Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginismus: Dyspareunia, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15723-vaginismus

  Vaginismus is an involuntary tensing of the vagina. […] Vaginismus is the involuntary tensing or contracting of muscles around the vagina. […] These unintentional muscle spasms occur when something a penis, finger, tampon or medical instrument attempts to penetrate the vagina. […] Vaginismus symptoms may appear during the late teen years or early adulthood when a person has sex for the first time. […] You should see a doctor if you have painful sex or pain while inserting a tampon. These feelings arent normal. […] Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and your medical and sexual history. A pelvic exam can help rule out other problems or confirm the presence of muscle spasms. […] Vaginismus treatments focus on reducing the reflex of your muscles that causes them to tense up. Treatments also address anxieties or fears that contribute to vaginismus.

• #2 Vaginismus: Managing a Misunderstood and Underdiagnosed Condition

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/vaginismus-managing-a-misunderstood-and-underdiagnosed-condition

  Vaginismus: Managing a Misunderstood and Underdiagnosed Condition […] Tune into this valuable discussion with host Scott Kober and experts Rachel Pope, MD, MPH, and Sheryl Kingsberg, PhD, as they highlight the overall impact of vaginismus and discuss strategies to combat its effects on women who are diagnosed the condition. […] Dr. Kingsberg. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association got rid of the term vaginismus in its latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Choosing instead to lump it into a category that they call Genital Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder or GPPPD. Despite this, many providers continue to use the term vaginismus to describe the specific phenomenon of a spasm that typically causes pain upon attempted vaginal penetration. […] Dr. Pope, why does vaginismus remain an unrecognized and underdiagnosed condition? What can be done to encourage OB-GYNs to ask more questions of their patients about their sexual activity that might properly uncover the condition more frequently?

• #3 Vaginismus: Types, causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175261

  Vaginismus is a condition involving a muscle spasm in the pelvic floor muscles. It can make intercourse painful. […] Healthcare professionals do not often use the term vaginismus on its own. Instead, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) classifies the condition under genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD). […] To diagnose vaginismus, a doctor will take a medical history and carry out a pelvic examination. The doctor may need to rule out possible underlying causes, such as an infection, before focusing on treating the vaginismus. […] According to the DSM-5s criteria for diagnosing GPPPD (including vaginismus), to receive a diagnosis, a person needs to have one or more of the following symptoms for at least 6 months and experience significant distress: vaginal difficulties during sexual intercourse, vaginal or pelvic pain during penetrative sexual intercourse or attempts at penetration, tightening or tensing of the pelvic floor muscles during penetrative sexual intercourse or attempts at penetration, feelings of fear or anxiety about experiencing vulvovaginal or pelvic pain from vaginal penetration.

• #4 Vaginismus

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Gyn/Vagina/Vgnsms.htm

  Vaginismus diagnosis (and Dyspareunia diagnosis) per DSM 5: Pelvic Pain, anxiety or vaginal penetration problems for at least 6 months. […] Primary Vaginismus is diagnosed in those who have never had painless vaginal penetration. […] Secondary Vaginismus is diagnosed with prior painless vaginal penetration.

• #5

  https://www.thepelvichub.com/blogs/ask-the-experts/how-do-i-know-if-i-have-vaginismus-signs-symptoms-to-look-for?srsltid=AfmBOooho04Rfy5TOsyGaAmQzoCekbKbmmX8RlH6GK6PcZ_HXQ1jiYvz

  Women suffering from secondary vaginismus, on the other hand, have typically experienced pain-free penetration and enjoyable sex in the past. […] Although dyspareunia and vaginismus are often connected and both are considered genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorders, they are different. […] Vaginismus should not be an embarrassing topic to speak about with your doctor, nor should anyone make the choice to live with vaginismus forever. […] Most women suffering from secondary vaginismus are advised to begin vaginismus treatment at home with with dilation therapy. […] For those suffering from primary vaginismus, dilation therapy is typically recommended in conjunction with a therapist to unravel any underlying psychological factors that could be contributing to their vaginismus diagnosis. […] Discomfort, difficulty, or pain during penetration are the primary symptoms associated with vaginismus, however, pain during sex is also a significant indicator.

• #6 Vaginismus

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaginismus/

  Vaginismus is when the vagina suddenly tightens up when you try to insert something into it. It can be painful and upsetting, but it can be treated. […] The main symptom of vaginismus is your vaginal muscles tightening up on their own when you try to put something in your vagina. This can cause a burning or stinging pain. […] Vaginismus is an automatic reaction, which you do not have control over. […] Occasionally, you can get vaginismus even if you have previously enjoyed painless penetrative sex. […] If your doctor thinks you have vaginismus, you may be referred to a specialist, such as a sex therapist. […] Treatment for vaginismus usually focuses on managing your feelings around vaginal penetration and exercises to gradually get you used to vaginal penetration. […] The reasons for vaginismus are not always clear. Some things thought to cause it include anxiety or fears about having sex, a painful sexual experience, sexual assault or abuse, an unpleasant medical examination or difficult experience giving birth, believing sex is shameful or wrong, and a painful medical condition, like thrush.

• #7 Vaginismus: Diagnostic Challenges and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10767778/

  Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a widespread condition that is least addressed in clinical practice worldwide. Vaginismus is a relatively rare FSD with a low prevalence in society but a higher reported clinical prevalence rate of 5-7%. Vaginismus was defined by DSM IV-TR as a recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina, which interferes with coitus and causes distress and interpersonal difficulty. According to the definition, involuntary spasm of the vaginal musculature is an important requirement for the diagnosis of vaginismus. In one study, only 28% of the vaginismus group had vaginal muscle spasms, and only 24% had spasms during attempted sexual intercourse. However, other studies have failed to show increased muscle spasms in people with vaginismus, adding to the diagnostic confusion. Excessive dread of pain during penetration is a common symptom reported by people with vaginismus. Vaginismus is a phobic disorder characterized by significant emotional distress, fear, or anxiety with vaginal penetration, which helps to differentiate between the two. Before diagnosing vaginismus, always rule out secondary causes in women who had difficulty penetrating despite their expressed wish to do so. Differentiating between people who claim to have difficulties allowing vaginal penetration and true vaginismus is challenging and requires multiple sessions of detailed history collection and clinical evaluation. We propose criteria for diagnosing vaginismus based on our clinical experience and review of relevant literature. The most common clinical manifestation of vaginismus is difficulty with vaginal penetration, which is typically associated with fear or emotional distress. According to the proposed diagnostic criteria, the presence of one of the objective clinical or laboratory (EMG) criteria is essential for diagnosing vaginismus. The frequency-duration criteria include the persistence of symptoms for more than 50% of the time for a period of 6 months or longer. According to the newly proposed criteria, those who meet the subjective, objective, and frequency-duration criteria and the exclusion criteria are classified as having vaginismus. We expect that the proposed diagnostic criteria would be useful for practicing clinicians worldwide in confidently diagnosing vaginismus and providing appropriate care to those in need. To summarize, vaginismus, a common female sexual disorder, is challenging to diagnose, and the proposed criteria are likely to help practicing clinicians worldwide overcome these challenges.

• #8 Vaginismus (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/vaginismus

  Vaginismus is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a 'genitopelvic pain disorder and/or penetration disorder’ (GPPPD), which attempts to bring together the concepts and full spectrum of painful vaginal penetration. […] The prevalence of vaginismus in the general population is 1-6%, and this ratio rises to between 5% and 17% in specialist sexual dysfunction settings. […] Vaginismus may be primary in nature, or secondary. If primary, the woman has never been able to have penetrative intercourse without pain, or never been able to achieve penetrative intercourse. […] The clinician should take a careful gynaecological, obstetric, sexual and urological history to determine if there is any obvious likely cause. […] Treatment usually consists of education, counselling and behavioural exercises.

• #9 Vaginismus (306.51) | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-abnormalpsych/chapter/vaginismus-306-51/

  A study in 1993 by Rosen and colleagues estimate that the rates of vaginismus range from 5% to 17%. […] 2 out of 1000 women have this. […] Non-physical causes are fears, anxiety, stress, traumatic event, childhood experiences, and partner issues. […] Most common causes are fears and anxiety about intercourse and pain. […] It is very treatable and most cases do not require medications. […] Vaginismus is generally treated with behavioral exercises in which plastic vaginal dilators of increasing size are inserted to help relax the vaginal musculature. […] Psychological treatment may also be necessary if the woman has a history of sexual trauma. […] According to the behavioral view, treatment of vaginismus involves a reconditioning of the bodies response to feared objects such as the penis, a speculum, or a tampon.

• #10 Vaginismus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginismus

  Vaginismus is a condition in which involuntary muscle spasm interferes with vaginal intercourse or other penetration of the vagina. This often results in pain with attempts at sex. Often it begins when vaginal intercourse is first attempted. The formal diagnostic criteria specifically require interference during vaginal intercourse and a desire for intercourse, but the term vaginismus is sometimes used more broadly to refer to any muscle spasm occurring during the insertion of objects into the vagina, sexually motivated or otherwise, including speculums and tampons. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and examination. It requires there to be no anatomical or physical problems (e.g., pelvic floor dysfunction, vulvodynia, vestibulodynia, etc.) and a desire for penetration. The diagnosis of vaginismus, as well as other diagnoses of female sexual dysfunction, can be made when „symptoms are sufficient to result in personal distress.” The DSM-IV-TR defines vaginismus as „recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse, causing marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.” […] A 2023 integrative review found that studies on vaginismus show it often takes years to receive a diagnosis.

• #11 Fast Facts: What You Need to Know About Vaginismus – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/your-health/your-body/what-you-need-know-vaginismus

  Do you ever feel like you’re „hitting a wall” when you try to insert something into your vagina? If so, you’re not put together wrong. You may just have vaginismus, a condition that causes the vaginal muscles to automatically tighten in anticipation of vaginal penetration. Vaginismus can be frustrating, distressing and painful, but there are many treatment options to help you regain control, comfort and even pleasure. […] Vaginismus is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the American Psychological Association’s manual of official psychiatric diagnoses, because of the psychological aspects of the condition. In fact, the DSM recently incorporated vaginismus into a larger condition called genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD). To qualify for a GPPPD diagnosis, you must experience at least one of the following symptoms for a minimum of six months:

• #12 Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (Vaginismus) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816419/all/Genito_Pelvic_Pain_Penetration_Disorder__Vaginismus_

  The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. […] Specify if with a general medical condition (e.g., lichen sclerosus, endometriosis). […] Vaginismus may be an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. […] The incidence of vaginismus is thought to be about 117% per year worldwide. […] Most often multifactorial in both primary and secondary vaginismus. […] Although the exact role in the condition is unclear, many women report a history of abuse or sexual trauma. […] Often associated with other sexual dysfunctions.

• #13 Vaginismus: Diagnostic Challenges and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria – Balkan Medical Journal

  https://balkanmedicaljournal.org/text.php?lang=en&id=2569

  Vaginismus: Diagnostic Challenges and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria […] Vaginismus was defined by DSM IV-TR as a recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina, which interferes with coitus and causes distress and interpersonal difficulty. […] According to the definition, involuntary spasm of the vaginal musculature is an important requirement for the diagnosis of vaginismus. […] However, other studies have failed to show increased muscle spasms in people with vaginismus, adding to the diagnostic confusion. […] Excessive dread of pain during penetration is a common symptom reported by people with vaginismus. […] However, vaginismus is a phobic disorder characterized by significant emotional distress, fear, or anxiety with vaginal penetration, which helps to differentiate between the two.

• #14 Vaginismus: Diagnostic Challenges and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria – Balkan Medical Journal

  https://balkanmedicaljournal.org/text.php?lang=en&id=2569

  Before diagnosing vaginismus, always rule out secondary causes in women who had difficulty penetrating despite their expressed wish to do so. […] Differentiating between people who claim to have difficulties allowing vaginal penetration and true vaginismus is challenging and requires multiple sessions of detailed history collection and clinical evaluation. […] We propose criteria for diagnosing vaginismus based on our clinical experience and review of relevant literature. […] The most common clinical manifestation of vaginismus is difficulty with vaginal penetration, which is typically associated with fear or emotional distress. […] According to the proposed diagnostic criteria, the presence of one of the objective clinical or laboratory (EMG) criteria is essential for diagnosing vaginismus.

• #15 Vaginismus Diagnosis

  https://hopeandher.com/pages/vaginismus-diagnosis

  Women often suspect they have vaginismus from their symptoms and ideally will confirm the diagnosis with a physician. […] There is no direct test for vaginismus. One of the most important aspects of diagnosis is the thorough elimination of other possible physical or medical conditions that may be causing painful intercourse. […] Physicians are sometimes uninformed about the condition and it can be challenging to obtain an accurate diagnosis. […] As the process of elimination is a critical part of vaginismus diagnosis, the appointment will typically entail giving a medical and sexual history and undergoing a pelvic/gynecological exam. […] The physician will discuss the location and occurrence of pain to help render an accurate diagnosis or may request some other tests to help rule out any other problems besides vaginismus.

• #16 Vaginismus Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/vaginismus-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  One reason for this is because there’s no definitive medical test for it. […] Its also what we call a 'diagnosis of exclusion,’ meaning all other causes of pain with sex must be ruled out before a diagnosis of vaginismus can be applied. […] Many women who suffer from vaginismus are not diagnosed for a very long time, which causes serious emotional distress. […] If you think you may be suffering from vaginismus, look around for a gynecologist or sexual health doctor who specializes in treating the condition. […] Doctors typically approach treatment from two directions: both psychological and physical. […] Cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy that ultimately disassociates penetration and fear—a process called systematic desensitization—can be effective in many cases. […] The physical symptoms of vaginismus are typically treated using dilators, basically medical dildos, that help the vagina stretch. […] It takes a lot of time and effort, and you really have to commit, but experts say when you do it can be extremely effective. […] There’s no quick fix, and it takes time.

• #17 Vaginismus: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/vaginismus-causes-symptoms-treatments

  Vaginismus Diagnosis Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and your medical and sexual history. […] Theyll do a pelvic exam to look for other health conditions that could cause pain. You might need some treatment before you can tolerate the exam. Your doctor will move as slowly and gently as possible, and theyll explain everything theyre doing.

• #18 Vaginismus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginismus

  Vaginismus is a type of sexual dysfunction. It occurs when the vaginal muscles involuntarily or persistently contract. While it doesnt interfere with sexual arousal, it can cause pain during sexual intercourse, making penetration difficult. […] A gentle pelvic exam typically shows no cause of the contractions. No physical abnormalities contribute to the condition. […] To make a diagnosis, your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical and sexual history. These histories can help give clues to the underlying cause of the contractions. […] In general, diagnosis and treatment of vaginismus require a pelvic exam. […] In vaginismus, theres no physical reason for the vaginal muscles to contract. That means, if you have vaginismus, your doctor wont find another cause for your symptoms. […] Diagnosis of vaginismus usually begins with describing your symptoms. Your doctor will likely ask: when you first noticed a problem, how often it occurs, what seems to trigger it.

• #19 Diagnosis – Primary Care Notebook

  https://primarycarenotebook.com/pages/gynaecology/vaginismus/diagnosis

  Differentiating superficial dyspareunia and vaginismus from clinical presentation is a challenging task. A carefully constructed medical and psycho-sexual history is necessary to make a diagnosis of vaginismus. […] Genital examination may be necessary to exclude organic pathology (1).

• #20 Diagnosis – GPnotebook

  https://gpnotebook.com/pages/gynaecology/vaginismus/diagnosis

  Differentiating superficial dyspareunia and vaginismus from clinical presentation is a challenging task. […] A carefully constructed medical and psycho-sexual history is necessary to make a diagnosis of vaginismus. […] Genital examination may be necessary to exclude organic pathology (1).

• #21 Patient Questionnaire for Vaginismus Diagnosis | Dr. Pacik

  https://www.vaginismusmd.com/vaginismus/patient-questionnaire/

  Perhaps the most important resource used in the evaluation of the vaginismus patient is the detailed Vaginismus patient questionnaire. […] The diagnosis of vaginismus is more often accomplished by a good history than by physical examination. […] The forms open painful wounds and create too much fear and anxiety to even consider taking the first steps needed. […] From just the history, I can usually make a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Any attempted physical exam of the pelvis is usually impossible in these patients and this is why I rely heavily on a detailed history.

• #22 Vaginismus Diagnosis

  https://hopeandher.com/pages/vaginismus-diagnosis

  Note: Some women will not be able to complete the pelvic exam due to involuntary vaginal tightness. This is a common symptom of vaginismus and will be taken into account by the doctor during the diagnostic process. […] When vaginismus is suspected, doctors will often begin the internal exam by inserting one or two lubricated fingers into the vaginal opening to see if there is any resistance and to check for any tenderness or abnormalities along the vaginal walls. […] Physicians encountering a tight opening may suggest surgery instead of recognizing the presence of vaginismus. […] Surgery is not necessary nor helpful in treating vaginismus. […] Seek a second opinion if any surgery to widen the vaginal opening has been recommended.

• #23 Vaginismus Diagnosis & Treatment | Painful Sex Experts | NY/NJ/CT/PA

  https://www.mazewomenshealth.com/painful-sex-vaginal-pain/vaginismus/

  Vaginismus diagnosis is made based on a patients history, symptoms and physical exam findings. Commonly reported history and symptoms by patients with vaginismus include: […] The physical exam to diagnosis vaginismus begins with a pelvic exam to review the patients genital anatomy using a mirror. […] Next, a Q-tip test is then performed to see if there is pain in the area of the vestibule to help rule out vestibulodynia. […] After the Q-tip test, an examination of the internal vaginal muscles is attempted. The practitioner will insert one or two fingers into the vagina to palpate the internal vaginal muscles to feel for tension. It is through this exam the practitioner can classify the severity of vaginismus using the Lamont Scale. […] For some women, a pelvic exam, or examination of the vaginal muscles is just not possible, and thats ok. We can often diagnose and begin treatment, even if the examination is not completed. […] Vaginismus can be confused with vulvodynia or vestibulodynia. The fear and anxiety component of vaginismus can cause women to confuse the penetration fear with pain. Careful history and physical exam is important in distinguishing vaginismus from vulvodynia and vestibulodynia.

• #24 Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of Dyspareunia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0415/p1535.html

  Dyspareunia is genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. […] The differential diagnoses include vaginismus, inadequate lubrication, atrophy and vulvodynia (vulvar vestibulitis). […] The involuntary spasm of vaginismus may be noted with insertion of an examining finger or speculum. […] Vaginismus is involuntary spasms of the introital (bulbocavernosus) muscles. […] Previous theories centered on psychologic etiologies, but recent discussions point to a conditioned response of the vaginal musculature. […] Insertions of a finger, penis or tampon are common triggers of the spasm. […] The diagnosis remains one of exclusion because underlying conditions such as diabetes or regional enteritis may produce similar symptoms. […] Although the DSM-IV distinguishes between dyspareunia and vaginismus, when a patient presents with complaints of painful sex, she may be describing either condition or a combination of both.

• #25 Vaginismus: Diagnostic Challenges and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria – Balkan Medical Journal

  https://balkanmedicaljournal.org/text.php?lang=en&id=2569

  In severe cases of vaginismus the patient elevates her buttocks and closes her thighs to prevent vaginal examination. […] The frequency-duration criteria include the persistence of symptoms for more than 50% of the time for a period of 6 months or longer. […] Before diagnosing vaginismus, conditions that might cause pain during vaginal penetration must be ruled out. […] Vaginismus is a phobic disorder, whereas dyspareunia is a pain disorder. […] According to the newly proposed criteria, those who meet the subjective, objective, and frequency-duration criteria and the exclusion criteria are classified as having vaginismus. […] We expect that the proposed diagnostic criteria would be useful for practicing clinicians worldwide in confidently diagnosing vaginismus and providing appropriate care to those in need. […] To summarize, vaginismus, a common female sexual disorder, is challenging to diagnose, and the proposed criteria are likely to help practicing clinicians worldwide overcome these challenges.

• #26 Primary Vaginismus – Signs, Symptoms and Treatment Options  – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2016/07/20/assessing-treating-primary-vaginismus/

  Primary vaginismus is a condition in which tight muscles and fear do not allow a patient to experience normal vaginal penetration. […] Consider the diagnosis of vaginismus when attempting to conduct a pelvic exam, and the patient elevates her buttocks, moves away, and tightly closes her thighs to prevent an examination. […] Be aware that moving away from the pelvic exam may be reflective of a significant fear/pain reaction which may indicate primary vaginismus. […] Assess whether you can provide the necessary support or if the patient needs to be referred for appropriate follow up treatment with a sexual medicine physician or a pelvic floor physical therapist. […] Vaginismus is a condition that can prevent a patient from inserting a tampon, completing an internal vaginal exam or achieving penile penetration.

• #27

  https://www.vaginismus.com/pages/diagnosis

  Sexual Pain Evaluation […] Women often suspect they have vaginismus from their symptoms and ideally will confirm the diagnosis with a physician. […] There is no direct test for vaginismus. One of the most important aspects of diagnosis is the thorough elimination of other possible physical or medical conditions that may be causing painful intercourse. Often a pelvic exam will be given to rule out other possible causes. […] Physicians are sometimes uninformed about the condition and it can be challenging to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Be proactive in educating yourself and seeking answers. […] Typically, you will be given a diagnosis of vaginismus. […] Note: Some women will not be able to complete the pelvic exam due to involuntary vaginal tightness. This is a common symptom of vaginismus and will be taken into account by the doctor during the diagnostic process.

• #28 Vaginismus Diagnosis | Effective Treatment Plan

  https://csm-manila.net/vaginismus-diagnosis/

  Vaginismus diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and a careful assessment of symptoms to rule out other conditions. […] The process of diagnosing vaginismus typically involves a multifaceted approach, combining medical examinations, psychological evaluations, and the input of healthcare professionals. […] Physical Examination: A healthcare provider, such as a gynecologist or pelvic floor specialist, will perform a thorough physical examination of the pelvic area, including the vagina and surrounding muscles. This examination helps to rule out any underlying physical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms. […] Seeking the advice and guidance of a healthcare professional is a crucial step in the diagnostic process for vaginismus. […] In addition to the physical examination, a psychological evaluation is often an essential part of the diagnostic process for vaginismus. […] Diagnosing vaginismus is a multifaceted process that requires the collaboration of healthcare professionals, mental health providers, and the individual seeking treatment. […] Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management of vaginismus.

• #29 Vaginismus: “Gone” But Not Forgotten

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/vaginismus-gone-not-forgotten

  It may come as a surprise that the diagnosis of vaginismus can no longer be found in DSM-5. […] In DSM-5, the spasm-based definition of vaginismus was dropped, and vaginismus was combined with dyspareunia, the other sexual pain disorder, which resulted in genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD). […] A consideration of what typically happens during a gynecological examination to diagnose vaginismus may help to elucidate some of the historical confusion and current changes. […] When researchers systematically videotaped gynecological examinations for vaginismus and coded womens facial expressions and behavior, it became apparent that the vaginismic woman was reacting phobically in the presence of the feared stimulus. […] It became apparent that DSM-IV categorical definitions of vaginismus and dyspareunia did not reliably capture the variegated clinical presentations of women who have difficulties with vaginal penetration and/or genital pain.

• #30 Why Vaginismus Is Difficult to Diagnose

  https://bermansexualhealth.com/why-vaginismus-is-difficult-to-diagnose/

  Dr. Jennifer Berman emphasizes that diagnosing vaginismus is intricate due to multiple intersecting factors. […] The condition manifests through involuntary pelvic floor muscle contractions, complicating straightforward physical examination. […] Psychological elements, such as anxiety, fear, and past trauma, also obscure clear diagnosis and may not be immediately visible. […] Additionally, overlapping symptoms with other gynecological issues further muddy the diagnostic waters. […] Embarrassment and stigma often prevent patients from seeking timely help, impeding open communication necessary for accurate identification. […] She underscores the necessity of a thorough approach combining medical inquiry and emotional support to effectively address vaginismus. […] Accurate diagnosis of vaginismus involves a thorough evaluation by healthcare professionals, often starting with a detailed medical and sexual history.

• #31 Why Vaginismus Is Difficult to Diagnose

  https://bermansexualhealth.com/why-vaginismus-is-difficult-to-diagnose/

  Diagnosing vaginismus poses notable challenges due to its multifaceted nature and the frequent overlap with other gynecological or psychological conditions. […] This complexity is compounded by a lack of awareness and education among both patients and healthcare providers. […] Proper diagnosis requires an inclusive evaluation that encompasses both physical and psychological factors, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach. […] Increasing awareness and education about vaginismus among healthcare providers can greatly diminish these diagnostic challenges, fostering an environment where patients feel comfortable discussing their symptoms.

• #32 Vaginismus: Classification, Diagnosis, Etiology and Treatment – Page 3

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/730325_3

  Vaginismus continues to be perceived by clinicians as a well-understood and easily treatable female sexual dysfunction despite the lack of research supporting these claims. […] There has been a 150-year consensus concerning the definition of vaginismus as an involuntary vaginal muscle spasm despite the lack of research supporting the vaginal muscle spasm criterion. […] Women with vaginismus may demonstrate high pelvic floor muscle tension and/or experience genital pain and/or report fearing vaginal penetration or pain. […] Vaginismus and dyspareunia are currently considered two mutually exclusive disorders despite empirical findings demonstrating that health practitioners have a great difficulty reliably differentiating both conditions. […] Recently, new definitions of vaginismus integrating pelvic floor muscle tension, genital pain and fear have been proposed.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:ASEB.0000007458.32852.c8

  This study investigated the roles of vaginal spasm, pain, and behavior in vaginismus and the ability of psychologists, gynecologists, and physical therapists to agree on a diagnosis of vaginismus. […] Diagnostic agreement was poor for vaginismus; vaginal spasm and pain measures did not differentiate between women in the vaginismus and dyspareunia/VVS groups; however, women in the vaginismus group demonstrated significantly higher vaginal/pelvic muscle tone and lower muscle strength. […] These data suggest that the spasm-based definition of vaginismus is not adequate as a diagnostic marker for vaginismus. Pain and fear of pain, pelvic floor dysfunction, and behavioral avoidance need to be included in a multidimensional reconceptualization of vaginismus.

• #34

  https://www.yourdaye.com/en-us/vitals/womens-health/what-is-vaginismus-causes-diagnosis-treatment/?srsltid=AfmBOopahqjKABnTPwaSWfOsn2gTmkMHwpgI1zZ-0NvYUBhLzSzs6mLJ

  Secondary vaginismus, on the other hand, is when a traumatic experience triggers the condition to appear later in life. […] Vaginismus is a condition that makes vaginal penetration painful, or even impossible. […] Vaginismus is a very complex condition and has a huge impact on a persons quality of life. […] The stigma around vaginismus and the little reliable medical research means not only do we not know how many people suffer from this condition, but of those who do, diagnosis can be an uphill battle. […] Vaginismus is a psychosomatic condition, and although there are symptoms when penetration is attempted, the body and genitals appear unaffected. […] Dr. Moyle explains that education on vaginismus is often excluded from the curriculum for medical professionals, making it that much harder to diagnose.

• #35

  https://www.vaginismus.com/pages/diagnosis

  Physicians encountering a tight opening may suggest surgery instead of recognizing the presence of vaginismus. Typically, women with vaginismus have normal genitalia. The vaginal muscles simply tighten up and then return to a relaxed state once the threat of penetration is over. […] Surgery is not necessary nor helpful in treating vaginismus. […] Seek a second opinion if any surgery to widen the vaginal opening has been recommended.

• #36 Self-diagnosing vaginismus found accurate vs health care provider diagnosis

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/self-diagnosing-vaginismus-found-accurate-vs-health-care-provider-diagnosis

  Self-diagnosing vaginismus found accurate vs health care provider diagnosis for vaginismus. […] The accuracy of self-diagnosis for vaginismus using a web-based list of symptoms is similar to that of a diagnosis from a health care provider (HCP). […] Significant agreement was reported between self-diagnosis and HCP diagnosis of vaginismus. […] These results indicated accuracy of self-diagnosis vaginismus using an internet-based tool when compared to an HCP diagnosis during a clinical visit. Investigators concluded a web-based tool could shorten the time it takes for patients to be diagnosed and receive care.

• #37 Vaginismus Diagnosis

  https://www.drnagihansaz.com/en/vaginismus/vaginismus-diagnosis.html

  The correct diagnosis of vaginismus is extremely important for the selection of the treatment method to be applied and the success of the treatment. […] The diagnosis of vaginismus can be made after a very simple gynecological evaluation, lasting 15 seconds, performed by an expert and experienced gynecologist. […] A simple gynecological evaluation after the person’s medical history is important for the diagnosis of vaginismus. […] However, the diagnosis and diagnosis of vaginismus can be made definitively after a gynecological evaluation.

• #38 Getting The Right Diagnosis

  https://www.vaginismusmd.com/getting-the-right-diagnosis/

  Chapter 4 titled Getting the right diagnosis is an extension of Ch. 3 using a case history of Lilly who was misdiagnosed with provoked vestibulodynia and her vaginismus symptoms_Pacikvaginismus symptoms_Paciksuccess once the correct diagnosis of vaginismus was made. It is important to make the right diagnosis because the Botox multimodal treatment program works best for vaginismus and less so for other types of sexual pain. […] There is considerable confusion among clinicians who often use vulvodynia and vestibulodynia as the diagnosis when in fact the correct diagnosis is vaginismus. Each of these sexual pain disorders requires a different treatment to achieve successful penetration. […] Once your forms are reviewed Dr. Pacik will schedule a complimentary phone call with you to discuss your diagnosis and treatment.

• #39 Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2024/january-february/clinical-assessment-and-management-of-vaginismus

  A genital examination is also required to make a differential diagnosis of vaginismus. […] A single-digit vaginal examination might be useful to assess the pelvic floor muscles. […] Given that people with vaginismus and pelvic pain more broadly often report feeling unheard or dismissed by health professionals, the first step in encountering these patients in a clinical situation should be validation that their pain is real, they are believed and the pain is not all in their head. […] A differential diagnosis of vaginismus can be made with a thorough history-taking, genital examination and single digit vaginal examination (if able). […] Successful treatment of vaginismus is generally multidisciplinary and involves a combination of patient education, pelvic floor muscle relaxation, use of vaginal trainers and psychological therapy.

• #40 Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2024/january-february/clinical-assessment-and-management-of-vaginismus

  Vaginismus is one of the leading causes of painful sex (dyspareunia) for women. […] The aim of this article is to summarise what is currently known about vaginismus, including its aetiology and contributing factors, how a diagnosis can be made, the implications of vaginismus on primary care clinical practice and the available treatment options for people with vaginismus. […] GPs play a vital role in helping people recover from vaginismus through validating peoples experiences, making an accurate diagnosis and making referrals to other relevant health professionals. […] Diagnosing vaginismus can be challenging, particularly as people will often present with concomitant vulva, pelvic floor and pelvic pain. […] A thorough history will help to identify relevant aetiological and contributing factors and assist with making a differential diagnosis.

• #41 Clinical assessment and management of vaginismus – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38316477/

  Vaginismus is one of the leading causes of painful sex (dyspareunia) for women. […] The aim of this article is to summarise what is currently known about vaginismus, including its aetiology and contributing factors, how a diagnosis can be made, the implications of vaginismus on primary care clinical practice and the available treatment options for people with vaginismus. […] GPs play a vital role in helping people recover from vaginismus through validating people’s experiences, making an accurate diagnosis and making referrals to other relevant health professionals. […] GPs can also offer a range of treatment options for people with vaginismus. […] While the management of vaginismus can be time-consuming and take some trial and error, multidisciplinary care with multimodal therapy often results in positive patient outcomes.

• #42 Vaginismus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risks And Treatment

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/vaginismus

  Vaginismus can affect women of any age and can be a temporary ailment or stick for a lifetime. […] Women diagnosed with vaginismus require psychological therapy and counselling along with appropriate exercises that will relax the muscles of the pelvic floor and help them experience vaginal penetration with ease. Therefore, treatment of vaginismus requires a thorough understanding of the medical history of the patient. […] Diagnosis of vaginismus is not quite easy and needs a consultation with gynaecologists or fertility specialists. […] It is essential to consult gynaecologists, physical therapists and sex therapists and counsellors before the final vaginismus diagnosis is made. These specialists first understand the complete medical history of the patient, listen to all the symptoms that the patients are experiencing, and do a thorough pelvic check-up before they diagnose vaginismus.

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