Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Patellofemoral Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/

  Patellofemoral syndrome is one of the most common knee conditions seen by clinicians. In active individuals, it may account for 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic, although the true incidence is unknown. PFS affects women more so than men at a ratio of close to 2:1, according to studies. Age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. […] Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain. It is commonly known as runner’s knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome, or idiopathic anterior knee pain. It is a diagnosis of exclusion once another intra-articular and peripatellar pathology has been ruled out. Pain is often located behind or around the patella and aggravated by loading a flexed knee joint. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. Studies have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol.

• #2 Epidemiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome | Epitact

  https://epitact.co.uk/knee/patellar-syndrome/epidemiology

  Frequency of patellofemoral pain syndrome: How to explain the high incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome? Which persons are concerned by this knee condition? People at risk are numerous due to the high incidence of this condition in the world population. Even if it affects specific subcategories of population, it is a recurrent condition in the field of sport. Patellofemoral syndrome represents 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic(1)! […] Among the people at risk, women would be nearly two times more affected than men by the patellofemoral syndrome(1). Sedentary people can also be concerned but the active population is more so affected. […] Sportspersons are also people at risk for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Indeed, this diagnosis is the most frequently established among people doing regular physical activity. For example, this condition would concern approximately 25% of all injuries in runners(2).

• #3 Patellofemoral Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/

  Patellofemoral syndrome is one of the most common knee conditions seen by clinicians. In active individuals, it may account for 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic, although the true incidence is unknown. PFS affects women more so than men at a ratio of close to 2:1, according to studies. Age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. […] Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain. It is commonly known as runner’s knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome, or idiopathic anterior knee pain. It is a diagnosis of exclusion once another intra-articular and peripatellar pathology has been ruled out. Pain is often located behind or around the patella and aggravated by loading a flexed knee joint. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. Studies have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol.

• #4 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #5 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  The annual prevalence in a mixed-gender general population is 22.7%, while for women only this value reaches 29.2% and for men only, 15.5%. […] The incidence of patellofemoral pain in adolescent athletes varies from 5.1% to 14.9%, while the point prevalence in female adolescent athletes is 22.7%. In the general population, the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender adolescents population is 7.2%, and the annual prevalence is 28.9%.

• #6 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0115/p88.html

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. […] A retrospective review of an orthopedic database including more than 30 million patients in the United States between 2007 and 2011 estimated the incidence of PFPS to be 1.75 million patients, or about 6%. Females accounted for 55% of cases. The highest percentage of cases occurred in the South (42%), and the lowest occurred in the Northeast (14%). […] In a prospective study of 1,319 healthy, physically active young adults without a previous PFPS diagnosis, 3% developed PFPS during 2.5 years of follow-up, and women were more likely to develop the condition than men.

• #7 Patellofemoral Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/308471-overview

  PFS is estimated to be the most common cause of anterior knee pain in athletic and nonathletic populations. […] PFS is common in the United States; the incidence is 1.5-7.3%. […] Morbidity associated with PFS is directly proportional to the activity level of the patient. […] No racial predilection has been identified for PFS. […] PFS affects females more frequently than males. […] PFS occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults.

• #8 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #9 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations, with women often presented higher incidence and prevalence. High incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain indicates that it should be an urgent healthcare priority. […] Patellofemoral pain frequently affects physically active populations, such as the military and elite athletes, who usually perform activities that overload the knee joint, such as squatting, running, climbing and descending stairs. A recent systematic review reported that the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender military populations is 13.5%, whereas for military women the prevalence is 15.3% and military men is 12.3%. In women who practice elite sports (including soccer, volleyball, ballet, among others) the point prevalence ranges from 16.7% to 29.3%. Furthermore, in amateur cyclists a point prevalence of 35% was reported. While in elite cyclists, the annual prevalence is 35.7%.

• #10 How common is Patellofemoral Pain? –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/understanding-patellofemoral-pain/common-patellofemoral-pain/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. High incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain indicates that it should be an urgent healthcare priority. […] A recent systematic review reported that the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain within military populations is reported as 13.5%; for the general population of women is 12% to 13%; for amateur cyclists is 35%; and for women who practice elite sports is 16.7% to 29.3%. […] Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition. Incidence in epidemiology is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. […] The difference between prevalence and incidence can be summarised accordingly: prevalence answers How many people have this disease right now? or How many people have had this disease during this time period? and incidence answers How many people per year newly acquire this disease?

• #11 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #12 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #13 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations, with women often presented higher incidence and prevalence. High incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain indicates that it should be an urgent healthcare priority. […] Patellofemoral pain frequently affects physically active populations, such as the military and elite athletes, who usually perform activities that overload the knee joint, such as squatting, running, climbing and descending stairs. A recent systematic review reported that the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender military populations is 13.5%, whereas for military women the prevalence is 15.3% and military men is 12.3%. In women who practice elite sports (including soccer, volleyball, ballet, among others) the point prevalence ranges from 16.7% to 29.3%. Furthermore, in amateur cyclists a point prevalence of 35% was reported. While in elite cyclists, the annual prevalence is 35.7%.

• #14 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #15 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #16 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #17 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #18 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #19 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  The annual prevalence in a mixed-gender general population is 22.7%, while for women only this value reaches 29.2% and for men only, 15.5%. […] The incidence of patellofemoral pain in adolescent athletes varies from 5.1% to 14.9%, while the point prevalence in female adolescent athletes is 22.7%. In the general population, the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender adolescents population is 7.2%, and the annual prevalence is 28.9%.

• #20 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #21 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0115/p88.html

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. […] A retrospective review of an orthopedic database including more than 30 million patients in the United States between 2007 and 2011 estimated the incidence of PFPS to be 1.75 million patients, or about 6%. Females accounted for 55% of cases. The highest percentage of cases occurred in the South (42%), and the lowest occurred in the Northeast (14%). […] In a prospective study of 1,319 healthy, physically active young adults without a previous PFPS diagnosis, 3% developed PFPS during 2.5 years of follow-up, and women were more likely to develop the condition than men.

• #22 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688808/all/Patellofemoral_Pain_Syndrome__PFPS_?q=acetaminophen

  Incidence between 2007 and 2011 in the United States was ~6%. […] 55% of patients were female. […] More cases were identified in the southern portion of the United States, compared to other regions of the country (1). […] In a military population, prevalence of 12% in males and 15% in females (2).

• #23 Patellofemoral Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/

  Patellofemoral syndrome is one of the most common knee conditions seen by clinicians. In active individuals, it may account for 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic, although the true incidence is unknown. PFS affects women more so than men at a ratio of close to 2:1, according to studies. Age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. […] Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain. It is commonly known as runner’s knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome, or idiopathic anterior knee pain. It is a diagnosis of exclusion once another intra-articular and peripatellar pathology has been ruled out. Pain is often located behind or around the patella and aggravated by loading a flexed knee joint. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. Studies have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol.

• #24 Epidemiology of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Identifying Gender Specific Risk Fa – Michelle Boling

  https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R03-AR057489-02

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is one of the most common causes of knee pain, affecting approximately 25% of the physically active population, with females being 2-3 times more likely to develop PFP compared to their male counterparts. […] The overall objective of this proposal is to determine the mechanical (structural and biomechanical) and non-mechanical (demographic and psychosocial) risk factors that are associated with PFP and identify the risk factors specific to females and males. […] A secondary hypothesis is that females and males will have different risk factor profiles. […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is one of the most common chronic knee conditions affecting young adults, with an increased occurrence in females. […] The results from this investigation may be used to identify those at greatest risk to PFP and develop appropriate prevention programs to decrease the occurrence of this condition, particularly in females.

• #25 Epidemiology of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Identifying Gender Specific Risk Fa – Michelle Boling

  https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R03-AR057489-02

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is one of the most common causes of knee pain, affecting approximately 25% of the physically active population, with females being 2-3 times more likely to develop PFP compared to their male counterparts. […] The overall objective of this proposal is to determine the mechanical (structural and biomechanical) and non-mechanical (demographic and psychosocial) risk factors that are associated with PFP and identify the risk factors specific to females and males. […] A secondary hypothesis is that females and males will have different risk factor profiles. […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is one of the most common chronic knee conditions affecting young adults, with an increased occurrence in females. […] The results from this investigation may be used to identify those at greatest risk to PFP and develop appropriate prevention programs to decrease the occurrence of this condition, particularly in females.

• #26 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0115/p88.html

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. […] A retrospective review of an orthopedic database including more than 30 million patients in the United States between 2007 and 2011 estimated the incidence of PFPS to be 1.75 million patients, or about 6%. Females accounted for 55% of cases. The highest percentage of cases occurred in the South (42%), and the lowest occurred in the Northeast (14%). […] In a prospective study of 1,319 healthy, physically active young adults without a previous PFPS diagnosis, 3% developed PFPS during 2.5 years of follow-up, and women were more likely to develop the condition than men.

• #27 PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME ( Runner’s Knee)

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-runners-knee-drbhavik-solanki

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is defined as pain occurring around or behind the patella that is aggravated by at least one activity that loads the patella during weight-bearing on a flexed knee. […] A retrospective review of an orthopedic database including more than 30 million patients in the United States between 2007 and 2011 estimated the incidence of PFPS to be 1.75 million patients, or about 6%. Females accounted for 55% of cases. […] There is some consistency with data showing females are twice as likely to experience PFPS as males.

• #28 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  The annual prevalence in a mixed-gender general population is 22.7%, while for women only this value reaches 29.2% and for men only, 15.5%. […] The incidence of patellofemoral pain in adolescent athletes varies from 5.1% to 14.9%, while the point prevalence in female adolescent athletes is 22.7%. In the general population, the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender adolescents population is 7.2%, and the annual prevalence is 28.9%.

• #29 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations, with women often presented higher incidence and prevalence. High incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain indicates that it should be an urgent healthcare priority. […] Patellofemoral pain frequently affects physically active populations, such as the military and elite athletes, who usually perform activities that overload the knee joint, such as squatting, running, climbing and descending stairs. A recent systematic review reported that the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender military populations is 13.5%, whereas for military women the prevalence is 15.3% and military men is 12.3%. In women who practice elite sports (including soccer, volleyball, ballet, among others) the point prevalence ranges from 16.7% to 29.3%. Furthermore, in amateur cyclists a point prevalence of 35% was reported. While in elite cyclists, the annual prevalence is 35.7%.

• #30 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688808/all/Patellofemoral_Pain_Syndrome__PFPS_?q=acetaminophen

  Incidence between 2007 and 2011 in the United States was ~6%. […] 55% of patients were female. […] More cases were identified in the southern portion of the United States, compared to other regions of the country (1). […] In a military population, prevalence of 12% in males and 15% in females (2).

• #31 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0115/p88.html

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. […] A retrospective review of an orthopedic database including more than 30 million patients in the United States between 2007 and 2011 estimated the incidence of PFPS to be 1.75 million patients, or about 6%. Females accounted for 55% of cases. The highest percentage of cases occurred in the South (42%), and the lowest occurred in the Northeast (14%). […] In a prospective study of 1,319 healthy, physically active young adults without a previous PFPS diagnosis, 3% developed PFPS during 2.5 years of follow-up, and women were more likely to develop the condition than men.

• #32 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #33 Patellofemoral Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/

  Patellofemoral syndrome is one of the most common knee conditions seen by clinicians. In active individuals, it may account for 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic, although the true incidence is unknown. PFS affects women more so than men at a ratio of close to 2:1, according to studies. Age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. […] Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain. It is commonly known as runner’s knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome, or idiopathic anterior knee pain. It is a diagnosis of exclusion once another intra-articular and peripatellar pathology has been ruled out. Pain is often located behind or around the patella and aggravated by loading a flexed knee joint. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. Studies have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol.

• #34 Patellofemoral Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/308471-overview

  PFS is estimated to be the most common cause of anterior knee pain in athletic and nonathletic populations. […] PFS is common in the United States; the incidence is 1.5-7.3%. […] Morbidity associated with PFS is directly proportional to the activity level of the patient. […] No racial predilection has been identified for PFS. […] PFS affects females more frequently than males. […] PFS occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults.

• #35 Patellofemoral Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557657/

  Patellofemoral syndrome is one of the most common knee conditions seen by clinicians. In active individuals, it may account for 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic, although the true incidence is unknown. PFS affects women more so than men at a ratio of close to 2:1, according to studies. Age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. […] Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain. It is commonly known as runner’s knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome, or idiopathic anterior knee pain. It is a diagnosis of exclusion once another intra-articular and peripatellar pathology has been ruled out. Pain is often located behind or around the patella and aggravated by loading a flexed knee joint. It is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. Studies have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol.

• #36 Epidemiology –

  https://patellofemoral.trekeducation.org/epidemiology/

  The annual prevalence in a mixed-gender general population is 22.7%, while for women only this value reaches 29.2% and for men only, 15.5%. […] The incidence of patellofemoral pain in adolescent athletes varies from 5.1% to 14.9%, while the point prevalence in female adolescent athletes is 22.7%. In the general population, the point prevalence of patellofemoral pain in mixed-gender adolescents population is 7.2%, and the annual prevalence is 28.9%.

• #37 Patellofemoral pain syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in the outpatient. Specific populations at high risk of primary PFPS include runners, bicyclists, basketball players, young athletes and females. […] BMI did not significantly increase risk of developing PFPS in adolescents. However, adults with PFPS have higher BMI than those without. It is suggested that higher BMI is associated with limited physical activity in people with PFPS as physical activity levels decrease as a result of pain associated with the condition. However, no longitudinal studies are able to show that BMI can be a predictor of development or progression of the condition.

• #38 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #39 Epidemiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome | Epitact

  https://epitact.co.uk/knee/patellar-syndrome/epidemiology

  Frequency of patellofemoral pain syndrome: How to explain the high incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome? Which persons are concerned by this knee condition? People at risk are numerous due to the high incidence of this condition in the world population. Even if it affects specific subcategories of population, it is a recurrent condition in the field of sport. Patellofemoral syndrome represents 25% to 40% of all knee problems seen in a sports medicine clinic(1)! […] Among the people at risk, women would be nearly two times more affected than men by the patellofemoral syndrome(1). Sedentary people can also be concerned but the active population is more so affected. […] Sportspersons are also people at risk for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Indeed, this diagnosis is the most frequently established among people doing regular physical activity. For example, this condition would concern approximately 25% of all injuries in runners(2).

• #40 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #41 Patellofemoral pain syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in the outpatient. Specific populations at high risk of primary PFPS include runners, bicyclists, basketball players, young athletes and females. […] BMI did not significantly increase risk of developing PFPS in adolescents. However, adults with PFPS have higher BMI than those without. It is suggested that higher BMI is associated with limited physical activity in people with PFPS as physical activity levels decrease as a result of pain associated with the condition. However, no longitudinal studies are able to show that BMI can be a predictor of development or progression of the condition.

• #42 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #43 Patellofemoral pain syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in the outpatient. Specific populations at high risk of primary PFPS include runners, bicyclists, basketball players, young athletes and females. […] BMI did not significantly increase risk of developing PFPS in adolescents. However, adults with PFPS have higher BMI than those without. It is suggested that higher BMI is associated with limited physical activity in people with PFPS as physical activity levels decrease as a result of pain associated with the condition. However, no longitudinal studies are able to show that BMI can be a predictor of development or progression of the condition.

• #44

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-013-2759-6

  The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a possible cause for anterior knee pain, which predominantly affects young female patients without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant chondral damage. […] The incidence of anterior knee pain is high and is located at 22/1,000 persons per year. Women are affected about more than twice as often as men. […] The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common cause for anterior knee pain and mainly affects young women without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant pathological changes in articular cartilage. […] According to some authors, the PFPS will eventually lead to osteoarthritis. […] The pathogenesis of PFPS is multifactorial with various functional disorders of the lower extremity to be involved.

• #45 Patellofemoral pain syndrome: causes and solutions

  https://epitact.co.uk/knee/patellar-syndrome/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-causes

  PFPS or patellofemoral pain syndrome causes intense pain in front of the knee. It is common in people doing sports, especially runners. It corresponds to a conflict between the thigh bone (femur) and the kneecap (patella), which does not slide properly in the groove during knee flexion. This multifactorial and intergenerational disease is one of the main causes of anterior knee pain. […] In the general population, 16 to 25% of runners have patellofemoral pain syndrome. […] One often doesn’t imagine there are so many risk factors and causes for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Although it seems complicated to find the exact cause of PFPS, treating it is quite simple. Note that the diagnosis and treatment of this knee condition are systematically established by a health professional. […] Boling M, Padua D, Marshall S, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome: Epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science in Sports. oct 2010;20(5):72530.

• #46 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #47 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #48 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #49 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #50 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #51 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #52 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #53 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #54 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #55 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #56 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #57 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #58 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #59 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #60 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #61 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #62 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #63 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #64 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #65 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #66 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #67 Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) – International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)

  https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/fact-sheets/patellofemoral-pain-pfp/

  PFP is common and affects around one in 14 adolescents and up to one in five adults in select populations at any given time (4). […] As a result, it is often considered overuse or load related. […] However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to explain the causes of PFP. Currently, the development of PFP is considered multifactorial, and a range of biopsychosocial factors may play a role in the development and persistence of pain (5). […] A recent review found moderate to strong evidence that BMI/ body fat percentage, age and height/weight/limb length were not risk factors for developing PFP (6). […] The review found conflicting evidence about muscle strength as a risk factor.

• #68 Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) – International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)

  https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/fact-sheets/patellofemoral-pain-pfp/

  PFP is common and affects around one in 14 adolescents and up to one in five adults in select populations at any given time (4). […] As a result, it is often considered overuse or load related. […] However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to explain the causes of PFP. Currently, the development of PFP is considered multifactorial, and a range of biopsychosocial factors may play a role in the development and persistence of pain (5). […] A recent review found moderate to strong evidence that BMI/ body fat percentage, age and height/weight/limb length were not risk factors for developing PFP (6). […] The review found conflicting evidence about muscle strength as a risk factor.

• #69 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps-79841091/79841091

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps): Introduction Anatomy of Patellofemoral Complex Epidemiology Aetiological Risk factors Pathogenesis Clinical Features Assessment Differential Diagnosis Management The Patellofemoral Foundation […] An overuse injury, a syndrome Idiopathic AKP, runners knee, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome. Accounts for 20%-40% of patients presenting with AKP 25% of knee injuries in athletes in a sports medicine clinic […] Common in young adults; high socioeconomic importance More common in Militiary recruits and athletes Female : Male :: 2 : 1 […] A study has identified 4 factors that have predictive values for the development of patellofemoral pain, which included: Tightness of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps Delayed reflex of vastus medialis obliquus Hypermobility of patella Decreased power of the quadriceps muscle.

• #70 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps-79841091/79841091

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps): Introduction Anatomy of Patellofemoral Complex Epidemiology Aetiological Risk factors Pathogenesis Clinical Features Assessment Differential Diagnosis Management The Patellofemoral Foundation […] An overuse injury, a syndrome Idiopathic AKP, runners knee, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome. Accounts for 20%-40% of patients presenting with AKP 25% of knee injuries in athletes in a sports medicine clinic […] Common in young adults; high socioeconomic importance More common in Militiary recruits and athletes Female : Male :: 2 : 1 […] A study has identified 4 factors that have predictive values for the development of patellofemoral pain, which included: Tightness of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps Delayed reflex of vastus medialis obliquus Hypermobility of patella Decreased power of the quadriceps muscle.

• #71 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps-79841091/79841091

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps): Introduction Anatomy of Patellofemoral Complex Epidemiology Aetiological Risk factors Pathogenesis Clinical Features Assessment Differential Diagnosis Management The Patellofemoral Foundation […] An overuse injury, a syndrome Idiopathic AKP, runners knee, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome. Accounts for 20%-40% of patients presenting with AKP 25% of knee injuries in athletes in a sports medicine clinic […] Common in young adults; high socioeconomic importance More common in Militiary recruits and athletes Female : Male :: 2 : 1 […] A study has identified 4 factors that have predictive values for the development of patellofemoral pain, which included: Tightness of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps Delayed reflex of vastus medialis obliquus Hypermobility of patella Decreased power of the quadriceps muscle.

• #72 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps-79841091/79841091

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps): Introduction Anatomy of Patellofemoral Complex Epidemiology Aetiological Risk factors Pathogenesis Clinical Features Assessment Differential Diagnosis Management The Patellofemoral Foundation […] An overuse injury, a syndrome Idiopathic AKP, runners knee, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome. Accounts for 20%-40% of patients presenting with AKP 25% of knee injuries in athletes in a sports medicine clinic […] Common in young adults; high socioeconomic importance More common in Militiary recruits and athletes Female : Male :: 2 : 1 […] A study has identified 4 factors that have predictive values for the development of patellofemoral pain, which included: Tightness of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps Delayed reflex of vastus medialis obliquus Hypermobility of patella Decreased power of the quadriceps muscle.

• #73 Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps-79841091/79841091

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps): Introduction Anatomy of Patellofemoral Complex Epidemiology Aetiological Risk factors Pathogenesis Clinical Features Assessment Differential Diagnosis Management The Patellofemoral Foundation […] An overuse injury, a syndrome Idiopathic AKP, runners knee, retropatellar pain syndrome, lateral facet compression syndrome. Accounts for 20%-40% of patients presenting with AKP 25% of knee injuries in athletes in a sports medicine clinic […] Common in young adults; high socioeconomic importance More common in Militiary recruits and athletes Female : Male :: 2 : 1 […] A study has identified 4 factors that have predictive values for the development of patellofemoral pain, which included: Tightness of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps Delayed reflex of vastus medialis obliquus Hypermobility of patella Decreased power of the quadriceps muscle.

• #74 Interaction of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Demographic Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain in Rearfoot Strike Runners: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00671-8

  Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is among the most common injuries in runners. While multiple risk factors for patellofemoral pain have been investigated, the interactions of variables contributing to this condition have not been explored. This study aimed to classify runners with patellofemoral pain using a combination of factors including biomechanical, anthropometric, and demographic factors through a Classification and Regression Tree analysis. […] The classification and regression tree model identified an influence of multiple factors associated with patellofemoral pain in runners. Future studies may clarify whether addressing modifiable biomechanical factors may address this form of injury. […] This study highlights interactions between multiple biomechanical factors associated with patellofemoral pain. Interactions between braking ground reaction force impulse, contact time, vertical average loading rate, and age correctly identified runners with patellofemoral pain and controls.

• #75 Interaction of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Demographic Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain in Rearfoot Strike Runners: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00671-8

  In conclusion, BGRFI, contact time, VALR, and age were the factors which best identified runners with current PFP. The model with these aspects correctly identified 84.2% of runners with PFP, and 78.9% of runners without PFP. The total correct classification was 81.6%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.83 indicating that our results were not due to chance. The profile that best classified participants with PFP was BGRFI higher than 0.012 BW*s, contact time lower than 0.29 s, VALR higher than 66.9 BW/s, and being older than 27.5 years of age.

• #76 Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/125840-understanding-the-patho-anatomy-of-patellofemoral-pain-a-crucial-foundation-for-comprehensive-management

  Patellofemoral pain is the most common reason for consultation among active young adults, with 19.4 million visits annually in the United States and 100,000 in the United Kingdom, generating expenses of nearly 213 billion dollars for therapeutic management and work disability. It usually affects 1 in 4 individuals in the general population and is estimated to have an incidence of 22 per 1,000. The disease is more frequent in women, as its rate is 1.25 to 2.3 above mens. Two-thirds of those women perform regular sports activity, and one-third are not physically active. […] As 70% of patients with the disease are between 16 and 25 years old, universities and sports centers report that 8.5 to 25% of their students seek evaluation for this problem. It accounts for 35% of the chief complaints for orthopedic consultations of cyclists, 46% of runners, 15% of basketball players, and 25% of athletes.

• #77 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  These data may be used to identify possible populations who are at risk, which may help in relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, such as adolescents and people attempting to increase physical activity levels. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #78 Patellofemoral pain (PFP) – The Physio Company

  https://thephysiocompany.co.uk/patellofemoral-pain-pfp/

  Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a condition that is characterised by pain or discomfort that occurs around or beneath the patella (kneecap) (1). PFP most commonly presents in teenage years or in young adulthood but can occur in the population at any age (2). […] Although there is no established association between gender and the prevalence of PFP, females tend to have an increased incidence of PFP compared with males (4,5). PFP is a well-known cause of anterior knee pain, however the aetiology and risk factors associated with PFP are still relativley unknown (6,7). […] There is clear consensus that PFP is multifactorial in nature (1). Scientific research exists to propose relationship between PFP and patellar alignment and mechanics, foot mechanics, and hip strength and mechanics (6). […] PFP can have a negative effect on an individuals quality of life (8). Lankhorst et al (8) found more than half of symptomatic individuals can report a disappointing recovery 5-6 years after symptom onset. These self-reported outcomes are still present even in the absence of radiographic knee OA.

• #79 Patellofemoral Syndrome

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Knee/PtlfmrlSyndrm.htm

  Most common Running Injury […] Incidence: 6% in U.S. […] Females account for 55% of cases […] Patellofemoral Syndrome is associated with painful giving-way […] Course may be prolonged in athletes as long as 6 years.

• #80

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-013-2759-6

  The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a possible cause for anterior knee pain, which predominantly affects young female patients without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant chondral damage. […] The incidence of anterior knee pain is high and is located at 22/1,000 persons per year. Women are affected about more than twice as often as men. […] The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common cause for anterior knee pain and mainly affects young women without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant pathological changes in articular cartilage. […] According to some authors, the PFPS will eventually lead to osteoarthritis. […] The pathogenesis of PFPS is multifactorial with various functional disorders of the lower extremity to be involved.

• #81 Patellofemoral pain in athletes: clinical perspectives | OAJSM

  https://www.dovepress.com/patellofemoral-pain-in-athletes-clinical-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OAJSM

  Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a very common problem in athletes who participate in jumping, cutting and pivoting sports. […] It is reported that almost 25%30% of all injuries seen in a sports medicine clinic and up to 40% of clinical visits for knee problems are attributed to PFP. PFP accounts for 33% and 18% of all knee injuries in female and male athletes, respectively. […] A prevalence rate of between 13% and 26% is reported in females participating in soccer, volleyball, running, fencing and rock climbing. […] Incidence of PFP among adolescent females and young adult women is 210 times more than in their male counterparts. […] Current literature contradicts the hypothesis that PFP has a benign and self-limiting course; in contrast, PFP is a refractory condition which may persist for many years and is a likely contributor to long-term patellofemoral osteoarthritis, especially in cases of adolescent anterior knee pain.

• #82 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Patellofemoral pain is considered one of the most common forms of knee pain, affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. Inconsistencies in reported incidence and prevalence exist and in relation to the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of patellofemoral pain. […] Annual prevalence for patellofemoral pain in the general population was reported as 22.7%, and adolescents as 28.9%. Incidence rates in military recruits ranged from 9.7571.4/1,000 person-years, amateur runners in the general population at 1080.5/1,000 person-years and adolescents amateur athletes 5.1%14.9% over 1 season. One study reported point prevalence within military populations as 13.5%. […] This review demonstrates high incidence and prevalence levels for patellofemoral pain. Within the context of this, and poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #83 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  These data may be used to identify possible populations who are at risk, which may help in relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, such as adolescents and people attempting to increase physical activity levels. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #84 Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/125840-understanding-the-patho-anatomy-of-patellofemoral-pain-a-crucial-foundation-for-comprehensive-management

  Patellofemoral pain is the most common reason for consultation among active young adults, with 19.4 million visits annually in the United States and 100,000 in the United Kingdom, generating expenses of nearly 213 billion dollars for therapeutic management and work disability. It usually affects 1 in 4 individuals in the general population and is estimated to have an incidence of 22 per 1,000. The disease is more frequent in women, as its rate is 1.25 to 2.3 above mens. Two-thirds of those women perform regular sports activity, and one-third are not physically active. […] As 70% of patients with the disease are between 16 and 25 years old, universities and sports centers report that 8.5 to 25% of their students seek evaluation for this problem. It accounts for 35% of the chief complaints for orthopedic consultations of cyclists, 46% of runners, 15% of basketball players, and 25% of athletes.

• #85 Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/125840-understanding-the-patho-anatomy-of-patellofemoral-pain-a-crucial-foundation-for-comprehensive-management

  Patellofemoral pain is the most common reason for consultation among active young adults, with 19.4 million visits annually in the United States and 100,000 in the United Kingdom, generating expenses of nearly 213 billion dollars for therapeutic management and work disability. It usually affects 1 in 4 individuals in the general population and is estimated to have an incidence of 22 per 1,000. The disease is more frequent in women, as its rate is 1.25 to 2.3 above mens. Two-thirds of those women perform regular sports activity, and one-third are not physically active. […] As 70% of patients with the disease are between 16 and 25 years old, universities and sports centers report that 8.5 to 25% of their students seek evaluation for this problem. It accounts for 35% of the chief complaints for orthopedic consultations of cyclists, 46% of runners, 15% of basketball players, and 25% of athletes.

• #86 Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/125840-understanding-the-patho-anatomy-of-patellofemoral-pain-a-crucial-foundation-for-comprehensive-management

  Patellofemoral pain is the most common reason for consultation among active young adults, with 19.4 million visits annually in the United States and 100,000 in the United Kingdom, generating expenses of nearly 213 billion dollars for therapeutic management and work disability. It usually affects 1 in 4 individuals in the general population and is estimated to have an incidence of 22 per 1,000. The disease is more frequent in women, as its rate is 1.25 to 2.3 above mens. Two-thirds of those women perform regular sports activity, and one-third are not physically active. […] As 70% of patients with the disease are between 16 and 25 years old, universities and sports centers report that 8.5 to 25% of their students seek evaluation for this problem. It accounts for 35% of the chief complaints for orthopedic consultations of cyclists, 46% of runners, 15% of basketball players, and 25% of athletes.

• #87 Understanding the patho-anatomy of patellofemoral pain: A crucial foundation for comprehensive management | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/125840-understanding-the-patho-anatomy-of-patellofemoral-pain-a-crucial-foundation-for-comprehensive-management

  Patellofemoral pain is the most common reason for consultation among active young adults, with 19.4 million visits annually in the United States and 100,000 in the United Kingdom, generating expenses of nearly 213 billion dollars for therapeutic management and work disability. It usually affects 1 in 4 individuals in the general population and is estimated to have an incidence of 22 per 1,000. The disease is more frequent in women, as its rate is 1.25 to 2.3 above mens. Two-thirds of those women perform regular sports activity, and one-third are not physically active. […] As 70% of patients with the disease are between 16 and 25 years old, universities and sports centers report that 8.5 to 25% of their students seek evaluation for this problem. It accounts for 35% of the chief complaints for orthopedic consultations of cyclists, 46% of runners, 15% of basketball players, and 25% of athletes.

• #88 Timing of physical therapy for individuals with patellofemoral pain and the influence on healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates: an observational study | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text

  https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06768-8

  Early physical therapy has been shown to decrease downstream healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates in some musculoskeletal conditions, but it has not been investigated in individuals with patellofemoral pain. […] The purpose of the study was to assess how the use and timing of physical therapy influenced downstream healthcare use and costs in individuals seeking care for PFP. A secondary objective was to determine if the timing of physical therapy was associated with recurrences of knee pain. […] For individuals with patellofemoral pain using physical therapy, timing is likely to influence outcomes. Healthcare use and costs and the odds of having a recurrence of knee pain were lower for patients who had physical therapy first or early compared to having delayed physical therapy. […] Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% in the general population, affecting both adolescents and adults.

• #89 Timing of physical therapy for individuals with patellofemoral pain and the influence on healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates: an observational study | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text

  https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06768-8

  There is considerable evidence for decreased long-term healthcare use and costs when physical therapy is received early, but these data are primarily from individuals with spinal pain and it is unknown if the same outcomes would be expected in patients with PFP. […] The odds of having at least one more additional recurrence of knee pain were lower if receiving physical therapy first compared to early or delayed physical therapy. […] Those in the delayed physical therapy group were at higher odds of having a recurrence compared to early physical therapy. […] For patients receiving physical therapy for PFP, timing is important. Approximately 75% received it within 30 days of their initial PFP diagnosis. Healthcare use, costs and odds of recurrence were lower for patients who had physical therapy as their first contact or within 30 days compared to having physical therapy between 31 and 90 days after diagnosis.

• #90 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #91 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Young Adult Women With Low to Moderate Physical Activity Levels – Iranian Rehabilitation Journal

  https://irj.uswr.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=1442&slc_lang=en&sid=1&ftxt=1&html=1

  The prevalence of PFPS reported in the literature is inconsistent due to the different diagnostic procedures and the populations involved. […] The demographic and clinical features, including age, BMI, PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture, were included in the logistic regression analysis to determine the predictors of having PFPS in the general women adult population. The results illustrated that none of these factors was a significant predictor of PFPS in this population. […] Overall, the risk factors of PFPS are quite complex and individualized.

• #92 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #93 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #94 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  Variations in reported incidence and prevalence may be due to differing populations assessed, inconsistencies in the diagnosis and lack of high quality evidence on which to base assessment. PFP is thought to affect the general population, and more specifically adolescents, young active adults, elite athletes, and military recruits; with higher incidence and prevalence rates often cited among females. […] One study demonstrated that females were approximately twice as likely to develop PFP as males during military training, however the same study also demonstrated no statistical difference in point prevalence between males (12.3%) and females (15.3%) prior to the start of the training programme; suggesting that the transition to elite military fitness from the general population is an important factor in PFP.

• #95 The epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders in adulthood: a review of routine general practice morbidity recording | Primary Health Care Research & Development | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/epidemiology-of-patellofemoral-disorders-in-adulthood-a-review-of-routine-general-practice-morbidity-recording/B88D9584016F4CDDE2D87560FEB001A4

  We estimate that one in six adults in the UK consulting general practice for a knee problem will be clinically suspected or diagnosed as having a patellofemoral disorder. […] The overall persons consulting prevalence rate of patellofemoral disorders appears to be fairly consistent across the age and gender strata. […] There is a striking absence of evidence in the literature on the basic epidemiology of most patellofemoral disorders. […] Our findings imply that de novo population studies are needed to describe the occurrence of patellofemoral disorders in the general population. […] Routine general practice morbidity recording has clear limitations in its ability to describe the epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders.

• #96 Patellofemoral Pain: Current Concepts

  https://www.jscimedcentral.com/jounal-article-info/Annals-of-Sports-Medicine-and-Research/Patellofemoral-Pain%3A-Current-Concepts-4990

  Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is common, especially in women who are physically active. […] Establishing the accurate incidence of PFP in the general population remains a challenging issue. Callaghan et al. performed a review of studies on PFP from 2000 to 2005 and found that only 40/136 papers cited an incidence or prevalence rate. Of these, the most frequently cited studies were performed in the 1980s and 1990s and were based on military populations and patients presenting to sports medicine clinics. […] More recently, Glaviano et al. found that using the two ICD-9 codes commonly used to diagnose PFP (717.7-Patella Chondromalacia and 719.46-Pain in joint, lower leg), PFP represented 7.3% of all diagnoses in orthopedic clinics from 2007-2011. There were higher incidence rates in females and increasing incidence with age, with peak incidence rates in the 50-59 age group. […] Given the lack of a stand-alone ICD-10 code for PFP, there will be continued difficulty in establishing the true incidence in the general population.

• #97 The epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders in adulthood: a review of routine general practice morbidity recording | Primary Health Care Research & Development | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/epidemiology-of-patellofemoral-disorders-in-adulthood-a-review-of-routine-general-practice-morbidity-recording/B88D9584016F4CDDE2D87560FEB001A4

  We estimate that one in six adults in the UK consulting general practice for a knee problem will be clinically suspected or diagnosed as having a patellofemoral disorder. […] The overall persons consulting prevalence rate of patellofemoral disorders appears to be fairly consistent across the age and gender strata. […] There is a striking absence of evidence in the literature on the basic epidemiology of most patellofemoral disorders. […] Our findings imply that de novo population studies are needed to describe the occurrence of patellofemoral disorders in the general population. […] Routine general practice morbidity recording has clear limitations in its ability to describe the epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders.

• #98 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #99 The epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders in adulthood: a review of routine general practice morbidity recording | Primary Health Care Research & Development | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/epidemiology-of-patellofemoral-disorders-in-adulthood-a-review-of-routine-general-practice-morbidity-recording/B88D9584016F4CDDE2D87560FEB001A4

  We estimate that one in six adults in the UK consulting general practice for a knee problem will be clinically suspected or diagnosed as having a patellofemoral disorder. […] The overall persons consulting prevalence rate of patellofemoral disorders appears to be fairly consistent across the age and gender strata. […] There is a striking absence of evidence in the literature on the basic epidemiology of most patellofemoral disorders. […] Our findings imply that de novo population studies are needed to describe the occurrence of patellofemoral disorders in the general population. […] Routine general practice morbidity recording has clear limitations in its ability to describe the epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders.

• #100 The epidemiology of patellofemoral pain in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4zoBeaPl/

  The epidemiology of patellofemoral pain in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome is an overuse injury that causes pain in the front of knee and it’s more common in females. Heavy workload and consistent stress on knee especially in labour work is also affecting male population with this syndrome. It can affect quality of life by limiting functions and it has long term effects. […] Results showed that there is association between Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score symptoms and patellar grind test (p>0.0001) while there is no association between knee outcome score pain sign and pendulum test (p=.482). 259 participants reported 71% overall prevalence of patellofemoral pain. Conclusions: It is concluded that male sanitary workers had high prevalence levels of Patellofemoral pain. […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a disorder that commonly affects young adults and athletes and causes disability in physical function and quality of life. […] The findings of the study indicate that strengthening exercises are more effective than neuromuscular training and conventional therapy for treating PFPS. […] Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJ-OA), being a subset of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), is evident in adults, and its prevalence is greater in women in Saudi Arabia too. […] This study assessed the beliefs and knowledge of physical therapists in Saudi Arabia regarding the management of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and their alignment with current Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). […] Over 70% of respondents, irrespective of guideline familiarity, held beliefs about risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment that were inconsistent with CPGs. […] Enhancing education and dissemination efforts regarding CPGs is essential to improve adherence to evidence-based practices among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia.

• #101 The epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders in adulthood: a review of routine general practice morbidity recording | Primary Health Care Research & Development | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/primary-health-care-research-and-development/article/epidemiology-of-patellofemoral-disorders-in-adulthood-a-review-of-routine-general-practice-morbidity-recording/B88D9584016F4CDDE2D87560FEB001A4

  We estimate that one in six adults in the UK consulting general practice for a knee problem will be clinically suspected or diagnosed as having a patellofemoral disorder. […] The overall persons consulting prevalence rate of patellofemoral disorders appears to be fairly consistent across the age and gender strata. […] There is a striking absence of evidence in the literature on the basic epidemiology of most patellofemoral disorders. […] Our findings imply that de novo population studies are needed to describe the occurrence of patellofemoral disorders in the general population. […] Routine general practice morbidity recording has clear limitations in its ability to describe the epidemiology of patellofemoral disorders.

• #102 Interaction of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Demographic Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain in Rearfoot Strike Runners: A Classification and Regression Tree Approach | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00671-8

  Prior studies have explored risk factors for PFP; however, the association of different biomechanical, anthropometric, and demographic factors has not been consistent. These studies have been limited to addressing the bivariate associations between risk factors and PFP. The assumption of non-linearity must be considered in sports injuries. It may be helpful to search for the interactions between risk factors to guide understanding of this condition. […] To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the interactions between ground reaction forces, spatiotemporal, anthropometric, and demographic data through CART to characterize factors associated with PFP in runners. The model may have clinical implications when considering what biomechanical factors to include when evaluating the biomechanics of a runner with PFP.

• #103

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-013-2759-6

  The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a possible cause for anterior knee pain, which predominantly affects young female patients without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant chondral damage. […] The incidence of anterior knee pain is high and is located at 22/1,000 persons per year. Women are affected about more than twice as often as men. […] The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common cause for anterior knee pain and mainly affects young women without any structural changes such as increased Q-angle or significant pathological changes in articular cartilage. […] According to some authors, the PFPS will eventually lead to osteoarthritis. […] The pathogenesis of PFPS is multifactorial with various functional disorders of the lower extremity to be involved.

• #104 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  These data may be used to identify possible populations who are at risk, which may help in relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, such as adolescents and people attempting to increase physical activity levels. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #105 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #106 Patellofemoral Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/patellofemoral-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% of adults and 29% of adolescents in the general population. The reported incidence in the clinical setting ranges from 21 to 40%, affecting females twice as often as males. It constitutes nearly 25% of all knee injuries in runners. Risk factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic as well as those factors that are modifiable and those that are not. Modifiable intrinsic factors include weak muscles (hip abductors, external rotators, and vastus medialis); inflexibility of the iliotibial band, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastroc-soleus tendons; foot overpronation; and increased joint reactive forces with heel strike. Non-modifiable factors include patella alta, femoral anteversion, pes planus, age, gender and race. Extrinsic factors include training errors or overtraining, such as an overly rapid increase in training progression or intensity, inappropriate running shoes, uphill training, hard playing surfaces, insufficient time for recovery after exercise, kinesiophobia, poor quality of sleep, and increased psychological stress. Preventive strategies include identification and correction of modifiable risk factors. […] The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology is high across a heterogeneous population.

• #107 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a broad term used to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the patella, or kneecap. It is sometimes called „runner’s knee” or „jumper’s knee” because it is common in people who participate in sports especially females and young adults but PFPS can occur in nonathletes, as well. […] Many things may contribute to the development of PFPS. Problems with the alignment of the kneecap and overuse from vigorous athletics or training are often significant factors. […] In many cases, PFPS is caused by vigorous physical activities that put repeated stress on the knee such as jogging, squatting, and climbing stairs. […] Other factors that may contribute to patellofemoral pain include: Use of improper sports training techniques or equipment. […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome can also be caused by abnormal tracking of the kneecap in the trochlear groove.

• #108 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17914-patellofemoral-pain-syndrome-pfps

  PFPS is very common. Experts estimate that around one-third of people who visit healthcare providers with knee pain have PFPS. […] Anyone can develop PFPS, especially if you’ve recently changed your activity level. Some groups of people are more likely to experience it, including: Athletes or physically active people who run, jump or squat a lot. […] PFPS usually gets worse over time if it’s not diagnosed and treated. On top of increasing pain, untreated PFPS may increase your risk of injuries. […] You might be able to prevent PFPS, depending on what your provider thinks might have caused it. For example, you can slowly ramp up your activity level especially if you’re starting a new sport or workout regimen.

• #109

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40141-023-00385-8

  Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) is a common condition seen in people with anterior knee pain. […] The condition has been shown to affect young, physically active individuals compared to other groups. […] There is also a higher prevalence in women compared to men. […] This article describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of PFS. […] The literature supports an exercise program specifically focusing on the hip and knee as the mainstay of treatment for PFS. […] Combining exercise with other treatment modalities including taping and bracing and use of foot orthoses has also been shown to be of benefit in improving pain especially in the short term. […] The authors found that patients under the age of 50 years with PFS had worse quality of life scores compared with pain-free controls. […] This is a consensus statement written by an international group of experts on PFS in 2018 and gives key recommendations based on expert panel voting after they undertook an extensive literature review.

• #110 Patellofemoral pain in athletes: clinical perspectives | OAJSM

  https://www.dovepress.com/patellofemoral-pain-in-athletes-clinical-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OAJSM

  Despite the high prevalence, chronicity and burden, PFP continues to be one of the most difficult musculoskeletal conditions managed by medical professionals. […] It is evident that greater pain severity and longer symptom duration are indicators of poor prognosis. […] Many possible interventions are recommended by sports medicine practitioners for athletes with PFP; however, no well-established guidelines exist for management of the symptoms. […] Due to the multifactorial nature of PFP, the clinical approach should be individualized, and the contribution of different risk factors, including local, proximal (trunk and hip) and distal (foot) factors, should be considered and managed accordingly. […] According to the recent literature on PFPS and its specific treatment recommendations, multimodal approach is highly recommended to reduce pain in athletes with PFP in the short and medium terms.

• #111 Timing of physical therapy for individuals with patellofemoral pain and the influence on healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates: an observational study | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text

  https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06768-8

  Early physical therapy has been shown to decrease downstream healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates in some musculoskeletal conditions, but it has not been investigated in individuals with patellofemoral pain. […] The purpose of the study was to assess how the use and timing of physical therapy influenced downstream healthcare use and costs in individuals seeking care for PFP. A secondary objective was to determine if the timing of physical therapy was associated with recurrences of knee pain. […] For individuals with patellofemoral pain using physical therapy, timing is likely to influence outcomes. Healthcare use and costs and the odds of having a recurrence of knee pain were lower for patients who had physical therapy first or early compared to having delayed physical therapy. […] Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has an annual prevalence of approximately 23% in the general population, affecting both adolescents and adults.

• #112 Timing of physical therapy for individuals with patellofemoral pain and the influence on healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates: an observational study | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text

  https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06768-8

  There is considerable evidence for decreased long-term healthcare use and costs when physical therapy is received early, but these data are primarily from individuals with spinal pain and it is unknown if the same outcomes would be expected in patients with PFP. […] The odds of having at least one more additional recurrence of knee pain were lower if receiving physical therapy first compared to early or delayed physical therapy. […] Those in the delayed physical therapy group were at higher odds of having a recurrence compared to early physical therapy. […] For patients receiving physical therapy for PFP, timing is important. Approximately 75% received it within 30 days of their initial PFP diagnosis. Healthcare use, costs and odds of recurrence were lower for patients who had physical therapy as their first contact or within 30 days compared to having physical therapy between 31 and 90 days after diagnosis.

• #113 The epidemiology of patellofemoral pain in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4zoBeaPl/

  The epidemiology of patellofemoral pain in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome is an overuse injury that causes pain in the front of knee and it’s more common in females. Heavy workload and consistent stress on knee especially in labour work is also affecting male population with this syndrome. It can affect quality of life by limiting functions and it has long term effects. […] Results showed that there is association between Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score symptoms and patellar grind test (p>0.0001) while there is no association between knee outcome score pain sign and pendulum test (p=.482). 259 participants reported 71% overall prevalence of patellofemoral pain. Conclusions: It is concluded that male sanitary workers had high prevalence levels of Patellofemoral pain. […] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a disorder that commonly affects young adults and athletes and causes disability in physical function and quality of life. […] The findings of the study indicate that strengthening exercises are more effective than neuromuscular training and conventional therapy for treating PFPS. […] Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJ-OA), being a subset of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), is evident in adults, and its prevalence is greater in women in Saudi Arabia too. […] This study assessed the beliefs and knowledge of physical therapists in Saudi Arabia regarding the management of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and their alignment with current Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). […] Over 70% of respondents, irrespective of guideline familiarity, held beliefs about risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment that were inconsistent with CPGs. […] Enhancing education and dissemination efforts regarding CPGs is essential to improve adherence to evidence-based practices among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia.

• #114 A Model of Applied Physiotherapy in Patellofemoral Pain

  https://www.iomcworld.org/open-access/a-model-of-applied-physiotherapy-in-patellofemoral-pain-47146.html

  The synthesis of the findings highlighted that PFP in applied physiotherapy practice context represented a wicked problem. […] The study findings suggest the utility of adopting PARIHS as a framework for addressing the deficits within current PFP practice in an applied context such as physiotherapy practice, particularly addressing the bridging of evidence implementation into practice settings on a local level.

• #115 Timing of physical therapy for individuals with patellofemoral pain and the influence on healthcare use, costs and recurrence rates: an observational study | BMC Health Services Research | Full Text

  https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06768-8

  There is considerable evidence for decreased long-term healthcare use and costs when physical therapy is received early, but these data are primarily from individuals with spinal pain and it is unknown if the same outcomes would be expected in patients with PFP. […] The odds of having at least one more additional recurrence of knee pain were lower if receiving physical therapy first compared to early or delayed physical therapy. […] Those in the delayed physical therapy group were at higher odds of having a recurrence compared to early physical therapy. […] For patients receiving physical therapy for PFP, timing is important. Approximately 75% received it within 30 days of their initial PFP diagnosis. Healthcare use, costs and odds of recurrence were lower for patients who had physical therapy as their first contact or within 30 days compared to having physical therapy between 31 and 90 days after diagnosis.

• #116 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190892

  To date, no systematic reviews have been published on the incidence and prevalence for PFP; with publications often employing an indirect course of secondary and even tertiary referencing when citing incidence or prevalence data for PFP. In relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, there is a clear need to accurately understand the epidemiology of this problem. […] The results of this systematic review confirm that PFP is a common pathology among adolescents, the general population, and those with high levels of activity, such as elite athletes and military populations. Point prevalence within military populations is reported as 13.5%; female general populations 12% to 13%; multi-day amateur cyclists 35%; and female elite sports 16.7% to 29.3%. It was calculated through meta-analysis to be 7.2% in mixed sex adolescents, and 22.7% in female amateur athletes. Annual prevalence in the general population is reported as 22.7%; in professional cyclists it is reported as 35.7%; and in general adolescent population it is reported as 28.9%. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

• #117 Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5764329/

  These data may be used to identify possible populations who are at risk, which may help in relation to clinical decision-making, and the allocation of healthcare and research funding, such as adolescents and people attempting to increase physical activity levels. […] In the context of high incidence and prevalence numbers, poor long term prognosis and high disability levels, PFP should be an urgent research priority.

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