Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Many people have sexual problems at some point. Some have them throughout their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. […] Symptoms vary depending on the type of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may include: Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of interest in sex and not wanting to have sex. Sexual arousal disorder. Even if you want sex, sometimes it may be hard to get or stay aroused during sex. Orgasmic disorder. You have ongoing trouble having an orgasm even with enough sexual arousal. Sexual pain disorder. You have pain when having sex.

• #1 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. […] Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. Lower estrogen leads to less blood flow to the pelvis. This can cause you to have less feeling in your genitals and to need more time to become aroused and reach orgasm. […] Not being sexually active can make this worse. These factors can lead to painful intercourse, called dyspareunia. Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. So can long-term stress, a history of sexual abuse, worries of pregnancy and the demands of having an infant. Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. So can cultural and religious issues and problems with body image.

• #2 Female sexual dysfunction // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Symptoms vary depending on the type of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may include: Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of interest in sex and not wanting to have sex. Sexual arousal disorder. Even if you want sex, sometimes it may be hard to get or stay aroused during sex. Orgasmic disorder. You have ongoing trouble having an orgasm even with enough sexual arousal. Sexual pain disorder. You have pain when having sex. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction.

• #2 Female sexual dysfunction – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Symptoms vary depending on the type of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may include: Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of interest in sex and not wanting to have sex. Sexual arousal disorder. Even if you want sex, sometimes it may be hard to get or stay aroused during sex. Orgasmic disorder. You have ongoing trouble having an orgasm even with enough sexual arousal. Sexual pain disorder. You have pain when having sex. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction.

• #2 Female sexual dysfunction – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer. Conditions of the spine and brain, called neurological. Examples are spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. Gynecological conditions, including infections. Certain medicines, such as those taken for depression or high blood pressure. Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner. A history of sexual abuse. Lack of privacy. […] Female sexual dysfunction has many possible symptoms and causes, so treatment varies. You need to tell your healthcare professional your concerns. […] Most often, a mix of treatments that includes medical, relationship and emotional issues works best. […] To treat sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional might suggest the following: Talk and listen. You need to talk openly with your partner to have a good sex life.

• #3 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Sexual dysfunction in women is common and often goes unreported and untreated. Its management is part of patient-centered primary care. Many women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, be it lack of desire, lack of arousal, failure to achieve orgasm, or pain during sexual activity. The age-adjusted prevalence of sexual dysfunction in US women was reported at 44% in the Prevalence of Female Sexual Problems Associated With Distress and Determinants of Treatment Seeking (PRESIDE) study, but the prevalence of distress associated with sexual dysfunction was 12%. The most common type of sexual dysfunction reported by women was low sexual desire, a finding consistent with that of another large population-based study. While the prevalence of any type of sexual dysfunction was highest in women over age 65, the prevalence of distress was lowest in this age group and highest in midlife between the ages of 45 and 65. Sexual dysfunction negatively affects quality of life and emotional health, regardless of age.

• #4 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a subjective dissatisfaction, leading to significant distress, with the level or nature of sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction in women is a common problem and can significantly affect relationships and quality of life. […] Low or absent sexual desire is the most common sexual dysfunction in women, and its prevalence peaks during midlife. […] The most frequently reported symptoms include low sexual desire (40-55%), poor lubrication (25-30%) and dyspareunia (12-45%), one of the complications of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). […] Sexual function is closely correlated with overall well-being and relationship satisfaction. Most women continue to consider sexual function important as they age. However, 45% of midlife women have sexual problems, and 15% have a sexual problem that causes significant personal distress.

• #5 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-females-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-evaluation

  Sexual problems are reported by approximately 40 percent of females worldwide, and approximately 12 percent (one in every eight females) have a sexual problem associated with personal or interpersonal distress. […] Female sexual dysfunction refers to a sexual problem associated with personal distress. It takes different forms, including lack of sexual desire, impaired arousal, inability to achieve orgasm, or pain with sexual activity. Sexual dysfunction may be a problem since the start of sexual activity or may be acquired later in life after a period of normal sexual functioning. […] The epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of female sexual dysfunction will be reviewed here.

• #6 Causes and Types of Female Sexual Dysfunction | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/obstetrics-and-gynecology/programs-and-services/gynecology/programs-services/center-for-intimate-health-and-wellness/types-of-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction is when a woman experiences persistent issues related to: […] Having pain during sex activity […] Hypoactive (low) sexual desire disorder having low or absent desire for sexual intimacy that causes distress […] Having reduced or excessive arousal of genital organs […] Female orgasmic disorder having reduced or absent orgasm during sexual activity that causes distress […] Having decreased overall satisfaction with sexual function. […] Common underlying causes can include pregnancy, surgery, cancer, diabetes, menopausal changes, anxiety, depression, trauma, and even medications. […] Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) […] Vulvodynia, when there is chronic pain affecting the labia, clitoris and vaginal opening […] Noncoital sexual pain, or genital pain that occurs at times other than sexual intercourse.

• #7 Sexual dysfunction in women: Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexual-dysfunction-in-women

  Sexual dysfunction in females can manifest itself in a range of ways. Females can experience pain during sex, a low libido, difficulty getting pleasure from sex, and difficulty having an orgasm. […] In females, sexual dysfunction can cause difficulty with: […] A low libido can be a form of sexual dysfunction if it causes someone distress. […] This is when a person wants to have sex, but their body and mind have difficulty preparing for it. […] Some conditions cause pain in or around the genitals, making it difficult to have sex. […] A person might be able to have sex but have trouble reaching orgasm even when they are enjoying it. […] The clinical definition of female sexual dysfunction, and the disorders that fall under this umbrella term, have shifted over time. […] Many things can affect a persons level of desire and arousal.

• #7 Sexual dysfunction in women: Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexual-dysfunction-in-women

  As with the other forms of female sexual dysfunction, many factors can contribute to it, including hormone changes, relationship issues, and underlying diseases. […] The treatment for female sexual dysfunction depends on the cause, or causes, of the symptoms. […] Sometimes, there is a single, treatable cause for sexual dysfunction in females. In other cases, a person may need to speak with several medical professionals to address physical, psychological, or social factors that are contributing. […] With the right support and treatment, many people can notice improvements in their sexual experiences and intimate relationships.

• #8 Female Sexual Dysfunction & Sexual Arousal Disorders | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Lack of sexual arousal: Even if you’re interested in sex, you may have trouble getting or staying physically aroused. Some women with this symptom don’t produce enough vaginal lubrication. […] Difficulties with orgasm: Some women never have orgasms (sexual climax) during sexual activity, and aren’t bothered by it. However, other women: Want to experience orgasms but never have; Had orgasms in the past but are no longer able to do so; Notice that their orgasms are significantly less intense than they used to be. […] You may have a higher risk of developing female sexual dysfunction during periods of your life when your hormones fluctuate significantly. […] Female sexual dysfunction diagnosis is determined by different physical exams, a conversation about your sexual history, and blood tests.

• #9 Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.drtahery.com/female-sexual-arousal-disorder-symptoms-and-treatments

  Female sexual arousal disorder (FSIAD) occurs when your body isnt responding to sexual stimulation. However, the experience can be different for each woman. […] The telltale sign that a woman is experiencing FSIAD is that she is noticing a pronounced decrease in sexual interest and pleasure. While symptoms are on a spectrum, its not uncommon for women with FSIAD to experience a complete absence of mental and physical arousal. Other symptoms of female sexual arousal disorder can include: Reduction in sex drive. Never thinking about sex. Decreased arousal when attempting to engage in sexual activity. Lack of arousal in response to intimate physical touch. Lack of arousal in response to sexual stimulation of any kind. Infrequently initiating sexual activity with a partner. Reduced or dulled sensations in the genitals. No increase of blood flow to the genitals when attempting arousal. Vaginal dryness when attempting arousal.

• #10 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/sexual-health/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Common symptoms of orgasmic disorder include: Absent orgasm, Difficulty achieving orgasm, Decreased intensity of orgasms. These symptoms are present despite having adequate arousal and ongoing stimulation. […] Common symptoms of sexual pain disorder include: Pain with sexual arousal or stimulation, Pain with vaginal contact or attempted or completed vaginal penetration, Pain with intercourse, Tightening of the vaginal muscles that doesn’t allow penetration or inability to relax them enough to allow penetration. […] If these symptoms are persistent or recurrent and are causing you distress, see your doctor. To reach a female sexual dysfunction diagnosis, your doctor will need to explore physical and psychological causes.

• #10 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/sexual-health/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction symptoms can vary depending on the phase of sexual function that is most affected. Commonly, women with FSD have symptoms that overlap between disorders. This happens because one disorder often contributes to another. It can be less useful to try to separate the disorders and more helpful to focus on what a woman perceives as the most problematic symptoms. […] Common symptoms of sexual desire/interest disorder include: Absence of responsive desire or the readiness to have sex with your partner, Absent or decreased sexual thoughts and fantasies, Absent or decreased desire or interest in having sex. […] Common symptoms of sexual arousal disorder include: Absent or decreased engorgement—or swelling of the clitoris and vaginal walls, Absent or decreased lubricating vaginal secretions, Desire, or the feeling of sexual excitement may be intact or missing.

• #11 Orgasmic dysfunction in women: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001953.htm

  Orgasmic dysfunction is when a woman either cannot reach orgasm, or has trouble reaching orgasm when she is sexually excited. […] The symptoms of orgasmic dysfunction include: Being unable to reach orgasm, Taking longer than you want to reach orgasm, Having only unsatisfying orgasms. […] Women do better when treatment involves learning sexual techniques or a method called desensitization. This treatment works to gradually decrease the response that causes lack of orgasms. Desensitization is helpful for women with significant sexual anxiety.

• #12

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/male-female-sexual-dysfunction-signs

  Inability to achieve orgasm. […] Vaginal dryness. […] Dyspareunia – Pain with sexual intercourse that may be due to spasm of the vaginal muscle or inflammation of the vulva (vulvodynia).

• #13 Causes and Types of Female Sexual Dysfunction | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/obstetrics-and-gynecology/programs-and-services/gynecology/programs-services/center-for-intimate-health-and-wellness/types-of-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction is when a woman experiences persistent issues related to: […] Having pain during sex activity […] Hypoactive (low) sexual desire disorder having low or absent desire for sexual intimacy that causes distress […] Having reduced or excessive arousal of genital organs […] Female orgasmic disorder having reduced or absent orgasm during sexual activity that causes distress […] Having decreased overall satisfaction with sexual function. […] Common underlying causes can include pregnancy, surgery, cancer, diabetes, menopausal changes, anxiety, depression, trauma, and even medications. […] Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) […] Vulvodynia, when there is chronic pain affecting the labia, clitoris and vaginal opening […] Noncoital sexual pain, or genital pain that occurs at times other than sexual intercourse.

• #14 What Is Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sexual-health/female-sexual-interest-and-arousal-disorder/guide/

  Female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD), formerly known as sexual arousal disorder in women, is a type of sexual dysfunction or problem in which there is little to no interest in sexual activity and no response to physical or mental stimulation. […] According to the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), symptoms include: A reduction or complete lack of arousal response from psychological cues, reading erotica, or remembering a fantasy; A decrease in sexual desire; Limited or no initiation of sexual intimacy in a relationship; A reduction or no sensation in the genitals; Limited or no sexual pleasure during sex; Rarely or never thinking about sex. […] A person must have at least three of the symptoms mentioned above to be diagnosed with FSIAD. In addition, symptoms must persist for at least six months or more, cause them personal distress, or impact their mental health, notes the Sexual Psychophysiology Lab at the University of Texas at Austin.

• #15 Female Sexual Dysfunction Test – Free Confidential Results Online | Mind Diagnostics

  https://www.mind-diagnostics.org/female_sexual_dysfunction-test

  Lack of Sexual Desire: A significant and persistent lack of interest in sexual activity, often referred to as low libido, is one of the most common symptoms. Women experiencing this may have few or no sexual fantasies and little interest in initiating or engaging in sexual activity. […] Difficulty with Arousal: Some women may have the desire for sexual activity but struggle to become aroused or maintain arousal during intercourse. This can lead to frustration and impact sexual satisfaction. […] Difficulty Reaching Orgasm: An inability to achieve orgasm despite sufficient stimulation is another key symptom. This can leave women feeling unfulfilled and dissatisfied with their sexual experiences. […] Pain or Discomfort During Intercourse: Painful sensations during sexual activity, often referred to as dyspareunia, are a common symptom of female sexual dysfunction. This pain may occur during penetration or as a result of stimulation.

• #16 What is Female Sexual Arousal Disorder | New Age Women’s Health

  https://www.toplinemd.com/new-age-womens-health/what-is-female-sexual-arousal-disorder/

  Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain sexual arousal during sexual activity. […] The symptoms of FSAD may vary from woman to woman. Some common symptoms of FSAD include: Difficulty becoming sexually aroused, Inability to maintain sexual arousal during sexual activity, Lack of vaginal lubrication, Decreased clitoral sensitivity, Decreased genital sensation, Reduced blood flow to the genital area, Difficulty achieving orgasm, Painful intercourse. […] Female sexual arousal disorder is a common type of sexual dysfunction that can affect women of all ages. The disorder is characterized by the persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain sexual arousal during sexual activity. FSAD can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life and relationships.

• #17 Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/female-sexual-arousal-disorder

  Female sexual arousal disorder occurs when the body doesnt respond to sexual stimulation. […] FSIAD is one of several conditions that fall under the umbrella of sexual dysfunction, which also includes: […] About 40 percent of women experience some type of sexual dysfunction, such as FSIAD, in their life. […] For many women, the symptoms of FSIAD come and go. Some have symptoms every time they try to have intercourse or engage in sexual activity. Others may only experience them occasionally. […] Symptoms of FSIAD include: […] You may begin to lose interest in sex. While this can be due to lack of arousal, it may also be a symptom of stress and anxiety from having FSIAD. […] You may rarely think about sex. […] You may not initiate sex and may be unreceptive to a partners attempts to initiate sex.

• #18 Female Orgasmic Disorder – Gynecology and Obstetrics – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/female-sexual-function-and-dysfunction/female-orgasmic-disorder

  Female orgasmic disorder involves orgasm that is absent, infrequent, markedly diminished in intensity, or markedly delayed in response to stimulation despite normal levels of subjective arousal. […] Women with orgasmic disorder may have other types of sexual dysfunction (eg, dyspareunia, pelvic floor dysfunction). Anxiety disorders and depression are also more common among women with this disorder. […] Diagnosis of orgasmic disorder is clinical, based on criteria in the DSM-5-TR: Delayed, infrequent, or absent orgasm or markedly decreased intensity of orgasm after a normal sexual arousal phase on all or almost all occasions of sexual activity. […] Symptoms must have been present for 6 months. […] Currently, no data suggest that any medication is efficacious in the treatment of female orgasmic disorder.

• #19 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Female sexual arousal disorder is the persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual excitement. Sexual arousal results from a complex interaction between genital response, central nervous system activity, and information processing of the sexual stimulus. Female orgasmic disorder is the marked delay, marked infrequency, or absence of orgasm, or markedly reduced intensity of orgasm. […] The DSM-5 describes genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder as fear or anxiety, marked tightening or tensing of abdominal and pelvic muscles, or actual pain with vaginal penetration that is recurrent or persistent for a minimum of 6 months. Pain may occur with initial penetration, with deeper thrusting, or both.

• #19 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Sexual dysfunction in women is common and often goes unreported and untreated. Its management is part of patient-centered primary care. Many women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, be it lack of desire, lack of arousal, failure to achieve orgasm, or pain during sexual activity. The age-adjusted prevalence of sexual dysfunction in US women was reported at 44% in the Prevalence of Female Sexual Problems Associated With Distress and Determinants of Treatment Seeking (PRESIDE) study, but the prevalence of distress associated with sexual dysfunction was 12%. The most common type of sexual dysfunction reported by women was low sexual desire, a finding consistent with that of another large population-based study. While the prevalence of any type of sexual dysfunction was highest in women over age 65, the prevalence of distress was lowest in this age group and highest in midlife between the ages of 45 and 65. Sexual dysfunction negatively affects quality of life and emotional health, regardless of age.

• #20 Sexual Dysfunction in Women: A Practical Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0815/p281.html

  Delayed or less intense orgasms may be related to decreased genital blood flow and dulled genital sensations occurring naturally with aging. […] In the DSM-5, vaginismus and dyspareunia are combined in genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. This disorder of sexual pain is defined as fear or anxiety, marked tightening or tensing of the abdominal and pelvic muscles, or actual pain with vaginal penetration that is persistent or recurrent for at least six months. […] Female genital sexual pain disorders are complex and most effectively managed with a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that addresses contributing biopsychosocial factors. […] Sexual pain with deeper vaginal penetration suggests the possibility of a musculoskeletal component. […] Group cognitive behavior therapy may be effective for low sexual desire. […] Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to effectively treat several types of female sexual dysfunction, including low sexual desire and arousal, and acquired anorgasmia.

• #20 Sexual Dysfunction in Women: A Practical Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0815/p281.html

  The etiology of female sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, encompassing biological, psychological, relational, and sociocultural factors. […] The most common psychological factors impacting female sexual function are depression, anxiety, distraction, negative body image, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. […] Sexual dysfunction induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use is common, with an incidence between 30% and 70%, and may include difficulty with sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm. […] Orgasmic difficulties may be lifelong (present since sexual debut) or acquired (starting after a period of no dysfunction). […] Lifelong anorgasmia may suggest the patient is unfamiliar or uncomfortable with self-stimulation or sexual communication with her partner, or lacks adequate sex education.

• #21 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms Causes & Treatment

  https://forumhealth.com/blog/7-most-common-sexual-problems-in-women/

  Even if you’re fully aroused but cannot climax, this describes female orgasmic disorder and is the most common issue in sexual dysfunction among women. […] Low libido describes a decrease in sexual desire. […] GSM describes various menopausal symptoms that include genital and sexual dysfunction (such as dryness, burning or irritation, or lack of lubrication or pain), that can greatly interfere with sex. […] Changes in estrogen levels, particularly post-childbirth or during the stages of menopause, can decrease blood flow to the genitals, creating desensitization of the area, making it much harder to achieve arousal and climax. […] Certain medications can create side effects of low libido or other sexual dysfunction issues. […] Vaginismus is a painful fear reaction where the vagina spasms upon anything penetrating it.

• #21 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms Causes & Treatment

  https://forumhealth.com/blog/7-most-common-sexual-problems-in-women/

  Hormonal concerns, specifically related to perimenopause and menopause, can cause a slew of sexual concerns, such as burning, dryness, irritation, or pain during intercourse resulting from lower levels of estrogen, which cause less blood flow and sensitivity to the area. […] Certain medical conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse, vaginismus, and vaginal dryness can create issues around intimacy. […] Anxiety, depression, and unaddressed trauma (specifically sexual trauma), can contribute to sexual dysfunction, as well as cultural and religious beliefs (coming from yourself or your family/community). […] Depression, anxiety, trauma (especially sexual trauma), relationship issues, and other psychological concerns can greatly contribute to sexual dysfunction among women. […] When looking at sexual dysfunction in women, it’s smart to look at it through a multifaceted lens.

• #21 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms Causes & Treatment

  https://forumhealth.com/blog/7-most-common-sexual-problems-in-women/

  Dyspareunia, the medical term that describes pain during sex, refers to discomfort that can happen before, during, or after sex that can happen in the vulva or deeper in the pelvis. […] If you or a loved one are experiencing any signs of sexual dysfunction, it’s important to talk to your doctor. […] It’s important to consult with a doctor if you’re experiencing any symptoms of sexual dysfunction. […] There are many causes of sexual dysfunction in females, including pain or trauma to the pelvic area (that includes childbirth), hormonal changes that typically come with age or pregnancy and post-childbirth, medical conditions or medications, and psychological factors.

• #22 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500107-overview

  Female sexual problems are common, although estimated prevalence varies greatly depending on who is asked and how the question is framed. The definition of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) and female orgasmic disorder and genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder. To be considered dysfunctional, these symptoms must cause distress and must occur at least 75% of the time over a 6-month period. This definition has been in place since the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. Thus, incidence and prevalence data based on this definition are developing. […] Possible causes of FSD are diverse and overlapping, and the initial etiology is sometimes an enormous challenge to discern. Etiologies include organic elements such as hormonal, neurologic, and vascular problems, as well as psychosocial factors such as relationship issues, social stressors, mood, history of physical or sexual abuse, and psychiatric history.

• #22 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500107-overview

  Prognosis is greatly dependent on the underlying etiology, the ability for the patient and partner to recognize the underlying problem, and the compliance of the couple with treatment. Although therapies exist for all types of sexual dysfunction, the prognosis is different depending on the severity of the dysfunction and the underlying etiologies. Prognosis may also vary based on whether the dysfunction is primary or secondary, and whether it is situational or generalized. […] It is important for patients to understand that sexual function is a part of womens health, that normal sexual function is different from one person to the next, and that misinformation and lack of education are common barriers to discussing the topic. Many patients lack the language or the knowledge needed to openly and comfortably engage in working through this problem.

• #23 Female sexual dysfunction | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Symptoms vary depending on the type of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may include: Low sexual desire. This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of interest in sex and not wanting to have sex. Sexual arousal disorder. Even if you want sex, sometimes it may be hard to get or stay aroused during sex. Orgasmic disorder. You have ongoing trouble having an orgasm even with enough sexual arousal. Sexual pain disorder. You have pain when having sex. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction.

• #23 Female sexual dysfunction | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. Lower estrogen leads to less blood flow to the pelvis. This can cause you to have less feeling in your genitals and to need more time to become aroused and reach orgasm. […] Not being sexually active can make this worse. These factors can lead to painful intercourse, called dyspareunia. Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. So can long-term stress, a history of sexual abuse, worries of pregnancy and the demands of having an infant. […] Sexual dysfunction is a problem only if it bothers you. If it doesn’t bother you, you don’t need treatment. But if your sexual dysfunction hurts your relationship with your partner, then seeing a counselor or therapist together may be helpful.

• #24 Overview of Sexual Function and Dysfunction in Women – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women/overview-of-sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women

  A woman’s sexual response is strongly influenced by her mental health and by the quality of her relationship with her partner. Initial desire typically lessens with age but increases with a new partner at any age. […] After menopause, changes in the vagina and urinary tract (called genitourinary syndrome of menopause) can affect sexual function. For example, the tissues of the vagina can become thin, dry, and inelastic after menopause because estrogen levels decrease. This condition, called vulvovaginal atrophy (or atrophic vaginitis), can make intercourse painful. […] Vaginal secretions are reduced, providing less lubrication during sexual intercourse. […] Many older women are interested in sex. Older women should not assume that sexual dysfunction is normal for older age. If sexual dysfunction is bothering them, they should talk to their doctor. In many cases, treating a health condition (including depression), stopping or substituting a medication, learning more about sexual function, or talking to a health care professional or counselor can help.

• #24 Overview of Sexual Function and Dysfunction in Women – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women/overview-of-sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women

  Sexual dysfunction in women includes pain during intercourse, involuntary painful contractions (spasms) of the muscles around the vagina (vaginismus), lack of interest in sex (low libido), and problems with arousal or orgasm. For a sexual dysfunction disorder to be diagnosed, these problems must cause distress to the woman. […] Women commonly have concerns about sexual function. If the problems are severe enough to cause distress, they may be considered sexual dysfunction. Approximately 12% of women in the United States have sexual dysfunction. […] Female sexual dysfunction can be characterized by at least one of the following: Pain during sexual activities, Loss of sexual desire, Impaired arousal, Inability to achieve orgasm. […] Often, women with sexual dysfunction have features of more than one specific issue. For example, women who have pain during sex or have difficulty becoming aroused usually enjoy sex less and may have difficulty reaching orgasm.

• #25 Female Sexual Dysfunction

  https://www.webmd.com/women/sexual-dysfunction-women

  Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among women. Almost half of all women have persistent problems with sex, such as little or no sex drive, trouble reaching an orgasm, or pain during intercourse. […] Heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, nerve conditions such as multiple sclerosis, and even simple fatigue can make sex uncomfortable or painful. They can make it hard for you to get aroused or climax during sex. […] Scarring from surgery or radiation treatment in your vaginal opening or in other parts of your genital area also can change your sexual experience. So can infections such as genital herpes. […] Other possible causes include hormonal imbalance or physical changes related to: Pregnancy (you may have sex less often or find it uncomfortable, especially during the third trimester), Childbirth (your genitals may be less sensitive, you may have had a difficult delivery), Breastfeeding (low estrogen levels may lead to vaginal dryness, you may lack energy for sex), Menopause (vaginal dryness, lack of libido).

• #25 Female Sexual Dysfunction

  https://www.webmd.com/women/sexual-dysfunction-women

  The right mood and a healthy, respectful connection with your partner play an important role in sexual intimacy. But there may be factors that leave you feeling self-conscious, fearful, or uninterested. Reasons may include: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Past sexual abuse, Low self-esteem. […] Some medications can make sex less pleasurable, dampen sex drive, or cause vaginal discomfort. Types of medications include: High blood pressure drugs, Antidepressants, Antipsychotic medications, Epilepsy drugs, Certain cancer drugs, Medication for urinary tract infection, Steroids. […] Medical treatments may include: Drugs to raise low libido (desire for sex), Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles to help achieve better orgasm, Anti-inflammatory drugs to take before intercourse to lower pain.

• #26 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/?srsltid=AfmBOoox_AJKXXG2-cfMPZmVMLZbd0QRyCH6pK_Y5eHcrrQP127dxFHU

  Medical treatment can vary based on the nature of the sexual dysfunction that a person is experiencing, but may include topical or systemic hormone therapy, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, or psychiatric medications such as antidepressants. […] Normal sexual function requires the vascular, neurological, hormonal, and psychological systems to function together. As such, issues with any of these symptoms may produce issues with sexual function. […] Physiological causes of sexual dysfunction can include issues with the genitourinary, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological, and endocrine systems. Emotional, psychological, and cultural causes can include the use of libido-affecting medications, anxiety and depression, traumatic experience, a sexually repressive cultural environment, poor body image, fatigue, and substance abuse.

• #26 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.

  https://examine.com/conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/?srsltid=AfmBOoox_AJKXXG2-cfMPZmVMLZbd0QRyCH6pK_Y5eHcrrQP127dxFHU

  Chronic stress, depression, and anxiety may all contribute to sexual dysfunction. When stress levels go up, hormones like cortisol and epinephrine are released, which can diminish sex drive and libido. […] During menopause, the decline in estrogen and testosterone can diminish ones sex drive, arousal, and interest in sex. However, not all postmenopausal women report a loss of sex drive and, in fact, lower levels of stress and anxiety due to motherhood may actually lead to improved intimacy and libido during this stage of life. Low estrogen levels do contribute to vulvovaginal atrophy (characterized by dryness, itching, irritation, and reduced vaginal lubrication), reduced vaginal blood flow, and the capacity for arousal and orgasm.

• #27 Predictors of female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and qualitative analysis through gender inequality paradigms | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-018-0602-4

  Female sexual dysfunction affects 41% of reproductive-age women worldwide, making it a highly prevalent medical issue. […] Consistently significant risk factors of female sexual dysfunction were: poor physical health, poor mental health, stress, abortion, genitourinary problems, female genital mutilation, relationship dissatisfaction, sexual abuse, and being religious. […] The sexual and reproductive lives of women are highly impacted by female sexual dysfunction, and a number of biological, psychological and social factors play a role in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction. […] Significant risk factors which were consistent in all domains of female sexual dysfunction were: poor physical health, poor mental health, poor partner health, partner unemployment, low education of partner, stress, abortion, menopause, genitourinary problems, female genital mutilation, relationship dissatisfaction, sexual dysfunction of partner, sexual abuse, and being religious.

• #28 Sexual dysfunction in women – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/352

  Sexual dysfunction in women of all sexual orientations correlates most strongly with poor mental health and with negative feelings for the partner(s), rather than with any serum hormone (or hormone metabolite) levels. […] Normal changes with age and relationship duration must not be mistaken for desire/interest disorder. […] The most common syndrome is lack of initial desire, little subjective arousal (mental sexual excitement) such that desire is not triggered during any portion of the sexual engagement, and infrequent or no orgasm. […] There are three criteria for diagnosing a sexual disorder: symptoms need to have persisted for a minimum of 6 months, they need to have been experienced in all or almost all (75% to 100%) sexual encounters, and to have caused clinically significant distress.

• #29 Signs of Sexual Dysfunction in Women – Shady Grove Gyn Care

  https://shadygrovegyncare.com/blog/signs-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-women/

  Physical or health problems can often cause a lack of sexual desire and your body’s ability to experience an orgasm. Possible medical conditions that may be held responsible are cancer, kidney failure, heart disease, bladder problems and multiple sclerosis. […] Many medications also play a part. Including antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, antihistamines and blood pressure medication may decrease your body’s desire or ability to reach orgasm.

• #30 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  In recent years, many studies have documented the prevalence of FSIAD based on the standardized definition defined in DSM-IV-TR, with emphasis on the inclusion of the presence of distress. […] The duration of the problem should be established during the assessment, including whether the symptoms have been lifelong or acquired and whether they are situational or generalized. […] Patients with FSIAD tend to have a good prognosis if diagnosed promptly and adequately treated. […] FSIAD, if not promptly diagnosed and treated, may result in a low quality of life, poor affect, low self-esteem, low happiness and satisfaction with partners, emotional distress, and overall dissatisfaction.

• #30 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD), previously termed hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual arousal disorder, is a prevalent condition that primarily affects older and postmenopausal women. FSIAD encompasses a lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest/arousal, often leading to distress or interpersonal difficulties. […] This condition is frequently underdiagnosed due to sociocultural barriers and limited clinician understanding. Diagnostic criteria include several symptoms, such as reduced sexual thoughts or fantasies, decreased initiation of sexual activity, and diminished sexual pleasure. […] The prevalence of FSIAD ranges from 7.4% in women older than 65 to as high as 12.3% among women between 45 and 64. […] FSIAD is the most common female sexual dysfunction.

• #31 Overview of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/female-sexual-function-and-dysfunction/overview-of-female-sexual-function-and-dysfunction

  Almost all women with sexual dysfunction have features of more than one disorder. For example, genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder often leads to sexual interest/arousal disorder; impaired arousal may make sex less enjoyable or even painful, decreasing the likelihood of orgasm and subsequent sexual desire. However, pain during intercourse due to impaired lubrication may occur as an isolated symptom in women with a high level of sexual desire, interest, and subjective arousal. […] Female sexual disorders may be secondarily categorized as lifelong or acquired; situation-specific or generalized; and mild, moderate, or severe based on the degree of distress it causes the woman.

• #32 ACOG Guidance: Female Sexual Dysfunction – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2023/06/21/acog-guidance-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Female sexual dysfunction is relatively prevalent. Approximately 43% of American women report sexual problems. However, women are unlikely to report sexual dysfunction with providers unless asked. Dysfunction includes various conditions which report personal distress in one or more of the following areas: desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain. […] Symptoms must result in significant personal distress. Women often experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction simultaneously. […] Diagnoses made according to the DSM-5 classified female sexual dysfunction when symptoms persist for at least 6 months. A person may still benefit from evaluation and treatment even if their symptoms do not meet DSM-5 criteria.

• #33 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-females-management

  Sexual problems are highly prevalent in females. In the United States, approximately 40 percent of females have sexual concerns, and 12 percent report distressing sexual problems. Female sexual dysfunction takes different forms, including lack of sexual desire, impaired arousal, inability to achieve orgasm, pain with sexual activity, or a combination of these issues. Treatment must be tailored to the sexual dysfunction diagnosis or diagnoses and to underlying physical, psychological, and relationship factors. […] Female sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, often with several different etiologies contributing to the problem. Nonetheless, careful evaluation and use of available therapies can improve sexual function for many patients. […] Most patients with sexual concerns have clinical issues that impact more than one aspect of sexual function. The problem may involve more than one phase of the normal sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm), sexual pain, or a general decrease in sexual satisfaction. As an example, if a patient complains of decreased libido, a full evaluation may also reveal issues with arousal or pain.

• #34 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in older women. Many women experience a change in their sexual function during the years immediately before and after menopause. Common complaints include a loss of desire, diminished responsiveness and low sexual arousal. […] Sexual dysfunction, like erectile dysfunction in men, is related to the severity of CVD. CVD has an effect on arousal/desire, sensitivity of the clitoris and vaginal labia, and orgasm. […] Sexual difficulties in chronic pain are frequent and wide-ranging. Prevalence rates of sexual difficulties consistently range from 50-78%. […] The prevalence of FSD among pregnant women is reported in 50-80% of women, mainly in the first and third trimesters. […] Irrespective of the type of delivery, short-term postpartum sexual changes, such as dyspareunia and loss of desire, are highly prevalent in postpartum women.

• #34 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a subjective dissatisfaction, leading to significant distress, with the level or nature of sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction in women is a common problem and can significantly affect relationships and quality of life. […] Low or absent sexual desire is the most common sexual dysfunction in women, and its prevalence peaks during midlife. […] The most frequently reported symptoms include low sexual desire (40-55%), poor lubrication (25-30%) and dyspareunia (12-45%), one of the complications of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). […] Sexual function is closely correlated with overall well-being and relationship satisfaction. Most women continue to consider sexual function important as they age. However, 45% of midlife women have sexual problems, and 15% have a sexual problem that causes significant personal distress.

• #34 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  The factors associated with an increased risk of FSD include increasing age, menopause (including premature ovarian failure), the postpartum period, genital surgery, genital atrophy, genital mutilation, sexual abuse, psychological factors, relationship problems, alcohol, substance use disorders, smoking, and obesity.

• #35 Sexual dysfunction – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction

  The most prevalent of female sexual dysfunctions that have been linked to menopause include lack of desire and libido; these are predominantly associated with hormonal physiology. Specifically, the decline in serum estrogens causes these changes in sexual functioning. Androgen depletion may also play a role, but current knowledge about this is less clear. The hormonal changes that take place during the menopausal transition have been suggested to affect women’s sexual response through several mechanisms, some more conclusive than others. […] Whether or not aging directly affects women’s sexual functioning during menopause is controversial. However, many studies have demonstrated that aging has a powerful impact on sexual function and dysfunction in women, specifically in the areas of desire, sexual interest, and frequency of orgasm. The primary predictor of sexual response throughout menopause is prior sexual functioning, which means that it is important to understand how the physiological changes in men and women can affect sexual desire. Despite the apparent negative impact that menopause can have on sexuality and sexual functioning, sexual confidence and well-being can improve with age and menopausal status.

• #36 Sexual Dysfunction: Disorders, Causes, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction

  Some types of sexual dysfunction affect males more than females. Conversely, some types of sexual dysfunction affect females more than males. […] In females: Inability to achieve orgasm (anorgasmia). Vaginal dryness before and during intercourse. This could be due to vaginal atrophy. Inability to relax your vaginal muscles enough to allow for intercourse (vaginismus). […] Sexual dysfunction can affect anyone at any age, although its more common in people over 40. Sexual dysfunction affects between 30% and 40% of people at some point in their lives. […] The success of treatment for sexual dysfunction depends on the underlying cause of the problem. The outlook is generally good, with most people returning to a healthy and pleasant sex life after treatment.

• #37 Sexual Dysfunction in MS Fact Sheet | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/neurological/depts/multiple-sclerosis/ms-approaches/sexual-dysfunction-ms

  Sexual dysfunction is a common symptom of MS. However, it is an underappreciated condition that often goes unreported by both the patient and clinician. Sexual dysfunction can affect a persons mood, relationships, daily functioning, and quality of life. […] Common problems related to sexual functioning in this population include decreases in genital sensation, decreases in libido and vaginal lubrication, erectile dysfunction, and difficulties with orgasm. […] For women, the most common presentations include orgasmic dysfunction, loss of libido, inadequate vaginal lubrication, and genital numbness. […] A survey of MS patients (n=5868) found that 67.2% of participants endorsed sexual dysfunction symptoms that were present always or almost always in the previous six months. Moreover, a clinical sample from the Mellen Center revealed that 60% of patients endorsed some form of sexual dysfunction (n=105).

• #38 MS and Sexual Dysfunction | National MS SocietyNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoOpen search

  https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/sexual-problems

  Numbness, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction and loss of libido: these are some of the ways that multiple sclerosis can impact your sex life. […] The most common problem for women with MS is low desire, but they may also experience issues with lubrication, lack of sensation, difficulties with arousal, difficulties reaching orgasm and sexual pain. […] All people living with MS may experience difficulty achieving orgasm or loss of libido. […] Women may experience reduced sensation in the vaginal/clitoral area, painfully heightened sensation and vaginal dryness.

• #39 What is female arousal disorder? Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/female-arousal-disorder

  Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) is a type of sexual dysfunction. A person with the condition may experience a lack of sexual desire, a lack of physical arousal, or both. […] FSIAD describes a loss or significant reduction in sexual desire or physical arousal in females. […] A 2016 meta-analysis suggests that around 40.9% of premenopausal women worldwide experience at least one type of sexual dysfunction. Of those, 28% reported low sexual desire. […] According to the DSM-5, a person must have three of the following symptoms to have FSIAD: reduced or no interest in sex, few or no thoughts about sex, decreased sexual arousal or pleasure during sexual activity, reduced or no arousal in response to visual, written, or verbal cues, infrequent or no initiation of sexual activity within a relationship, reduced or no sensations in the genitals.

• #40 Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/female-sexual-arousal-disorder/

  To receive an FSIAD diagnosis, at least three of the following symptoms have to be present (FDA, 2014): Reduced or no interest in sexual activity […] Reduced or no sexual thoughts […] Reduced or no initiation of sexual activity (and typically unreceptive to a partner’s attempts) […] Reduced or no sexual excitement/pleasure during sex (75%+ of the time) […] Reduced or no sexual interest in erotic cues (written, verbal, or visual) […] Reduced or no genital (or other) sensations during sex (75%+ of the time). […] A diagnosis also requires that symptoms cause significant distress, last six months or longer, and cannot be explained by other issues like substance abuse, medications, or a separate medical condition. […] The exact cause of FSIAD is not well understood, but a range of medical, psychological, and lifestyle factors have been linked to problems with sexual interest and desire (Faubion, 2015).

• #40 Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: Symptoms, Treatments | RoRoRo

  https://ro.co/health-guide/female-sexual-arousal-disorder/

  Certain medical conditions and medications can cause side effects that lead to reduced desire or arousal, including: Hormonal conditions (menopause, pregnancy, post-partum) […] Decreased vaginal lubrication […] Gynecological conditions […] Bladder or vaginal infection […] Heart disease or hypertension […] Diabetes […] Antidepressants (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) […] Anti-seizure medications […] Beta-blockers […] Antipsychotic medications […] Birth control pills (hormone changes may affect desire). […] Aside from physical or pharmaceutical causes of FSIAD, situational and psychological factors or social conditions may be the cause, including: Stress/anxiety […] Depression […] Relationship problems […] Cultural messages about sex […] Low self-esteem

• #41 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Women with disorders of desire are difficult to treat. Occasionally, decreased desire in patients is secondary to boredom with sexual routines. […] Disorders of desire in premenopausal patients may be secondary to lifestyle factors (e.g., careers, children), medications or another sexual dysfunction (e.g., pain or orgasmic disorder). […] Current treatment of patients with arousal disorders is limited to the use of commercial lubricants, although vitamin E and mineral oils are also options. […] Urogenital atrophy is the most common cause of arousal disorders in postmenopausal women, and estrogen replacement, when appropriate, is usually effective therapy. […] Anorgasmia is quite responsive to therapy. This condition is caused by sexual inexperience or the lack of sufficient stimulation and is common in women who have never experienced orgasm. […] Dyspareunia can be divided into three types of pain: superficial, vaginal and deep. Superficial dyspareunia occurs with attempted penetration, usually secondary to anatomic or irritative conditions, or vaginismus.

• #42 Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) » Sexual Medicine » BUMC

  https://www.bumc.bu.edu/sexualmedicine/defintions/female-sexual-dysfunction-fsd/

  Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) Persistent or recurrent deficiency and/or absence of sexual fantasies/thoughts, and/or desire for, or receptivity to, sexual activity, which causes personal distress. […] Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD) Persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain sufficient sexual excitement, causing personal distress. It may be expressed as a lack of subjective excitement, or a lack of genital lubrication, or swelling, or other somatic responses. […] Orgasmic Disorder Persistent or recurrent difficulty, delay in or absence of attaining orgasm following sufficient sexual stimulation and arousal, which causes personal distress. […] Sexual Pain Disorders Dyspareunia Recurrent or consistent genital pain associated with genital intercourse. Vaginismus Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration which causes personal distress. Non-Coital Sexual Pain Disorder Recurrent of persistent genital pain induced by non-coital sexual stimulation.

• #43 Arousal and orgasmic dysfunction in women – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/arousal-and-orgasmic-dysfunction-in-women/

  Disorders of female arousal and orgasm induce frustration in healthcare providers for many reasons. Approximately 1 in 20 women in the United States report bothersome sexual problems specifically related to arousal and orgasm, yet there remain no US Food and Drug Administration approved treatment options available to manage these conditions. […] Female sexual dysfunction encompasses four main categories based on type: desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain. […] Over 25% of women report problems with sexual arousal, although only 5% are distressed by their symptoms. […] Female sexual arousal disorder has been divided into female cognitive arousal disorder (FCAD) and female genital arousal disorder (FGAD). […] Female orgasmic disorder is characterized by a persistent or recurrent distressing compromise of orgasm frequency, intensity, timing, and/or pleasure associated with sexual activity for 6 months.

• #44 Course Content – #93032: Female Sexual Dysfunction – NetCE

  https://www.netce.com/coursecontent.php?courseid=2510

  The reported prevalence of female orgasmic problems ranges from 8% to 72%, with approximately 10% of women never experiencing orgasm in their lifetime. […] Provoked vestibulodynia is a highly prevalent cause of dyspareunia in younger women. The estimated prevalence of vestibulodynia is 12% in the general population and 15% among gynecologic clinic patients. […] In general, female sexual dysfunction is the result of a combination of medical, sociocultural, individual vulnerability, and relationship/partner factors. […] The multifactorial nature of FSIAD and female orgasmic disorder is underscored by the finding that a majority of premenopausal women identified non-physiologic factors, such as stress, fatigue, dissatisfaction with physical appearance, and other sexual difficulties, as contributory to decreased desire.

• #44 Course Content – #93032: Female Sexual Dysfunction – NetCE

  https://www.netce.com/coursecontent.php?courseid=2510

  Aging can affect all aspects of female sexual function, and the greatest prevalence of low desire/arousal and distress occurs in women 45 to 64 years of age. […] Significant life stress can also lead women to experience low sexual desire or difficulty with arousal. […] Problems with partner erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation, communication problems, differing levels of desire for sexual activity, or partner violence can affect female sexual function and increase risk of female sexual dysfunction. […] Female sexual dysfunction may stem from an insufficiently stimulating sexual routine involving limited sensual (as opposed to genital) fondling and caressing, limited or ineffective genital caressing and stimulation, or a predictable and mundane sexual routine. […] Common etiologies of dyspareunia include genitourinary syndrome of menopause, dermatologic diseases, infections (e.g., genital herpes, candidiasis), and visible or non-visible lesions.

• #44 Course Content – #93032: Female Sexual Dysfunction – NetCE

  https://www.netce.com/coursecontent.php?courseid=2510

  Genitourinary syndrome of menopause affects up to 45% of postmenopausal women. Independent of dyspareunia, female sexual dysfunction can develop in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause from recurrent urinary tract infections (and resultant interruptions of daily functioning), reduced libido, and impaired mood and social interactions from nocturia-induced sleep loss. […] Female sexual dysfunction is a prevalent consequence of vestibulodynia. Of 161 women (average age: 36 years) presenting to a vulvovaginal specialty clinic with chronic vaginal complaints, 53% experienced female sexual dysfunction in the previous month, a prevalence double the population rate.

• #45 Understanding Sexual Dysfunction in Women: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentAsset 2

  https://www.allsafemd.com/urogynecology/sexual-dysfunction/

  Sexual dysfunction refers to persistent problems that interfere with a person’s ability to enjoy or participate in sexual activity. For women, this may involve changes in desire, arousal, orgasm, or physical comfort during intercourse. […] While occasional changes in libido or satisfaction are normal, sexual dysfunction becomes a concern when it causes ongoing distress or impacts your quality of life or relationships. […] There are four common categories of sexual dysfunction in women: Desire Disorders: Low or absent interest in sexual activity, Arousal Disorders: Inability to become or stay physically aroused during sex, Orgasmic Disorders: Difficulty achieving orgasm or significantly delayed orgasm, Pain Disorders: Pain with penetration or involuntary tightening of the vaginal muscles.

• #46 Female Sexual Dysfunction – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) occurs when a woman doesnt get excited, or when she is sexually excited, doesnt become physically aroused, or lubricated. […] Female sexual dysfunction is associated with negative effects including poor self-image, mood instability, depression, and strained relationships with partners. […] Decreased or no interest in sexeither the womans level of interest does not match up with her partners, or she has no interest in sex. […] Difficulty having an orgasmeither the woman has never had an orgasm or she no longer has them. […] Painful intercoursedifficult intercourse, or physically irritating. […] Strained relationshipsdoes not feel emotionally close to or trusting of her partner. […] There are several types of female sexual dysfunction, including hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder, orgasmic disorder, and sexual aversion disorder.

• #47 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Talk About It and Get Help – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/content/article/female-sexual-dysfunction-talk-about-it-and-get-help

  Women’s sexual problems are too often discounted as mental or emotional. […] The truth, however, is that sex is a physical experience for women as well as men, and the reasons behind female sexual dysfunction (FSD) can just as often be attributed to physical issues as psychological problems. […] Approximately 4 out of 10 women will experience FSD at some point in their life. […] Although FSD can occur at any age, it often presents at times when the body’s hormones are in flux, such as during pregnancy or menopause. […] Symptoms may include: Low or absent desire for sex (low or no libido), Problems maintaining arousal during sexual activity, or lack of arousal despite a desire to have sex, Inability to experience or difficulty experiencing orgasm, Pain during sexual contact. […] Female sexual dysfunction is often linked to hormonal fluctuations, such as declining estrogen levels during menopause or the myriad hormonal changes your body experiences during pregnancy.

• #48 Sexual Dysfunction – Urogynecology Center NoVa

  https://www.urogyncenternova.com/sexual-dysfunction/

  Sexual dysfunction isnt just physical; it can be mental as well. Long-term stress, untreated depression and anxiety, poor self-confidence or a previous sexual trauma can contribute to sexual dysfunction or a lack of sex drive. […] If you used to be able to achieve orgasm but have found you can no longer, it is essential that you be evaluated immediately as this could indicate an issue affecting your spine or nerves. […] Decreased arousal in women can be a complex concern to address because there are many different physical, hormonal and psychological variables that can affect a womans ability to become aroused. […] Many women, regardless of age, experience vaginal dryness or decreased lubrication at some point in their life even women in their twenties can experience vaginal dryness. […] Intimate areas such as the vagina, labia and perineum are subject to the same contributing factors of aging as the rest of your body. […] If you are suffering from sexual dysfunction, its time to reclaim your confidence and enhance your quality of life.

• #48 Sexual Dysfunction – Urogynecology Center NoVa

  https://www.urogyncenternova.com/sexual-dysfunction/

  Did you know that in the United States, as many as 40 percent of women struggle with female sexual dysfunction (FSD)? […] Many women will notice a decline in their sexual desire or orgasms as well as discomfort during intercourse with their partners. […] Whats worse is that many women with FSD feel alone in their suffering and often accept their condition as an unavoidable part of getting older. […] Older women are typically the most commonly affected due to factors such as perimenopause, menopause and a gradual decline in health associated with getting older. […] Hormones play an essential role in regulating sexual function in women. As the hormone levels of estrogen decrease due to menopause or the natural aging process, many women will observe changes to their sexual function as they age, including decreased vaginal lubrication and genital sensation.

• #49 What Is Sexual Dysfunction? Types of Disorders and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-sexual-dysfunction

  Sexual dysfunction occurs when you have a problem that prevents you from wanting or enjoying sexual activity. […] People of all ages experience sexual dysfunction, although the chances increase as you age. […] Four categories of sexual dysfunction exist. […] Desire disorder is when you have little or no interest in sexual relations on an ongoing basis. […] Arousal disorder means you’re emotionally in the mood, but your body isn’t into it. […] Orgasm disorder means you’re emotionally in the mood, but you have an inability to climax that leaves you frustrated. […] Pain disorder involves having pain during intercourse. […] Low testosterone can cause a loss of libido, or sexual desire for any person. […] For those with female reproductive organs, other contributing factors include hormonal changes following childbirth, breast-feeding, and menopause.

• #50 Female Sexual Dysfunction: From Causality to Cure

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/female-sexual-dysfunction-from-causality-to-cure

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent disorder affecting women’s quality of life across the lifespan and around the world. In the United States, according to results of the National Health and Social Life Survey, nearly 43% of women younger than age 60 experience some type of sexual dysfunction. Disorders of sexual function are known to increase with age, subsequent to the onset of menopause. Approximately 52.4% of naturally menopausal women–an estimated 16 million women aged 50 and older–are likely to be affected by low sexual desire and symptoms of FSD. Importantly, these manifestations of FSD are attributable to various psychological, physical, and medical causes that must be identified before effective treatment can occur. Psychological factors related to emotional or relationship issues; depression and the use of antidepressants; and poor self-esteem and self-perception are the most prevalent, and often the most difficult to treat, causes of FSD. These psychogenic triggers can be associated with any of the manifestations of FSD. A woman’s body is subject to hormonal influences and imbalances throughout her lifespan that affect her sexual physiology, most notably pregnancy and menopause. While pregnancy itself is generally associated with a diminished interest in sex, 23% to 57% of women report decreased libido at three months postpartum and nearly 40% report this at six months. As a woman’s body transitions through menopause, cessation of ovarian estrogen production is associated with urogenital atrophy and diminished sexual response. These physical changes are often accompanied by vasomotor symptoms, mood alterations, emotional lability, and diminished sense of well-being, which negatively impact sexual function and quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is a common manifestation in women suffering from urologic infections and conditions such as interstitial cystitis, urinary incontinence, disorders of bladder-emptying, sexually transmitted diseases, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Physiologic disorders of the vagina and uterus such as vaginal fissures and endometriosis are associated with sexual-pain disorders. Numerous medications have been identified as causing sexual dysfunction. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines or consensus statements dictating the care of women with FSD. Due to the diversity of causative factors associated with symptoms of FSD, modifying lifestyle, addressing physical and psychological causes, and changing behavioral habits associated with sex are preferential first steps in the treatment of FSD that could result in a reversal of symptoms if addressed appropriately. Significant improvements in arousal, sensation, orgasm, and overall sexual pleasure have been reported by women with physiologic arousal disorders caused by inadequate blood flow to the genitalia who utilized the Eros Clitoral Therapy Device, a nonpharmacologic clitoral-stimulation vacuum apparatus. Because of the multiple, complex, and often coexistent factors associated with symptoms of sexual dysfunction in women, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions are commonly combined to optimize therapeutic outcome. Hormonal supplementation therapy with either estrogen or testosterone has been utilized to replenish diminished levels thought to be associated with sexual dysfunction, particularly in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is associated with significant improvements in sexual desire, orgasm, symptoms of dyspareunia, and vaginal dryness. Despite its well-described efficacy, ERT generally is not indicated for women whose symptoms are unrelated to vaginal or vasomotor dysfunction. Long-term efficacy and safety data for testosterone replacement therapy are unknown. Data from clinical trials in premenopausal and postmenopausal women are conflicting, with younger women experiencing improvements in arousal, orgasm, sexual fantasy, and activity and older women experiencing minimal, nonsignificant improvements in satisfaction and overall sexual function.

• #51 Female Sexual Dysfunction: From Causality to Cure

  https://www-staging.uspharmacist.com/article/female-sexual-dysfunction-from-causality-to-cure

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent disorder affecting women’s quality of life across the lifespan and around the world. In the United States, according to results of the National Health and Social Life Survey, nearly 43% of women younger than age 60 experience some type of sexual dysfunction. Disorders of sexual function are known to increase with age, subsequent to the onset of menopause. Approximately 52.4% of naturally menopausal women–an estimated 16 million women aged 50 and older–are likely to be affected by low sexual desire and symptoms of FSD. Importantly, these manifestations of FSD are attributable to various psychological, physical, and medical causes that must be identified before effective treatment can occur. Psychological factors related to emotional or relationship issues; depression and the use of antidepressants; and poor self-esteem and self-perception are the most prevalent, and often the most difficult to treat, causes of FSD. A woman’s body is subject to hormonal influences and imbalances throughout her lifespan that affect her sexual physiology, most notably pregnancy and menopause. While pregnancy itself is generally associated with a diminished interest in sex, 23% to 57% of women report decreased libido at three months postpartum and nearly 40% report this at six months. As a woman’s body transitions through menopause, cessation of ovarian estrogen production is associated with urogenital atrophy and diminished sexual response. These physical changes are often accompanied by vasomotor symptoms, mood alterations, emotional lability, and diminished sense of well-being, which negatively impact sexual function and quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is a common manifestation in women suffering from urologic infections and conditions such as interstitial cystitis, urinary incontinence, disorders of bladder-emptying, sexually transmitted diseases, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Physiologic disorders of the vagina and uterus such as vaginal fissures and endometriosis are associated with sexual-pain disorders. Pelvic surgery, diseases of the central nervous system, and spinal-cord injury cause autonomic nerve dysfunction and have been associated with disorders of arousal and orgasm. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines or consensus statements dictating the care of women with FSD. Due to the diversity of causative factors associated with symptoms of FSD, modifying lifestyle, addressing physical and psychological causes, and changing behavioral habits associated with sex are preferential first steps in the treatment of FSD that could result in a reversal of symptoms if addressed appropriately. Significant improvements in arousal, sensation, orgasm, and overall sexual pleasure have been reported by women with physiologic arousal disorders caused by inadequate blood flow to the genitalia who utilized the Eros Clitoral Therapy Device, a nonpharmacologic clitoral-stimulation vacuum apparatus. Because of the multiple, complex, and often coexistent factors associated with symptoms of sexual dysfunction in women, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions are commonly combined to optimize therapeutic outcome. Sexual dysfunction affects millions of women in the U.S. and worldwide.

• #52 Understanding female sexual dysfunction

  https://blog.providence.org/blog/understanding-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Remember that sexual dysfunction is only a problem if it bothers you. But if your issue lingers for more than a few months or begins to affect your relationship, it may be time to consult your physician. […] People with FSD often get good results with a treatment approach that addresses all areas of the issue, including the physical, mental and emotional factors that contribute to your problem.

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