlow treatment aims to reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and promote healing. Management typically involves a combination of antiviral medications and supportive care. […] Antiviral medications are the cornerstone of herpetic whitlow treatment: Acyclovir: This antiviral drug is commonly prescribed to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Valacyclovir and Famciclovir: These medications are also effective in managing herpetic whitlow. […] Pain management is crucial for patient comfort: Analgesics: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain. Topical Analgesics: Topical lidocaine or benzocaine can provide localized pain relief. […] Proper wound care is essential to prevent secondary bacterial infections: Keep the Area Clean and Dry: Regularly clean and dry the affected area with mild soap and water. Avoid Popping Blisters: Do not pop or pick at the blisters to prevent bacterial infection.

• #2 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) – Know Your Doctor

  https://www.knowyourdoctor.com.cy/medical/herpetic-whitlow-whitlow-finger/

  A herpetic whitlow may be treated with an antiviral drug such as aciclovir. You may be prescribed a five or seven day course of 200mg aciclovir to take five times a day or 400mg to take three times a day. But this is only worth taking if you start the treatment within 48 hours of symptoms starting. […] Antiviral drugs may help to heal a herpetic whitlow, but they do not get rid of the herpes simplex virus or prevent future outbreaks of herpes simplex viral infection. […] If a whitlow does return, it can be treated in the same way, with an antiviral drug. If the whitlow returns often, the antiviral drug can be given for long periods of time (years) to reduce the number of times it comes back. This suppressive antiviral treatment will also reduce both the severity of the whitlow and the length of time it takes to heal.

• #2 Herpetic Whitlow: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/herpetic-whitlow-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopx3h7aI4bp_x_bGuhQ3h3V2QDNbn8jkb7rxEPtzTwG_u3w5cyB

  Herpetic whitlow at times requires treatment with antiviral medications to mitigate the symptoms. […] The doctor prescribes antiviral medications to pacify the discomforting symptoms and also prevent the herpes virus infection from spreading to various other organs and tissues in the body. […] In addition, pain-relieving medicines are given to the patient to soothe tenderness in the fingertips and if a bacterial infection arises in the region, then antibiotics are also prescribed. […] These treatment methods help manage the pain and severity of symptoms, but there is no complete cure for infection with the herpes simplex virus/HSV the virus remains in the body and resides in an inactivated form in the nerve cells. […] Simple home remedies like covering the blisters on the fingers, steering clear of touching the infected areas of skin and washing hands regularly aid in resolving herpetic whitlow and rectify the swelling and pus-filled lumps in the fingers of the patient, thereby mitigating pain and discomfort.

• #3 Paediatric recurrent herpetic whitlow

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3736177/

  We present a case of recurrent painful blisters of middle phalanx of the left ring finger of a 15-month-old previously healthy and immunocompetent female child. […] The patient had recovery following full treatment with topical and systemic acyclovir. […] She presented again at the age of 4 with recurrence which required topical and systemic acyclovir therapy with good recovery. […] The patient was treated with topical and systemic acyclovir therapy and the whitlow healed slowly over a period of 3 weeks. […] She was diagnosed as an infected recurrent herpetic whitlow with acute left axillary lymphadenitis and given topical and systemic acyclovir therapy in association with co-amoxiclav and regular oral analgesia. […] Treatment of recurrent herpetic whitlow is not well documented and precise treatment guidelines for this HSV infection are not firmly established.

• #3 Whitlow in Africans: Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.datelinehealthafrica.org/whitlow-in-africans-prevention-and-treatment

  How is herpetic whitlow treated? Herpetic whitlow can resolve on its own within two to three weeks of infection, but keep in mind that you will have to endure severe pain during this time. However, if you can’t wait for your immune system to kick in, you might want to hasten things up by using antiviral medications, such as acyclovir. […] Acyclovir is available in tablet form in doses of 200, 400, and 800mg. It is also available in cream and ointment form. Other antiviral agents in the same family as acyclovir include famciclovir, valacyclovir, and ganciclovir; however, acyclovir is the most widely available in Africa. […] Painkillers such as Ibuprofen or diclofenac can be used to relieve the pain and inflammation. The lesions should not be cut or drained because this can worsen the scars or spread the virus.

• #3 Herpetic Whitlow Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/herpetic-whitlow-overview-4584881

  Herpetic whitlow is a rare complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection that leads to a painful rash in the finger or hand. […] This article explains herpetic whitlow signs and symptoms, causes, and treatment to get rid of herpetic whitlow symptoms. […] The treatment of herpetic whitlow typically entails simple, self-care measures, as the infection will heal on its own within two to four weeks. Sometimes, though, medication is recommended, especially if the infection is severe or your immune system is suppressed. […] In addition to self-care strategies, your healthcare provider may recommend an anti-viral medication. The following anti-viral medications are available by prescription: Zovirax ointment (topical acyclovir), Zovirax (oral acyclovir), Valtrex (valacyclovir), Famciclovir.

• #3 Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317701

  If a secondary bacterial infection develops in the area of a whitlow infection, antibiotics may also be necessary. […] If whitlow reappears, a doctor may prescribe suppressive antiviral medications, which a person takes daily. These may reduce the chances of future outbreaks. […] It is worth noting that while antiviral drugs can reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms, there is no cure for an HSV infection.

• #3 Herpetic Whitlow | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/herpetic-whitlow

  Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Ask your doctor if you can take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). […] Follow your doctor’s advice to care for your finger. If you did not get instructions: Wash the area with clean water 2 times a day. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, which can slow healing. […] You may cover the area with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, and a nonstick bandage.

• #3 Acute Hand Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0215/p228.html

  Herpetic whitlow is caused by herpes simplex virus and typically resolves without intervention. […] Mainstays of therapy for herpetic whitlow include reducing the risk of transmission, pain control, and consideration of antiviral medications. […] Primary herpetic whitlow is typically self-limited, with complete resolution within 21 days. However, off-label use of oral antivirals should be considered for patients with recurrent lesions or symptoms present for less than 48 hours, or for immunocompromised patients, who may develop disseminated disease requiring intravenous antiviral treatment and critical care. […] It is important to keep dressings over active lesions dry and to refrain from incision and drainage, which increases the likelihood of bacterial superinfection.

• #3 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Types Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22855-herpes-simplex

  Herpetic whitlow can cause blisters on your fingers, discolored skin around your fingernail, and swelling in your finger. […] Prescription antiviral medications are the main treatment for HSV infections. […] Treatment for oral and genital herpes falls into two categories: episodic therapy and chronic suppressive therapy. […] Episodic therapy is short-term treatment that targets a single episode (outbreak). […] Chronic suppressive therapy is when you take antiviral medications long-term. […] Specific medications your provider may prescribe include Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir. […] Chronic suppressive therapy can lower the number of outbreaks you experience by 70% to 80%.

• #3 Herpetic Whitlow: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-overview

  Herpetic whitlow is an intensely painful infection of the hand involving 1 or more fingers that typically affects the terminal phalanx. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the cause in approximately 60% of cases of herpetic whitlow, and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the cause in the remaining 40%. […] Patients should be advised that their prognosis for recovery is excellent and resolution should occur in 2-4 weeks. […] Patients should be advised that antiviral treatment during the initial outbreak may shorten the clinical course and may also lessen the possibility of recurrence which may be as high as 30-50%.

• #3 Paediatric recurrent herpetic whitlow

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3736177/

  Patients with mild disease may benefit from topical therapy, and those with severe and frequent recurrences may be considered for intermittent or long-term oral antiviral therapy. […] Lesions are self-limited; surgical interventions and raising concerns of child protection can be harmful and should be avoided. […] Recurrences occur as frequently as in adults.

• #3 Case report: palmar herpetic whitlow and forearm lymphangitis in a 10-year-old female | BMC Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-019-1828-5

  Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 or 2, and occurs in the pediatric population primarily on the fingers and toes due to autoinoculation from oral secretions. […] Herpetic whitlow should be included in the differential diagnosis of palmar lesions that appear vesicular or abscess-like to ensure appropriate treatment. Additionally, these palmar lesions may present with associated lymphangitis without evidence of bacterial infection. […] Pharmacological therapy is usually not necessary as the course is self-limiting. […] In cases of herpetic whitlow, incision and drainage is contraindicated for risk of viremia, secondary bacterial superinfection, and HSV encephalitis. […] Confirming the diagnosis of herpetic whitlow allowed us to provide adequate anticipatory guidance to the patient regarding the recurrence of these lesions and awareness of the prodromal phase during which treatment can be initiated.

• #3 Herpetic Whitlow vs. Dyshidrotic Eczema: What’s the Difference? | MyEczemaTeam

  https://www.myeczemateam.com/resources/herpetic-whitlow-vs-dyshidrotic-eczema-whats-the-difference

  Herpetic whitlow is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). This is the same virus that causes cold sores (oral herpes) or genital herpes. If the virus infects the skin on your fingers or hands, it can cause a painful, blistering rash. […] If you have herpetic whitlow, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to fight the viral infection. Antiviral medications can be taken orally (by mouth) or applied topically (to the skin). If you’re in pain, your doctor may also recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. […] Covering the rash may help protect the area and prevent spreading the infection to others.

• #3 Herpetic whitlow: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317701

  Herpetic whitlow, or whitlow finger, is a painful infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] This article explores the symptoms, causes, and treatment of herpetic whitlow, as well as the chances of reoccurrence. […] Without treatment, herpetic whitlow tends to go away in 24 weeks. To reduce the duration of the symptoms, a person can try antiviral medications. These limit the appearance of symptoms by up to 4 days. Antiviral medications also prevent the virus from spreading to other parts of the body. […] Antivirals that treat herpetic whitlow include: valacyclovir pills, acyclovir pills, famciclovir pills, acyclovir ointment. […] A key part of treatment involves easing symptoms. This might involve treating pain with an over-the-counter medication, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil).

• #3 Herpetic Whitlow: Understanding the Viral Finger Infection – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/health-topics/focused-health-topics/herpetic-whitlow-understanding-viral-finger-infection

• #4 Finger Infection: Treatment, Types, Causes, Pictures & Home Remedies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/finger_infection/article_em.htm

  Herpetic whitlow: A herpetic whitlow is an infection of the fingertip area caused by a virus. This is the most common viral infection of the hand. This infection is often misdiagnosed as a paronychia or felon. […] The offending viral organism is the herpes simplex virus type I or II. This is the same virus that causes oral or genital herpes infections. People in certain occupations are more at risk for this infection. These include dentists, dental hygienists, physicians, nurses, or any other person who may have contact with saliva or body fluids that contain the virus. People with oral or genital herpes may also infect their own fingers. […] Symptoms of herpetic whitlow include redness and tenderness of the fingertip area. A burning or itching sensation may be present in the area. There may be mild swelling but not as extensive as in the felon. There may be a single or many open wounds in the area affected. These open wounds often occur in clusters after the formation of a small blister-like lesion. The fluid in these lesions is usually clear in appearance but may be slightly cloudy. The affected individual may also have a low-grade fever and have swollen and tender lymph nodes in the area.

• #4 Herpetic Whitlow: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788056-overview

  Herpetic whitlow is an intensely painful infection of the hand involving 1 or more fingers that typically affects the terminal phalanx. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the cause in approximately 60% of cases of herpetic whitlow, and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the cause in the remaining 40%. […] Patients should be advised that their prognosis for recovery is excellent and resolution should occur in 2-4 weeks. […] Patients should be advised that antiviral treatment during the initial outbreak may shorten the clinical course and may also lessen the possibility of recurrence which may be as high as 30-50%.

• #4 Herpetic whitlow (whitlow finger) – Know Your Doctor

  https://www.knowyourdoctor.com.cy/medical/herpetic-whitlow-whitlow-finger/

  A herpetic whitlow may be treated with an antiviral drug such as aciclovir. You may be prescribed a five or seven day course of 200mg aciclovir to take five times a day or 400mg to take three times a day. But this is only worth taking if you start the treatment within 48 hours of symptoms starting. […] Antiviral drugs may help to heal a herpetic whitlow, but they do not get rid of the herpes simplex virus or prevent future outbreaks of herpes simplex viral infection. […] If a whitlow does return, it can be treated in the same way, with an antiviral drug. If the whitlow returns often, the antiviral drug can be given for long periods of time (years) to reduce the number of times it comes back. This suppressive antiviral treatment will also reduce both the severity of the whitlow and the length of time it takes to heal.

• #5 Herpetic Whitlow: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/herpetic-whitlow-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopx3h7aI4bp_x_bGuhQ3h3V2QDNbn8jkb7rxEPtzTwG_u3w5cyB

  Herpetic whitlow at times requires treatment with antiviral medications to mitigate the symptoms. […] The doctor prescribes antiviral medications to pacify the discomforting symptoms and also prevent the herpes virus infection from spreading to various other organs and tissues in the body. […] In addition, pain-relieving medicines are given to the patient to soothe tenderness in the fingertips and if a bacterial infection arises in the region, then antibiotics are also prescribed. […] These treatment methods help manage the pain and severity of symptoms, but there is no complete cure for infection with the herpes simplex virus/HSV the virus remains in the body and resides in an inactivated form in the nerve cells. […] Simple home remedies like covering the blisters on the fingers, steering clear of touching the infected areas of skin and washing hands regularly aid in resolving herpetic whitlow and rectify the swelling and pus-filled lumps in the fingers of the patient, thereby mitigating pain and discomfort.

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