Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. […] The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain.

• #2 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Unlike signs, symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain. […] Finally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms. For example, most individuals infected with herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and are unaware that they have been infected.

• #3 Infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

  Disease can arise if the host’s protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. […] Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. […] The immune system response to a microorganism often causes symptoms such as a high fever and inflammation, and has the potential to be more devastating than direct damage caused by a microbe.

• #4 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. […] The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain.

• #5 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Unlike signs, symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain. […] Finally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms. For example, most individuals infected with herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and are unaware that they have been infected.

• #6 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Unlike signs, symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain. […] Finally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms. For example, most individuals infected with herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and are unaware that they have been infected.

• #7 16.1 Characteristics of Infectious Disease – Microbiology: Canadian Edition

  https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/microbio/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain. […] A specific group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease is called a syndrome. […] Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that different microorganisms can cause similar signs and symptoms in a patient. […] Finally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms.

• #8 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  A specific group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease is called a syndrome. […] The progression of an infectious disease can be divided into five periods, which are related to the number of pathogen particles and the severity of signs and symptoms. […] The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host. […] During this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation.

• #9 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #10 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  A specific group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease is called a syndrome. […] The progression of an infectious disease can be divided into five periods, which are related to the number of pathogen particles and the severity of signs and symptoms. […] The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host. […] During this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation.

• #11 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods. The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #12 What are the 5 stages of infection?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection

  There are five stages of infection, each with a different duration and symptoms. These differences also depend on the type of infection. […] Infection occurs when an organism, such as a virus or bacterium, invades the body. The infectious agent rapidly multiplies in the body’s tissues. Although not all infections result in disease, some can trigger the immune system, causing symptoms of illness. […] The incubation stage includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms. […] Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage. […] The prodromal stage refers to the period after incubation and before the characteristic symptoms of infection occur. […] During this stage, the infectious agent continues replicating, which triggers the body’s immune response and mild, nonspecific symptoms. These symptoms can include low-grade fever and fatigue.

• #13 Stages of Infection | Nursing | Video

  https://www.jove.com/science-education/v/13230/stages-of-infection

  Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to twelve days. […] During the prodromal stage, the pathogen continues replicating, which activates the body’s immune response, allowing mild, nonspecific symptoms to appear. This stage lasts from several hours to several days. […] In the stage of illness, the infected person shows noticeable symptoms of infectious disease. The symptoms may be localized or systemic. Localized symptoms affect only one body area, for example, an abscess on the leg. Whereas systemic symptoms affect the entire body and are commonly observed with infections, systemic symptoms affect the entire body.

• #14 10.3B: Disease Development – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Epidemiology/10.03%3A_Disease_Patterns/10.3B%3A_Disease_Development

  After an infectious agent invades a host (patient), it undergoes a series of phases (stages) that will eventually lead to its multiplication and release from the host. […] This refers to the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, and from when symptoms and signs are first apparent. It may be as short as minutes to as long as thirty years in the case of variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease. […] A person may be a carrier of a disease, such as Streptococcus in the throat, without exhibiting any symptoms. […] In this phase, the numbers of the infectious agents start increasing and the immune system starts reacting to them. It is characterized by early symptoms that might indicate the start of a disease before specific symptoms occur. […] This stage is characterized by active replication or multiplication of the pathogen and its numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are very pronounced, both specific to the organ affected as well as in general due to the strong reaction of the immune system.

• #15 Incubation Period (Incubation Time) of Infections & Diseases

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/incubation-period

  The incubation periods for STIs can vary widely. […] The incubation period for a stomach bug (commonly called the stomach flu, gastric flu or food poisoning) depends on the specific bug thats making you sick. […] Often, the answer is yes. The incubation period and the infectious period commonly overlap. In other words, you can often spread germs before you even have symptoms. […] Knowing the incubation period for specific diseases can help you trace where and when you or your child picked up germs. […] But theres a catch incubation periods are estimates drawn from research. Theyre credible and accurate, but there are always outliers. That means some people might get sick sooner or later than expected after an exposure. Factors like your age or the amount of germs you were exposed to might play a role in how slow or fast you develop symptoms.

• #16 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  A specific group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease is called a syndrome. […] The progression of an infectious disease can be divided into five periods, which are related to the number of pathogen particles and the severity of signs and symptoms. […] The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host. […] During this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation.

• #17 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods. The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #18 What are the 5 stages of infection?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection

  There are five stages of infection, each with a different duration and symptoms. These differences also depend on the type of infection. […] Infection occurs when an organism, such as a virus or bacterium, invades the body. The infectious agent rapidly multiplies in the body’s tissues. Although not all infections result in disease, some can trigger the immune system, causing symptoms of illness. […] The incubation stage includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms. […] Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage. […] The prodromal stage refers to the period after incubation and before the characteristic symptoms of infection occur. […] During this stage, the infectious agent continues replicating, which triggers the body’s immune response and mild, nonspecific symptoms. These symptoms can include low-grade fever and fatigue.

• #19 Stages of Infection | Nursing | Video

  https://www.jove.com/science-education/v/13230/stages-of-infection

  Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to twelve days. […] During the prodromal stage, the pathogen continues replicating, which activates the body’s immune response, allowing mild, nonspecific symptoms to appear. This stage lasts from several hours to several days. […] In the stage of illness, the infected person shows noticeable symptoms of infectious disease. The symptoms may be localized or systemic. Localized symptoms affect only one body area, for example, an abscess on the leg. Whereas systemic symptoms affect the entire body and are commonly observed with infections, systemic symptoms affect the entire body.

• #20 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair. […] Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #21 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods. The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #22 Stages of Infection | Nursing | Video

  https://www.jove.com/science-education/v/13230/stages-of-infection

  Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to twelve days. […] During the prodromal stage, the pathogen continues replicating, which activates the body’s immune response, allowing mild, nonspecific symptoms to appear. This stage lasts from several hours to several days. […] In the stage of illness, the infected person shows noticeable symptoms of infectious disease. The symptoms may be localized or systemic. Localized symptoms affect only one body area, for example, an abscess on the leg. Whereas systemic symptoms affect the entire body and are commonly observed with infections, systemic symptoms affect the entire body.

• #23 10.3B: Disease Development – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Epidemiology/10.03%3A_Disease_Patterns/10.3B%3A_Disease_Development

  After an infectious agent invades a host (patient), it undergoes a series of phases (stages) that will eventually lead to its multiplication and release from the host. […] This refers to the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, and from when symptoms and signs are first apparent. It may be as short as minutes to as long as thirty years in the case of variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease. […] A person may be a carrier of a disease, such as Streptococcus in the throat, without exhibiting any symptoms. […] In this phase, the numbers of the infectious agents start increasing and the immune system starts reacting to them. It is characterized by early symptoms that might indicate the start of a disease before specific symptoms occur. […] This stage is characterized by active replication or multiplication of the pathogen and its numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are very pronounced, both specific to the organ affected as well as in general due to the strong reaction of the immune system.

• #24 10.3B: Disease Development – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Epidemiology/10.03%3A_Disease_Patterns/10.3B%3A_Disease_Development

  The classic symptoms of a bacterial infection are localized redness, heat, swelling and pain. […] The patient recovers gradually and returns to normal, but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better. […] As the pathogen starts to reproduce actively, the symptoms intensify. Bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms but there are some differences too. […] The last phases are characterized by decline in symptoms severity until their disappearance. However, even if the patients recover and return to normal, they may continue to be a source of infection.

• #25 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair. […] Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #26 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods. The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #27 Stages of Infection | Nursing | Video

  https://www.jove.com/science-education/v/13230/stages-of-infection

  The type of infection specifies the illness’s length and the manifestations’ severity. The immune system fights infections after an illness, and symptoms usually improve gradually. However, secondary infections may occur if the primary infection has compromised a person’s immune system. For instance, if strep throat spreads throughout the body and infects the patient’s heart valves, the heart valves may never fully recover, and heart failure may set in. […] Finally, during the convalescent period, the patient regains their health, although some diseases may cause permanent damage.

• #28 What are the 5 stages of infection?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection

  The third stage of infection is an illness or clinical disease. This stage includes the time when a person shows apparent symptoms of an infectious disease. […] The symptoms of infection vary widely depending on the underlying cause. […] In general, people who have an active infection may experience fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. […] Symptoms of respiratory infections, such as the common cold or influenza, include persistent cough, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. […] Gastrointestinal infections can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] During the decline stage, the immune system mounts a successful defense against the pathogens, and the number of infectious particles decreases. Symptoms will gradually improve.

• #29 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-mcc-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair. […] Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #30 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods. The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). It is during this time the pathogen begins multiplying in the host. However, there are insufficient numbers of pathogen particles (cells or viruses) present to cause signs and symptoms of disease. […] The prodromal period occurs after the incubation period. During this phase, the pathogen continues to multiply and the host begins to experience general signs and symptoms of illness, which typically result from activation of the immune system, such as fever, pain, soreness, swelling, or inflammation. […] Following the prodromal period is the period of illness, during which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious, specific and severe. […] The period of illness is followed by the period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. […] The final period is known as the period of convalescence. During this stage, the patient generally returns to normal functions, although some diseases may inflict permanent damage that the body cannot fully repair.

• #31 What are the 5 stages of infection?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-stages-of-infection

  The final stage of infection is known as convalescence. During this stage, symptoms resolve, and a person can return to their normal functions. […] Depending on the severity of the infection, some people may have permanent damage even after the infection resolves. […] HIV damages the immune system. If left untreated, HIV progresses into AIDS. […] The CDC list three stages of HIV: Stage 1: Acute HIV infection, Stage 2: Chronic HIV infection, Stage 3: AIDS. […] During the illness stage, a person shows the characteristic symptoms of infection, such as a rash in chickenpox or vomiting due to food poisoning. […] The decline stage occurs when the number of infectious microbes declines and symptoms resolve. […] The final stage is convalescence. During this stage, symptoms disappear, and the body starts to recover.

• #32 Stages of Infectious Disease Progression Explained: Definition, Examples, Practice & Video Lessons

  https://www.pearson.com/channels/microbiology/learn/jason/ch-24-principles-of-disease/stages-of-infectious-disease-progression

  The period of convalescence is characterized by recovery and recuperation. During this stage, the host’s immune system eliminates the pathogen, and symptoms gradually disappear. However, the immune system may still be weak, making the host susceptible to secondary infections. This period marks the final stage of the infectious disease progression, where the host regains health and normal function.

• #33 Infectious diseases – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173

  Symptoms of infectious diseases vary depending on the cause of the infection. But they often include fever and tiredness. […] Each infectious disease has its own specific symptoms. But some illnesses share general symptoms, such as: Fever. Faster heartbeat. Diarrhea. Tiredness, also called fatigue. Muscle aches. Coughing. Night sweats. […] Some infectious diseases cause minor health problems, such as the common cold. Others can become life-threatening, such as pneumonia and meningitis. A few types of infections have been linked to a long-term higher risk of cancer. The germs that cause some infectious diseases also may become inactive, only to cause problems again in the future. For example, someone who’s had chickenpox may develop shingles much later in life.

• #34 Infectious diseases – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173

  Symptoms of infectious diseases vary depending on the cause of the infection. But they often include fever and tiredness. […] Each infectious disease has its own specific symptoms. But some illnesses share general symptoms, such as: Fever. Faster heartbeat. Diarrhea. Tiredness, also called fatigue. Muscle aches. Coughing. Night sweats. […] Some infectious diseases cause minor health problems, such as the common cold. Others can become life-threatening, such as pneumonia and meningitis. A few types of infections have been linked to a long-term higher risk of cancer. The germs that cause some infectious diseases also may become inactive, only to cause problems again in the future. For example, someone who’s had chickenpox may develop shingles much later in life.

• #35 Infectious Disease: Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

  Symptoms of infectious diseases depend on the type of illness. Fungal infections usually cause localized symptoms, like rash and itching. Viral and bacterial infections can have symptoms in many areas of your body, like: […] It’s important to see a doctor if you have any chronic (ongoing) symptoms or symptoms that get worse over time. […] You may develop symptoms when your cells are damaged or destroyed by the invading organism and as your immune system responds to the infection. […] With treatment, most people get better after being sick with an infectious disease. […] Sometimes there can still be serious complications, especially with respiratory illnesses. People with compromised immune systems are more at risk for serious complications, but they can happen in healthy people too.

• #36 Infectious Disease: Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

  Symptoms of infectious diseases depend on the type of illness. Fungal infections usually cause localized symptoms, like rash and itching. Viral and bacterial infections can have symptoms in many areas of your body, like: […] It’s important to see a doctor if you have any chronic (ongoing) symptoms or symptoms that get worse over time. […] You may develop symptoms when your cells are damaged or destroyed by the invading organism and as your immune system responds to the infection. […] With treatment, most people get better after being sick with an infectious disease. […] Sometimes there can still be serious complications, especially with respiratory illnesses. People with compromised immune systems are more at risk for serious complications, but they can happen in healthy people too.

• #37 Different Types of Pediatric Infectious Diseases | Symptoms & Treatment | Surya Hospitals

  https://suryahospitals.com/blog/types-of-pediatric-infectious-diseases

  Depending on the organism causing the illness, signs and symptoms of pediatric infectious disease might vary, but fever and fatigue are common ones. […] Pediatric infectious disease symptoms vary. Fungal infections typically cause localized symptoms like redness and itching. Bacterial and viral infections can have symptoms in many areas of your body, such as: Fever, Cough, Chills, Fatigue, Congestion, Muscle pain, Headache, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (gastrointestinal symptoms).

• #38 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Common Signs and Features by Organ System […] An infection is the invasion of the body by a disease-causing organism called a pathogen. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and can develop in any organ system of the body. […] The signs and symptoms of an infection can also vary. Some are generalized and nonspecific, like fever, fatigue, and chills. Others are specific to the body part, such as a rash, coughing, or swelling of a joint. […] Whenever an infection is established, the body’s first-line response is inflammatory. Inflammation is the body’s way of defending itself against disease while promoting the healing of affected tissues. Inflammation is characterized by five cardinal signs: redness, swelling, heat, pain, and the temporary loss of tissue function.

• #39 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  During an infection, people often experience nonspecific, generalized symptoms as a result of the underlying inflammatory response. The signs and severity can differ based on the affected organ system but may include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Fatigue, Malaise, Muscle aches, Joint aches, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Acute infections can cause acute inflammation (characterized by rapid onset and resolution), while chronic infections can cause chronic inflammation (characterized by persistence and the progressive destruction of tissues by the inflammatory process). […] Symptoms can vary based on the part of the tract affected but often include: Sneezing, Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal discharge, Scratchy or sore throat, Pain when swallowing, Coughing, Sinus pain. Fever, headaches, and malaise are also common.

• #40 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  During an infection, people often experience nonspecific, generalized symptoms as a result of the underlying inflammatory response. The signs and severity can differ based on the affected organ system but may include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Fatigue, Malaise, Muscle aches, Joint aches, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Acute infections can cause acute inflammation (characterized by rapid onset and resolution), while chronic infections can cause chronic inflammation (characterized by persistence and the progressive destruction of tissues by the inflammatory process). […] Symptoms can vary based on the part of the tract affected but often include: Sneezing, Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal discharge, Scratchy or sore throat, Pain when swallowing, Coughing, Sinus pain. Fever, headaches, and malaise are also common.

• #41 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  During an infection, people often experience nonspecific, generalized symptoms as a result of the underlying inflammatory response. The signs and severity can differ based on the affected organ system but may include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Fatigue, Malaise, Muscle aches, Joint aches, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Acute infections can cause acute inflammation (characterized by rapid onset and resolution), while chronic infections can cause chronic inflammation (characterized by persistence and the progressive destruction of tissues by the inflammatory process). […] Symptoms can vary based on the part of the tract affected but often include: Sneezing, Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal discharge, Scratchy or sore throat, Pain when swallowing, Coughing, Sinus pain. Fever, headaches, and malaise are also common.

• #42 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  During an infection, people often experience nonspecific, generalized symptoms as a result of the underlying inflammatory response. The signs and severity can differ based on the affected organ system but may include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Fatigue, Malaise, Muscle aches, Joint aches, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Acute infections can cause acute inflammation (characterized by rapid onset and resolution), while chronic infections can cause chronic inflammation (characterized by persistence and the progressive destruction of tissues by the inflammatory process). […] Symptoms can vary based on the part of the tract affected but often include: Sneezing, Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal discharge, Scratchy or sore throat, Pain when swallowing, Coughing, Sinus pain. Fever, headaches, and malaise are also common.

• #43 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #44 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #45 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of a blood infection may include: Fever and chills, Rapid breathing, Rapid heart rate, Low body temperature, Clammy skin, Extreme fatigue and weakness, Nausea or vomiting, Decreased urination, Difficulty breathing, Pale, blotchy, or bluish skin, Changes in mental state, Fainting or unconsciousness. […] Symptoms of viral hepatitis may include: Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea or vomiting, Abdominal pain, Dark urine, Light-colored stools, Joint pain, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal tract infection may include: Abdominal cramps, Diarrhea, Nausea and vomiting, Fever, Muscle aches, Headache, Fatigue. […] Symptoms of an ear infection may include: Ear pain, Ear redness or swelling, Muffled hearing, Fever, Headache, Ringing in the ears, Drainage of fluid from the ear, Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, Vertigo (a dizzy feeling like your surroundings are spinning), Loss of balance and falling, Nausea or vomiting.

• #46 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of a blood infection may include: Fever and chills, Rapid breathing, Rapid heart rate, Low body temperature, Clammy skin, Extreme fatigue and weakness, Nausea or vomiting, Decreased urination, Difficulty breathing, Pale, blotchy, or bluish skin, Changes in mental state, Fainting or unconsciousness. […] Symptoms of viral hepatitis may include: Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Nausea or vomiting, Abdominal pain, Dark urine, Light-colored stools, Joint pain, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). […] Symptoms of a gastrointestinal tract infection may include: Abdominal cramps, Diarrhea, Nausea and vomiting, Fever, Muscle aches, Headache, Fatigue. […] Symptoms of an ear infection may include: Ear pain, Ear redness or swelling, Muffled hearing, Fever, Headache, Ringing in the ears, Drainage of fluid from the ear, Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, Vertigo (a dizzy feeling like your surroundings are spinning), Loss of balance and falling, Nausea or vomiting.

• #47 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #48 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #49 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #50 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Symptoms of an LRTI may include: Coughing with or without mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Rapid, shallow breathing, Fever, Fatigue, Crackling lung sounds, Loss of appetite. Severe LRTIs can cause cyanosis, a condition in which the lips and skin can turn a bluish color due to the lack of blood oxygen. […] Symptoms of a UTI can differ based on the location of the infection but may include: Back or flank pain, Pelvic pressure, Lower abdominal discomfort, Pain or burning when urinating, A persistent urge to urinate, Difficulty urinating, Urethral discharge, Cloudy urine, Blood in urine. Severe UTIs may cause fever with chills as well as nausea and vomiting. […] Symptoms of a brain or spinal cord infection can differ by severity and may include: Sudden fever, Stiff neck, Severe headache, Difficulty concentrating, Light sensitivity, Sleepiness, Nausea or vomiting, Confusion, Difficulty walking, No appetite or thirst, Seizures.

• #51 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Signs and symptoms of a vaginal infection may include: Vaginal redness and swelling, Itchiness, often intense, Thick, white or gray vaginal discharge, Burning or pain when urinating, A strong, fishlike odor (especially with BV), Pain with sex, Swollen lymph nodes in the groin. […] Symptoms vary not only by sex but also by the site of the infection. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. […] Signs of a skin infection may include: Skin redness, Pain and tenderness, Swelling, Warmth to the touch, Rashes or lesions, Fluid-filled blisters or bullae, Pus-filled bumps or masses, Ulcerative sores, Changes in skin texture or color. Fever and chills can sometimes accompany an acute skin infection, along with increasing pain, tenderness, and swelling.

• #52 Infection Symptoms: Signs of Common Bacterial and Viral Infections

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/infection-symptoms-5185799

  Signs and symptoms of a vaginal infection may include: Vaginal redness and swelling, Itchiness, often intense, Thick, white or gray vaginal discharge, Burning or pain when urinating, A strong, fishlike odor (especially with BV), Pain with sex, Swollen lymph nodes in the groin. […] Symptoms vary not only by sex but also by the site of the infection. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. […] Signs of a skin infection may include: Skin redness, Pain and tenderness, Swelling, Warmth to the touch, Rashes or lesions, Fluid-filled blisters or bullae, Pus-filled bumps or masses, Ulcerative sores, Changes in skin texture or color. Fever and chills can sometimes accompany an acute skin infection, along with increasing pain, tenderness, and swelling.

• #53 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Infections can sometimes leave people with symptoms that last for weeks to months or longer, even after appropriate treatment. […] Some of these symptoms are well-recognized and specific to the type of infection, for example, loss of smell and COVID-19. […] Other symptoms are unexplained and general (e.g., fatigue or difficulty thinking). […] Similar symptoms can follow many different types of infections. […] General symptoms can include: Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life […] „Flu-like” symptoms including, muscle pain, headache, sweating, irritability, and general feelings of sickness […] Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort (also known as „post-exertional malaise”) […] Difficulty thinking or concentrating (sometimes referred to as „brain fog”), trouble finding words

• #54 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Infections can sometimes leave people with symptoms that last for weeks to months or longer, even after appropriate treatment. […] Some of these symptoms are well-recognized and specific to the type of infection, for example, loss of smell and COVID-19. […] Other symptoms are unexplained and general (e.g., fatigue or difficulty thinking). […] Similar symptoms can follow many different types of infections. […] General symptoms can include: Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life […] „Flu-like” symptoms including, muscle pain, headache, sweating, irritability, and general feelings of sickness […] Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort (also known as „post-exertional malaise”) […] Difficulty thinking or concentrating (sometimes referred to as „brain fog”), trouble finding words

• #55 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Infections can sometimes leave people with symptoms that last for weeks to months or longer, even after appropriate treatment. […] Some of these symptoms are well-recognized and specific to the type of infection, for example, loss of smell and COVID-19. […] Other symptoms are unexplained and general (e.g., fatigue or difficulty thinking). […] Similar symptoms can follow many different types of infections. […] General symptoms can include: Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life […] „Flu-like” symptoms including, muscle pain, headache, sweating, irritability, and general feelings of sickness […] Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort (also known as „post-exertional malaise”) […] Difficulty thinking or concentrating (sometimes referred to as „brain fog”), trouble finding words

• #56 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Infections can sometimes leave people with symptoms that last for weeks to months or longer, even after appropriate treatment. […] Some of these symptoms are well-recognized and specific to the type of infection, for example, loss of smell and COVID-19. […] Other symptoms are unexplained and general (e.g., fatigue or difficulty thinking). […] Similar symptoms can follow many different types of infections. […] General symptoms can include: Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life […] „Flu-like” symptoms including, muscle pain, headache, sweating, irritability, and general feelings of sickness […] Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort (also known as „post-exertional malaise”) […] Difficulty thinking or concentrating (sometimes referred to as „brain fog”), trouble finding words

• #57 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Chronic or recurrent joint pain […] Sleep problems. […] The type, duration, and intensity of chronic symptoms following an infection can be different from person to person. […] Symptoms may come and go or vary in severity (how bad the person feels over time). […] Some patients symptoms slowly improve with time. […] However, it can take weeks and sometimes years to feel well. […] The longer fatigue or other symptoms last, the more likely they are to lead to other problems, such as physical weakness or difficulty with performing daily activities. […] Long-term illnesses can also impact relationships and a persons mental health. […] In many cases, there are no specific treatments or cures for chronic symptoms following an infection. […] There are, however, steps you can take to reduce the impact these symptoms have on your life. […] Given the overlap in symptoms, management and treatment approaches for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be helpful for people experiencing chronic symptoms. […] Many infections can result in chronic general symptoms that look similar to ME/CFS.

• #58 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Chronic or recurrent joint pain […] Sleep problems. […] The type, duration, and intensity of chronic symptoms following an infection can be different from person to person. […] Symptoms may come and go or vary in severity (how bad the person feels over time). […] Some patients symptoms slowly improve with time. […] However, it can take weeks and sometimes years to feel well. […] The longer fatigue or other symptoms last, the more likely they are to lead to other problems, such as physical weakness or difficulty with performing daily activities. […] Long-term illnesses can also impact relationships and a persons mental health. […] In many cases, there are no specific treatments or cures for chronic symptoms following an infection. […] There are, however, steps you can take to reduce the impact these symptoms have on your life. […] Given the overlap in symptoms, management and treatment approaches for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be helpful for people experiencing chronic symptoms. […] Many infections can result in chronic general symptoms that look similar to ME/CFS.

• #59 About Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | Chronic Symptoms Following Infections | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-symptoms-following-infections/about/index.html

  Chronic or recurrent joint pain […] Sleep problems. […] The type, duration, and intensity of chronic symptoms following an infection can be different from person to person. […] Symptoms may come and go or vary in severity (how bad the person feels over time). […] Some patients symptoms slowly improve with time. […] However, it can take weeks and sometimes years to feel well. […] The longer fatigue or other symptoms last, the more likely they are to lead to other problems, such as physical weakness or difficulty with performing daily activities. […] Long-term illnesses can also impact relationships and a persons mental health. […] In many cases, there are no specific treatments or cures for chronic symptoms following an infection. […] There are, however, steps you can take to reduce the impact these symptoms have on your life. […] Given the overlap in symptoms, management and treatment approaches for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be helpful for people experiencing chronic symptoms. […] Many infections can result in chronic general symptoms that look similar to ME/CFS.

• #60 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Chickenpox is caused by the highly contagious varicella zoster virus and is spread by coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with skin lesions […] Chikungunya is an infection that can result in severe joint and muscle pain and is caused by a virus that spreads to people from the bite of an infected mosquito […] Dengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito and although symptoms can be mild, severe dengue can be life-threatening within a few hours […] Flu is a contagious disease caused by an influenza virus and can cause serious illness in people, even if they are otherwise healthy […] Hib disease is a serious illness that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other serious infections, with infants and children younger than age 5 years most at risk […] Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

• #61 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a potentially severe disease caused by a virus spread by infected mosquitos in Asia and the western Pacific […] Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can result in severe and sometimes permanent complications including pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death […] Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that most often leads to severe swelling of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) or bloodstream infection […] Mpox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with mpox virus and is spread through contact with an infected animal, human, or contaminated surface […] Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus that spreads easily through coughing and sneezing […] Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that spreads through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or contact with an infected person and can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain

• #62 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by common bacteria that can infect different parts of the body and is a leading cause of serious illness in people of all ages […] Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the nervous system and is spread through contact with the stool (feces) of an infected person or droplets from a sneeze or cough […] Rabies is a preventable viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal which can infect the central nervous system of mammals, ultimately causing disease in the brain and even death […] RSV is a respiratory virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages and can be serious, especially for infants and older adults […] Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that infects nearly all young children and is one of the most common and serious causes of severe diarrhea in the US

• #63 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is caused by a virus and can cause serious birth defects […] Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox which remains inactive in the body for life and can reactivate years, or even decades later, causing shingles […] Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs. TB is caused by a type of bacteria that spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze, or spit […] Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a serious infection that spreads easily from person to person and can cause coughing spells that are so severe that it can be hard to breathe, eat, or sleep […] Zika is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes and can be transmitted by pregnant women to developing babies, which can cause microcephaly and other serious birth defects.

• #64 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Chickenpox is caused by the highly contagious varicella zoster virus and is spread by coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with skin lesions […] Chikungunya is an infection that can result in severe joint and muscle pain and is caused by a virus that spreads to people from the bite of an infected mosquito […] Dengue viruses are spread through the bite of an infected mosquito and although symptoms can be mild, severe dengue can be life-threatening within a few hours […] Flu is a contagious disease caused by an influenza virus and can cause serious illness in people, even if they are otherwise healthy […] Hib disease is a serious illness that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other serious infections, with infants and children younger than age 5 years most at risk […] Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

• #65 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a potentially severe disease caused by a virus spread by infected mosquitos in Asia and the western Pacific […] Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can result in severe and sometimes permanent complications including pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death […] Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that most often leads to severe swelling of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) or bloodstream infection […] Mpox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with mpox virus and is spread through contact with an infected animal, human, or contaminated surface […] Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus that spreads easily through coughing and sneezing […] Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that spreads through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or contact with an infected person and can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain

• #66 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Pneumococcal disease is caused by common bacteria that can infect different parts of the body and is a leading cause of serious illness in people of all ages […] Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the nervous system and is spread through contact with the stool (feces) of an infected person or droplets from a sneeze or cough […] Rabies is a preventable viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal which can infect the central nervous system of mammals, ultimately causing disease in the brain and even death […] RSV is a respiratory virus that infects the lungs and breathing passages and can be serious, especially for infants and older adults […] Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that infects nearly all young children and is one of the most common and serious causes of severe diarrhea in the US

• #67 Infectious Diseases – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/

  Rubella, sometimes called German measles, is caused by a virus and can cause serious birth defects […] Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox which remains inactive in the body for life and can reactivate years, or even decades later, causing shingles […] Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs. TB is caused by a type of bacteria that spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze, or spit […] Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a serious infection that spreads easily from person to person and can cause coughing spells that are so severe that it can be hard to breathe, eat, or sleep […] Zika is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes and can be transmitted by pregnant women to developing babies, which can cause microcephaly and other serious birth defects.

• #68 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] Depending upon the pathogen, the disease, and the individual infected, transmission can still occur during the periods of decline, convalescence, and even long after signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication.

• #69 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication. Examples of diseases that go into a latent state after the acute infection include herpes, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #70 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] Depending upon the pathogen, the disease, and the individual infected, transmission can still occur during the periods of decline, convalescence, and even long after signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication.

• #71 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication. Examples of diseases that go into a latent state after the acute infection include herpes, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #72 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] Depending upon the pathogen, the disease, and the individual infected, transmission can still occur during the periods of decline, convalescence, and even long after signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication.

• #73 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication. Examples of diseases that go into a latent state after the acute infection include herpes, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #74 Stages of Infectious Disease Progression Explained: Definition, Examples, Practice & Video Lessons

  https://www.pearson.com/channels/microbiology/learn/jason/ch-24-principles-of-disease/stages-of-infectious-disease-progression

  During the incubation period of an infectious disease, the pathogen replicates within the host without causing any noticeable symptoms. This period can vary in length, lasting from days to years, depending on factors such as the pathogen’s growth rate, the host’s immune system, and the number of infectious agents. The incubation period ends when the first signs and symptoms of the disease begin to appear. […] Chronic infectious diseases differ from acute infectious diseases in that they have a prolonged period of illness that can last for years or even the host’s entire lifespan. Unlike acute infections, which typically progress through all five stages (incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence), chronic infections may not have a clear recovery phase. The number of infectious agents remains relatively high throughout the prolonged illness, and symptoms may be less severe or even asymptomatic.

• #75 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] Depending upon the pathogen, the disease, and the individual infected, transmission can still occur during the periods of decline, convalescence, and even long after signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication.

• #76 Characteristics of Infectious Disease | Microbiology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microbiology/chapter/characteristics-of-infectious-disease/

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication. Examples of diseases that go into a latent state after the acute infection include herpes, chickenpox, and mononucleosis. […] The periods of disease include the incubation period, the prodromal period, the period of illness, the period of decline, and the period of convalescence. These periods are marked by changes in the number of infectious agents and the severity of signs and symptoms.

• #77 How Infection Works – What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209710/

  Infection does not necessarily lead to disease. Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease, which typically happens in a small proportion of infected people, occurs when the cells in your body are damaged as a result of infection, and signs and symptoms of an illness appear. […] In response to infection, your immune system springs into action. White blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the foreign invader. Indeed, many of the symptoms that make a person suffer during an infectionfever, malaise, headache, rashresult from the activities of the immune system trying to eliminate the infection from the body. […] Pathogenic microbes challenge the immune system in many ways. Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune systems antibodies and other cells to target the invader. Many bacteria make us sick the same way, but they also have other strategies at their disposal. Sometimes bacteria multiply so rapidly they crowd out host tissues and disrupt normal function. Sometimes they kill cells and tissues outright. Sometimes they make toxins that can paralyze, destroy cells metabolic machinery, or precipitate a massive immune reaction that is itself toxic.

• #78 How Infection Works – What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209710/

  Infection does not necessarily lead to disease. Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease, which typically happens in a small proportion of infected people, occurs when the cells in your body are damaged as a result of infection, and signs and symptoms of an illness appear. […] In response to infection, your immune system springs into action. White blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the foreign invader. Indeed, many of the symptoms that make a person suffer during an infectionfever, malaise, headache, rashresult from the activities of the immune system trying to eliminate the infection from the body. […] Pathogenic microbes challenge the immune system in many ways. Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune systems antibodies and other cells to target the invader. Many bacteria make us sick the same way, but they also have other strategies at their disposal. Sometimes bacteria multiply so rapidly they crowd out host tissues and disrupt normal function. Sometimes they kill cells and tissues outright. Sometimes they make toxins that can paralyze, destroy cells metabolic machinery, or precipitate a massive immune reaction that is itself toxic.

• #79 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  An infection is the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism. Microorganisms that can cause disease are known as pathogens. Infections can lead to disease, which causes signs and symptoms resulting in a deviation from the normal structure or functioning of the host. The signs of disease are objective and measurable, and can be directly observed by a clinician. […] Changes in any of the body’s vital signs may be indicative of disease. For example, having a fever (a body temperature significantly higher than 37 C or 98.6 F) is a sign of disease because it can be measured. […] Unlike signs, symptoms of disease are subjective. Symptoms are felt or experienced by the patient, but they cannot be clinically confirmed or objectively measured. Examples of symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, and pain. […] Finally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms. For example, most individuals infected with herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and are unaware that they have been infected.

• #80 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  Infectious diseases can be contagious during all five of the periods of disease. […] Depending upon the pathogen, the disease, and the individual infected, transmission can still occur during the periods of decline, convalescence, and even long after signs and symptoms of the disease disappear. […] The duration of the period of illness can vary greatly, depending on the pathogen, effectiveness of the immune response in the host, and any medical treatment received. For an acute disease, pathologic changes occur over a relatively short time (e.g., hours, days, or a few weeks) and involve a rapid onset of disease conditions. […] For a chronic disease, pathologic changes can occur over longer time spans (e.g., months, years, or a lifetime). […] In latent diseases, as opposed to chronic infections, the causal pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication.

• #81 Infectious diseases – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173

  Symptoms of infectious diseases vary depending on the cause of the infection. But they often include fever and tiredness. […] Each infectious disease has its own specific symptoms. But some illnesses share general symptoms, such as: Fever. Faster heartbeat. Diarrhea. Tiredness, also called fatigue. Muscle aches. Coughing. Night sweats. […] Some infectious diseases cause minor health problems, such as the common cold. Others can become life-threatening, such as pneumonia and meningitis. A few types of infections have been linked to a long-term higher risk of cancer. The germs that cause some infectious diseases also may become inactive, only to cause problems again in the future. For example, someone who’s had chickenpox may develop shingles much later in life.

• #82 Infectious Disease: Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

  Symptoms of infectious diseases depend on the type of illness. Fungal infections usually cause localized symptoms, like rash and itching. Viral and bacterial infections can have symptoms in many areas of your body, like: […] It’s important to see a doctor if you have any chronic (ongoing) symptoms or symptoms that get worse over time. […] You may develop symptoms when your cells are damaged or destroyed by the invading organism and as your immune system responds to the infection. […] With treatment, most people get better after being sick with an infectious disease. […] Sometimes there can still be serious complications, especially with respiratory illnesses. People with compromised immune systems are more at risk for serious complications, but they can happen in healthy people too.

• #83 Infectious Disease: Types, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

  Some diseases, like HIV and hepatitis B, can’t be cured, but medications can help prevent serious complications. Sexually transmitted infections can cause infertility or even lead to cancer, so it’s important to take steps to protect yourself and others. […] Prion diseases are very serious and can’t be cured. They are fortunately some of the rarest infectious diseases.

• #84 Infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

  Disease can arise if the host’s protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. […] Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. […] The immune system response to a microorganism often causes symptoms such as a high fever and inflammation, and has the potential to be more devastating than direct damage caused by a microbe.

• #85 12.2: Characteristics and Steps of Infectious Diseases – Biology LibreTexts

  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/12%3A_Microbial_Interactions_Flora_Pathogenicity_and_Epidemiology/12.02%3A_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease

  The ability of a microbial agent to cause disease is called pathogenicity, and the degree to which an organism is pathogenic is called virulence. […] Highly virulent pathogens will almost always lead to a disease state when introduced to the body, and some may even cause multi-organ and body system failure in healthy individuals. […] Less virulent pathogens may cause an initial infection, but may not always cause severe illness. […] To cause disease, a pathogen must successfully achieve four steps or stages of pathogenesis: exposure (contact), adhesion (colonization), invasion, and infection. […] Following the initial exposure, the pathogen adheres at the portal of entry. […] Once adhesion is successful, invasion can proceed. Invasion involves the dissemination of a pathogen throughout local tissues or the body. […] Following invasion, successful multiplication of the pathogen leads to infection. Infections can be described as local, focal, or systemic, depending on the extent of the infection.

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