Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10286-017-0465-z

  Takotsubo syndrome (TS), also known as broken heart syndrome or neurogenic stunned myocardium, is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] The prevalence of affected men with TS is increased when the syndrome is triggered by physical stress as severe critical medical illnesses. […] The incidence of primary TS increased from 2.3 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in 2007 to 7.1 in 2012.

• #2 Broken Heart Syndrome: Evolving Molecular Mechanisms and Principles of Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/125

  Broken Heart Syndrome, also known as Takotsubo Syndrome (TS), is sudden and transient dysfunction of the left and/or right ventricle which often mimics Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). […] Around 2% of individuals presenting with clinical manifestations of ACS have been reported to have TS (up to 10% if only women are considered). […] The incidence of TS rose dramatically between 2006 and 2012, by a factor of nearly 20, as reported by Minhas et al. […] Similarly, a study by Murugiah et al. demonstrated rising TS hospitalization rates. […] According to global studies, 85% to 90% of patients with TS were women between the ages of 65 and 70. […] The cumulative incidence of recurrence was 1.2% at six months and 5% at six years, as reported by Singh et al. […] The reported annual recurrence rate is 1.5%. […] There has been a significant lead in evidence for Broken Heart Syndrome over the past few years and thus the current review attempts to compile and appraise the evolving molecular mechanisms and principles of management for TS.

• #3 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  TTS has been increasingly recognized across the world since it was first reported by Japanese cardiologists in 1990. TTS represents approximately 13% of all and 56% of female patients presenting with suspected ACS. In the United States, TTS accounts for 0.02% of hospitalizations. Most TTS patients are women (up to 90%), with a mean age of 65-70 years, and 80% are older than 50 years. Due to the increasing diagnostic awareness on the condition, male patients are increasingly being diagnosed with TTS, particularly following a physical event. TTS is not limited to adult patients and has also been described in children, even in a premature neonate born. […] Although TTS was first reported in Japan, data on potential racial differences are inconsistent, and large-scale studies in this regard are lacking. TTS seems to be less common in African-Americans and Hispanics, while most of the cases reported in the United States are Caucasians. It is worth noting that the prevalence of TTS in men appears to be higher in Japan. Differences in clinical features and hospital outcomes can be observed between TTS patients in Japan and Europe. Japanese patients tend to be older, more frequently male, and experience physical triggering factors more often. However, it is important to note that ethnicity itself does not influence the prognosis for TTS patients. The poorer in-hospital outcomes among Japanese patients are primarily attributed to the higher incidence of physical triggers. African-American TTS patients have been reported to have more frequent in-hospital complications, such as respiratory failure and stroke and require mechanical ventilation, as compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. Notably, the prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TTS is high, up to 12-17% in some registries. Cancer, either history or active, could be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in TTS.

• #4 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5805795/

  Takotsubo syndrome is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity with a clinical presentation resembling that of an acute coronary syndrome. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] However, with increasing awareness and more widespread access to early invasive coronary angiography, TS is now recognized more frequently. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] In patients with pheochromocytoma-triggered TS, a recurrence rate of 17.7% has been reported, which is most probably due to undiagnosed pheochromocytoma where the trigger remains.

• #5 Broken Heart Syndrome: Evolving Molecular Mechanisms and Principles of Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/125

  Broken Heart Syndrome, also known as Takotsubo Syndrome (TS), is sudden and transient dysfunction of the left and/or right ventricle which often mimics Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). […] Around 2% of individuals presenting with clinical manifestations of ACS have been reported to have TS (up to 10% if only women are considered). […] The incidence of TS rose dramatically between 2006 and 2012, by a factor of nearly 20, as reported by Minhas et al. […] Similarly, a study by Murugiah et al. demonstrated rising TS hospitalization rates. […] According to global studies, 85% to 90% of patients with TS were women between the ages of 65 and 70. […] The cumulative incidence of recurrence was 1.2% at six months and 5% at six years, as reported by Singh et al. […] The reported annual recurrence rate is 1.5%. […] There has been a significant lead in evidence for Broken Heart Syndrome over the past few years and thus the current review attempts to compile and appraise the evolving molecular mechanisms and principles of management for TS.

• #6

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10286-017-0465-z

  The corresponding incidence for secondary TS increased from 3.4 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in 2007 to 10.3 in 2012. […] The syndrome is preceded by a trigger factor in about 70% of patients. […] The syndrome has been increasingly recognized in almost all countries of the six continents of the world.

• #7 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5805795/

  Takotsubo syndrome is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity with a clinical presentation resembling that of an acute coronary syndrome. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] However, with increasing awareness and more widespread access to early invasive coronary angiography, TS is now recognized more frequently. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] In patients with pheochromocytoma-triggered TS, a recurrence rate of 17.7% has been reported, which is most probably due to undiagnosed pheochromocytoma where the trigger remains.

• #8

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10286-017-0465-z

  Takotsubo syndrome (TS), also known as broken heart syndrome or neurogenic stunned myocardium, is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] The prevalence of affected men with TS is increased when the syndrome is triggered by physical stress as severe critical medical illnesses. […] The incidence of primary TS increased from 2.3 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in 2007 to 7.1 in 2012.

• #9 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430798/

  Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and predominantly affects post-menopausal women. […] The real incidence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy is uncertain. It makes up for 1 to 2% of patients suspected of having acute coronary syndrome. […] One registry of 3265 patients with troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome reported a prevalence of 1.2% of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, whereas a systematic review of patients presenting with suspected acute myocardial infarction reported a prevalence of 1.7 to 2.2%. […] In the International Takotsubo Registry study (a consortium of multiple centers across Europe and America of 1750 patients), approximately 88.9% of the affected patients were females, and the mean age was 66.4 years.

• #10 What is Broken Heart Syndrome? | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/be-well/what-broken-heart-syndrome

  It is fairly uncommon, found in about three out of 100 (three percent) hospital patients with a suspected heart attack. […] It is important to note that over 90 percent of cases occur in women after menopause and 10 percent in men. […] An interesting feature is that one-third of those experiencing this condition report a significant emotional stressor before the attack (hence the name Broken Heart Syndrome). […] Even though this condition is treatable, and we have learned a lot about what happens when people have it, there is still a lot we do not know. […] In 2020, I received a $2.8 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to study in more depth the role of stress in Broken Heart Syndrome. […] There is a strong association between emotional/stressful events and heart attacks. […] Women after menopause are at higher risk and researchers are trying to understand why.

• #11 Broken heart syndrome is on the rise, especially among older women | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/news/2021/10/13/broken-heart-syndrome-is-on-the-rise-especially-among-older-women

  Broken heart syndrome is on the rise, especially among older women. […] Broken heart syndrome, a life-threatening condition whose symptoms mimic a heart attack, is on the upswing, according to new research that shows the sharpest increases among women 50 and older. […] Published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the study examined 135,463 cases of broken heart syndrome in U.S. hospitals from 2006 to 2017. It found a steady annual increase among both women and men, with women making up 88.3% of the cases. […] Researchers were taken aback to find the rate of the condition was at least six to 12 times higher in women ages 50 to 74 than it was in men or in younger women. […] Cheng said more research is needed to understand the risks and reasons why broken heart syndrome seems to disproportionately affect middle-aged to older women. […] While the study was done before the rise of COVID-19, Cheng said the stress of the pandemic has likely led to a rise in the number of recent cases of broken heart syndrome, many of them undiagnosed. […] We should all be worried about why its incidence is on the rise.

• #12 A Cardiologist Explains Broken Heart SyndromeBack ButtonFilter Button

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/news/a-cardiologist-explains-broken-heart-syndrome-1935213

  While possible, it’s very unlikely. That said, broken heart syndrome is a real condition, and research is showing that cases are on the rise, especially among women over age 50. […] In a recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, of more than 135,000 cases of broken heart syndrome, the annual incidence increased steadily for men and women—with women contributing more than 88 percent of the cases, especially in those age 50 or older. The same study showed that middle-aged women are 8.5 times more likely than young men to have broken heart syndrome. […] Other research is showing an increase in cases since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to published reports. The pandemic has caused a great deal of emotional and physical stress – as well as spurred an increased attention to heart health — so it’s not surprising we are seeing more of this phenomenon.

• #13 Broken Heart Syndrome: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17857-broken-heart-syndrome

  Broken heart syndrome occurs in about 2% of people who visit a provider for a suspected heart attack. But researchers believe the true number of cases is higher because providers often dont recognize the condition. […] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy mostly affects women, who make up about 89% of reported cases. This is especially likely after menopause (mean age range of 58 to 77). […] One possible explanation is that the hormone estrogen protects your heart against any harmful effects of hormones your body releases in response to stress. As the level of estrogen declines with age, women might be more susceptible to the effects of sudden stress.

• #14 Broken heart syndrome is on the rise, especially among older women | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/news/2021/10/13/broken-heart-syndrome-is-on-the-rise-especially-among-older-women

  Broken heart syndrome is on the rise, especially among older women. […] Broken heart syndrome, a life-threatening condition whose symptoms mimic a heart attack, is on the upswing, according to new research that shows the sharpest increases among women 50 and older. […] Published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the study examined 135,463 cases of broken heart syndrome in U.S. hospitals from 2006 to 2017. It found a steady annual increase among both women and men, with women making up 88.3% of the cases. […] Researchers were taken aback to find the rate of the condition was at least six to 12 times higher in women ages 50 to 74 than it was in men or in younger women. […] Cheng said more research is needed to understand the risks and reasons why broken heart syndrome seems to disproportionately affect middle-aged to older women. […] While the study was done before the rise of COVID-19, Cheng said the stress of the pandemic has likely led to a rise in the number of recent cases of broken heart syndrome, many of them undiagnosed. […] We should all be worried about why its incidence is on the rise.

• #15 Broken Heart Syndrome Has Risen Since 2006, Especially Among Women

  https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/11/13/broken-heart-syndrome-has-risen-since-2006-especially-among-women/

  From 2006 to 2017, the incidence of broken heart syndrome diagnoses, otherwise known as Takotsubo […] rose in both sexes. […] According to a study published last month in the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), such trips happened more and more often each year from 2006 to 2017. […] For the study, a team from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA […] examined data from a sample of hospital admissions in the U.S. known as the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. In this sample from 2006 to 2017, the team found 135,463 documented cases of TTS. Of these, most (88.3%) were among women. […] During that decade, the number of TTS diagnoses per million hospitalizations per year increased for both men and women across all three age groups studied: less than 50 years of age, 50 to 74 years of age, and 75 years and older.

• #16 'Broken Heart Syndrome’ on the rise, even before COVID pandemic – study – The Jerusalem Post

  https://www.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/broken-heart-syndrome-on-the-rise-even-before-covid-pandemic-study-682289

  The team investigated over 130,000 documented cases of „Broken Heart Syndrome” that were registered in the National Inpatient Sample database in the United States between 2006-2017. […] Every year, the number of recorded cases increased steadily, but the most commonly affected population remained steady – women, aged 50-75. […] Takotsubo, on the other hand, sees 88% female cases, according to the study, and an increase of 128 cases per million per year among middle-aged women, in contrast to 96 cases per million per year in older women and 15 in younger women. […] One of the possible reasons for the overall rise in cases is the fact that the condition became more well known in medical communities and the imaging methods to identify it – namely, echocardiograms – have become far more advanced and accessible over the past two decades.

• #17 Broken Hearted Syndrome | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/news-room/blog/0001/01/broken-hearted-syndrome

  Broken heart syndrome was first described by a researcher in Japan in 1990 and was reported in the United States in 1998. […] According to Dr. Wiley, it is believed to be triggered by the surge of adrenaline hormones released during an acute stress event, such as the loss of a loved one. […] An article in Circulation, a journal published by the American Heart Association, states that the illness is seen most often in women older than 50. Only 10% of cases are men. […] However, Dr. Wiley says that broken heart syndrome is relatively rare and most people make a complete recovery.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10286-017-0465-z

  The corresponding incidence for secondary TS increased from 3.4 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in 2007 to 10.3 in 2012. […] The syndrome is preceded by a trigger factor in about 70% of patients. […] The syndrome has been increasingly recognized in almost all countries of the six continents of the world.

• #19 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  There are some conflicting results regarding possible seasonal variations in TTS. However, several studies from northern and southern hemispheres have shown a pattern of seasonal variation in TTS that is reversed compared with acute myocardial infarction, with peaks during summer. Furthermore, with respect to the prevalence of TTS, it is quite probable that in some patients subclinical TTS go unnoticed, especially in centres that do not have the capability for percutaneous coronary intervention.

• #20 Takotsubo syndrome: the broken-heart syndrome

  https://bjcardio.co.uk/2021/03/takotsubo-syndrome-the-broken-heart-syndrome/

  Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is more frequent in women than men; thus, about 90% of patients are postmenopausal women. Approximately 2% of all patients presenting with suspected ACS also have TTS. […] The aetiology of TTS is not fully understood, despite intensive research into its possible causes. […] TTS usually presents clinically as an ACS, mostly in postmenopausal women, triggered by an episode of acute emotional or unusual physical stress. […] The diagnosis of TTS is mainly based on proposed guidelines, such as those of the Mayo Clinic, the European Society of Cardiology, and the international diagnostic criteria (InterTAK Diagnostic Score). […] The annual recurrence rate has been reported to vary between 1 and 3.5%.

• #21

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10286-017-0465-z

  The corresponding incidence for secondary TS increased from 3.4 hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in 2007 to 10.3 in 2012. […] The syndrome is preceded by a trigger factor in about 70% of patients. […] The syndrome has been increasingly recognized in almost all countries of the six continents of the world.

• #22 Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken-heart syndrome) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy-broken-heart-syndrome

  More than 90% of reported cases are in women ages 58 to 75. Research suggests that up to 5% of women suspected of having a heart attack actually have this disorder. Most people recover with no long-term heart damage. […] The precise cause of broken heart syndrome isn’t known, but experts think that surging stress hormones (for example, adrenaline) essentially „stun” the heart, triggering changes in heart muscle cells or coronary blood vessels (or both) that prevent the left ventricle from contracting effectively. […] Most of the abnormalities in systolic function and ventricle wall movement seen in broken-heart syndrome clear up in one to four weeks. Most individuals who experience it recover fully within two months and are at low risk for it happening again.

• #23 Broken Heart Syndrome… Fact or Fiction?

  https://www.smh.com/blog/broken-heart-syndrome-fact-or-fiction

  Broken heart syndrome is a documented but still rather mysterious cardiac phenomenon wherein part of a persons heart suddenly weakens in response to some sort of trauma, dangerously disrupting blood flow. […] To this day, physicians arent entirely sure what causes broken heart syndrome. The most likely suspect is a flood of adrenaline and other related stress hormones that temporarily overwhelm the heart, either by causing the arteries to constrict or by binding to the heart and pumping it full of calcium, throwing the heart off rhythm. […] While broken heart syndrome is not yet entirely understood, experts have identified a few potential risk factors that everyone should be aware of. These include: Sex: Women are at higher risk than men, Age: People age 50 years and up appear to be at higher risk, Mental Health: Those with a history of depression, anxiety, and related conditions may have a higher risk. […] However, in very rare cases, yes, broken heart syndrome can be fatal.

• #24

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/broken-heart-syndrome

  Broken heart syndrome (also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy or stress cardiomyopathy) happens when a person experiences sudden and intense stress or emotional changes, causing the heart muscle to weaken very quickly. […] Even though the exact cause of broken heart syndrome is unknown, there are certain risk factors that might increase ones chances of getting it. These include: Age: Those who are above the age of 50, especially post-menopausal women, are at higher risk of getting broken heart syndrome. […] Women are more likely than men to have broken heart syndrome. […] Those with a history of mental health disorders such as anxiety or depression have a higher risk of developing broken heart syndrome.

• #25 Can You Really Die From a Broken Heart?

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/can-you-really-die-from-a-broken-heart

  Dying of a broken heart may sound like its coming from the pages of a book, but it is possible. […] According to the American Heart Association (AHA), broken heart syndrome, or takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is a reaction your heart has to a surge of stress hormones caused by an emotionally stressful event. […] While broken heart syndrome can affect anyone regardless of age, gender and lifestyle, it is far more widespread in women than men. Postmenopausal women are also more likely to develop broken heart syndrome. […] Studies also show abnormal thyroid levels can increase the risk of broken heart syndrome. […] Dr. Martin says the symptoms of broken heart syndrome are almost always treatable. […] If a patient is diagnosed with broken heart syndrome, symptoms can be treated with medicine to help blood flow, prevent blood clots and help control blood pressure, Dr. Martin says.

• #26 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  TTS has been increasingly recognized across the world since it was first reported by Japanese cardiologists in 1990. TTS represents approximately 13% of all and 56% of female patients presenting with suspected ACS. In the United States, TTS accounts for 0.02% of hospitalizations. Most TTS patients are women (up to 90%), with a mean age of 65-70 years, and 80% are older than 50 years. Due to the increasing diagnostic awareness on the condition, male patients are increasingly being diagnosed with TTS, particularly following a physical event. TTS is not limited to adult patients and has also been described in children, even in a premature neonate born. […] Although TTS was first reported in Japan, data on potential racial differences are inconsistent, and large-scale studies in this regard are lacking. TTS seems to be less common in African-Americans and Hispanics, while most of the cases reported in the United States are Caucasians. It is worth noting that the prevalence of TTS in men appears to be higher in Japan. Differences in clinical features and hospital outcomes can be observed between TTS patients in Japan and Europe. Japanese patients tend to be older, more frequently male, and experience physical triggering factors more often. However, it is important to note that ethnicity itself does not influence the prognosis for TTS patients. The poorer in-hospital outcomes among Japanese patients are primarily attributed to the higher incidence of physical triggers. African-American TTS patients have been reported to have more frequent in-hospital complications, such as respiratory failure and stroke and require mechanical ventilation, as compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. Notably, the prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TTS is high, up to 12-17% in some registries. Cancer, either history or active, could be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in TTS.

• #27 What is Broken Heart Syndrome? | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/be-well/what-broken-heart-syndrome

  It is fairly uncommon, found in about three out of 100 (three percent) hospital patients with a suspected heart attack. […] It is important to note that over 90 percent of cases occur in women after menopause and 10 percent in men. […] An interesting feature is that one-third of those experiencing this condition report a significant emotional stressor before the attack (hence the name Broken Heart Syndrome). […] Even though this condition is treatable, and we have learned a lot about what happens when people have it, there is still a lot we do not know. […] In 2020, I received a $2.8 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to study in more depth the role of stress in Broken Heart Syndrome. […] There is a strong association between emotional/stressful events and heart attacks. […] Women after menopause are at higher risk and researchers are trying to understand why.

• #28 What is Broken Heart Syndrome? | Brown University Health

  https://www.lifespan.org/be-well/what-broken-heart-syndrome

  It is fairly uncommon, found in about three out of 100 (three percent) hospital patients with a suspected heart attack. […] It is also very rare in younger women. The reasons are not clear but could be due to differences in hormone levels. […] An interesting feature is that one-third of those experiencing this condition report a significant emotional stressor before the attack (hence the name Broken Heart Syndrome). […] In 2012, I was funded by the American Heart Association to do some preliminary work. Through that research, we found that women with a history of anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and those with repeated stressful events in the recent past were more likely to develop Takotsubo syndrome. […] In 2020, I received a $2.8 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to study in more depth the role of stress in Broken Heart Syndrome.

• #29 „Broken Heart” Syndrome Spikes During COVID-19 | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/broken-heart-syndrome-spikes.html

  No one is sure what triggers stress cardiomyopathy, but experts are certain that its on the rise. Incidence of the disease also known as Takotsubo or „broken heart” syndrome increased in 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic is one reason for the spike. […] Cedars-Sinai investigators are recruiting patients for the Smidt Heart Institute Takotsubo Registry to collect data that will guide them toward better understanding of the disease, account for the increase in diagnoses and determine who is at highest risk. […] Incidence of the disease has grown from less than 2% to 7.8% during the COVID-19 outbreak, according to a Cleveland Clinic study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. […] Between 2006 and 2014, Takotsubo diagnoses steadily increased, according to Cedars-Sinai research presented at the American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2020. The study found that middle-aged and older women are being diagnosed at a more rapidly rising rate than other populations.

• #30 Researchers find rise in broken heart syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200709141603.htm

  Researchers have found a significant increase in patients experiencing stress cardiomyopathy, also known as broken heart syndrome, during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] For the study, cardiologists looked at 258 patients coming into Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland Clinic Akron General with heart symptoms known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between March 1 and April 30th and compared them with four control groups of ACS patients prior to the pandemic. They found a significant increase in patients diagnosed with stress cardiomyopathy, reaching 7.8% compared with pre-pandemic incidence of 1.7%. […] Researchers say more studies are warranted in this area, particularly to see if this trend is present in other regions of the country.

• #31

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cases-broken-heart-syndrome-have-ticked-upwards-pandemic-began-study-n1233347

  According to research published Thursday in JAMA Open Network, cases of broken heart syndrome are on the rise among people without the illness. […] „The increase in socioeconomic and psychological stress from the pandemic has literally increased stress cardiomyopathy,” said one of the study’s co-authors, Dr. Ankur Kalra, an interventional cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. […] „This is a new health hazard which the pandemic has caused because of other stressors that the pandemic has caused.” […] In the study, researchers looked at the medical records of 1,914 patients at two hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic health system from five eight-week periods, four of which occurred before the pandemic and the other since then. […] Before the pandemic, there were, on average, five to 12 cases in an eight-week period, but in the cohort observed during the pandemic, the number rose to 20. […] Lynn Bufka, a psychologist who is senior director of the American Psychological Association, said the rise in broken heart syndrome is concerning but not surprising. „We have known for a long time that the experience of stress has an impact on the body,” she said.

• #32 Researchers find rise in broken heart syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200709141603.htm

  Researchers have found a significant increase in patients experiencing stress cardiomyopathy, also known as broken heart syndrome, during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] For the study, cardiologists looked at 258 patients coming into Cleveland Clinic and Cleveland Clinic Akron General with heart symptoms known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between March 1 and April 30th and compared them with four control groups of ACS patients prior to the pandemic. They found a significant increase in patients diagnosed with stress cardiomyopathy, reaching 7.8% compared with pre-pandemic incidence of 1.7%. […] Researchers say more studies are warranted in this area, particularly to see if this trend is present in other regions of the country.

• #33

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cases-broken-heart-syndrome-have-ticked-upwards-pandemic-began-study-n1233347

  According to research published Thursday in JAMA Open Network, cases of broken heart syndrome are on the rise among people without the illness. […] „The increase in socioeconomic and psychological stress from the pandemic has literally increased stress cardiomyopathy,” said one of the study’s co-authors, Dr. Ankur Kalra, an interventional cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. […] „This is a new health hazard which the pandemic has caused because of other stressors that the pandemic has caused.” […] In the study, researchers looked at the medical records of 1,914 patients at two hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic health system from five eight-week periods, four of which occurred before the pandemic and the other since then. […] Before the pandemic, there were, on average, five to 12 cases in an eight-week period, but in the cohort observed during the pandemic, the number rose to 20. […] Lynn Bufka, a psychologist who is senior director of the American Psychological Association, said the rise in broken heart syndrome is concerning but not surprising. „We have known for a long time that the experience of stress has an impact on the body,” she said.

• #34 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  TTS has been increasingly recognized across the world since it was first reported by Japanese cardiologists in 1990. TTS represents approximately 13% of all and 56% of female patients presenting with suspected ACS. In the United States, TTS accounts for 0.02% of hospitalizations. Most TTS patients are women (up to 90%), with a mean age of 65-70 years, and 80% are older than 50 years. Due to the increasing diagnostic awareness on the condition, male patients are increasingly being diagnosed with TTS, particularly following a physical event. TTS is not limited to adult patients and has also been described in children, even in a premature neonate born. […] Although TTS was first reported in Japan, data on potential racial differences are inconsistent, and large-scale studies in this regard are lacking. TTS seems to be less common in African-Americans and Hispanics, while most of the cases reported in the United States are Caucasians. It is worth noting that the prevalence of TTS in men appears to be higher in Japan. Differences in clinical features and hospital outcomes can be observed between TTS patients in Japan and Europe. Japanese patients tend to be older, more frequently male, and experience physical triggering factors more often. However, it is important to note that ethnicity itself does not influence the prognosis for TTS patients. The poorer in-hospital outcomes among Japanese patients are primarily attributed to the higher incidence of physical triggers. African-American TTS patients have been reported to have more frequent in-hospital complications, such as respiratory failure and stroke and require mechanical ventilation, as compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. Notably, the prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TTS is high, up to 12-17% in some registries. Cancer, either history or active, could be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in TTS.

• #35 Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy (Broken Heart Syndrome): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1513631-overview

  Studies reported that 1.7-2.2% of patients who had suspected acute coronary syndrome were subsequently diagnosed with takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome). Patients are typically Asian or white. In a literature review of cases in which race was reported, 57.2% of patients were Asian, 40% were white, and 2.8% were other races. […] Literature reviews report a mean patient age of 67 years, although cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy have occurred in children and young adults. Nearly 90% of reported cases involve postmenopausal women.

• #36 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  TTS has been increasingly recognized across the world since it was first reported by Japanese cardiologists in 1990. TTS represents approximately 13% of all and 56% of female patients presenting with suspected ACS. In the United States, TTS accounts for 0.02% of hospitalizations. Most TTS patients are women (up to 90%), with a mean age of 65-70 years, and 80% are older than 50 years. Due to the increasing diagnostic awareness on the condition, male patients are increasingly being diagnosed with TTS, particularly following a physical event. TTS is not limited to adult patients and has also been described in children, even in a premature neonate born. […] Although TTS was first reported in Japan, data on potential racial differences are inconsistent, and large-scale studies in this regard are lacking. TTS seems to be less common in African-Americans and Hispanics, while most of the cases reported in the United States are Caucasians. It is worth noting that the prevalence of TTS in men appears to be higher in Japan. Differences in clinical features and hospital outcomes can be observed between TTS patients in Japan and Europe. Japanese patients tend to be older, more frequently male, and experience physical triggering factors more often. However, it is important to note that ethnicity itself does not influence the prognosis for TTS patients. The poorer in-hospital outcomes among Japanese patients are primarily attributed to the higher incidence of physical triggers. African-American TTS patients have been reported to have more frequent in-hospital complications, such as respiratory failure and stroke and require mechanical ventilation, as compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. Notably, the prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TTS is high, up to 12-17% in some registries. Cancer, either history or active, could be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in TTS.

• #37 Takotsubo syndrome: unravelling the enigma of the broken heart syndrome?—a narrative review – Salamanca – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/119786/html

  TTS has been increasingly recognized across the world since it was first reported by Japanese cardiologists in 1990. TTS represents approximately 13% of all and 56% of female patients presenting with suspected ACS. In the United States, TTS accounts for 0.02% of hospitalizations. Most TTS patients are women (up to 90%), with a mean age of 65-70 years, and 80% are older than 50 years. Due to the increasing diagnostic awareness on the condition, male patients are increasingly being diagnosed with TTS, particularly following a physical event. TTS is not limited to adult patients and has also been described in children, even in a premature neonate born. […] Although TTS was first reported in Japan, data on potential racial differences are inconsistent, and large-scale studies in this regard are lacking. TTS seems to be less common in African-Americans and Hispanics, while most of the cases reported in the United States are Caucasians. It is worth noting that the prevalence of TTS in men appears to be higher in Japan. Differences in clinical features and hospital outcomes can be observed between TTS patients in Japan and Europe. Japanese patients tend to be older, more frequently male, and experience physical triggering factors more often. However, it is important to note that ethnicity itself does not influence the prognosis for TTS patients. The poorer in-hospital outcomes among Japanese patients are primarily attributed to the higher incidence of physical triggers. African-American TTS patients have been reported to have more frequent in-hospital complications, such as respiratory failure and stroke and require mechanical ventilation, as compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. Notably, the prevalence of neoplasms in patients with TTS is high, up to 12-17% in some registries. Cancer, either history or active, could be associated with an increased risk of adverse events in TTS.

• #38 What Is Broken Heart Syndrome? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-health/broken-heart-syndrome/guide/

  The true prevalence of broken heart syndrome is unknown, but research studies estimate the incidence is 1 to 2 percent of all patients suspected of heart attack. […] According to a study published in October 2021 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, 88 percent of all cases of broken heart syndrome occur in females. The risk of broken heart syndrome is highest among adults older than 50, per the same study. […] Research examining racial differences in prevalence and outcomes of broken heart syndrome is limited. One study suggests Black Americans experience a higher incidence of complications from the condition. […] The research, published in June 2020 in the journal ESC Heart Failure, examined health data on more than 97,000 Americans with a diagnosis of broken heart syndrome from 2006 to 2014. The researchers compared the impacts of the condition on white Americans and Black Americans. The analysis showed that Black Americans were more likely to experience complications, including cardiac arrest, invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney injuries, and longer hospital stays than white Americans. The study authors concluded that its not that broken heart syndrome has a greater impact on Black Americans, but that these racial disparities could be attributed to other factors, including socioeconomic factors, such as income and health insurance status, as well as coexisting health conditions.

• #39 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5805795/

  Takotsubo syndrome is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity with a clinical presentation resembling that of an acute coronary syndrome. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] However, with increasing awareness and more widespread access to early invasive coronary angiography, TS is now recognized more frequently. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] In patients with pheochromocytoma-triggered TS, a recurrence rate of 17.7% has been reported, which is most probably due to undiagnosed pheochromocytoma where the trigger remains.

• #40 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome | Nature Reviews Cardiology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2015.39

  Approximately 2% of patients who present to hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome have Takotsubo syndrome, with a predominance in postmenopausal women. […] Mortality is higher than initially thought, and recurrence is seen in 1.2% of patients within 6 months and nearly 5% at 6 years, with no preventive therapy currently available. […] The acute prognosis and recurrence rate are now known to be worse than initially thought, and much still needs to be learned about the epidemiology and the underlying pathophysiology of this fascinating condition in order to improve diagnostic and treatment pathways.

• #41 Broken Heart Syndrome: Evolving Molecular Mechanisms and Principles of Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/1/125

  Broken Heart Syndrome, also known as Takotsubo Syndrome (TS), is sudden and transient dysfunction of the left and/or right ventricle which often mimics Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). […] Around 2% of individuals presenting with clinical manifestations of ACS have been reported to have TS (up to 10% if only women are considered). […] The incidence of TS rose dramatically between 2006 and 2012, by a factor of nearly 20, as reported by Minhas et al. […] Similarly, a study by Murugiah et al. demonstrated rising TS hospitalization rates. […] According to global studies, 85% to 90% of patients with TS were women between the ages of 65 and 70. […] The cumulative incidence of recurrence was 1.2% at six months and 5% at six years, as reported by Singh et al. […] The reported annual recurrence rate is 1.5%. […] There has been a significant lead in evidence for Broken Heart Syndrome over the past few years and thus the current review attempts to compile and appraise the evolving molecular mechanisms and principles of management for TS.

• #42 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5805795/

  Takotsubo syndrome is a recently recognized acute cardiac disease entity with a clinical presentation resembling that of an acute coronary syndrome. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome are reviewed in this paper. […] The prevalence of TS has been reported to be approximately 2% (up to 10% if only women are considered) of all patients presenting with clinical manifestation of ACS. […] However, with increasing awareness and more widespread access to early invasive coronary angiography, TS is now recognized more frequently. […] Studies on TS from different parts of the world have reported that 85-90% of the patients with TS are women, aged 65-70 years. […] The syndrome may recur and the recurrence rate of TS has ranged from 0 to 22%. […] In patients with pheochromocytoma-triggered TS, a recurrence rate of 17.7% has been reported, which is most probably due to undiagnosed pheochromocytoma where the trigger remains.

• #43 Broken-heart syndrome patients increased risk

  https://www.hippocraticpost.com/heart-lung/broken-heart-syndrome-patients-increased-risk/

  Broken-heart syndrome patients twice as likely to suffer further heart problems: New research from the University of Aberdeen found that re-admission to hospital for takotsubo patients was comparable to the re-admission rates for heart attack patients and double that of the general population. […] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy affects around 5,000 people in the UK each year, and at least seven percent of all people who attend hospital with a suspected heart attack are subsequently diagnosed with broken heart syndrome. […] Results showed that of nearly 13,000 hospitalisations, the rate of readmissions of patients with takotsubo syndrome was 743 per 1000 person-years for patients with takotsubo syndrome, 365 per 1000 person-years for general Scottish population patients and 750 per 1000 person-years for patients with myocardial infarction.

• #44 Broken-heart syndrome patients increased risk

  https://www.hippocraticpost.com/heart-lung/broken-heart-syndrome-patients-increased-risk/

  Broken-heart syndrome patients twice as likely to suffer further heart problems: New research from the University of Aberdeen found that re-admission to hospital for takotsubo patients was comparable to the re-admission rates for heart attack patients and double that of the general population. […] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy affects around 5,000 people in the UK each year, and at least seven percent of all people who attend hospital with a suspected heart attack are subsequently diagnosed with broken heart syndrome. […] Results showed that of nearly 13,000 hospitalisations, the rate of readmissions of patients with takotsubo syndrome was 743 per 1000 person-years for patients with takotsubo syndrome, 365 per 1000 person-years for general Scottish population patients and 750 per 1000 person-years for patients with myocardial infarction.

• #45 Risk of Hospital Readmission High for ‘Broken Heart’ Syndrome | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/risk-hospital-readmission-high-broken-heart-syndrome

  Risk of Hospital Readmission High for Broken Heart Syndrome […] Though not having a heart attack, patients with broken heart syndrome still face considerable risk of hospital readmission and in-hospital death. This is the main finding of a study led by researchers at NYU School of Medicine and published online October 2 in the European Heart Journal Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. […] Based on analyses of 61,412 men and women with the syndrome, the research team found that 12 percent of such patients were hospitalized within 30 days of discharge, compared to 17 percent of patients who had a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction). […] Our findings show that Takotsubo syndrome still presents considerable risk to patients after they’re initially discharged from the hospital, says Harmony Reynolds, MD, an associate professor of medicine in the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology at NYU Langone Health and senior investigator of the study.

• #46 Broken-heart syndrome patients increased risk

  https://www.hippocraticpost.com/heart-lung/broken-heart-syndrome-patients-increased-risk/

  We found that takotsubo patients are at increased risk of experiencing ongoing symptoms such as breathlessness, chest pain and that their life expectancy is shortened. […] Our findings demonstrate that these patients remain vulnerable to continuing illness and that further research is still needed to improve their quality of life.

• #47 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome | Nature Reviews Cardiology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2015.39

  Approximately 2% of patients who present to hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome have Takotsubo syndrome, with a predominance in postmenopausal women. […] Mortality is higher than initially thought, and recurrence is seen in 1.2% of patients within 6 months and nearly 5% at 6 years, with no preventive therapy currently available. […] The acute prognosis and recurrence rate are now known to be worse than initially thought, and much still needs to be learned about the epidemiology and the underlying pathophysiology of this fascinating condition in order to improve diagnostic and treatment pathways.

• #48 Broken heart syndrome was thought to be a short-term condition – the latest evidence suggests otherwise

  https://theconversation.com/broken-heart-syndrome-was-thought-to-be-a-short-term-condition-the-latest-evidence-suggests-otherwise-106033

  A new study on the condition, published in Circulation, now shows that the risk of death remains high for many years after the initial attack. […] These studies show that cardiogenic shock is not an uncommon risk factor in broken heart syndrome patients, and it is a strong predictor of death. […] The evidence now clearly shows that the condition is not temporary and it highlights an urgent need to establish new and more effective treatments and careful monitoring of people with this condition.

• #49 Broken heart syndrome was thought to be a short-term condition – the latest evidence suggests otherwise

  https://theconversation.com/broken-heart-syndrome-was-thought-to-be-a-short-term-condition-the-latest-evidence-suggests-otherwise-106033

  A new study on the condition, published in Circulation, now shows that the risk of death remains high for many years after the initial attack. […] These studies show that cardiogenic shock is not an uncommon risk factor in broken heart syndrome patients, and it is a strong predictor of death. […] The evidence now clearly shows that the condition is not temporary and it highlights an urgent need to establish new and more effective treatments and careful monitoring of people with this condition.

• #50 'Broken-heart syndrome’ patients failed by current treatment, says study

  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-01-broken-heart-syndrome-patients-current.html

  In the first-ever study to compare takotsubo patients with heart attack patients and the general population over more than five years, results showed that heart treatments given after takotsubo do not protect patients. […] The team, led by Professor Dana Dawson, from the University of Aberdeen Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Unit, analyzed data from 3,720 people over a decade and found that takotsubo patients were prescribed the same medication as heart attack patients. They say while this approach worked for the heart attack patients, these medications did not improve the survival rate of takotsubo patients. […] Patients who suffered from takotsubo were more likely to die than the general population and just as vulnerable to dying as patients who had suffered a 'true’ heart attack.

• #51 Broken heart syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-heart-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354623

  Broken heart syndrome is often diagnosed in an emergency or hospital setting because symptoms mimic those of a heart attack. […] Broken heart syndrome is usually diagnosed in an emergency or a hospital setting. […] Many people with broken heart syndrome are fully recovered within a month or so. […] Once it’s clear that broken heart syndrome is the cause of the symptoms, medicines may be given to reduce the strain on the heart. […] Surgeries and procedures that are often used to treat a heart attack aren’t helpful in treating broken heart syndrome.

• #52 Takotsubo syndrome: the broken-heart syndrome

  https://bjcardio.co.uk/2021/03/takotsubo-syndrome-the-broken-heart-syndrome/

  Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is more frequent in women than men; thus, about 90% of patients are postmenopausal women. Approximately 2% of all patients presenting with suspected ACS also have TTS. […] The aetiology of TTS is not fully understood, despite intensive research into its possible causes. […] TTS usually presents clinically as an ACS, mostly in postmenopausal women, triggered by an episode of acute emotional or unusual physical stress. […] The diagnosis of TTS is mainly based on proposed guidelines, such as those of the Mayo Clinic, the European Society of Cardiology, and the international diagnostic criteria (InterTAK Diagnostic Score). […] The annual recurrence rate has been reported to vary between 1 and 3.5%.

• #53 Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/is-broken-heart-syndrome-real

  Broken heart syndrome, also called stress-induced cardiomyopathy or takotsubo cardiomyopathy, can strike even if you’re healthy. […] Women are more likely than men to experience sudden, intense chest pain — thought to be a reaction to a surge of stress hormones — that can be caused by an emotionally or physically stressful event. […] Broken heart syndrome may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack because the symptoms and test results are similar. […] In broken heart syndrome, a part of your heart temporarily enlarges and doesn’t pump well, while the rest of your heart functions normally or with even more forceful contractions. […] The bad news: Broken heart syndrome can lead to severe, short-term heart muscle failure. In rare cases, it can be fatal. […] The good news: Broken heart syndrome is usually treatable. Most people who experience it make a full recovery within weeks, and they’re at low risk for it happening again.

• #54 Broken Heart Syndrome: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17857-broken-heart-syndrome

  Broken heart syndrome occurs in about 2% of people who visit a provider for a suspected heart attack. But researchers believe the true number of cases is higher because providers often dont recognize the condition. […] Takotsubo cardiomyopathy mostly affects women, who make up about 89% of reported cases. This is especially likely after menopause (mean age range of 58 to 77). […] One possible explanation is that the hormone estrogen protects your heart against any harmful effects of hormones your body releases in response to stress. As the level of estrogen declines with age, women might be more susceptible to the effects of sudden stress.

• #55 Risk of Hospital Readmission High for ‘Broken Heart’ Syndrome | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/risk-hospital-readmission-high-broken-heart-syndrome

  Risk of Hospital Readmission High for Broken Heart Syndrome […] Though not having a heart attack, patients with broken heart syndrome still face considerable risk of hospital readmission and in-hospital death. This is the main finding of a study led by researchers at NYU School of Medicine and published online October 2 in the European Heart Journal Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. […] Based on analyses of 61,412 men and women with the syndrome, the research team found that 12 percent of such patients were hospitalized within 30 days of discharge, compared to 17 percent of patients who had a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction). […] Our findings show that Takotsubo syndrome still presents considerable risk to patients after they’re initially discharged from the hospital, says Harmony Reynolds, MD, an associate professor of medicine in the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology at NYU Langone Health and senior investigator of the study.

• #56 Risk of Hospital Readmission High for ‘Broken Heart’ Syndrome | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/risk-hospital-readmission-high-broken-heart-syndrome

  Although commonly presumed to be temporary, Takotsubo syndrome often causes patients to experience other cardiac events, say the authors. […] Takotsubo patients should be given a detailed discharge plan and counseled on potential reasons to revisit their doctor, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the legs, says study co-lead investigator and interventional cardiologist Nathaniel Smilowitz, MD, an assistant professor of medicine at NYU Langone. […] The challenge for the healthcare community is that broken heart syndrome is not as well understood, says study co-lead investigator Anais Hausvater, MD, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Langone. To help these patients, physicians need to be more aware of this condition. […] Toward this end, the researchers have established a research registry for Takotsubo syndrome.

• #57 „Broken Heart” Syndrome Spikes During COVID-19 | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/discoveries/broken-heart-syndrome-spikes.html

  No one is sure what triggers stress cardiomyopathy, but experts are certain that its on the rise. Incidence of the disease also known as Takotsubo or „broken heart” syndrome increased in 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic is one reason for the spike. […] Cedars-Sinai investigators are recruiting patients for the Smidt Heart Institute Takotsubo Registry to collect data that will guide them toward better understanding of the disease, account for the increase in diagnoses and determine who is at highest risk. […] Incidence of the disease has grown from less than 2% to 7.8% during the COVID-19 outbreak, according to a Cleveland Clinic study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. […] Between 2006 and 2014, Takotsubo diagnoses steadily increased, according to Cedars-Sinai research presented at the American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2020. The study found that middle-aged and older women are being diagnosed at a more rapidly rising rate than other populations.

• #58 Broken Heart Syndrome: Can you die from a broken heart?

  https://www.bswhealth.com/blog/broken-heart-syndrome

  While anyone can face a broken heart, broken heart syndrome (also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy or stress cardiomyopathy) is a condition almost unique to women between the age of 50-80. […] Although broken heart syndrome can be fatal, death from this condition is, thankfully, quite rare. The vast majority of patients who have this condition recover completely, and whats interesting is that almost no one who has had this ever has it happen to them again. […] We currently have a registry of over 150 individuals who have had this happen to them, and continue to examine these patients, improve the treatment, and explore the potential causes of this interesting (and sometimes dangerous) condition.

• #59 What is Broken Heart Syndrome? | Brown University Health

  https://www.lifespan.org/be-well/what-broken-heart-syndrome

  It is fairly uncommon, found in about three out of 100 (three percent) hospital patients with a suspected heart attack. […] It is also very rare in younger women. The reasons are not clear but could be due to differences in hormone levels. […] An interesting feature is that one-third of those experiencing this condition report a significant emotional stressor before the attack (hence the name Broken Heart Syndrome). […] In 2012, I was funded by the American Heart Association to do some preliminary work. Through that research, we found that women with a history of anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and those with repeated stressful events in the recent past were more likely to develop Takotsubo syndrome. […] In 2020, I received a $2.8 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to study in more depth the role of stress in Broken Heart Syndrome.

• #60 Covid-19 and

  https://www.texasheart.org/covid-19-and-broken-heart-syndrome-when-pathways-collide/

  Dr. Angelini concluded, “We believe that the COVID-19 epidemic is providing a convenient epidemiological moment in which we might finally clarify the true incidence, pathophysiology, and medical consequences of TTC. The more we can learn about this rare, complex condition, the better able we’ll be to develop rational, effective treatment approaches and to improve the clinical care we can offer our patients.”

• #61 Covid-19 and

  https://www.texasheart.org/covid-19-and-broken-heart-syndrome-when-pathways-collide/

  Dr. Angelini concluded, “We believe that the COVID-19 epidemic is providing a convenient epidemiological moment in which we might finally clarify the true incidence, pathophysiology, and medical consequences of TTC. The more we can learn about this rare, complex condition, the better able we’ll be to develop rational, effective treatment approaches and to improve the clinical care we can offer our patients.”

• #62 Broken Heart Syndrome on the Rise In U.S. Women: Here’s Why

  https://psychcentral.com/news/broken-heart-syndrome-is-on-the-rise-in-women

  The overall magnitude of environmental stressors is likely at play given reports were seeing from other centers that have found increased case rates during the pandemic. […] While broken heart syndrome is increasing among women ages 50 to 74 years old, the data shows the risk decreases with age for women over 75, which came as a surprise to researchers. […] In addition, the data offer implications for further study to determine which factors are most at play in raising the risk in this demographic. […] To better understand the underlying causes and triggers of broken heart syndrome, research will continue to identify molecular markers that could more clearly signal susceptibility and risk for developing the condition, as well as paths to recovery.

• #63 Broken Heart Syndrome Has Risen Since 2006, Especially Among Women

  https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/11/13/broken-heart-syndrome-has-risen-since-2006-especially-among-women/

  Nevertheless, there may be a real increase in the incidence of TTS. It could reflect a continuing rise in emotional stress and decreased capacity for dealing with such stress across our society. […] More research is needed to determine what may be driving the observed sex differences in TTS incidence. […] More research is also needed to determine why the TTS incidence in general has been increasing and what should be done to curb such increases.

• #64 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy – Broken Heart Syndrome – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy

  Takotsubo syndrome is more common in: […] Its not an inherited condition (passed down through families) and affects up to 5000 people in the UK every year. […] Researchers from Imperial College London found increased levels of two molecules could increase the chance of suffering from takotsubo syndrome. […] More research is needed to understand the complex reasons why takotsubo syndrome happens and which treatments can be used to manage it for the long-term.

• #65 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy – Broken Heart Syndrome – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy

  Takotsubo syndrome is more common in: […] Its not an inherited condition (passed down through families) and affects up to 5000 people in the UK every year. […] Researchers from Imperial College London found increased levels of two molecules could increase the chance of suffering from takotsubo syndrome. […] More research is needed to understand the complex reasons why takotsubo syndrome happens and which treatments can be used to manage it for the long-term.

• #66 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy – Broken Heart Syndrome – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/takotsubo-cardiomyopathy

  Takotsubo syndrome is more common in: […] Its not an inherited condition (passed down through families) and affects up to 5000 people in the UK every year. […] Researchers from Imperial College London found increased levels of two molecules could increase the chance of suffering from takotsubo syndrome. […] More research is needed to understand the complex reasons why takotsubo syndrome happens and which treatments can be used to manage it for the long-term.

• #67 Broken heart syndrome was thought to be a short-term condition – the latest evidence suggests otherwise

  https://theconversation.com/broken-heart-syndrome-was-thought-to-be-a-short-term-condition-the-latest-evidence-suggests-otherwise-106033

  A new study on the condition, published in Circulation, now shows that the risk of death remains high for many years after the initial attack. […] These studies show that cardiogenic shock is not an uncommon risk factor in broken heart syndrome patients, and it is a strong predictor of death. […] The evidence now clearly shows that the condition is not temporary and it highlights an urgent need to establish new and more effective treatments and careful monitoring of people with this condition.

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