Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome is a rare congenital vascular bone syndrome characterised by a triad of signs; these being: Capillary vascular malformation (port-wine stain), Venous malformation (eg, varicose veins), Limb hypertrophy (usually affecting only one extremity). […] Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome is a rare disease, affecting one in 20,000-40,000 children. It affects both sexes equally and is seen in all races. […] The possible complications of Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome include: DVT due to malformations of deep veins, Pulmonary embolism, Cellulitis, Lymphoedema, Internal bleeding. […] There is no specific cure for Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome, and generally, most patients can be managed conservatively. Specific treatments and procedures can also be used to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

• #2 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) – Vascular surgery | Northwell Health

  https://www.northwell.edu/vascular-surgery/conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular disorder, meaning patients are born with it. The disorder is characterized by three primary features: a port-wine stain, vein malformations and an overgrowth of tissues and bones. […] While there is no cure for KTS, our team is dedicated to helping you manage it with a customized treatment plan that fits your unique situation. […] Our specialists are pioneers in the treatment and management of KTS. […] We’re committed to continuing our research on KTS to uncover safer, more effective ways to manage the symptoms it presents. […] Usually, we rely on minimally invasive options to address symptoms. […] Our experts consider themselves partners in every stage of your care. […] Our team will work with you every step of the way to manage symptoms and complications, protecting your quality of life. […] Certain lifestyle changes can make all the difference for living a life free from pain, discomfort and serious complications.

• #3 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) – Vascular Birthmarks Foundation

  https://birthmark.org/birthmark/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare disorder that is present at birth (congenital) and is characterized by a triad of cutaneous capillary malformation (port-wine stain), lymphatic anomalies, and abnormal veins in association with variable overgrowth of soft tissue and bone. KTS occurs most frequently in the lower limb and less commonly in the upper extremity and trunk. […] Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome was first noted in a 1900 publication of Archives Generales de Medecine. […] These main symptoms are often referred to as the triad. The triad consists of hemangiomas, bone and soft tissue hypertrophy, and vein varicosities. […] Varicose veins are often very noticeable in Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome patients. […] Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome patients are affected by other symptoms as well.

• #4 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/symptoms-causes/syc-20374152

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome care at Mayo Clinic […] It’s important to get a prompt, accurate diagnosis and appropriate care to treat symptoms and prevent complications.

• #5 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  KTS is a complex condition, and a full cure is often not achievable. However, some different treatment options are available to help in the reduction of limb overgrowth and cosmetic appearance. Management is usually conservative and symptomatic, and surgical intervention is rare. […] Compression therapy is the main treatment for children presenting with KTS. It assists in minimising swelling in the affected limbs, in turn reducing tissue overgrowth. […] The main purpose of this treatment is to enable your child to participate in activities as much as possible, as this is important for their development. Compression therapy involves applying pressure onto the affected limb which is done by applying bandages or wearing a compression garment. […] There are a few small steps you can take at home to help relieve your childs discomfort: Assist your child in completing their prescribed therapy regimen, Assist your child in caring for the affected limb with care as they can be easily damaged, Keep the limb clean and well moisturised, Encourage your child to participate in age-appropriate activities where possible.

• #6 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome-related health concerns […] Although there’s no cure for KTS, your doctor can help you manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] Compression therapy. Bandages or elastic garments are wrapped around affected limbs to help prevent swelling, problems with varicose veins and skin ulcers. These bandages or elastic garments often need to be custom-fit. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices leg or arm sleeves that automatically inflate and deflate at set intervals may be used.

• #7 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Klippel Trenaunay syndrome is cutaneous vascular malformation syndrome involving a triad of capillary and venous malformation and limb hypertrophy. […] This activity reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, differential diagnosis, and management of Klippel Trenaunay syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improved care and preventing complications seen in this condition. […] A multi-disciplinary team approach with care coordination is optimal in patients with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome. The mainstay is symptomatic care with medical management, with only a few cases needing surgical intervention. […] Skincare is important to prevent superficial infections and bleeding secondary to scratching. […] Children are monitored closely for limb length discrepancy and referred to orthopedics for orthotics or surgical corrections as needed.

• #8 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Although there’s no cure for KTS, your doctor can help you manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] You and your doctor can work together to determine which of the following treatments are most appropriate for you. Treatments may include: […] Compression therapy. Bandages or elastic garments are wrapped around affected limbs to help prevent swelling, problems with varicose veins and skin ulcers. […] Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding.

• #9 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome?content_id=CON-20374143

  Although there’s no cure for KTS, your doctor can help you manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] You and your doctor can work together to determine which of the following treatments are most appropriate for you. Treatments may include: […] Compression therapy. Bandages or elastic garments are wrapped around affected limbs to help prevent swelling, problems with varicose veins and skin ulcers. […] Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding.

• #10 Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome (KTS) – Rare Awareness Rare Education

  https://rareportal.org.au/rare-disease/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-kts/

  There may be special considerations for the emergency management of individuals living with Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome (KTS) presenting to emergency departments. […] We are not aware of any clinical care guidelines for Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome (KTS) in Australia. If you know of any relevant care guidelines, please let us know via the Contribute page. […] The management of KTS may also involve monitoring for signs of blood clots and in some cases, blood thinning medication may be given to prevent complications from blood clots. […] Healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) may include general practitioners (GP), paediatricians, geneticists, dermatologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, lymphoedema therapists, interventional radiologists, and orthopaedic specialists.

• #11 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/16984

  Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. In children who are diagnosed with KTS, parents need to be educated on possible complications and to ensure close follow-up to monitor for limb length discrepancy and timely management. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients. The primary care provider plays an important role in coordinating care among various specialists to optimize outcomes.

• #12 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558989/

  Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #13 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome-related health concerns […] Although there’s no cure for KTS, your doctor can help you manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] Compression therapy. Bandages or elastic garments are wrapped around affected limbs to help prevent swelling, problems with varicose veins and skin ulcers. These bandages or elastic garments often need to be custom-fit. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices leg or arm sleeves that automatically inflate and deflate at set intervals may be used.

• #14 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Compression stockings, limb elevation, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices are used to minimize lymphedema and venous insufficiency. […] Sclerotherapy-both conventional and micro-foam have been used for capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformation with promising results. […] Laser treatment can be offered for port-wine stains. […] Surgical management is reserved only for cases refractory to medical therapy and consists of endovascular ligation of embryonic veins and stripping of severe varicose veins. […] Pregnant patients need anti-thrombotic therapy as prophylaxis due to a high risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation.

• #15 Treatment of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/treatments.html

  Treatment of Klippel-Traunany syndrome is primarily aimed at management of lymphedema through use of compression therapy. […] Meet a team of experts who focus on you and your condition. Visit the clinic to make an appointment.

• #16 Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Compression stockings are often used to control the symptoms of varicose veins, alleviate pain and swelling, and prevent complications such as bleeding. Dressings, leg elevation, and rest are required for bleeding. […] Ligation of the veins (the surgical tying off of veins) can be used to treat varicose veins in conjunction with vein stripping after confirming an adequate deep venous system. This treatment is not advised in children. […] Sclerotherapy refers to the injection of a sclerosing agent into the veins in order to collapse them. It is used to treat complications arising from varicose veins so they are no longer noticeable on the surface of the skin. […] Laser therapy can be used to treat or manage the port-wine stains, although to a limited extent. It is also used to treat small varicose veins and as an adjuvant for sclerotherapy or endovascular ablation.

• #17 Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome (KTS) – Rare Awareness Rare Education

  https://rareportal.org.au/rare-disease/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-kts/

  There is no curative treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), but there are strategies to manage the symptoms. These strategies may involve a multidisciplinary medical team. […] Management strategies may include compression therapy to minimise swelling and reduce overgrowth. Compression stockings, bandages or custom-made compression garments may be worn for life, or only through significant periods of growth, depending on an individual’s requirements. Specialised (orthopaedic) shoes or shoe inserts may be used to manage uneven leg length, and physiotherapy or occupational therapy may be used to improve mobility. […] In severe cases surgical intervention may be used to restrict growth of the affected limb, remove excessive tissue or swollen veins. It is important to note that there may be special considerations for individuals with KTS requiring general anaesthetic.

• #18 Compression therapy in a patient with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome :: Cambridge Media Journals

  https://journals.cambridgemedia.com.au/jwm/volume-24-number-3/compression-therapy-patient-klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular malformation syndrome defined as capillary and venous malformations, and hypertrophy of the limb with or without lymphatic malformation. Currently there is no cure for KTS but the majority of patients are advised to wear compression garments on the affected limb to control swelling and discomfort. […] Compression therapy was used specially to control lymphoedema and venous insufficiency. […] Compression therapy is essential in the treatment of Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome (KTS). […] Individualised compression therapy is beneficial for alleviating the swelling and lymphoedema associated with KTS. […] None of the treatment methods sufficiently reduced the patients limb oedema, but our case still highlights the importance of continuous individualised compression therapy in the treatment of lymphoedema combined with congenital vascular malformations.

• #19 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome-related health concerns […] Although there’s no cure for KTS, your doctor can help you manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] Compression therapy. Bandages or elastic garments are wrapped around affected limbs to help prevent swelling, problems with varicose veins and skin ulcers. These bandages or elastic garments often need to be custom-fit. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices leg or arm sleeves that automatically inflate and deflate at set intervals may be used.

• #20 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084257-treatment

  Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is conservative and symptomatic. Compression garments are indicated for chronic venous insufficiency, lymphedema, recurrent cellulitis, and recurrent bleeding from capillary or venous malformations of the extremity. The compression garment may also protect the limb from trauma. Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps may also provide benefit. However, in some patients with absent or hypoplastic deep venous systems, elastic compression may increase venous stasis and cause discomfort. Pain management can be a very important aspect of caring for patients with KTWS. Referral to a pain clinic and/or a multidisciplinary team including a pain management specialist is recommended. […] Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis can be managed with analgesics, elevation, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. In patients with a history of recurrent cellulitis, intermittent or prophylactic antibiotics may be considered. Anticoagulant therapy is indicated in acute thrombosis and prophylactically prior to surgical procedures. Given the risk of thrombotic events, women with KTWS should avoid using oral contraceptive pills.

• #21 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding. […] Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #22 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17152-klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-kts

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome treatment varies based on symptoms. Treatment may include: […] Healthcare providers initially diagnose KTS based on the physical signs. You may get a KTS diagnosis if you have issues in two of these three areas: capillaries, veins or limbs. […] If you have Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, you should: Take good care of your skin to prevent infections. […] You need to go to the emergency room if you have a blood clot or heavy bleeding. Blood clots include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] Ongoing treatment with your healthcare provider can lower your risk of complications.

• #23 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Klippel Trenaunay syndrome is cutaneous vascular malformation syndrome involving a triad of capillary and venous malformation and limb hypertrophy. […] This activity reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, differential diagnosis, and management of Klippel Trenaunay syndrome and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improved care and preventing complications seen in this condition. […] A multi-disciplinary team approach with care coordination is optimal in patients with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome. The mainstay is symptomatic care with medical management, with only a few cases needing surgical intervention. […] Skincare is important to prevent superficial infections and bleeding secondary to scratching. […] Children are monitored closely for limb length discrepancy and referred to orthopedics for orthotics or surgical corrections as needed.

• #24 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  KTS is a complex condition, and a full cure is often not achievable. However, some different treatment options are available to help in the reduction of limb overgrowth and cosmetic appearance. Management is usually conservative and symptomatic, and surgical intervention is rare. […] Compression therapy is the main treatment for children presenting with KTS. It assists in minimising swelling in the affected limbs, in turn reducing tissue overgrowth. […] The main purpose of this treatment is to enable your child to participate in activities as much as possible, as this is important for their development. Compression therapy involves applying pressure onto the affected limb which is done by applying bandages or wearing a compression garment. […] There are a few small steps you can take at home to help relieve your childs discomfort: Assist your child in completing their prescribed therapy regimen, Assist your child in caring for the affected limb with care as they can be easily damaged, Keep the limb clean and well moisturised, Encourage your child to participate in age-appropriate activities where possible.

• #25

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  Once a diagnosis of KTS was confirmed, each component (VM, LM, CM) was sub-classified as truncular or extra-truncular. Parents of children in the pediatric age group were advised symptomatic treatment, until they were at least 18-year-old. The importance of good skin care, height correction footwear, compression (either short stretch bandage or 25-33 mm of Hg stockings), manual decongestive therapy (MLD), and need for regular follow-up was impressed on them. […] To reduce the edema (in adult patients) a short course therapy of tablet daflon 1 g once a day 3 months, tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg alternate days for a month were added to the above-mentioned plan. This we found improved compliance with the use of compression hosiery and MLD, as they saw a reduction in limb girth. […] Attention to good skin care and nutrition is vital. The former reduces the incidence of infection and therefore decreases fibrosis and ulceration. Malnourished patients could have excess edema secondary to reduced plasma osmotic pressure from hypoalbuminemia.

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  Once a diagnosis of KTS was confirmed, each component (VM, LM, CM) was sub-classified as truncular or extra-truncular. Parents of children in the pediatric age group were advised symptomatic treatment, until they were at least 18-year-old. The importance of good skin care, height correction footwear, compression (either short stretch bandage or 25-33 mm of Hg stockings), manual decongestive therapy (MLD), and need for regular follow-up was impressed on them. […] To reduce the edema (in adult patients) a short course therapy of tablet daflon 1 g once a day 3 months, tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg alternate days for a month were added to the above-mentioned plan. This we found improved compliance with the use of compression hosiery and MLD, as they saw a reduction in limb girth. […] Attention to good skin care and nutrition is vital. The former reduces the incidence of infection and therefore decreases fibrosis and ulceration. Malnourished patients could have excess edema secondary to reduced plasma osmotic pressure from hypoalbuminemia.

• #27 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding. […] Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #28 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Epiphysiodesis (ep-ih-fiz-e-OD-uh-sis). This is an orthopedic surgical procedure that effectively can stop length overgrowth of the lower limb. […] Embolization. This procedure, performed through small catheters placed into the veins or arteries, blocks blood flow to certain blood vessels. […] Laser therapy. This procedure may be used to remove or lighten port-wine stains and to treat leaking and bleeding blebs on the skin. […] Laser or radiofrequency ablation of veins. This minimally invasive procedure is used to close off malformed veins.

• #29 Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-kts/

  Our certified lymphedema therapists are experienced in working with children to reduce or prevent swelling. They will create a custom treatment plan for your child using complete decongestive therapy (CDT). […] Your child may need pain medicine or antibiotics to prevent or treat infections caused by abnormal blood flow in the area. […] We talk with you about the best way to measure and track changes, such as imaging studies. […] If KTS causes problems with your child’s bones, we will work with orthopedic experts to plan the best treatment. […] Your child’s treatment for overgrowth problems may include physical therapy or occupational therapy. […] We schedule visits so your child sees all the specialists they need in as few days as possible. […] Your child’s team will work together and with you to make a treatment plan that fits your child’s unique needs. Combining our skills helps make sure your child gets the very best care. […] Our experts focus on how treatments today affect growing bodies in the future. We provide the best and safest treatment for your child based on our years of experience and the newest research.

• #30

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  We have found MLD to be very useful in reducing edema and softening areas of lipodermatic skin. […] Height correction footwear using locally available in sole’s was an eye-opener and should be mentioned to patients who do not have access to orthotics or cobblers. […] The use of LMWH preoperatively and postoperatively in patients undergoing intervention, if their D-dimer was elevated has prevented any VTE event, thus far. […] Managing patients with KTS requires a multi-disciplinary team or an interest group consisting a vascular and endovascular surgeon, orthopedic surgeon (adult and pediatric), plastic surgeon, physiotherapist, and an orthotics, which, we have at our institute.

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  We have found MLD to be very useful in reducing edema and softening areas of lipodermatic skin. […] Height correction footwear using locally available in sole’s was an eye-opener and should be mentioned to patients who do not have access to orthotics or cobblers. […] The use of LMWH preoperatively and postoperatively in patients undergoing intervention, if their D-dimer was elevated has prevented any VTE event, thus far. […] Managing patients with KTS requires a multi-disciplinary team or an interest group consisting a vascular and endovascular surgeon, orthopedic surgeon (adult and pediatric), plastic surgeon, physiotherapist, and an orthotics, which, we have at our institute.

• #32 Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-kts/

  Our certified lymphedema therapists are experienced in working with children to reduce or prevent swelling. They will create a custom treatment plan for your child using complete decongestive therapy (CDT). […] Your child may need pain medicine or antibiotics to prevent or treat infections caused by abnormal blood flow in the area. […] We talk with you about the best way to measure and track changes, such as imaging studies. […] If KTS causes problems with your child’s bones, we will work with orthopedic experts to plan the best treatment. […] Your child’s treatment for overgrowth problems may include physical therapy or occupational therapy. […] We schedule visits so your child sees all the specialists they need in as few days as possible. […] Your child’s team will work together and with you to make a treatment plan that fits your child’s unique needs. Combining our skills helps make sure your child gets the very best care. […] Our experts focus on how treatments today affect growing bodies in the future. We provide the best and safest treatment for your child based on our years of experience and the newest research.

• #33 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding. […] Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #34 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Epiphysiodesis (ep-ih-fiz-e-OD-uh-sis). This is an orthopedic surgical procedure that effectively can stop length overgrowth of the lower limb. […] Embolization. This procedure, performed through small catheters placed into the veins or arteries, blocks blood flow to certain blood vessels. […] Laser therapy. This procedure may be used to remove or lighten port-wine stains and to treat leaking and bleeding blebs on the skin. […] Laser or radiofrequency ablation of veins. This minimally invasive procedure is used to close off malformed veins.

• #35 Manifestations of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome. Child With Leg Pain, Swelling, and Varicosities | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/manifestations-klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-child-leg-pain-swelling-and-varicosities

  A 7-year-old girl presented with pain and discomfort in the left leg that was exacerbated by physical activity. […] Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) was diagnosed at age 3 years after an evaluation for swelling, discoloration, and pain of the left leg. […] The parents had elected for conservative management with observation. […] Because KTS is a combined malformation syndrome, a multidisciplinary approach to management is advised. Treatment depends on disease severity and is largely conservative, focusing on symptom relief. […] Compression therapy can alleviate venous insufficiency and lymphedema, although diuretics may be needed for significant fluid collection. […] Physical therapy may improve limitations secondary to limb overgrowth. […] For patients with a leg length difference of less than 1.5 cm, heel inserts or special orthopedic footwear may prevent vertebral scoliosis.

• #36 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/vascular-anomalies/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare vascular anomaly that involves the blood vessels, the lymphatic system and nearby tissues. The congenital (present at birth) condition is typically seen in the arms and adjacent shoulder or legs and adjacent hips or pelvis. […] Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome focuses on symptom management, as there is no cure for the disease. Treatments may include: Compression (bandages or elastic) garments wrapped around affected limbs to reduce swelling, cellulitis and recurrent bleeding; Physical therapy: Massage and movement to relieve arm or leg swelling; Anticoagulant therapy: Medications to prevent blood clots from forming; Epiphysiodesis: Surgical removal of a bone growth plate to stop overgrowth of a leg; Embolization: Nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure that uses small catheters placed into veins or arteries to prevent blood flow to certain areas of the body; Laser therapy: Pulsed-dye laser treatment to lighten or eliminate port-wine stains; multiple treatments may be necessary; Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution into the veins to minimize swelling; Surgery: Remove or reconstruct affected veins; Orthopaedic inserts and shoes: Heel inserts to assist in managing leg length differences up to one inch or orthopaedic shoes to correct length differences of more than one inch.

• #37

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  We have found MLD to be very useful in reducing edema and softening areas of lipodermatic skin. […] Height correction footwear using locally available in sole’s was an eye-opener and should be mentioned to patients who do not have access to orthotics or cobblers. […] The use of LMWH preoperatively and postoperatively in patients undergoing intervention, if their D-dimer was elevated has prevented any VTE event, thus far. […] Managing patients with KTS requires a multi-disciplinary team or an interest group consisting a vascular and endovascular surgeon, orthopedic surgeon (adult and pediatric), plastic surgeon, physiotherapist, and an orthotics, which, we have at our institute.

• #38 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084257-treatment

  Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is conservative and symptomatic. Compression garments are indicated for chronic venous insufficiency, lymphedema, recurrent cellulitis, and recurrent bleeding from capillary or venous malformations of the extremity. The compression garment may also protect the limb from trauma. Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps may also provide benefit. However, in some patients with absent or hypoplastic deep venous systems, elastic compression may increase venous stasis and cause discomfort. Pain management can be a very important aspect of caring for patients with KTWS. Referral to a pain clinic and/or a multidisciplinary team including a pain management specialist is recommended. […] Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis can be managed with analgesics, elevation, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. In patients with a history of recurrent cellulitis, intermittent or prophylactic antibiotics may be considered. Anticoagulant therapy is indicated in acute thrombosis and prophylactically prior to surgical procedures. Given the risk of thrombotic events, women with KTWS should avoid using oral contraceptive pills.

• #39 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #40 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Rapamycin is a relatively newer therapy that can halt the progression of vascular malformation and improve the quality of life in patients with KTS. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] In children who are diagnosed with KTS, parents need to be educated on possible complications and to ensure close follow-up to monitor for limb length discrepancy and timely management. […] Patients should be educated on proper skin care to prevent complications arising from superficial infection. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #41

  https://journals.lww.com/ijvs/fulltext/2018/05030/management_of_klippel_trenaunay_syndrome_from_a.5.aspx

  Once a diagnosis of KTS was confirmed, each component (VM, LM, CM) was sub-classified as truncular or extra-truncular. Parents of children in the pediatric age group were advised symptomatic treatment, until they were at least 18-year-old. The importance of good skin care, height correction footwear, compression (either short stretch bandage or 25-33 mm of Hg stockings), manual decongestive therapy (MLD), and need for regular follow-up was impressed on them. […] To reduce the edema (in adult patients) a short course therapy of tablet daflon 1 g once a day 3 months, tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg alternate days for a month were added to the above-mentioned plan. This we found improved compliance with the use of compression hosiery and MLD, as they saw a reduction in limb girth. […] Attention to good skin care and nutrition is vital. The former reduces the incidence of infection and therefore decreases fibrosis and ulceration. Malnourished patients could have excess edema secondary to reduced plasma osmotic pressure from hypoalbuminemia.

• #42 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Compression stockings, limb elevation, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices are used to minimize lymphedema and venous insufficiency. […] Sclerotherapy-both conventional and micro-foam have been used for capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformation with promising results. […] Laser treatment can be offered for port-wine stains. […] Surgical management is reserved only for cases refractory to medical therapy and consists of endovascular ligation of embryonic veins and stripping of severe varicose veins. […] Pregnant patients need anti-thrombotic therapy as prophylaxis due to a high risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation.

• #43 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558989/

  Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #44 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klippel-trenaunay/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374155

  Skin care. Skin hygiene of the affected limb can reduce infection risk and be part of treatment for superficial bleeding. […] Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #45 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #46 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  The Vascular Anomalies Center (VAC) at Boston Children’s specializes in innovative, family-centered care for children with KTS. From your first visit, you’ll work with a team of professionals who are committed to supporting all your family’s physical and psychosocial needs. KTS is a progressive condition, which means that it will grow as your child grows. That said, many kids — especially those with mild cases of KTS — go on to live normal, healthy lives. Treatment for your child’s symptoms is the most effective way to manage the disease. […] Surgeons at Boston Children’s are leading the charge in removing the extra tissue that grows as a result of KTS. In what’s called a debulking procedure, our surgeons remove a great deal of the extra tissue, which can allow your child to regain leg function.

• #47 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/vascular-anomalies/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare vascular anomaly that involves the blood vessels, the lymphatic system and nearby tissues. The congenital (present at birth) condition is typically seen in the arms and adjacent shoulder or legs and adjacent hips or pelvis. […] Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome focuses on symptom management, as there is no cure for the disease. Treatments may include: Compression (bandages or elastic) garments wrapped around affected limbs to reduce swelling, cellulitis and recurrent bleeding; Physical therapy: Massage and movement to relieve arm or leg swelling; Anticoagulant therapy: Medications to prevent blood clots from forming; Epiphysiodesis: Surgical removal of a bone growth plate to stop overgrowth of a leg; Embolization: Nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure that uses small catheters placed into veins or arteries to prevent blood flow to certain areas of the body; Laser therapy: Pulsed-dye laser treatment to lighten or eliminate port-wine stains; multiple treatments may be necessary; Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution into the veins to minimize swelling; Surgery: Remove or reconstruct affected veins; Orthopaedic inserts and shoes: Heel inserts to assist in managing leg length differences up to one inch or orthopaedic shoes to correct length differences of more than one inch.

• #48 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  The Vascular Anomalies Center (VAC) at Boston Children’s specializes in innovative, family-centered care for children with KTS. From your first visit, you’ll work with a team of professionals who are committed to supporting all your family’s physical and psychosocial needs. KTS is a progressive condition, which means that it will grow as your child grows. That said, many kids — especially those with mild cases of KTS — go on to live normal, healthy lives. Treatment for your child’s symptoms is the most effective way to manage the disease. […] Surgeons at Boston Children’s are leading the charge in removing the extra tissue that grows as a result of KTS. In what’s called a debulking procedure, our surgeons remove a great deal of the extra tissue, which can allow your child to regain leg function.

• #49 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Compression stockings, limb elevation, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices are used to minimize lymphedema and venous insufficiency. […] Sclerotherapy-both conventional and micro-foam have been used for capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformation with promising results. […] Laser treatment can be offered for port-wine stains. […] Surgical management is reserved only for cases refractory to medical therapy and consists of endovascular ligation of embryonic veins and stripping of severe varicose veins. […] Pregnant patients need anti-thrombotic therapy as prophylaxis due to a high risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation.

• #50 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #51 Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Compression stockings are often used to control the symptoms of varicose veins, alleviate pain and swelling, and prevent complications such as bleeding. Dressings, leg elevation, and rest are required for bleeding. […] Ligation of the veins (the surgical tying off of veins) can be used to treat varicose veins in conjunction with vein stripping after confirming an adequate deep venous system. This treatment is not advised in children. […] Sclerotherapy refers to the injection of a sclerosing agent into the veins in order to collapse them. It is used to treat complications arising from varicose veins so they are no longer noticeable on the surface of the skin. […] Laser therapy can be used to treat or manage the port-wine stains, although to a limited extent. It is also used to treat small varicose veins and as an adjuvant for sclerotherapy or endovascular ablation.

• #52 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome – Varicose Veins NYC | NJ Spider Veins

  https://www.veincenters.net/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Surgery and other minimally invasive therapies are sometime necessary to treat KTS and its complications. […] Surgery may be necessary for KTS to reduce the threat of serious complications. Surgical treatments are performed in our accredited facilities by one of our surgeons. […] Sclerotherapy may be recommended. Sclerotherapy involves the injection of a solution directly into the veins that cause them to collapse and disappear. […] Sclerotherapy can eliminate the pain and discomfort of varicose veins and helps prevent complications such as venous hemorrhage and ulceration. […] Laser therapy is available to lighten or remove the port wine stain. […] At City Surgical Care we work with each patient to treat the specific symptoms of KTS. Outcomes are generally very good; your healthcare provider will be able to provide more detail.

• #53 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Compression stockings, limb elevation, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices are used to minimize lymphedema and venous insufficiency. […] Sclerotherapy-both conventional and micro-foam have been used for capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformation with promising results. […] Laser treatment can be offered for port-wine stains. […] Surgical management is reserved only for cases refractory to medical therapy and consists of endovascular ligation of embryonic veins and stripping of severe varicose veins. […] Pregnant patients need anti-thrombotic therapy as prophylaxis due to a high risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation.

• #54 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #55 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/vascular-anomalies/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare vascular anomaly that involves the blood vessels, the lymphatic system and nearby tissues. The congenital (present at birth) condition is typically seen in the arms and adjacent shoulder or legs and adjacent hips or pelvis. […] Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome focuses on symptom management, as there is no cure for the disease. Treatments may include: Compression (bandages or elastic) garments wrapped around affected limbs to reduce swelling, cellulitis and recurrent bleeding; Physical therapy: Massage and movement to relieve arm or leg swelling; Anticoagulant therapy: Medications to prevent blood clots from forming; Epiphysiodesis: Surgical removal of a bone growth plate to stop overgrowth of a leg; Embolization: Nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure that uses small catheters placed into veins or arteries to prevent blood flow to certain areas of the body; Laser therapy: Pulsed-dye laser treatment to lighten or eliminate port-wine stains; multiple treatments may be necessary; Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution into the veins to minimize swelling; Surgery: Remove or reconstruct affected veins; Orthopaedic inserts and shoes: Heel inserts to assist in managing leg length differences up to one inch or orthopaedic shoes to correct length differences of more than one inch.

• #56 Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome Launceston | Endovenous Laser Therapy

  https://www.vr.net.au/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Management of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome depends on symptoms. […] Supportive care such as wearing compression garments and stockings, keeping the leg in an elevated position and using shoe inserts may be recommended at an early stage to help control limb swelling and pain. […] Medicines such as analgesics and antibiotics may be advised to manage cellulitis. Your doctor might recommend anticoagulants to treat the blood clots. […] Laser therapy may be advised in cases of ulceration and breakdown of lymphatic blebs, small cysts filled with lymph fluid. It is very effective in treating pain and lightening the colour of the port wine stain. […] Surgical option may sometimes be recommended or more probably these days endovenous vein closure procedures. […] Sclerotherapy involves injection of a chemical into the vein causing inflammation. The blood cannot flow through it and the vein collapses and forms scar tissue.

• #57 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Physical therapy. Massage, compression and limb movement as appropriate may help relieve lymphedema in arms or legs and swelling of the blood vessels. […] Orthopedic devices. These may include orthopedic shoes or shoe inserts to compensate for differences in leg length. […] Epiphysiodesis (ep-ih-fiz-e-OD-uh-sis). This is an orthopedic surgical procedure that effectively can stop length overgrowth of the lower limb. […] Embolization. This procedure, performed through small catheters placed into the veins or arteries, blocks blood flow to certain blood vessels. […] Laser therapy. This procedure may be used to remove or lighten port-wine stains and to treat leaking and bleeding blebs on the skin. […] Laser or radiofrequency ablation of veins. This minimally invasive procedure is used to close off malformed veins.

• #58 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #59 Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Problematic varicose veins can be closed off by using high-frequency radio waves to create local heat in the affected vein. This is generally associated with fewer risks and faster recovery compared to ligation and stripping. […] If the asymmetry between the affected and unaffected legs is predicted to be greater than 2 cm, epiphysiodesis can be performed to slow the growth in the longer leg. […] Patients with Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome tend to do very well. While it is not a life-threatening condition and most patients end up having normal lives, ongoing care is required. This is best provided by a multidisciplinary team of dermatologists, vascular and orthopaedic surgeons, and general surgeons.

• #60 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  MR-guided ablation. Blood vessels are treated with a laser or cautery under MRI guidance. […] Sclerotherapy. A solution is injected into a vein, which creates scar tissue that helps close the vein. […] Surgery. In some cases, surgical removal or reconstruction of affected veins, removal of excess tissue, and correction of the overgrowth of bone may be beneficial. […] Medication. Some people have benefited from oral medications that may help to treat complex vascular and lymphatic malformations that cause symptoms. […] In addition, treatment may be needed for complications such as bleeding, infection, blood clots or skin ulcers. Special care may be needed during pregnancy to prevent complications.

• #61 Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome is a rare congenital vascular bone syndrome characterised by a triad of signs; these being: Capillary vascular malformation (port-wine stain), Venous malformation (eg, varicose veins), Limb hypertrophy (usually affecting only one extremity). […] Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome is a rare disease, affecting one in 20,000-40,000 children. It affects both sexes equally and is seen in all races. […] The possible complications of Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome include: DVT due to malformations of deep veins, Pulmonary embolism, Cellulitis, Lymphoedema, Internal bleeding. […] There is no specific cure for Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome, and generally, most patients can be managed conservatively. Specific treatments and procedures can also be used to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

• #62 Compva: Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome

  https://www.compva.com/science/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome (KTS) is characterized by the combination of capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations (the latter predominantly as lymphedema, more rarely microcystic or macrocystic) with an ipsilateral circumscribed overgrowth usually of a lower extremity. […] Therapy includes multidisciplinary care, lymphedema treatment (CDT = complex physical decongestive therapy), and if necessary, percutaneous sclerotherapy, endovenous laser or radiofrequency therapy or ligation of marginal veins, varices and other venous or lymphatic malformations. […] If necessary, thrombosis prophylaxis, especially in risk situations (e.g., heparin, DOAK as off-label use). […] Increased risk of thrombosis, recurrent painful thrombophlebitis, sudden bleeding in venous malformations, chronic venous insufficiency, chronic lymphedema, lymphorrhea, and leg length discrepancy are complications associated with Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome.

• #63 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084257-treatment

  Treatment for Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is conservative and symptomatic. Compression garments are indicated for chronic venous insufficiency, lymphedema, recurrent cellulitis, and recurrent bleeding from capillary or venous malformations of the extremity. The compression garment may also protect the limb from trauma. Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps may also provide benefit. However, in some patients with absent or hypoplastic deep venous systems, elastic compression may increase venous stasis and cause discomfort. Pain management can be a very important aspect of caring for patients with KTWS. Referral to a pain clinic and/or a multidisciplinary team including a pain management specialist is recommended. […] Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis can be managed with analgesics, elevation, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. In patients with a history of recurrent cellulitis, intermittent or prophylactic antibiotics may be considered. Anticoagulant therapy is indicated in acute thrombosis and prophylactically prior to surgical procedures. Given the risk of thrombotic events, women with KTWS should avoid using oral contraceptive pills.

• #64

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2020/05080/successful_management_of_klippel_trenaunay.16.aspx

  KlippelTrenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a congenital vascular disease characterized by cutaneous hemangiomas, venous varicosities, and limb hypertrophy. Although extremely rare in pregnant women, the present vascular alterations may be aggravated, consequent to postural and hormonal changes inherent to the pregnancy. Pregnancy is not advised in KTS women due to increased obstetrical risk. […] Patients with KTS can be pregnant and have healthy babies safely with regularly monitor and reasonable treatment during pregnancy. A careful follow-up and guidance are necessary. […] The mode of delivery needs to be individualized per case, and depends on multiple circumstances such as the previous history of the patient, including previous childbearing history, disorder related history which may indicate potential future complications and the imaging findings. The presence of varicosities in the cervical, vaginal, or vulvar area will make vaginal delivery difficult according to the high risk of rupture and hemorrhage. And anesthesia and vascular term consultation is strongly advised before delivery to optimize patient care and safety. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach was necessary to decide the mode of delivery.

• #65 Manifestations of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome. Child With Leg Pain, Swelling, and Varicosities | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/manifestations-klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-child-leg-pain-swelling-and-varicosities

  Patients with a leg length discrepancy of greater than 2 cm should be referred for orthopedic surgery. […] Postoperative anticoagulation should be considered in patients with KTS because they are at higher risk for thrombotic complications. […] Similarly, female patients with KTS are generally advised to avoid oral contraceptives because of their prothrombotic potential. […] Patients with complications, such as infection and thrombus formation (including pulmonary emboli), require appropriate treatment and evaluation for more aggressive intervention. […] For patients who do not respond to conservative approaches or who desire more definitive results, other therapies are available. […] For this child, we recommended custom-fit hose with 30 mm Hg compression. […] She was referred to interventional radiology for consideration of embolization or surgery and to orthopedics for treatment of limb length discrepancy. […] The psychological impact of the physical deformity should not be overlooked.

• #66

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2020/05080/successful_management_of_klippel_trenaunay.16.aspx

  The main complication of KTS patients in pregnancy and postpartum is coagulopathy, including deep vein thrombosis and other thromboembolic problems, which is 10 times greater risk than in the normal population. […] The success in the management of these patients with this syndrome requires the participation of a multidisciplinary team, consisting of obstetrician, anesthesiologist, urologist, and vascular surgeon. The use of prophylactic anticoagulants is generally advised during the pregnancy and postpartum period.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2020/05080/successful_management_of_klippel_trenaunay.16.aspx

  KlippelTrenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a congenital vascular disease characterized by cutaneous hemangiomas, venous varicosities, and limb hypertrophy. Although extremely rare in pregnant women, the present vascular alterations may be aggravated, consequent to postural and hormonal changes inherent to the pregnancy. Pregnancy is not advised in KTS women due to increased obstetrical risk. […] Patients with KTS can be pregnant and have healthy babies safely with regularly monitor and reasonable treatment during pregnancy. A careful follow-up and guidance are necessary. […] The mode of delivery needs to be individualized per case, and depends on multiple circumstances such as the previous history of the patient, including previous childbearing history, disorder related history which may indicate potential future complications and the imaging findings. The presence of varicosities in the cervical, vaginal, or vulvar area will make vaginal delivery difficult according to the high risk of rupture and hemorrhage. And anesthesia and vascular term consultation is strongly advised before delivery to optimize patient care and safety. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach was necessary to decide the mode of delivery.

• #68 A multidisciplinary management approach for patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and multifetal gestation with successful outcomes

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/crpm-2017-0070/html?srsltid=AfmBOoqkXrTaBT7SAtDXiniQnpsTq9_HUWe9JS9sctKogoa9NXCso1tf

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a complex congenital disorder characterized by the classic triad of capillary malformation, venous and lymphatic malformations and limb overgrowth. […] Management of pregnancies affected by KTS and multiple gestations should be personalized with a multi-disciplinary approach to avoid morbidity and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. […] Given the associated spectrum of complications, pregnancies complicated by KTS should be considered high risk and therefore care should be overseen by a maternal-fetal medicine specialist. […] Anticoagulation should be addressed early and patients should be counseled on the importance of compliance. […] Given increased bleeding risks associated with KTS, extra precautions should be taken in preparation for postpartum hemorrhage, especially in multiple pregnancies.

• #69 Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome

  Management of Klippel-Trnaunay syndrome requires a multidisciplinary and individualised approach. Symptomatic treatment is used to improve quality of life. Relative indications for intervention include pain, functional impairment, swelling, limb asymmetry, or cosmetic reasons. Absolute indications include haemorrhage, infections, refractory ulcers, or acute thromboembolism. […] Graduated compression garments help to reduce the effect of chronic venous insufficiency in the affected limb. Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps may also be used to the same effect. These help to reduce the effects of venous insufficiency but do not affect the ultimate size of the limb. […] Pregnant women with KT syndrome need careful monitoring due to a range of haematological, obstetric and anaesthetic complications. […] There is no curative therapy.

• #70 A multidisciplinary management approach for patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and multifetal gestation with successful outcomes

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/crpm-2017-0070/html?srsltid=AfmBOoqkXrTaBT7SAtDXiniQnpsTq9_HUWe9JS9sctKogoa9NXCso1tf

  If not previously done, imaging studies should be performed to evaluate extent of vascular disease and to aid decision making for route of anesthesia as well as mode of delivery. […] The extent of disease in the pelvis as well as location of port-wine stains are crucial in determining appropriate mode of delivery. […] Given the rarity of KTS with unknown incidence and prevalence, the literature regarding the care of these patients is scarce and further investigation in the care of pregnancies affected by KTS is needed.

• #71

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2020/05080/successful_management_of_klippel_trenaunay.16.aspx

  KlippelTrenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a congenital vascular disease characterized by cutaneous hemangiomas, venous varicosities, and limb hypertrophy. Although extremely rare in pregnant women, the present vascular alterations may be aggravated, consequent to postural and hormonal changes inherent to the pregnancy. Pregnancy is not advised in KTS women due to increased obstetrical risk. […] Patients with KTS can be pregnant and have healthy babies safely with regularly monitor and reasonable treatment during pregnancy. A careful follow-up and guidance are necessary. […] The mode of delivery needs to be individualized per case, and depends on multiple circumstances such as the previous history of the patient, including previous childbearing history, disorder related history which may indicate potential future complications and the imaging findings. The presence of varicosities in the cervical, vaginal, or vulvar area will make vaginal delivery difficult according to the high risk of rupture and hemorrhage. And anesthesia and vascular term consultation is strongly advised before delivery to optimize patient care and safety. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach was necessary to decide the mode of delivery.

• #72 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084257-treatment

  Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) should be monitored at least annually and more often if clinically indicated. Stable disease can be followed clinically. KTWS is not always a static disease process. If progression of the disease arises, imaging studies should be performed. Medical or surgical intervention should be pursued if indicated.

• #73 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome may be suspected in children who have a port wine stain covering an arm or leg, but the diagnosis may not be confirmed until the child is walking and the varicose veins and limb hypertrophy are more obvious. […] Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome itself cannot be treated but the symptoms associated with it can be improved to a great extent. […] The usual way of treating varicose veins, by tying them off or removing them is not advised in children with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. […] Limb hypertrophy can be treated in various ways, depending on the difference in size between the affected and unaffected leg. […] As the severity of symptoms of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome varies from child to child, a multidisciplinary team often provides the best care. Regular reviews with dermatologists, orthopaedic, vascular and general surgeons will be needed, often until the child is a teenager. […] Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a lifelong condition, needing ongoing care and treatment, so a child will need to transfer to adult services when he or she reaches 16 to 18 years old.

• #74 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] Strategies to help manage KTS symptoms include: Keep appointments. Regularly scheduled appointments can help your doctor identify and address problems early. […] Notify your doctor of changes. Work with your doctor to manage your symptoms and prevent complications. Contact your doctor if you have symptoms of blood clots or an infection or if you experience increased pain or swelling. […] Living with KTS can be a challenge. Support and advocacy groups can provide a connection with other people who have KTS. […] Most cases of KTS are found at birth. If the doctor suspects that your child has this syndrome, diagnostic tests and treatment will likely begin before your child leaves the hospital.

• #75 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20374143/

  Strategies to help manage KTS symptoms include: […] Living with KTS can be a challenge. Support and advocacy groups can provide a connection with other people who have KTS. […] Your childs doctor will look for developmental problems at regular checkups and give you the opportunity to discuss any concerns. Its important to take your child to all regularly scheduled well-baby visits and annual appointments.

• #76 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Strategies to help manage KTS symptoms include: […] Living with KTS can be a challenge. Support and advocacy groups can provide a connection with other people who have KTS. […] Talking with a psychologist, psychiatrist or other mental health professional also may be helpful to many people with KTS.

• #77 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20374143/

  Strategies to help manage KTS symptoms include: […] Living with KTS can be a challenge. Support and advocacy groups can provide a connection with other people who have KTS. […] Your childs doctor will look for developmental problems at regular checkups and give you the opportunity to discuss any concerns. Its important to take your child to all regularly scheduled well-baby visits and annual appointments.

• #78 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  Because KTS may affect many systems in the body, your health care team may include specialists in vascular medicine and surgery, skin diseases (dermatology), interventional radiology, orthopedic surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, and other areas as needed. […] Strategies to help manage KTS symptoms include: Keep appointments. Regularly scheduled appointments can help your doctor identify and address problems early. […] Notify your doctor of changes. Work with your doctor to manage your symptoms and prevent complications. Contact your doctor if you have symptoms of blood clots or an infection or if you experience increased pain or swelling. […] Living with KTS can be a challenge. Support and advocacy groups can provide a connection with other people who have KTS. […] Most cases of KTS are found at birth. If the doctor suspects that your child has this syndrome, diagnostic tests and treatment will likely begin before your child leaves the hospital.

• #79 Understanding Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://tap.health/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  In addition to medical care, emotional and psychological support are critical. Joining patient advocacy groups, either online or in person, can provide a sense of community and shared experience. These groups often offer valuable information about managing symptoms, coping mechanisms, and access to resources specific to the Indian subcontinent and tropical climates.

• #80 Manifestations of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome. Child With Leg Pain, Swelling, and Varicosities | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/manifestations-klippel-trenaunay-syndrome-child-leg-pain-swelling-and-varicosities

  Patients with a leg length discrepancy of greater than 2 cm should be referred for orthopedic surgery. […] Postoperative anticoagulation should be considered in patients with KTS because they are at higher risk for thrombotic complications. […] Similarly, female patients with KTS are generally advised to avoid oral contraceptives because of their prothrombotic potential. […] Patients with complications, such as infection and thrombus formation (including pulmonary emboli), require appropriate treatment and evaluation for more aggressive intervention. […] For patients who do not respond to conservative approaches or who desire more definitive results, other therapies are available. […] For this child, we recommended custom-fit hose with 30 mm Hg compression. […] She was referred to interventional radiology for consideration of embolization or surgery and to orthopedics for treatment of limb length discrepancy. […] The psychological impact of the physical deformity should not be overlooked.

• #81 Understanding Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://tap.health/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome/

  In addition to medical care, emotional and psychological support are critical. Joining patient advocacy groups, either online or in person, can provide a sense of community and shared experience. These groups often offer valuable information about managing symptoms, coping mechanisms, and access to resources specific to the Indian subcontinent and tropical climates.

• #82 NCP Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome | PDF | Vein | Clinical Medicine

  https://www.scribd.com/document/342216402/NCP-Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrome

  1. The patient has Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome which causes left leg mass and impaired mobility. […] 2. After 3 days of nursing intervention, the patient demonstrates increased mobility through playing and is free from complications of immobility. […] 3. Evaluation shows the nursing goals of preventing skin breakdown and increasing mobility were met.

• #83 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Rapamycin is a relatively newer therapy that can halt the progression of vascular malformation and improve the quality of life in patients with KTS. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] In children who are diagnosed with KTS, parents need to be educated on possible complications and to ensure close follow-up to monitor for limb length discrepancy and timely management. […] Patients should be educated on proper skin care to prevent complications arising from superficial infection. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #84 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/16984

  Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. In children who are diagnosed with KTS, parents need to be educated on possible complications and to ensure close follow-up to monitor for limb length discrepancy and timely management. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients. The primary care provider plays an important role in coordinating care among various specialists to optimize outcomes.

• #85 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558989/

  Rapamycin is a relatively newer therapy that can halt the progression of vascular malformation and improve the quality of life in patients with KTS. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] In children who are diagnosed with KTS, parents need to be educated on possible complications and to ensure close follow-up to monitor for limb length discrepancy and timely management. […] Patients should be educated on proper skin care to prevent complications arising from superficial infection. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #86 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558989/

  Patients undergoing surgical procedures should receive low molecular weight heparin prior to the procedure to reduce the risk of intravascular coagulation. […] Patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome need to be aware of the progressive nature of this condition. […] Education should be provided to seek immediate medical education for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. […] A collaborative approach among health care professionals is important to provide optimal care for these patients.

• #87 NCP Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome | PDF | Vein | Clinical Medicine

  https://www.scribd.com/document/342216402/NCP-Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrome

  1. The patient has Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome which causes left leg mass and impaired mobility. […] 2. After 3 days of nursing intervention, the patient demonstrates increased mobility through playing and is free from complications of immobility. […] 3. Evaluation shows the nursing goals of preventing skin breakdown and increasing mobility were met.

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