Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia

  In 2021, 57 million people had dementia worldwide, over 60% of whom live in low-and middle-income countries. Every year, there are nearly 10 million new cases. […] Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally. […] Dementia has physical, psychological, social and economic impacts, not only for people living with dementia, but also for their carers, families and society at large. […] WHO recognizes dementia as a public health priority. In May 2017, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. The Plan provides a comprehensive blueprint for action for policy-makers, international, regional and national partners, and WHO in the following areas: addressing dementia as a public health priority; increasing awareness of dementia and creating a dementia-inclusive society; reducing the risk of dementia; diagnosis, treatment and care; information systems for dementia; support for dementia carers; and, research and innovation. […] To facilitate the monitoring of the global dementia action plan, WHO developed the Global Dementia Observatory (GDO), a data portal that collates country data on 35 key dementia indicators across the global action plans seven strategic areas.

• #1 Epidemiology and risk factors of dementia | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/76/suppl_5/v2

  Dementia refers to a syndrome that is characterised by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. […] Epidemiology refers to the medical science that studies frequencies of disease. […] Although marked as the epidemic of our century, still surprisingly little is known about the epidemiology of dementia. In this chapter, a brief overview will be given of the epidemiology and risk factors of dementia.

• #1 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081392/

  This dementia epidemiology fact sheet 2022 is aimed at providing an overview of the epidemiology of dementia in Korea using representative government-led data. This review summarizes the prevalence and incidence of this condition using various types of data. The prevalence and incidence of dementia have increased and are predicted to continue to do so. This information will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention. […] Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the deterioration of cognitive function beyond that expected as a result of biological aging. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of individuals with dementia worldwide is approximately 55 million, with this number expected to reach approximately 78 million by 2030 and 139 million by 2050.

• #1 Dementia statistics | Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI)

  https://www.alzint.org/about/dementia-facts-figures/dementia-statistics/

  Someone in the world develops dementia every 3 seconds. There are over 55 million people worldwide living with dementia in 2020. This number will almost double every 20 years, reaching 78 million in 2030 and 139 million in 2050. […] The World Alzheimer Report 2015 updates ADI’s global estimates of the prevalence, incidence and costs of dementia based on systematic reviews. The report makes key recommendations to provide a global framework for action on dementia. […] The total estimated worldwide cost of dementia was US$ 818 billion in 2015, which represented 1.09% of global GDP at that time. The annual global cost of dementia is now above US$ 1.3 trillion and is expected to rise to US$ 2.8 trillion by 2030. […] Research shows that most people currently living with dementia have not received a formal diagnosis. In high income countries, only 20-50% of dementia cases are recognised and documented in primary care. […] The World Alzheimer Report 2011 shows that earlier diagnosis and early intervention are important mechanisms by which the treatment gap can be closed.

• #1 Dementia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia

  The number of cases of dementia worldwide in 2021 was estimated at 55 million, with close to 10 million new cases each year. According to a report by the World Health Organization, „In 2021, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia ranked as the seventh leading cause of death, killing 1.8 million lives.” By 2050, the number of people living with dementia is estimated to be over 150 million globally. […] The annual incidence of dementia diagnosis is nearly 10 million worldwide. Almost half of new dementia cases occur in Asia, followed by Europe (25%), the Americas (18%) and Africa (8%). The incidence of dementia increases exponentially with age, doubling with every 6.3-year increase in age. […] In 2019, there were 1.62 million dementia-related deaths worldwide. This is expected to increase to 4.91 million by 2050. […] In 2022 and 2023, dementia was the leading cause of death in England and Wales.

• #1 Prevalence of dementia in Europe | Alzheimer Europe

  https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/dementia/prevalence-dementia-europe?language_content_entity=en

  Europe’s population is growing older. […] Accurate, up-to-date knowledge about the prevalence of dementia is essential for research, health and social policymaking. […] The number of people living with dementia in the European Union (EU27) is estimated to be 7,853,705 and in European countries represented by AE members, 9,780,678. […] The numbers of people with dementia in Europe will almost double by 2050 increasing to 14,298,671 in the European Union and 18,846,286 in the wider European region. […] The table below provides an overview of the prevalence rates for 2018, calculated for each age range and presented as a percentage for the overall population and broken down by sex. […] In this section, we show the estimated prevalence of dementia in different countries, in 2018 and 2050.

• #1 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081392/

  Recognizing the enormous impact of dementia in Korea, the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine launched its first Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet in 2022, with a plan to update it periodically. This fact sheet provides contemporary statistics on dementia in Korea which may contribute toward future studies and policies involving dementia rehabilitation and prevention. […] The most commonly referenced epidemiological statistics are disease prevalence and disease incidence. Dementia prevalence refers to the number of people with dementia at a given point in time, whereas dementia incidence refers to the number of new cases of dementia diagnosed over a specified time period. […] The NaSDEK calculated national standardized dementia prevalence by adjusting crude prevalence according to age, sex, education, and region-applied sample weights, based on the national population census survey data obtained by Statistics Korea during the corresponding time period.

• #1 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9081392/

  The estimated number of patients with dementia was 703,968, which accounted for 9.95% of the cases of dementia among older adults aged 65 years and older reported in the 2016 NaSDEK. […] This review shows an increasing trend in both the prevalence and incidence of dementia in Korea using representative, government-led data. This updated epidemiological data will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention.

• #1 Cognitive and Dementia Epidemiology | National Institute on Aging

  https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dbsr/ad-adrd/cognitive-dementia-epidemiology

  It is estimated that as many as 6.25 million Americans have Alzheimers disease, and the prevalence is expected to more than double to 13.85 million by 2060. […] The cognitive and dementia epidemiology portfolio supports studies of the social, economic, environmental, and regional factors that drive national prevalence and incidence of AD/ADRD, as well as national estimates of costs associated with dementia care. […] The portfolio includes international population-based studies that permit cross-national comparisons of cognitive decline, dementia prevalence, incidence, and risk/protective factors. […] BSR supported the development and widespread implementation of a state-of-the-art protocol for assessing dementia on large nationally representative samples that meets AD Milestone 1.D called the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) which is now being implemented widely in the Health and Retirement Study and multiple international sister studies.

• #1 Alzheimer’s Facts and Figures Report | Alzheimer’s Association

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures

  Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures (PDF), an annual report released by the Alzheimer’s Association, reveals the burden of Alzheimer’s and dementia on individuals, caregivers, government and the nation’s health care system. […] An estimated 7.2 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s dementia. The number of Americans living with Alzheimer’s is growing and growing fast. Over 7 million Americans have Alzheimer’s. […] Health and long-term care costs for people living with dementia are projected to reach $384 billion in 2025. The costs of health care and long-term care for individuals living with Alzheimer’s or other dementias are substantial, and dementia is one of the costliest conditions to society. […] More than half of primary care physicians say there aren’t enough dementia specialists in their communities. As the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease increases, so does the need for more members of the paid workforce to be knowledgeable and skillful about working with different populations of people living with dementia, as well as with their families.

• #1 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?number=732

  Dementia is one of the most important public health problems. Because of rapid increasing of old age in the world, need for prevention strategies and caring of dementia should be solved. Epidemiological studies can provide the basic data for making health policy, developing the prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies can be classified into the descriptive studies for studying the prevalence and incidence of a disease and the analytic studies for identifying risk factors of a disease. This review summarized the recent achievements in the epidemiology of dementia performed in the world and our country. The prevalence and incidence of dementia increased double by every 5 years of age over the age of 65 years in general. However, whether the prevalence rate of dementia exponentially increases in the oldest old age is uncertain. The prevalence rates of dementia were generally lower in developing countries, but the exact mechanisms of these findings were not well understood.

• #1

  https://scite.ai/reports/the-epidemiology-of-the-dementias-3Enjvb

  Dementia represents a major public health challenge as a consequence of rapid increase in the aging population worldwide, especially in developing countries. […] Evidence has emerged that proper control of vascular disorders and maintenance of active lifestyles may prevent or delay the onset and progression of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. […] The prevalence of dementia increases with age, from 1.5% in 60-69-year-old individuals to 40% in nonagenarians (Qiu et al, 2007). An age-specific increase in prevalence of dementia in the very old has been reported (Mathillas et al, 2011).

• #1 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?number=732

  Epidemiological studies could give the fundamentals for the development of the government policy and the strategies for the prevention of dementia. Although the epidemiological studies on dementia and its specific type were started in 1960s in western countries, more sophisticated and refined epidemiological studies have been carried out since 1980s. Till now, a number of epidemiological surveys were performed around the world. The results of the epidemiological studies can be classified into two categories: one is the descriptive study in which the prevalence and incidence of a disease can be estimated and the other is the analytic study in which the risk factors of a disease can be identified. […] The prevalence of dementia is very low in the subjects under the age of 65 years (0.5-1.0%) and increases with age. Although Ritchie and Kildea reported that the prevalence rate of dementia do not increase exponentially, this observation might be influenced by survival effect and need adequate numbers of the very old. The geographical variation of the prevalence of dementia was also reported. The prevalence rates of dementia in North America and Europe were quite similar. In contrast, some studies performed in developing countries reported lower prevalence rate than those of western countries.

• #1 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?number=732

  The prevalence rate of AD increases with age. The prevalence of AD was higher in women than in men. The prevalence of VD also increases with age. In the same study, the prevalence of VD was 1.6% in the age of 60 years and the more. The age-specific prevalence is reported as 0.5 to 0.1% at the age of 60-69 years, 0.8 to 0.6 at 70-74 years, 1.9 to 0.9 at 75- 79, 2.4 to 2.3 at 80-84, 2.4 to 3.5 at 85-89 and 3.6-5.8 at 90 and the more. The ratio between AD and VD was similar in most studies of US, Europe and Africa. AD is the most common etiology of dementia and accounts for 50-70% of total dementia cases. Second most common etiology is VD and account for 20-30% of total dementia. […] There have been at least seven population based studies performed on the dementia epidemiology, which were published at peer review journals in Korea since 1990. Overall prevalence rate of dementia ranged from 6.8 to 13.0% of the elderly community population, comparable to the results from the studies conducted in western countries. Dementia was more in female than in male in all studies. The prevalence rate of dementia more increased with age in female than in male in all studies.

• #1 Dementia epidemiology in Hungary based on data from neurological and psychiatric specialty services | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89179-3

  Hungary has a single-payer health insurance system covering 10 million inhabitants. All medical reports of the in- and outpatient specialist services were collected in the NEUROHUN database. We used ICD-10 codes of Alzheimers disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), miscellaneous dementia group and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for the inclusion of the patients. Incidence, prevalence and survival of different dementias and MCI were calculated and analyzed depending on the diagnoses given by neurological or psychiatric services or both. Between 2011 and 2016, the mean crude incidence of all dementias was 242/100,000/year, whereas the age standardized incidence was 287/100,000/year. Crude and age standardized mean prevalence rates were 570/100,000 and 649/100,000, respectively. There were significantly more VaD diagnoses than AD, the VaD:AD ratio was 2.54:1, being the highest in patients with psychiatric diagnoses only (4.85:1) and the lowest in patients with only neurological diagnoses (1.32:1). The median survival after the first diagnosis was 3.01 years regarding all dementia cases. Compared to international estimates, the prevalence of dementia and MCI is considerably lower in Hungary and the VaD:AD ratio is reversed.

• #1 Charting Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Epidemiological Insights, Risk Factors and Prevention Pathways

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/14/4100

  Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial condition without cure at present. […] In fact, recent studies have observed a decrease in dementia incidence in developed regions such as the US and Europe. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates dementia cost around USD $818 billion in 2015, equivalent to 1.1% of global gross domestic product, ranging from 0.2%—low- and middle-income countries—to 1.4%—high-income countries. […] Currently, it is well-known that AD is a chronic brain disorder with a long silent period of decades (preclinical phase) before its clinical onset. […] Thus, recent studies have shown that the age-specific incidence of dementia is unexpectedly decreasing in some countries, but explanatory factors remain undetermined, and further evidence is needed to resolve this enigma.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jpad.2021.15

  Mild Alzheimers disease is the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 5070% of cases. […] Epidemiological studies have identified potential modifiable risk and protective factors for Alzheimers disease prevention. […] Therefore, epidemiological investigations are essential to identify risk and protective factors that strongly influence cognitive status. […] In fact, one-third of AD cases worldwide are attributable to underlying modifiable risk factors, which might modulate an individuals risk of developing AD. […] The number of dementia patients is projected to reach 152 million by mid-century worldwide, with the greatest increase expected in low-and middle-income countries. […] Evidence-based prevention strategies, in line with the potential link between modifiable risk factors and late-onset AD, need to be explored in future studies.

• #1 Epidemiology, pathology, and pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-pathogenesis-of-dementia-with-lewy-bodies

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common causes of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia. DLB often presents a diagnostic challenge given its clinical heterogeneity and overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases. […] DLB, although once considered rare, is recognized as a common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, affecting up to 5 percent of the general population and accounting for as much as 30 percent of all dementia cases. Such prevalence estimates place DLB as one of the most common causes of dementia, superseded only by Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Incidence rates have been estimated at 0.1 percent per year in the general population but up to 3.2 percent for new dementia cases. […] Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, the prevalence of DLB increases with age, with an average age at presentation of 75 years. DLB has been reported to occur more frequently in males, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. However, a separate study showed an increased prevalence of Lewy body pathology in females compared with males.

• #1 Dementia epidemiology in Hungary based on data from neurological and psychiatric specialty services | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89179-3

  In aging societies, dementia is receiving increased attention due to its significant healthcare, societal and economic burden. Approximately 4550 million people lived with dementia worldwide in 2015, and this number is expected to increase to 130 million by 2050. […] Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of MCI and dementia (with its subtypes) in Hungary using data from the health insurance database and to compare the Hungarian data with the international ones. […] In our study, the ratio of the VaD and AD diagnoses was reversed, 2.54 times more VaD diagnoses were assigned than AD (this ratio includes mixed diagnoses also). When accounting pure VaD and AD diagnoses (only 36,204 and 9165 patients over the six years, respectively), VaD:AD ratio increases to 3.95:1. Our results showed that both dementia and MCI were significantly underdiagnosed and the categorization of patients into dementia subtypes is also different from international data.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/global-dementia-observatory-gdo

  The Global Dementia Observatory (GDO) is the monitoring and accountability mechanism for the Global action plan on the public response to dementia 2017-25. It collates data from WHO Member States on 35 key dementia indicators to strengthen countries ability to respond to the needs of people with dementia, their carers and families. Specifically, a core set of GDO indicators is used to measure individual countries contributions towards achieving the global targets of the Global dementia action plan. As of August 2021, 62 countries have contributed data to the GDO during the first round of data collection (2018-2020). The next round of GDO data collection is planned to commence in 2022. […] In 2019, Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia ranked as the 7th leading cause of death. […] In 2019, the total global societal cost of dementia was estimated to be US$ 1.3 trillion. […] DALYs from Alzheimer’s disease have more than doubled between 2000 and 2019.

• #1 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

  https://www.e-arm.org/journal/view.php?number=4255

  This dementia epidemiology fact sheet 2022 is aimed at providing an overview of the epidemiology of dementia in Korea using representative government-led data. This review summarizes the prevalence and incidence of this condition using various types of data. The prevalence and incidence of dementia have increased and are predicted to continue to do so. This information will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention. […] Dementia has a profound impact at both individual and societal levels, such that the estimated health-economic cost per capita for dementia in Korea was approximately US$ 6,957 in 2019. Recognizing the enormous impact of dementia in Korea, the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine launched its first Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet in 2022, with a plan to update it periodically.

• #1 Vascular Dementia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/292105-overview

  In patients with dementia who have had a stroke, the increase in mortality is significant. The 5-year survival rate is 39% for patients with vascular dementia compared with 75% for age-matched controls. Vascular dementia is associated with a higher mortality rate than Alzheimer disease (AD), presumably because of the coexistence of other atherosclerotic diseases. According to some studies, vascular dementia shortens life expectancy by approximately 50% in men, in persons with lower education, and in persons who perform worse on neuropsychological tests. The causes of death are due to complications of dementia, cardiovascular disease, and miscellaneous factors, including malignancy. Study on causes of death in patients with dementia showed that circulatory system disorders (eg, ischemic heart disease) is the most common immediate cause of death in vascular dementia, followed by respiratory system diseases (eg, pneumonia). A study of hospitalization rates in patients with dementia showed that persons who developed different types of incident dementia, including vascular dementia, were found to have an increased risk of hospitalization, including hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions.

• #1 Dementia DataHub: Visualizing Diagnosed Dementia in Medicare | NORC at the University of Chicago

  https://www.norc.org/research/projects/dementia-datahub.html

  Epidemiological information about dementia is badly needed in the United States. […] The United States has lacked a surveillance system for ADRD, limiting our understanding of its total burden and the distribution of this burden by demographic group and geography. […] The 2020 update to the National Alzheimers Project Acts National Plan to Address Alzheimers Disease recognizes the need for increased surveillance of dementia, stating, Data and surveillance efforts are paramount to tracking the burden and assist with understanding health disparities among populations such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income populations, rural residents, and sexual and gender minorities. […] Innovative surveillance systems based on secondary data sources can help the research community and public better understand ADRD epidemiology and plan public health services.

• #1 Dementia DataHub: Visualizing Diagnosed Dementia in Medicare | NORC at the University of Chicago

  https://www.norc.org/research/projects/dementia-datahub.html

  NORC created a surveillance system using Medicare claims and encounter data. […] Medicare data on people diagnosed with ADRD can be used to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and other outcomes of ADRD. […] To address these limitations, NORC first conducted a systematic review of published diagnostic code case definitions to create evidence-supported definitions that can be used for national surveillance. […] This validation will help us refine our case definitions in future system updates and estimate how many undiagnosed cases exist for every diagnosed case and how this rate varies by demography and region. […] The Dementia DataHub provides the nation with the first geographic estimates of diagnosed dementia prevalence, incidence, payments, mortality, and COVID-19 infection among people with diagnosed dementia. […] In subsequent years, the Dementia DataHub will expand to include new indicators and data sources, information obtained through the projects validation study, and research on drivers and determinants of geographic variation in dementia outcomes.

• #1 Dementia in Canada, including Alzheimer’s Disease: Highlights from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/dementia-highlights-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance.html

  According to the World Health Organization, 47.5 million people live with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, worldwide. As these conditions progress, they become highly debilitating for affected individuals and lead to major health impacts. With a growing and aging population, the number of Canadians living with dementia is expected to increase in future decades, with corresponding implications for health care needs and use. By 2031, it is projected that the total annual health care costs for Canadians with dementia will have doubled those from two decades earlier, from $8.3 billion to $16.6 billion. […] Using data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is able to conduct national surveillance for diagnosed dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, to support the planning and evaluation of related policies, programs, and services.

• #1 Enhanced Dementia Surveillance Initiative – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/dementia/what-canadas-doing/enhanced-dementia-surveillance-initiative.html

  The Enhanced Dementia Surveillance Initiative aimed to support the implementation of A Dementia Strategy for Canada: Together We Aspire. The initiative funded 15 projects with $10 million over 5 years (2019 to 2024). […] This initiative aimed to inform public health actions with new findings from surveillance and data. The funding period ended, but the Public Health Agency of Canada continues the routine surveillance of dementia using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System. Approaches and methodologies developed by the projects will be assessed for future surveillance improvements. […] This body of work helped address 3 data gaps: […] This data gap included: […] This data gap included: […] This data gap included: […] To support the projects under the initiative, there were 3 funding mechanisms that engaged stakeholders and partners:

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/dementia-profile-updates

  Data relating to people with dementia, such as prevalence and diagnostics, risk factors, use of hospital services and mortality. […] An indicator update for December 2024 is now available in the dementia surveillance factsheet. […] The dementia profile is designed to improve the availability and accessibility of information on dementia. […] Indicators in the dementia profile are shown for integrated care boards (ICBs) and sub locations (sub ICBs) where used, and for local authority geographies. This data gives local commissioners and providers the information needed to benchmark current practice against other areas in England and the England level. […] The dementia surveillance factsheet has been updated with December 2024 data. […] Updated indicators in the dying well domain of the dementia profile (with data for multiple years up to 2023). October 2024 data update for indicators in the dementia surveillance factsheet.

• #1 Data, Assessment, and Analysis | Alzheimer’s Association

  https://www.alz.org/professionals/public-health/public-health-topics/data-assessment-analysis

  Surveillance collecting data, insight and information is an essential function of public health. Through data collection, needs assessment, and analysis, public health officials and policymakers can better understand the extent of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia and their impact, and drive positive changes to address the problem. This page provides information on how to collect data and use it. […] The BRFSS Cognitive Decline module (PDF) is the only source of state-specific data on cognitive health. The module measures subjective cognitive decline (SCD) self-reported difficulties in thinking or memory that have been getting worse over the past year and what impact SCD has on everyday life. SCD is often one of the earliest warning signs of dementia and understanding the current and potential future scope of thinking and memory difficulties can help public health agencies address and prepare for this burden.

• #1 Development and validation of a predictive algorithm for risk of dementia in the community setting | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

  https://jech.bmj.com/content/75/9/843

  Most dementia algorithms are unsuitable for population-level assessment and planning as they are designed for use in the clinical setting. […] The Dementia Population Risk Tool (DemPoRT) was derived using Ontario respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey (survey years 2001 to 2012). […] This algorithm will support the development and evaluation of population-level dementia prevention strategies, support decision-making for population health and can be used by individuals or their clinicians for individual risk assessment. […] The objective of this study was to develop and validate a risk algorithm for dementia incidence in the community setting using population health survey data. […] DemPoRT can also be used by individual patients or their clinicians to assess dementia risk and inform decisions about lifestyle modification. […] DemPoRT is the first multivariable predictive risk algorithm for dementia designed specifically for use by population health planners, with favourable performance despite using only self-reported population-level data and without the use of neuropsychological or genetic testing.

• #1 Charting Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Epidemiological Insights, Risk Factors and Prevention Pathways

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/14/4100

  A scientific report has recently identified 12 modifiable dementia risk factors (i.e., low education, arterial hypertension, hearing loss, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, low social contact, excessive alcohol consumption, head injury, and air pollution), which collectively account for almost 40% of the worldwide burden of dementia. […] The Lancet Commission has proposed 12 main modifiable risk factors associated with dementia at different weights (range: 1–8%, with education and hearing loss being the highest versus alcohol, obesity, and diabetes as the lowest) and life periods. […] The main objective of this review is to outline the current state of evidence concerning the modifiable factors associated with dementia/AD. Specifically, we examine epidemiological trends across different cohorts, risk and protective modifiable factors, and general strategies to delay dementia onset.

• #1 About Dementia | Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/about/index.html

  Dementia is not a specific disease. It is an overall term that describes a decline in mental ability that interferes with daily life. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior. […] An estimated 6.7 million older adults have Alzheimer’s disease in the United States. That number is expected to double by 2060. […] By 2060, nearly 14 million adults are projected to have Alzheimer’s disease in the United States. […] Nearly 45% of all dementia cases may be prevented or delayed by making healthy lifestyle changes. […] If you think you or a loved one may have dementia, talk to a health care provider. The provider can work with you to figure out the problem and what might be causing it. […] The sooner you can diagnose dementia, the sooner you can begin to treat it to slow its progression. […] The type of treatment used for dementia depends on the underlying cause.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jpad.2021.15

  It is imperative to increase the cognitive reserve mainly via enhancing education attainment and promoting social contact. […] Early screening and intervention of vascular risks as well as maintaining good cardiovascular conditions should become the top priority for AD prevention. […] Many longitudinal studies have identified various risk and protective factors for AD, including some that could be targeted to reduce risk of AD or delay the onset of AD, suitable preventions might help slow down the progress of AD. […] Additionally, environment protection especially targeting air pollutants would be of great importance to AD prevention.

• #1 Dementia in Canada, including Alzheimer’s Disease: Highlights from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/dementia-highlights-canadian-chronic-disease-surveillance.html

  In addition to CCDSS data on the burden of diagnosed dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, further information on associated health impacts was collected using the Survey on Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada. Almost half (48.4%) of Canadians aged 35 years and older with dementia reported having fair or poor general health, and almost one-third (29.7%) having mood disorders. Dementia was associated with high levels of overall disability and specific functional impairments. […] The causes of dementia are not all specifically known, and there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia. Non-modifiable risk factors such as age, sex, and genetics are associated with the development of dementia. Depending on the type of dementia, research also points to preventable risk factors, including risk factors for vascular disease (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia), unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, severe brain injury, and environmental factors. Healthy lifestyles, control of vascular risk factors, higher level of education, participation in cognitively stimulating activities, social engagement, and medications may help to delay onset, reduce symptoms, slow progression and improve quality of life among people affected. However, more research is needed to better understand the causes of the different types of dementia, and the most effective ways to prevent, identify and treat them.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/epidem/fulltext/2019/03000/comparison_of_methods_for_algorithmic.20.aspx

  Dementia ascertainment is time-consuming and costly. Several algorithms use existing data from the US-representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to algorithmically identify dementia. However, relative performance of these algorithms remains unknown. […] The objective of this study was to conduct a head-to-head comparison of existing algorithms for algorithmic classification of dementia in HRS. […] We conclude with a discussion of when use of one or more of these algorithms may be appropriate. […] This article provides a head-to-head comparison of existing algorithms for classifying dementia status in HRS participants. Generally, HW maximized specificity, Crimmins maximized sensitivity, and Wu and Hurd maximized accuracy. […] Overall accuracy of algorithmic diagnoses was uniformly worse among race/ethnic minorities, older adults, and less-educated participants when compared with their complements, driven by substantial differences in sensitivity and specificity across subgroups.

• #1 Population Surveillance of Dementia Mortality

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/4/1244

  This analysis of data from the US multiple cause files is the first to our knowledge to establish inter- and intra-state patterns of geographic variation in death with or Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. […] Marked geographic variation in rates of death with all dementia and Alzheimer’s disease occurred among US states and counties and over time. […] Further research is needed to assess variation in artifacts of certification versus variation in disease incidence or duration as possible causes of geographic and temporal variation.

• #1 Dementia

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dementia/?srsltid=AfmBOorzkv-0F7NsOmOPvYQzBxfbai6r2aK2-fF8mGd2vblcfTo1DyJr

  Worldwide, it is estimated that over 55 million people are living with dementia, with an average of nearly 10 million new cases every year (World Health Organization, 2023). […] The estimated incidence of mild cognitive impairment increases with increased age. The estimated number of new diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment each year per every 1,000 individuals is approximately 22.5 for individuals aged 75-79 years, 60.1 for individuals aged 80-84 years, and 60.1 for individuals aged 85 years or older (Gillis et al., 2019). […] The proportion of older adults with dementia declined from 2011 to 2019 (Freedman Cornman 2023). It is suspected that reasons for this decline include increased efficacy of treatment for the risk factors associated with dementia and higher cognitive reserves (i.e., higher education levels) seen in successive birth cohorts (Zissimopoulos et al., 2018). Despite this trend, it is expected that the absolute number of people affected by dementia will increase over time due to increased life expectancy and population growth (GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators, 2022). […] Age is the greatest nonmodifiable risk factor for dementia. Every 5 years after age 65, the number of individuals with Alzheimers disease doubles; about one third of people over age 85 have the disease (National Institute on Aging, 2017).

• #1 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

  https://www.e-arm.org/journal/view.php?number=4255

  This review shows an increasing trend in both the prevalence and incidence of dementia in Korea using representative, government-led data. This updated epidemiological data will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention. Additionally, the utilization of diverse data sources allows for a considerably broader perspective of dementia.

• #1 Local dementia statistics | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/policy-and-influencing/local-dementia-statistics

  Get local dementia statistics by exploring Integrated Care System (ICS) data using our interactive map. […] Understanding the scale of dementia within an area is paramount for providing high quality local services that serve the whole community. […] There are currently estimated to be 982,000 people living with dementia in the UK and this is projected to rise to 1.4 million in 2040. The scale and the need to prevent, diagnose, support, live and die well with dementia will only become greater. […] Integrated Care Systems (ICS) have a key role to play in ensuring that high quality care and support is provided to all people affected by dementia. […] Since July 2022, there are 42 ICS across England. Their aim is to bring together health and social care organisations to make joint decisions on how best to allocate resources, and how those resources will support people affected by dementia.

Zobacz więcej