Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. […] Treatment often involves more than one approach. […] If sexual problems affect your relationship or worry you, make an appointment with a member of your healthcare team. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. […] Medical conditions can lead to sexual dysfunction. These may include cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems.

• #2 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-females-management

  Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management […] Sexual problems are highly prevalent in females. In the United States, approximately 40 percent of females have sexual concerns, and 12 percent report distressing sexual problems. Female sexual dysfunction takes different forms, including lack of sexual desire, impaired arousal, inability to achieve orgasm, pain with sexual activity, or a combination of these issues. Treatment must be tailored to the sexual dysfunction diagnosis or diagnoses and to underlying physical, psychological, and relationship factors. […] The management of female sexual dysfunction will be reviewed here. The epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of female sexual dysfunction and evaluation and treatment of sexual pain disorders are discussed separately. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of sexual pain and of female orgasmic disorder are also described separately.

• #3 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Although about one-third of women report concerns with sexual functioning, many healthcare providers (HCPs) do not feel comfortable screening for, diagnosing, or managing female sexual dysfunction (FSD). […] Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is highly prevalent among women in the United States, yet patients rarely discuss sexual concerns with their healthcare provider (HCP). […] This prevalence highlights the need for HCPs to know how to communicate with, identify, and manage patients sexual concerns. […] Despite the high prevalence of FSD, many women do not broach the topic with their HCP, and many HCPs do not screen their patients for sexual disorders. […] A survey of the attitudes of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) toward management of sexual dysfunction revealed that only one-half felt comfortable discussing the topic and only 21% of NPs and 11% of PAs felt confident in managing FSD.

• #4 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. […] Treatment often involves more than one approach. […] If sexual problems affect your relationship or worry you, make an appointment with a member of your healthcare team. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. […] Medical conditions can lead to sexual dysfunction. These may include cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems.

• #5 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. […] Treatment often involves more than one approach. […] If sexual problems affect your relationship or worry you, make an appointment with a member of your healthcare team. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. […] Medical conditions can lead to sexual dysfunction. These may include cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems.

• #6 Practice Nursing – Female sexual dysfunction: what the practice nurse needs to know

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/female-sexual-dysfunction-what-the-practice-nurse-needs-to-know/

  For many women, practice nurses are the first point of contact for sexual or reproductive health concerns. Angela Gregory provides an overview of the basics of female sexual dysfunction. General practice nurses are ideally placed to educate and address sexual concerns. Practice nurses are not expected to be experts in this field or to carry out specialist assessment, examination and treatment, but there are opportunities to initiate discussion, identify potential sexual issues, provide simple advice and treatment, signpost to online resources and refer to medical colleagues or specialist services. […] Practices nurses are an important part of a multidisciplinary team and are involved in most aspects of patient care including health screening, sexual health screening, helping patients manage long term conditions, contraception and women’s health, including cervical cytology and menopause management. Therefore, for many women, they are the first potential point of contact regarding sexual and reproductive concerns. […] In the UK, availability of NHS provision for specialist menopause centres, psychosexual input and specialist pelvic physiotherapists varies widely, so practice nurses should be encouraged and supported to help their patients address any sexual health concerns.

• #7 Practice Nursing – Female sexual dysfunction: what the practice nurse needs to know

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/female-sexual-dysfunction-what-the-practice-nurse-needs-to-know/

  For many women, practice nurses are the first point of contact for sexual or reproductive health concerns. Angela Gregory provides an overview of the basics of female sexual dysfunction. General practice nurses are ideally placed to educate and address sexual concerns. Practice nurses are not expected to be experts in this field or to carry out specialist assessment, examination and treatment, but there are opportunities to initiate discussion, identify potential sexual issues, provide simple advice and treatment, signpost to online resources and refer to medical colleagues or specialist services. […] Practices nurses are an important part of a multidisciplinary team and are involved in most aspects of patient care including health screening, sexual health screening, helping patients manage long term conditions, contraception and women’s health, including cervical cytology and menopause management. Therefore, for many women, they are the first potential point of contact regarding sexual and reproductive concerns. […] In the UK, availability of NHS provision for specialist menopause centres, psychosexual input and specialist pelvic physiotherapists varies widely, so practice nurses should be encouraged and supported to help their patients address any sexual health concerns.

• #8 Sexual dysfunction in women – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/352

  Sexual dysfunction in women of all sexual orientations correlates most strongly with poor mental health and with negative feelings for the partner(s), rather than with any serum hormone (or hormone metabolite) levels. […] Normal changes with age and relationship duration must not be mistaken for desire/interest disorder. […] Given the sensitive nature of the information collected and reluctance/embarrassment to disclose at initial appointments, the clinician should continue to assess relevant information and integrate into treatment throughout contact with the patient. […] Treatment includes components of psycho-education, cognitive behavioural therapy, sex therapy, mindfulness and psychotherapy, mitigation of biological and pharmacological risk factors, and occasionally medicines. […] There are three criteria for diagnosing a sexual disorder: symptoms need to have persisted for a minimum of 6 months, they need to have been experienced in all or almost all (75% to 100%) sexual encounters, and to have caused clinically significant distress.

• #9 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD), previously termed hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual arousal disorder, is a prevalent condition that primarily affects older and postmenopausal women. FSIAD encompasses a lack of or significantly reduced sexual interest/arousal, often leading to distress or interpersonal difficulties. This condition is frequently underdiagnosed due to sociocultural barriers and limited clinician understanding. […] Management approaches range from counseling and therapy to United States Food and Drug Administration-approved and off-label medications. Monitoring and individualizing treatment are crucial due to potential adverse effects and variability in response. […] In this course, healthcare professionals gain an in-depth understanding of the etiology, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and current therapeutic approaches of FSIAD. Participants learn to individualize treatment plans, considering psychotherapeutic and pharmacological options to improve patient care. […] The course also emphasizes the importance of interprofessional collaboration, with clinicians working alongside psychologists, therapists, and other specialists to develop comprehensive treatment plans. This teamwork ensures a holistic approach to managing FSIAD, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

• #10 Causes and Types of Female Sexual Dysfunction | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/centers-and-departments/obstetrics-and-gynecology/programs-and-services/gynecology/programs-services/center-for-intimate-health-and-wellness/types-of-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Female sexual dysfunction is when a woman experiences persistent issues related to: […] Common underlying causes can include pregnancy, surgery, cancer, diabetes, menopausal changes, anxiety, depression, trauma, and even medications. There are a number of conditions that can result, all of which can lead to problems with sexual function. […] Hypoactive (low) sexual desire disorder having low or absent desire for sexual intimacy that causes distress. […] Female orgasmic disorder having reduced or absent orgasm during sexual activity that causes distress. […] Having decreased overall satisfaction with sexual function. […] Painful intercourse (dyspareunia). […] Vulvodynia, when there is chronic pain affecting the labia, clitoris and vaginal opening. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), menopause symptoms that come from having lower levels estrogens and other hormones in the body. Symptoms include:

• #11 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender dysphoria are complex and sensitive areas of mental health and sexual health that nurses may encounter. Understanding and addressing these conditions with sensitivity and respect are important for providing competent and compassionate care. […] Sexual dysfunction disorders can be described as an impairment or disturbance in any of the phases of the sexual response cycle. […] Female sexual arousal disorder. This disorder is identified in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) as a persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement. It is defined in the DSM-5 as lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal. […] The major nursing care planning goals for sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, and paraphilias are: Client will resume sexual activity at level satisfactory to self and partner by (time is individually determined). Client will express satisfaction with own sexuality pattern. Client and partner will express satisfaction with sexual relationship. Client will demonstrate behaviors that are appropriate and culturally acceptable for assigned gender. Client will express personal satisfaction and feelings of being comfortable in assigned gender. Client will interact with others using culturally acceptable behaviors.

• #12 Overview of Sexual Function and Dysfunction in Women – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women/overview-of-sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women

  Sexual dysfunction in women includes pain during intercourse, involuntary painful contractions (spasms) of the muscles around the vagina (vaginismus), lack of interest in sex (low libido), and problems with arousal or orgasm. For a sexual dysfunction disorder to be diagnosed, these problems must cause distress to the woman. […] Treatment of sexual problems in women varies by cause but may include education about sexual function, medications, pelvic physical therapy, or psychotherapy or sex therapy. […] A sexual dysfunction disorder is typically diagnosed when symptoms have been present for at least 6 months and cause significant distress. […] Treatment of causes of sexual pain […] Certain treatments depend on the cause of sexual dysfunction. However, some general measures can help regardless of the cause:

• #13 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Sexual dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders (dyspareunia and vaginismus). […] Primary care physicians must assume a proactive role in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. […] Patient education and reassurance, with early diagnosis and intervention, are essential for effective treatment. […] Female sexual dysfunction can be subdivided into desire, arousal, orgasmic and sexual pain disorders. Sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus. […] The diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction requires the physician to obtain a detailed patient history that defines the dysfunction, identifies causative or confounding medical or gynecologic conditions, and elicits psychosocial information. […] Establishment of the patient’s sexual orientation is necessary for appropriate evaluation and management.

• #14 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a subjective dissatisfaction, leading to significant distress, with the level or nature of sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction in women is a common problem and can significantly affect relationships and quality of life. […] The problem is often multifactorial. Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and relationship factors may all play a role, and ageing is a significant contributing factor. […] The risk factors are similar to those for erectile dysfunction in men, and the condition may be a marker for CVD or endocrine disease. […] Female sexual dysfunction refers to difficulties during the sexual response cycle that prevent a woman from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity. […] Low or absent sexual desire is the most common sexual dysfunction in women, and its prevalence peaks during midlife.

• #15 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-females-management

  Female sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, often with several different etiologies contributing to the problem. Nonetheless, careful evaluation and use of available therapies can improve sexual function for many patients. […] Complete the evaluation and diagnosis — Evaluate the patient for the range of sexual issues and physical, psychological, and relationship factors associated with their concerns before starting treatment. Most patients with sexual concerns have clinical issues that impact more than one aspect of sexual function. The problem may involve more than one phase of the normal sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm), sexual pain, or a general decrease in sexual satisfaction. As an example, if a patient complains of decreased libido, a full evaluation may also reveal issues with arousal or pain.

• #16 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. […] Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. […] Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. […] Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. […] Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner.

• #17 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. […] Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. […] Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. […] Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. […] Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner.

• #18 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Medical conditions are a frequent source of direct or indirect sexual difficulties. […] Gynecologic conditions contribute physically to sexual difficulties, and treatment must address both of these issues. […] Hysterectomy, gynecologic malignancies and breast cancer present medical and mortality concerns, and alter or remove physical and psychologic symbols of femininity that may result in feelings of decreased sexuality. […] Gynecologic changes related to a woman’s reproductive life (e.g., puberty, pregnancy, the postpartum period and menopause) present unique problems and potential obstacles to sexuality. […] The hypoestrogenic state of menopause may cause significant physical changes and alterations in mood or a diminished sense of well-being, which have been found to have a significant, negative impact on sexuality.

• #19 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. […] Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. […] Treatment often involves more than one approach. […] If sexual problems affect your relationship or worry you, make an appointment with a member of your healthcare team. […] Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. […] Medical conditions can lead to sexual dysfunction. These may include cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems.

• #20 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Medical conditions are a frequent source of direct or indirect sexual difficulties. […] Gynecologic conditions contribute physically to sexual difficulties, and treatment must address both of these issues. […] Hysterectomy, gynecologic malignancies and breast cancer present medical and mortality concerns, and alter or remove physical and psychologic symbols of femininity that may result in feelings of decreased sexuality. […] Gynecologic changes related to a woman’s reproductive life (e.g., puberty, pregnancy, the postpartum period and menopause) present unique problems and potential obstacles to sexuality. […] The hypoestrogenic state of menopause may cause significant physical changes and alterations in mood or a diminished sense of well-being, which have been found to have a significant, negative impact on sexuality.

• #21 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Medical conditions are a frequent source of direct or indirect sexual difficulties. […] Gynecologic conditions contribute physically to sexual difficulties, and treatment must address both of these issues. […] Hysterectomy, gynecologic malignancies and breast cancer present medical and mortality concerns, and alter or remove physical and psychologic symbols of femininity that may result in feelings of decreased sexuality. […] Gynecologic changes related to a woman’s reproductive life (e.g., puberty, pregnancy, the postpartum period and menopause) present unique problems and potential obstacles to sexuality. […] The hypoestrogenic state of menopause may cause significant physical changes and alterations in mood or a diminished sense of well-being, which have been found to have a significant, negative impact on sexuality.

• #22 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. […] Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. […] Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. […] Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. […] Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner.

• #23 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. […] Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. […] Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. […] Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. […] Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner.

• #24 Sexual dysfunction in women – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/352

  Sexual dysfunction in women of all sexual orientations correlates most strongly with poor mental health and with negative feelings for the partner(s), rather than with any serum hormone (or hormone metabolite) levels. […] Normal changes with age and relationship duration must not be mistaken for desire/interest disorder. […] Given the sensitive nature of the information collected and reluctance/embarrassment to disclose at initial appointments, the clinician should continue to assess relevant information and integrate into treatment throughout contact with the patient. […] Treatment includes components of psycho-education, cognitive behavioural therapy, sex therapy, mindfulness and psychotherapy, mitigation of biological and pharmacological risk factors, and occasionally medicines. […] There are three criteria for diagnosing a sexual disorder: symptoms need to have persisted for a minimum of 6 months, they need to have been experienced in all or almost all (75% to 100%) sexual encounters, and to have caused clinically significant distress.

• #25 Female sexual dysfunction – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549

  Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. […] Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop. […] Anxiety or depression that isn’t treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. […] Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. […] Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. […] Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner.

• #26 Predictors of female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and qualitative analysis through gender inequality paradigms | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-018-0602-4

  Female sexual dysfunction affects 41% of reproductive-age women worldwide, making it a highly prevalent medical issue. […] Consistently significant risk factors of female sexual dysfunction were: poor physical health, poor mental health, stress, abortion, genitourinary problems, female genital mutilation, relationship dissatisfaction, sexual abuse, and being religious. […] The sexual and reproductive lives of women are highly impacted by female sexual dysfunction, and a number of biological, psychological and social factors play a role in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Healthcare professionals who work with women should be aware of the many risk factors for reproductive-age women. Future prevention strategies should aim to address modifiable factors, e.g. physical activity and access to sex education; international efforts in empowering women should continue.

• #27 Female Sexual Dysfunction Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500107-treatment

  Treatment of sexual dysfunction depends on the underlying disorder. As mentioned above, treatment may include counseling, education, and reassurance. Once correctable causes have been addressed or ruled out, medical intervention may be considered. Recommendations are given separately below for each category of female sexual disorder. […] Because female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) may be a side effect of medications, a frequent solution is adjustment of other prescriptions. […] One medication that is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat female sexual interest/arousal disorder is flibanserin, a 5HT1A/2B agonist/antagonist. It is indicated for premenopausal women with low sexual desire. […] When sexual pain is insertional and associated with vaginal dryness, treatment may be helpful to reverse vaginal atrophy.

• #28 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilic-disorders-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Psychiatric-mental health nurses need to be cognizant of the influence that psychiatric medications have on numerous areas of functioning. The results from this study illustrate the many difficulties that psychiatric medications can play in causing sexual disorders and dysfunctions. Thus, psychiatric-mental health nurses need to integrate information from this study when obtaining a sexual history from a patient.

• #29 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Sexual dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders (dyspareunia and vaginismus). […] Primary care physicians must assume a proactive role in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. […] Patient education and reassurance, with early diagnosis and intervention, are essential for effective treatment. […] Female sexual dysfunction can be subdivided into desire, arousal, orgasmic and sexual pain disorders. Sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus. […] The diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction requires the physician to obtain a detailed patient history that defines the dysfunction, identifies causative or confounding medical or gynecologic conditions, and elicits psychosocial information. […] Establishment of the patient’s sexual orientation is necessary for appropriate evaluation and management.

• #30 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Sexual dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders (dyspareunia and vaginismus). […] Primary care physicians must assume a proactive role in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. […] Patient education and reassurance, with early diagnosis and intervention, are essential for effective treatment. […] Female sexual dysfunction can be subdivided into desire, arousal, orgasmic and sexual pain disorders. Sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus. […] The diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction requires the physician to obtain a detailed patient history that defines the dysfunction, identifies causative or confounding medical or gynecologic conditions, and elicits psychosocial information. […] Establishment of the patient’s sexual orientation is necessary for appropriate evaluation and management.

• #31 Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/evaluation-of-sexual-dysfunction/?cat

  Female sexual dysfunction is defined as any sexual complaint or problem that results from disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty lasting at least 6 months. […] Evaluation for sexual dysfunction should be a routine part of well woman care. […] When sexual dysfunction is identified, an open discussion should ensue to obtain further information. […] A physical examination should be performed with the patients permission and should include attention to any dermatologic abnormalities of the vulva and vagina, pelvic organ prolapse, vaginismus or pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity, and vulvovaginal atrophy.

• #32 Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/evaluation-of-sexual-dysfunction/?cat

  Female sexual dysfunction is defined as any sexual complaint or problem that results from disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty lasting at least 6 months. […] Evaluation for sexual dysfunction should be a routine part of well woman care. […] When sexual dysfunction is identified, an open discussion should ensue to obtain further information. […] A physical examination should be performed with the patients permission and should include attention to any dermatologic abnormalities of the vulva and vagina, pelvic organ prolapse, vaginismus or pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity, and vulvovaginal atrophy.

• #33 Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction

  https://www.exxcellence.org/list-of-pearls/evaluation-of-sexual-dysfunction/?cat

  Female sexual dysfunction is defined as any sexual complaint or problem that results from disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty lasting at least 6 months. […] Evaluation for sexual dysfunction should be a routine part of well woman care. […] When sexual dysfunction is identified, an open discussion should ensue to obtain further information. […] A physical examination should be performed with the patients permission and should include attention to any dermatologic abnormalities of the vulva and vagina, pelvic organ prolapse, vaginismus or pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity, and vulvovaginal atrophy.

• #34 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Various factors may hinder HCPpatient communication regarding sexual concerns. […] Even if a patient does discuss her sexual problems with her HCP, her concerns may not be properly addressed. […] Healthcare providers can increase the likelihood that FSD will be identified and addressed by initiating the conversation with patients, which will strengthen the HCPpatient relationship and help normalize patients concerns. […] Once both parties are comfortable, the HCP can take a sexual history, perform a thorough physical examination, and order appropriate laboratory tests. […] A physical exam is conducted to identify or exclude conditions that might cause or exacerbate FSD. […] Evaluating certain lab values can aid in identifying health conditions that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction.

• #35 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Various factors may hinder HCPpatient communication regarding sexual concerns. […] Even if a patient does discuss her sexual problems with her HCP, her concerns may not be properly addressed. […] Healthcare providers can increase the likelihood that FSD will be identified and addressed by initiating the conversation with patients, which will strengthen the HCPpatient relationship and help normalize patients concerns. […] Once both parties are comfortable, the HCP can take a sexual history, perform a thorough physical examination, and order appropriate laboratory tests. […] A physical exam is conducted to identify or exclude conditions that might cause or exacerbate FSD. […] Evaluating certain lab values can aid in identifying health conditions that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction.

• #36 Patient-Reported Outcomes in Female Sexual Dysfunction – American Urological Association

  https://auanews.net/issues/articles/2021/april-2021/patient-reported-outcomes-in-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Dysfunction could happen in each of these domains at some point in a woman’s life. […] FSD does not require treatment unless it causes distress and it persists for a minimum of 6 months. […] It is important to rule out any psychological causes (including mental or relationship issues), general health issues (obesity, hypertension, multiple sclerosis) and substance abuse. […] Subjective assessment of sexual dysfunction and effect of treatment are based on a woman’s own perception. […] To unify responses and to quantify outcomes, multiple questionnaires have been developed. […] A widely used questionnaire is the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which consists of 19 questions and assesses 4 domains: desire, arousal, orgasm and sexual pain. […] A total score below 26 indicates clinical FSD.

• #37 Patient-Reported Outcomes in Female Sexual Dysfunction – American Urological Association

  https://auanews.net/issues/articles/2021/april-2021/patient-reported-outcomes-in-female-sexual-dysfunction

  Dysfunction could happen in each of these domains at some point in a woman’s life. […] FSD does not require treatment unless it causes distress and it persists for a minimum of 6 months. […] It is important to rule out any psychological causes (including mental or relationship issues), general health issues (obesity, hypertension, multiple sclerosis) and substance abuse. […] Subjective assessment of sexual dysfunction and effect of treatment are based on a woman’s own perception. […] To unify responses and to quantify outcomes, multiple questionnaires have been developed. […] A widely used questionnaire is the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which consists of 19 questions and assesses 4 domains: desire, arousal, orgasm and sexual pain. […] A total score below 26 indicates clinical FSD.

• #38 Patient-Reported Outcomes in Female Sexual Dysfunction – American Urological Association

  https://auanews.net/issues/articles/2021/april-2021/patient-reported-outcomes-in-female-sexual-dysfunction

  The FSFI is considered the female equivalent of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). […] According to the Pelvic Floor Disorder Consortium (PFDC), the PISQ-IR is the recommended tool for assessment of sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders. […] The consortium recommended the FSFI for assessment of sexual function in women without pelvic floor disorders, although in everyday practice when assessment of sexual function is a secondary end-point and brevity is a priority, the FSFI-9 is recommended. […] Honest discussion and direct feedback remain vital to the subjective assessment and the best tailored treatment of female sexual function.

• #39 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Sexual dysfunction in women is common and often goes unreported and untreated. Its management is part of patient-centered primary care. Primary care providers are uniquely positioned to identify and assess sexual health concerns of their patients, provide reassurance regarding normal sexual function, and treat sexual dysfunction or refer as appropriate. […] Many women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, be it lack of desire, lack of arousal, failure to achieve orgasm, or pain during sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction negatively affects quality of life and emotional health, regardless of age. […] Assessment of sexual health concerns should be a part of a routine health examination, particularly after childbirth and other major medical, surgical, psychological, and life events. Women are unlikely to bring up sexual health concerns with their healthcare providers, but instead hope that their providers will bring up the topic.

• #40 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common and associated with decreased quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. However, primary care practitioners report discomfort discussing, diagnosing, and treating FSD. […] Best practices for treatment of FSD often involve a multidisciplinary team approach comprising nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. However, practitioners may lack familiarity with or access to treatments, many of which are newly approved or used off-label. […] Given the prevalence and impact of FSD, as well as the established limitations in knowledge and comfort regarding management of FSD among trainees and clinicians, there is a clear need for educational efforts in this domain. […] Therefore, we developed a didactic session and a facilitated workshop that would provide primary health care professionals (e.g., trainees, physicians, nurses) with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, screening, evaluation, and treatment of FSD.

• #41 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Various factors may hinder HCPpatient communication regarding sexual concerns. […] Even if a patient does discuss her sexual problems with her HCP, her concerns may not be properly addressed. […] Healthcare providers can increase the likelihood that FSD will be identified and addressed by initiating the conversation with patients, which will strengthen the HCPpatient relationship and help normalize patients concerns. […] Once both parties are comfortable, the HCP can take a sexual history, perform a thorough physical examination, and order appropriate laboratory tests. […] A physical exam is conducted to identify or exclude conditions that might cause or exacerbate FSD. […] Evaluating certain lab values can aid in identifying health conditions that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction.

• #42 Female Sexual Dysfunction Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500107-treatment

  Reassurance and education, when appropriate, go far in allaying patient concerns and improving treatment success. Setting reasonable goals and expectations is important, and the provider may explain that improvement may take time and require multiple visits. Sexual dysfunction, particularly when it is of long duration, is unlikely to resolve quickly. Usually starting with the problem bothering the patient the most is most helpful, although this order may need to be changed at the providers discretion. […] The PLISSIT model has also been found to be helpful. In this model, the health care provider first gives the patient Permission to discuss the sexual problem, then provides Limited Information to the patient about the sexual problem. Specific Suggestions are next, where the healthcare provider provides concrete next steps to the patient, followed by a referral for Intensive Therapy if needed, so the patient can pursue a long-term appropriate solution that meets the stated treatment goals.

• #43 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-females-management

  Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management […] Sexual problems are highly prevalent in females. In the United States, approximately 40 percent of females have sexual concerns, and 12 percent report distressing sexual problems. Female sexual dysfunction takes different forms, including lack of sexual desire, impaired arousal, inability to achieve orgasm, pain with sexual activity, or a combination of these issues. Treatment must be tailored to the sexual dysfunction diagnosis or diagnoses and to underlying physical, psychological, and relationship factors. […] The management of female sexual dysfunction will be reviewed here. The epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of female sexual dysfunction and evaluation and treatment of sexual pain disorders are discussed separately. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of sexual pain and of female orgasmic disorder are also described separately.

• #44 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  To diagnose female sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional may: […] Your healthcare professional also may suggest that you see a counselor or therapist who treats sexual and couples’ problems. […] If your sexual dysfunction hurts your relationship with your partner, then seeing a counselor or therapist together may be helpful. […] You need to tell your healthcare professional your concerns. […] Most often, a mix of treatments that includes medical, relationship and emotional issues works best. […] To treat sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional might suggest the following: […] Talk with a counselor or therapist who works with sexual problems. Therapy often includes learning about your body and ways to be closer to your partner. […] A vaginal lubricant may help during intercourse if you have vaginal dryness or pain during sex.

• #45 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #46 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #47 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #48 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #49 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #50 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #51 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #52 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #53 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #54 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #55 Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0701/p127.html

  Following the patient history and physical examination, a suspected etiology may be treated. […] If no etiology is discovered, basic treatment strategies are applied. […] Women with disorders of desire are difficult to treat. […] Disorders of desire in premenopausal patients may be secondary to lifestyle factors (e.g., careers, children), medications or another sexual dysfunction (e.g., pain or orgasmic disorder). […] Current treatment of patients with arousal disorders is limited to the use of commercial lubricants, although vitamin E and mineral oils are also options. […] Anorgasmia is quite responsive to therapy. […] Dyspareunia can be divided into three types of pain: superficial, vaginal and deep. […] Diagnosis of an underlying etiology should be aggressively sought, even if surgical investigation (laparoscopy) is required. […] Vaginismus, the involuntary contraction of the muscles of the outer one third of the vagina, is often related to sexual phobias or past abuse or trauma.

• #56 Diagnosis and Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0301/p635.html

  Local estrogen therapy is recommended for the treatment of dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy. […] Sexual pain disorders should be treated with a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach if the cause is unknown or not easily treated. […] Evaluation of sexual complaints may be limited by time constraints, physician or patient discomfort, difficulty with diagnosis, lack of available referral services, and limited treatment options. […] The PLISSIT (Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy) model is used to initiate discussions about sexual dysfunction and its management. […] The ALLOW (Ask, Legitimize, Limitations, Open up, Work together) model facilitates completion of the sexual history and initiation of treatment or further evaluation.

• #57 Female Sexual Dysfunction Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500107-treatment

  Treatment of sexual dysfunction depends on the underlying disorder. As mentioned above, treatment may include counseling, education, and reassurance. Once correctable causes have been addressed or ruled out, medical intervention may be considered. Recommendations are given separately below for each category of female sexual disorder. […] Because female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) may be a side effect of medications, a frequent solution is adjustment of other prescriptions. […] One medication that is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat female sexual interest/arousal disorder is flibanserin, a 5HT1A/2B agonist/antagonist. It is indicated for premenopausal women with low sexual desire. […] When sexual pain is insertional and associated with vaginal dryness, treatment may be helpful to reverse vaginal atrophy.

• #58 Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna

  https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/500_599/0574.html

  The authors concluded that the RF treatment was well-tolerated and showed an excellent 6-month safety profile in this pilot study. […] The authors concluded that this office-based procedure is well-tolerated and has shown excellent preliminary results. […] The authors concluded that a single non-surgical office-based RF procedure for vaginal introital laxity achieved significant and sustainable 12-month effectiveness with respect to improved integrity at the vaginal introitus and improved sexual satisfaction. […] Ospemifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist with tissue selective effects. […] Osphena (ospemifene) is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy, due to menopause. […] The authors concluded that once-daily oral ospemifene 60 mg was effective for the treatment of VVA in post-menopausal women with vaginal dryness.

• #59 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common and associated with decreased quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. However, primary care practitioners report discomfort discussing, diagnosing, and treating FSD. […] Best practices for treatment of FSD often involve a multidisciplinary team approach comprising nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. However, practitioners may lack familiarity with or access to treatments, many of which are newly approved or used off-label. […] Given the prevalence and impact of FSD, as well as the established limitations in knowledge and comfort regarding management of FSD among trainees and clinicians, there is a clear need for educational efforts in this domain. […] Therefore, we developed a didactic session and a facilitated workshop that would provide primary health care professionals (e.g., trainees, physicians, nurses) with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, screening, evaluation, and treatment of FSD.

• #60 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common and associated with decreased quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. However, primary care practitioners report discomfort discussing, diagnosing, and treating FSD. […] Best practices for treatment of FSD often involve a multidisciplinary team approach comprising nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. However, practitioners may lack familiarity with or access to treatments, many of which are newly approved or used off-label. […] Given the prevalence and impact of FSD, as well as the established limitations in knowledge and comfort regarding management of FSD among trainees and clinicians, there is a clear need for educational efforts in this domain. […] Therefore, we developed a didactic session and a facilitated workshop that would provide primary health care professionals (e.g., trainees, physicians, nurses) with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, screening, evaluation, and treatment of FSD.

• #61 Diagnosis and Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0301/p635.html

  Female sexual complaints are common, occurring in approximately 40 percent of women. […] A complete history combined with a physical examination is warranted for the evaluation of women with sexual complaints or concerns. […] The PLISSIT (Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy) or ALLOW (Ask, Legitimize, Limitations, Open up, Work together) method can be used to facilitate discussions about sexual concerns and initiation of treatment. […] Although sexual therapy and education (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy, individual and couple therapy, physiotherapy) form the basis of treatment, there is limited research demonstrating the benefit of hormonal and nonhormonal drugs. […] Testosterone improves sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, although data on its long-term safety and effectiveness are lacking.

• #62 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  In treating sexual health problems in women, we address contributing factors identified during the initial assessment. […] As sexual dysfunction in women is often multifactorial, management of the problem is well suited to a multidisciplinary approach. The team of providers may include: A medical provider (primary care provider, gynecologist, or sexual health specialist) to coordinate care and manage biological factors contributing to sexual dysfunction, A physical therapist with expertise in treating pelvic floor disorders, A psychologist to address psychological, relational, and sociocultural contributors to sexual dysfunction, A sex therapist to facilitate treatment of tight, tender pelvic floor muscles through education and guidance about kinesthetic awareness, muscle relaxation, and dilator therapy.

• #63 Nursing Diagnosis of Sexual Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms, and Impact

  https://nursipedia.com/sexual-dysfunction/

  Nursing activities are essential in addressing sexual dysfunction, as they provide support and guidance to individuals experiencing this condition. Nurses are in a unique position to facilitate communication, educate patients about sexual health, and implement strategies aimed at improving sexual function and overall well-being. […] These activities not only help in alleviating the distress associated with sexual dysfunction but also empower patients to take charge of their sexual health.

• #64 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #65 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #66 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #67 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #68 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #69 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Nursing assessment includes: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is the persons experience of change in sexual dysfunction; the person views this change as unsatisfying, unrewarding, inadequate, or socially inappropriate. […] The nursing interventions are: Determine stressors. Help the client determine the time dimension associated with the onset of the problem and discuss what was happening in his or her life situation at that time. Encourage discussion of the disease process. Encourage the client to discuss disease process that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction; ensure that the client is aware that alternative methods of achieving sexual satisfaction exist and can be learned through sex counseling if he or she and partner desire to do so. Identify factors that affect the clients sexuality. Note cultural, social, ethnic, racial, and religious factors that may contribute to conflicts regarding variant sexual practices. Be accepting and nonjudgmental. Sexuality is a very personal and sensitive subject; the client is more likely to share this information if he or she does not fear being judged by the nurse. Provide positive reinforcement. Observe client behaviors and the responses he or she elicits from others; give social attention (e.g., smile, nod) to desired behaviors.

• #70 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender dysphoria are complex and sensitive areas of mental health and sexual health that nurses may encounter. Understanding and addressing these conditions with sensitivity and respect are important for providing competent and compassionate care. […] Sexual dysfunction disorders can be described as an impairment or disturbance in any of the phases of the sexual response cycle. […] Female sexual arousal disorder. This disorder is identified in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) as a persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement. It is defined in the DSM-5 as lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal. […] The major nursing care planning goals for sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, and paraphilias are: Client will resume sexual activity at level satisfactory to self and partner by (time is individually determined). Client will express satisfaction with own sexuality pattern. Client and partner will express satisfaction with sexual relationship. Client will demonstrate behaviors that are appropriate and culturally acceptable for assigned gender. Client will express personal satisfaction and feelings of being comfortable in assigned gender. Client will interact with others using culturally acceptable behaviors.

• #71 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender dysphoria are complex and sensitive areas of mental health and sexual health that nurses may encounter. Understanding and addressing these conditions with sensitivity and respect are important for providing competent and compassionate care. […] Sexual dysfunction disorders can be described as an impairment or disturbance in any of the phases of the sexual response cycle. […] Female sexual arousal disorder. This disorder is identified in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) as a persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement. It is defined in the DSM-5 as lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal. […] The major nursing care planning goals for sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, and paraphilias are: Client will resume sexual activity at level satisfactory to self and partner by (time is individually determined). Client will express satisfaction with own sexuality pattern. Client and partner will express satisfaction with sexual relationship. Client will demonstrate behaviors that are appropriate and culturally acceptable for assigned gender. Client will express personal satisfaction and feelings of being comfortable in assigned gender. Client will interact with others using culturally acceptable behaviors.

• #72 Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilias, and Gender Dysphoria – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/sexual-dysfunctions-paraphilias-and-gender-dysphoria/

  Sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender dysphoria are complex and sensitive areas of mental health and sexual health that nurses may encounter. Understanding and addressing these conditions with sensitivity and respect are important for providing competent and compassionate care. […] Sexual dysfunction disorders can be described as an impairment or disturbance in any of the phases of the sexual response cycle. […] Female sexual arousal disorder. This disorder is identified in the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) as a persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement. It is defined in the DSM-5 as lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal. […] The major nursing care planning goals for sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, and paraphilias are: Client will resume sexual activity at level satisfactory to self and partner by (time is individually determined). Client will express satisfaction with own sexuality pattern. Client and partner will express satisfaction with sexual relationship. Client will demonstrate behaviors that are appropriate and culturally acceptable for assigned gender. Client will express personal satisfaction and feelings of being comfortable in assigned gender. Client will interact with others using culturally acceptable behaviors.

• #73 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #74 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #75 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #76 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #77 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #78 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #79 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Sexual Dysfunction […] Objective/Expected Outcome;The patient will: […] Express improved satisfaction in sexual activities. […] Be able to discuss concerns about sexual functioning. […] Adapts sexual therapies as needed to enhance performance. […] Assess the impact of diagnosis and treatment on the patients sexual functioning and self-concept. […] Assess the patients readiness to discuss sexual concerns. […] Initiate discussion about effects of treatment on sexuality and reproduction, using, for example, the PLISSIT model. […] If a female patient is of childbearing age, inquire if pregnancy is a possibility before treatment is initiated. […] Discuss possibility of decreased sexual response or desire. […] Encourage patients to maintain open communication with their partners about needs and concerns.

• #80 Sexual Dysfunction | Nurses Zone | Source of Resources for Nurses

  https://thenurseszone.com/nursing-care-plan-ncp/sexual-dysfunction/

  Discuss the possibility of temporary or permanent sterility resulting from treatment. […] Teach patients the importance of contraception during treatment if relevant. […] Discuss issues related to timing of pregnancy after treatment. […] For patients undergoing lymphadenectomy for testicular cancer, explain that ejaculatory failure may occur if the sympathetic nerve is damaged, but erection and orgasm will be possible. […] If ejaculatory failure does occur, the patient should know that artificial insemination is possible because the semen flows back into the urine, from which it can be extracted, enabling the ovum to become impregnated artificially. […] If appropriate, explain that a silicone prosthesis may be placed after orchiectomy.

• #81 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #82 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #83 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #84 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  To diagnose female sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional may: […] Your healthcare professional also may suggest that you see a counselor or therapist who treats sexual and couples’ problems. […] If your sexual dysfunction hurts your relationship with your partner, then seeing a counselor or therapist together may be helpful. […] You need to tell your healthcare professional your concerns. […] Most often, a mix of treatments that includes medical, relationship and emotional issues works best. […] To treat sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional might suggest the following: […] Talk with a counselor or therapist who works with sexual problems. Therapy often includes learning about your body and ways to be closer to your partner. […] A vaginal lubricant may help during intercourse if you have vaginal dryness or pain during sex.

• #85 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #86 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #87 Female Sexual Dysfunction | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/female-sexual-dysfunction-pro

  Lifestyle advice Whatever the underlying causes, general advice on health and well-being, and fitness, and lifestyle advice aimed at promoting cardiovascular health, including advice on smoking and alcohol, are likely to be helpful. […] Where relationship issues or differing expectations form a part of the history and presentation, even if they are not felt to be the 'core’ trigger, relationship counselling or psychosexual counselling can be very helpful. […] Psychotherapy may help remove inhibitions and enhance interpersonal relations and sexual motivation levels. […] The sexual function of women with chronic pain can be significantly enhanced by a cognitive behavioural treatment group delivered within an interdisciplinary rehabilitation pain programme. […] The role of the pelvic floor in arousal and orgasm is significant and women can easily be taught simple pelvic floor exercises.

• #88 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #89 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #90 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #91 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  To diagnose female sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional may: […] Your healthcare professional also may suggest that you see a counselor or therapist who treats sexual and couples’ problems. […] If your sexual dysfunction hurts your relationship with your partner, then seeing a counselor or therapist together may be helpful. […] You need to tell your healthcare professional your concerns. […] Most often, a mix of treatments that includes medical, relationship and emotional issues works best. […] To treat sexual dysfunction, your healthcare professional might suggest the following: […] Talk with a counselor or therapist who works with sexual problems. Therapy often includes learning about your body and ways to be closer to your partner. […] A vaginal lubricant may help during intercourse if you have vaginal dryness or pain during sex.

• #92 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #93 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #94 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #95 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-women-management

  Female sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, often with several different etiologies contributing to the problem. Nonetheless, careful evaluation and use of available therapies can improve sexual function for many patients. […] Complete the evaluation and diagnosis — Evaluate the patient for the range of sexual issues and physical, psychological, and relationship factors associated with their concerns before starting treatment. Most patients with sexual concerns have clinical issues that impact more than one aspect of sexual function. The problem may involve more than one phase of the normal sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm), sexual pain, or a general decrease in sexual satisfaction. As an example, if a patient complains of decreased libido, a full evaluation may also reveal issues with arousal or pain.

• #96 Overview of sexual dysfunction in females: Management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-in-women-management

  Female sexual dysfunction is multifactorial, often with several different etiologies contributing to the problem. Nonetheless, careful evaluation and use of available therapies can improve sexual function for many patients. […] Complete the evaluation and diagnosis — Evaluate the patient for the range of sexual issues and physical, psychological, and relationship factors associated with their concerns before starting treatment. Most patients with sexual concerns have clinical issues that impact more than one aspect of sexual function. The problem may involve more than one phase of the normal sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm), sexual pain, or a general decrease in sexual satisfaction. As an example, if a patient complains of decreased libido, a full evaluation may also reveal issues with arousal or pain.

• #97 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common and associated with decreased quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. However, primary care practitioners report discomfort discussing, diagnosing, and treating FSD. […] Best practices for treatment of FSD often involve a multidisciplinary team approach comprising nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. However, practitioners may lack familiarity with or access to treatments, many of which are newly approved or used off-label. […] Given the prevalence and impact of FSD, as well as the established limitations in knowledge and comfort regarding management of FSD among trainees and clinicians, there is a clear need for educational efforts in this domain. […] Therefore, we developed a didactic session and a facilitated workshop that would provide primary health care professionals (e.g., trainees, physicians, nurses) with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, screening, evaluation, and treatment of FSD.

• #97 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Various factors may hinder HCPpatient communication regarding sexual concerns. […] Even if a patient does discuss her sexual problems with her HCP, her concerns may not be properly addressed. […] Healthcare providers can increase the likelihood that FSD will be identified and addressed by initiating the conversation with patients, which will strengthen the HCPpatient relationship and help normalize patients concerns. […] Once both parties are comfortable, the HCP can take a sexual history, perform a thorough physical examination, and order appropriate laboratory tests. […] A physical exam is conducted to identify or exclude conditions that might cause or exacerbate FSD. […] Evaluating certain lab values can aid in identifying health conditions that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction.

• #98 Managing female sexual dysfunction – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/managing-female-sexual-dysfunction/

  Various factors may hinder HCPpatient communication regarding sexual concerns. […] Even if a patient does discuss her sexual problems with her HCP, her concerns may not be properly addressed. […] Healthcare providers can increase the likelihood that FSD will be identified and addressed by initiating the conversation with patients, which will strengthen the HCPpatient relationship and help normalize patients concerns. […] Once both parties are comfortable, the HCP can take a sexual history, perform a thorough physical examination, and order appropriate laboratory tests. […] A physical exam is conducted to identify or exclude conditions that might cause or exacerbate FSD. […] Evaluating certain lab values can aid in identifying health conditions that may be contributing to sexual dysfunction.

• #99 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Our evaluation shows high satisfaction following interactive multimodal sessions on FSD. These adaptable resources can be used in multiple educational settings (didactic and workshop) and for multiple time frames to teach about FSD. […] This workshop supports primary health care professionals by improving their ability to diagnose and treat FSD and their skills in patient-centered, effective communication. […] Overall, these results demonstrate that a diverse audience of health care professionals reported high satisfaction and increased knowledge of FSD following the workshops. These easily generalizable materials can be adapted to a variety of educational settings and may help close existing education gaps for health care professionals caring for women.

• #100 Adapted Counseling Care Model for Management of Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Women Living With and Without HIV – International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS

  https://mchandaids.org/adapted-counseling-care-model-for-management-of-female-sexual-dysfunction-among-women-living-with-and-without-hiv/

  FSD is very common among women in Northern Nigeria, irrespective of HIV status. […] An adapted counseling care model improved sexual function in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. […] The PLISSIT model can guide healthcare providers to initiate and navigate sexual health discussions with women in this setting. […] The Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy (PLISSIT) sexual counseling model is a simple and cost-effective intervention targeting women with sexual dysfunction that can be applied by physicians at the point of care. […] The introduction and customization of the PLISSIT model could potentially fill this void, offering a tailored and culturally sensitive approach to sexual counseling for women living with HIV in Northern Nigeria. […] Incorporating the PLISSIT model into routine care by healthcare practitioners can provide a structured approach to addressing FSD, leading to better patient outcomes. […] Training healthcare providers on the Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy (PLISSIT) model and other effective interventions for female sexual dysfunction is essential to enhance care delivery and patient outcomes.

• #101 Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Primer for Primary Care Health Professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10126124/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common and associated with decreased quality of life, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. However, primary care practitioners report discomfort discussing, diagnosing, and treating FSD. […] Best practices for treatment of FSD often involve a multidisciplinary team approach comprising nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic modalities. However, practitioners may lack familiarity with or access to treatments, many of which are newly approved or used off-label. […] Given the prevalence and impact of FSD, as well as the established limitations in knowledge and comfort regarding management of FSD among trainees and clinicians, there is a clear need for educational efforts in this domain. […] Therefore, we developed a didactic session and a facilitated workshop that would provide primary health care professionals (e.g., trainees, physicians, nurses) with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, screening, evaluation, and treatment of FSD.

• #102 Partners in Care | Sexual dysfunction treatment at Women’s Health

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/sexual-dysfunction

  Patients are cared for by a dedicated multidisciplinary care team, meaning you will benefit from the expertise of multiple specialists across a variety of disciplines. […] Our team of board-certified obstetricians and gynecologists, fellowship-trained subspecialists, pelvic floor physical therapists, advanced practice providers, and more work together to provide unparalleled care for patients every step of the way. […] We also work closely with referring physicians and other partners in the community to schedule and coordinate any additional care services you may need. […] We collaborate with our colleagues at the Dell Medical School and The University of Texas at Austin to utilize the latest research, diagnostic, and treatment techniques, allowing us to deliver comprehensive, compassionate care and provide a seamless experience for women from adolescence to menopause and beyond.

• #103 Partners in Care | Sexual dysfunction treatment at Women’s Health

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/sexual-dysfunction

  Patients are cared for by a dedicated multidisciplinary care team, meaning you will benefit from the expertise of multiple specialists across a variety of disciplines. […] Our team of board-certified obstetricians and gynecologists, fellowship-trained subspecialists, pelvic floor physical therapists, advanced practice providers, and more work together to provide unparalleled care for patients every step of the way. […] We also work closely with referring physicians and other partners in the community to schedule and coordinate any additional care services you may need. […] We collaborate with our colleagues at the Dell Medical School and The University of Texas at Austin to utilize the latest research, diagnostic, and treatment techniques, allowing us to deliver comprehensive, compassionate care and provide a seamless experience for women from adolescence to menopause and beyond.

• #104 Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603746/

  Office-based counseling should be the first approach for managing female sexual dysfunction. This involves providing patients with basic education about sexuality and recommended lifestyle changes to improve sexual desire, interest, and experience. Some of the psychotherapies that have been documented as helpful include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), basic psychosexual counseling, mindfulness meditation therapy, body awareness education, and relationship counseling. […] Many study results have documented the effectiveness of CBT in managing female sexual dysfunctions, including FSIAD. […] Nurses provide valuable support through counseling, education, and follow-up care, promoting patient engagement and treatment adherence. […] Effective communication among team members is crucial for coordinated care. Regular case conferences, interprofessional meetings, and shared health records facilitate information exchange, decision-making, and continuity of care.

• #105 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #106 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #107 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  You can use this anytime to ease vaginal dryness. […] Do this by yourself or with a partner. This also can ease vaginal discomfort by increasing blood flow to the vagina. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest changing a medicine you take or lowering the dose. […] Treatments for female sexual dysfunction might include: […] To relieve vaginal dryness, you can apply estrogen to the vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring. […] This medicine isn’t for people who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk of breast cancer. […] If you want testosterone therapy, talk with a member of your healthcare team about the risks and benefits. […] This daily pill may boost sex drive. […] Mixing this medicine with alcohol can make side effects worse. […] Researchers are studying these treatments for female sexual dysfunction:

• #108 Female sexual dysfunction – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372556

  Because female sexual dysfunction is complex, even the best medicines aren’t likely to work if other emotional or social factors are not resolved. […] To boost your sexual health, find ways to be OK with your sexuality, improve your self-esteem and accept your body. […] Regular aerobic exercise can give you more energy, help you feel better about your body and put you in a better mood. […] Being relaxed can help you focus during sex. […] If you have sex problems that upset you, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] Your main healthcare professional will either diagnose and treat the problem or refer you to a specialist. […] Make a list of the following: […] Be sure to ask all the questions you have. […] Your healthcare professional might ask personal questions and might want to include your partner in the interview. […] Talk with your partner. Be honest about the problem you have. Think about other ways to be close to each other. Make time to be intimate.

• #109 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Sexual dysfunction in women is common and often goes unreported and untreated. Its management is part of patient-centered primary care. Primary care providers are uniquely positioned to identify and assess sexual health concerns of their patients, provide reassurance regarding normal sexual function, and treat sexual dysfunction or refer as appropriate. […] Many women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, be it lack of desire, lack of arousal, failure to achieve orgasm, or pain during sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction negatively affects quality of life and emotional health, regardless of age. […] Assessment of sexual health concerns should be a part of a routine health examination, particularly after childbirth and other major medical, surgical, psychological, and life events. Women are unlikely to bring up sexual health concerns with their healthcare providers, but instead hope that their providers will bring up the topic.

• #110 Sexual dysfunction in women: Can we talk about it? | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/5/367

  Sexual dysfunction in women is common and often goes unreported and untreated. Its management is part of patient-centered primary care. Primary care providers are uniquely positioned to identify and assess sexual health concerns of their patients, provide reassurance regarding normal sexual function, and treat sexual dysfunction or refer as appropriate. […] Many women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, be it lack of desire, lack of arousal, failure to achieve orgasm, or pain during sexual activity. […] Sexual dysfunction negatively affects quality of life and emotional health, regardless of age. […] Assessment of sexual health concerns should be a part of a routine health examination, particularly after childbirth and other major medical, surgical, psychological, and life events. Women are unlikely to bring up sexual health concerns with their healthcare providers, but instead hope that their providers will bring up the topic.

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