Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nicotine Dependence: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24482-nicotine-dependence

  The best way to prevent nicotine dependence is to avoid it. Dont use any products containing nicotine, including e-cigarettes. Using nicotine just one time can start the process of nicotine dependence. If you can, avoid putting yourself in situations where you might be tempted to use nicotine. […] You can cure nicotine dependence. Eliminating your need for nicotine takes time, but you can end your dependence for good. […] There are cessation treatments that effectively cure nicotine dependence and help reduce withdrawal symptoms. Treatments include medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and behavioral therapies. […] Research shows that those who use a combination of behavioral therapies and medications have more success quitting nicotine than those who only use one treatment or none at all.

• #2 Nicotine dependence – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584

  Nicotine dependence occurs when you need nicotine and can’t stop using it. Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that makes it hard to quit. […] Regardless of how long you’ve smoked, stopping can improve your health. It isn’t easy but you can break your dependence on nicotine. Many effective treatments are available. Ask your doctor for help. […] You’re more likely to stop for good if you follow a treatment plan that addresses both the physical and the behavioral aspects of nicotine dependence. Using medications and working with a counselor specially trained to help people stop smoking (a tobacco treatment specialist) will significantly boost your chances of success. […] The best way to prevent nicotine dependence is to not use tobacco in the first place. […] The best way to keep children from smoking is to not smoke yourself. Research has shown that children whose parents do not smoke or who successfully quit smoking are much less likely to take up smoking.

• #3 Nicotine Addiction Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Counseling, Nicotine Replacement Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287555-treatment

  More than 90% of first-time use of tobacco occurs before high school graduation. Because the average age at first use is 14.5 years, smoking prevention must start early. Because of their developmental stage, adolescents are more susceptible to social and environmental influences to use tobacco. Approximately 40% of teenagers who smoke eventually become addicted to nicotine. […] Social attitudes and policies toward smoking can have a major impact on smoking behavior. Healthcare associations, public health organizations, and consumer groups should lobby for the following: […] Restriction of access to tobacco products for minors […] Restriction of smoking in public places […] Restriction of advertisements […] Increased prices through taxation […] Increased awareness of the harmful health effects of smoking.

• #4 Nicotine Addiction: Signs, Causes, Treatment Options, And Prevention Strategies | The Nestled Recovery Center

  https://thenestledrecovery.com/rehab-blog/nicotine-addiction/

  Prevention strategies for nicotine addiction include implementing policies that restrict the sale of tobacco products to minors. Establishing smoke-free environments in public places will reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and decrease the social acceptability of smoking. […] The prevention strategies for nicotine addiction are education, regulations, community engagement, and access restrictions. The essence of nicotine addiction prevention strategies is to the initiation of tobacco use and discourage tobacco consumption among every age and social group. […] Educating youths and various age groups about the health complications of nicotine and the benefits of living a tobacco-free lifestyle is one of the most effective ways to prevent addictions. Also, youth involvement in anti-tobacco movements and initiatives to raise awareness about the health risks of nicotine is another preventive strategy.

• #5 Tobacco Addiction: Symptoms, Causes, Effects, Treatment, And Preventions.

  https://whitelightbh.com/resources/drug-addiction/tobacco/

  Preventing tobacco addiction involves a multi-faceted approach that addresses individual, community, and policy-level factors. Education and awareness campaigns help raise awareness of the dangers of tobacco use and promote healthy behaviors. Additionally, implementing policies such as tobacco taxes, advertising restrictions, and smoke-free laws creates environments that discourage tobacco use and support cessation efforts. […] According to Kalkhoran, S. Benowitz, N. L. et al. 2019, Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series, the following are some strategies to prevent tobacco addiction: Education and Awareness: Through school programs, community campaigns, and public health initiatives, educate individuals about the risks and consequences of tobacco use. Raise awareness about tobacco’s addictive nature and its detrimental effects on health. Early Intervention: Intervene early to prevent tobacco experimentation and initiation among young people. Provide age-appropriate education about the dangers of tobacco use and equip youth with refusal skills to resist peer pressure. Promotion of Smoke-Free Environments: Implement and enforce smoke-free policies in public places, workplaces, schools, and other settings to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and discourage tobacco use. Tobacco Taxation and Regulation: Increase taxes on tobacco products to raise prices and reduce affordability, especially among price-sensitive populations such as youth and low-income individuals. Implement tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship regulations to minimize exposure to marketing tactics. Access to Cessation Resources: Ensure access to evidence-based tobacco cessation resources, including counseling, medication, and support services, for individuals who want to quit smoking or using other tobacco products. Provide information about quitlines, online resources, and community-based programs. Supportive Environments: Create supportive environments that promote tobacco-free lifestyles and encourage healthy behaviors. Offer incentives for tobacco-free living, such as smoke-free housing, workplace wellness programs, and tobacco-free campus policies. Parental Involvement: Engage parents and caregivers in tobacco prevention efforts by providing information about the risks of tobacco use, modeling healthy behaviors, and establishing clear rules against smoking or using tobacco products in the home. Youth Empowerment: Empower youth to become advocates for tobacco-free communities through youth-led initiatives, peer education programs, and youth-focused campaigns. Encourage youth leadership and activism in tobacco control efforts. Community Partnerships: Foster collaborations among government agencies, schools, healthcare providers, community organizations, and businesses to implement comprehensive tobacco prevention strategies. Pool resources, share best practices, and coordinate efforts to maximize impact. Evaluation and Surveillance: Monitor tobacco use prevalence, attitudes, and behaviors through surveillance systems and research studies. Evaluate the effectiveness of prevention interventions and adjust strategies based on emerging trends and evidence.

• #6 Nicotine Addiction: Signs, Treatment Options, And Prevention Techniques  – Ethan Crossing

  https://ethancrossingspringfield.com/rehab-blog/nicotine-addiction/

  Nicotine addiction is prevented by educating the public on the risks of nicotine use, using healthy coping mechanisms, and policy intervention to reduce access and discourage the use of nicotine. […] The prevention techniques for Nicotine addiction include educational programs exposing health risks, establishing tobacco-free environments, active parental guidance, youth empowerment initiatives, strategic tax policies, restricted product access, and comprehensive community support networks. […] Educational awareness: Exposing the risks and effects nicotine has on the body will help prevent its usage and addiction. […] Tobacco-free policies: Establishing and enforcing smoke-free policies will create environments that discourage smoking and reduce exposure to secondhand smoke. […] Parental involvement: Parents help prevent nicotine by modeling healthy behaviors, discussing the dangers of tobacco, and preventing peer pressure influences.

• #7 Nicotine Addiction: Signs, Treatment Options, And Prevention Techniques  – Ethan Crossing

  https://ethancrossingspringfield.com/rehab-blog/nicotine-addiction/

  Youth empowerment programs: Empowerment programs will help youths make informed decisions about tobacco use and resist peer pressure influence. […] Price and tax policies: Increasing the price of nicotine and tobacco products will reduce their affordability. […] Access restrictions: Access to tobacco products should be restricted by age, retail settings, and sales platforms. […] Community support: Access to support groups, counseling services, and stop-use programs will help people seeking to quit nicotine and reduce use.

• #8 Commercial Tobacco Prevention and Treatment Program: Youth Programs | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/tobacco/youth.htm

  Nearly all commercial tobacco use begins during a persons teens and young adulthood. Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive drug that causes many young people to progress from smoking or vaping occasionally to smoking or vaping every day. […] Prevention is critical. If young people dont start using commercial tobacco or nicotine by age 26, they will almost certainly never start. […] Commercial tobacco companies manipulate the amount of nicotine their products to get young people addicted. […] Vapes include very high levels of nicotine, a highly addictive chemical, at levels equal to, or higher than, a pack of conventional cigarettes. […] Oral nicotine pouches are addictive and are not authorized to help people quit using tobacco products. […] The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (DPI) provides training and support to schools that seek to implement CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines for school health programs to help prevent tobacco and vape use and addiction.

• #9 Commercial Tobacco Prevention and Treatment Program: Youth Programs | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/tobacco/youth.htm

  N-O-T is an evidence-based program designed for teens aged 14-19 who wish to quit their nicotine addiction. […] INDEPTH is taught by a trained adult in four 50-minute sessions. Each session addresses a different tobacco- or vape-related issue and can be facilitated either one-on-one or in a group setting. The goal is to educate students about nicotine dependence and cravings and ultimately guide them through the process of identifying their own reasons for chewing, smoking or vaping tobacco products. […] SPARK offers students, faculty, and staff a platform and an opportunity to be an advocate for policies that ignite change on their campus. […] Tobacco is Changing is a reliable source of information about todays ever changing array of addictive tobacco and nicotine products that are marketed to children and teens. The information helps parents and other trusted adults have informed discussions with young people about these dangerous products and predatory marketing tactics.

• #10 INDEPTH: An Alternative to Teen Nicotine Suspension or Citation | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/helping-teens-quit/indepth

  INDEPTH is an alternative to suspension program that teaches young people about the risk factors to nicotine addiction and ways to quit vaping. […] Intervention for Nicotine Dependence: Education, Prevention, Tobacco and Health (INDEPTH) is a new, convenient alternative to suspension or citation that helps schools and communities address the teen vaping problem in a more supportive way. […] INDEPTH is an alternative to suspension program that teaches young people about the risk factors to nicotine addiction and ways to quit vaping. […] Research suggests that school policies prohibiting tobacco product use, when consistently enforced, are an essential part of lowering teen tobacco use rates. […] Although INDEPTH is not a cessation program, 60 percent of student participants reported that they were willing to quit using tobacco products after completing the program.

• #11 Intervention for Nicotine Dependence, Education, Prevention, Tobacco and Health | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/behavioral-health/greater-dekalb-county-counseling-and-psychiatry/support-for-substance-abuse-prevention-in-dekalb-county/intervention-for-nicotine-dependence-education-prevention-tobacco-and-health

  Intervention for Nicotine Dependence, Education, Prevention, Tobacco and Health (INDEPTH) is a convenient, positive alternative to suspension or citation that helps schools and communities address teen e-cigarette use in a more supportive way. Instead of solely focusing on punitive measures, INDEPTH is an interactive program that teaches students about nicotine dependence, establishing healthy alternatives, and how to overcome unhealthy substance dependence. […] The program was developed by the American Lung Association and consists of four 1-hour sessions. INDEPTH educates students on the impact of tobacco use in teens, the long-term health consequences, and other skills to support teens in quitting or reducing their tobacco product use. Every student who has taken part in INDEPTH has expressed an interest in quitting and starting the N-O-T tobacco cessation program for teens.

• #12 YOUTH AND YOUNG ADULT NICOTINE ADDICTION PREVENTION & EDUCATION

  https://truthinitiative.org/what-we-do/youth-smoking-prevention-education

  Everyone deserves the chance to live free from nicotine addiction. […] Our newest young adult campaign, Outsmart Nicotine, introduces a new generation to our market-leading, free EX Program, equipping them with the tools, resources, and support to quit for good or never start in the first place. […] Youth nicotine addiction remains a serious public health concern. […] To educate young people about the dangers of e-cigarette use, we provide a free digital course called Vaping: Know the truth that guides students through real-world scenarios in an authentic peer-to-peer youth voice. […] We have a legacy of transformative impact when it comes to nicotine addiction prevention and education. […] Truth Initiative offers in-person and virtual leadership trainings with young people including through our Tobacco/ Vape-Free College Program with over 230 campuses participating to engage them in educating their peers on issues surrounding tobacco use, including physical and mental health consequences, health equity, and environmental impact.

• #13 Nicotine Addiction Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Counseling, Nicotine Replacement Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287555-treatment

  Minimizing nicotine use among adolescents is an important social policy that can reduce adult addiction. Unfortunately, at the present time, no single clinical approach emerges as the best pathway. Clinical strategies that incorporate motivational interventions and cognitive-behavioral treatments show promise but await further research confirmation.

• #14 Tobacco: Preventing and Treating Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Use (Position Paper) | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/tobacco-preventingtreating.html

  The AAFP strongly advocates for in-depth, effective education in the prevention and cessation of tobacco use in medical schools and residency programs. […] The AAFP believes that increasing taxes on tobacco products provides a major disincentive to potential buyers. […] The AAFP strongly supports prohibiting the use of all tobacco and nicotine products that emit smoke, vapor, or any form of inhalable substance in all public places. […] The AAFP fully supports the World Health Organizations (WHOs) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and urges its full ratification by the United States. […] The AAFP calls for further research to assess ENDS safety, quality, and efficacy as potential cessation devices. […] The AAFP supports a ban on the sale of tobacco products in facilities that provide clinical patient care services, pharmacies, and retail outlets housing health clinics.

• #15 Clinical Interventions to Treat Tobacco Use and Dependence Among Adults | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/hcp/patient-care-settings/clinical.html

  Talk to patients at every visit about their tobacco use. Even brief advice can influence a patient’s decision to quit smoking. […] Advise patients that quitting is one of the most important things they can do to improve their health and prognosis. Advise pregnant patients that quitting is one of the most important things they can do to improve their health and the health of their baby. […] Remind patients that it is never too late to quit smoking. Quitting is beneficial at any age. For pregnant patients, remind them, although smoking cessation at any point during pregnancy yields health benefits, quitting early in pregnancy provides the greatest benefit to mother and baby. […] Offer patients a combination of counseling and medications. […] Refer patients to cessation resources and programs in your health system and community. You can also refer them to telephone quitlines (1-800-QUIT-NOW) and text messaging (e.g., SmokefreeTXT) and web-based interventions (e.g., cdc.gov/quit and smokfree.gov). […] Assess your patients’ progress over time and provide additional support. It may take several attempts for them to quit smoking. […] Provide ongoing support and encourage patients to keep trying and not give up.

• #15 Clinical Interventions to Treat Tobacco Use and Dependence Among Adults | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/hcp/patient-care-settings/clinical.html

  Tobacco use and dependence is a chronic, relapsing condition that often requires repeated intervention and long-term support. Quitting can be hard, but evidence-based treatments improve success. Below are clinical interventions that work to help adult patients quit smoking. […] Counseling can be in person (one-on-one or in a group) or over a telephone quitline. […] Text messaging (e.g., SmokefreeTXT) and web-based interventions (e.g., cdc.gov/quit and smokfree.gov) also help people quit smoking. […] Seven medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for smoking cessation. […] Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms and is available over the counter (patch, gum, and lozenge) and by prescription (inhaler and nasal spray). […] Varenicline is a nicotine receptor partial agonist available only by prescription. It reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms (including craving) and reduces the rewarding effects of cigarettes by blocking nicotinic receptors.

• #16 Smoking Cessation: Fast Facts | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/smoking-cessation/index.html

  Tobacco dependence is a condition driven by nicotine addiction. […] Quitting smoking greatly reduces the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. […] There are helpful treatments and resources for quitting. […] Even brief advice (less than 3 minutes) from a health professional improves the chance of quitting successfully and is highly cost-effective. […] Less than 4 in 10 adults who smoke cigarettes used proven treatments—counseling or medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—when trying to quit smoking. […] Using counseling and medication together provides the best chance of quitting successfully. […] Most youth who use tobacco want to quit, and most report trying to quit in the past year.

• #17 Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Recommendation Statement | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0615/od1.html

  The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to nonpregnant adults who use tobacco. […] The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant persons about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions for cessation to pregnant persons who use tobacco. […] The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in pregnant persons. […] The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant persons. The USPSTF recommends that clinicians direct patients who use tobacco to other tobacco cessation interventions with proven effectiveness and established safety.

• #18

  https://www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com/Good-Practice-Statements-for-the-treatment-of-nicotine-dependence,167964,0,2.html

  For consumers of heated tobacco products, smokeless tobacco and nicotine-containing products (e.g. electronic cigarettes, nicotine pouches or any other new and emerging nicotine product with an addictive potential), the proposed GPS are the following: GPS 1. It is reasonable to give brief advice for cessation. Brief cessation advice should consist of asking about the details of product use [type(s) of product(s), frequency of use, nicotine content, and duration of use], advising to quit, and assessing readiness to quit. […] GPS 2. It is reasonable to offer pharmacotherapy to treat nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Pharmacotherapy includes the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in its different formulations and/or combinations (slow release and rapid release), as well as varenicline. […] GPS 3. It is reasonable to offer individual or group counselling combined with pharmacotherapy.

• #18

  https://www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com/Good-Practice-Statements-for-the-treatment-of-nicotine-dependence,167964,0,2.html

  Nicotine dependence is increasing worldwide due to a wide variety of new and emerging products (e.g. heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, nicotine pouches, novel herbal products) with tobacco and/or nicotine content, being continuously placed on the market, including online stores. […] The current and potential future scenario regarding consumers of new and emerging tobacco and nicotine products and their sustained addiction to nicotine is a significant global public health concern. To address this issue, it is crucial to incorporate individuals addicted to these products into the existing treatments for smoking cessation, as per the Good Practice Statements (GPS) provided by the GRADE working group. […] In situations where studies do not include users of various tobacco and nicotine products like electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products, or other emerging products containing tobacco and/or nicotine with addictive potential, it may be necessary to develop GPS to address nicotine dependence.

• #19

  https://www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com/Good-Practice-Statements-for-the-treatment-of-nicotine-dependence,167964,0,2.html

  GPS 4. It is reasonable to consider nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with counselling in youth or pregnant women unable to quit with counselling alone. […] GPS 5. It is reasonable to use a digital intervention (via applications on mobile phones, text messages, online programs). […] In conclusion, there is a pressing need for the development of GPS in healthcare practice to address nicotine dependence in individuals using non-conventional tobacco and nicotine products. These GPS should be supported by a clear and explicit rationale that connects the available indirect evidence. However, it is essential to conduct large-scale studies involving users of these products to obtain robust evidence on the appropriate and effective treatment approaches. […] Currently, it is crucial to provide treatment indications in the form of GPS for all individuals addicted to these new and emerging products who are motivated to quit. These GPS are not only sustainable but also based on treatment approaches that have already demonstrated effectiveness in smoking cessation. Implementing these GPS can have positive consequences for public health, as they offer viable solutions for nicotine addiction in this specific population.

• #20 Clinical Interventions to Treat Tobacco Use and Dependence Among Adults | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/hcp/patient-care-settings/clinical.html

  Bupropion is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with nicotine receptor antagonist properties. It reduces craving and other withdrawal symptoms and is available by prescription only. […] Counseling and medication are effective on their own, but using them together can more than double the chances of quitting. […] Combining long-acting NRT (patch) with short-acting NRT (e.g., gum, lozenge) also increases the chances of quitting. […] Pregnant women who smoke should be encouraged to attempt cessation using behavioral interventions, such as counseling and social support, before considering pharmacologic approaches. […] Brief counseling can increase quit success, but studies indicate intensive and tailored counseling is most effective in helping pregnant women quit smoking.

• #21 The current state of tobacco cessation treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/7/393

  Nicotine addiction and dependence is a chronic relapsing disease driven by addiction to nicotine. Proactive treatment for all tobacco users, regardless of their readiness to quit, is recommended. […] An individualized treatment for tobacco cessation is necessary and should be based on severity of nicotine dependence, probability of developing withdrawal symptoms, comorbidities, local resources, and patient preferences. […] Comprehensive smoking cessation treatment provides counseling, assesses the patients readiness to quit, offers treatment options, and arranges follow-up. […] Evidence is lacking to support the use of smart phone apps for smoking cessation as monotherapy. […] E-cigarettes are not used in tobacco cessation treatment as they can also cause nicotine addiction and other concerns.

• #22 The current state of tobacco cessation treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/7/393

  Nicotine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disease driven by addiction to nicotine. A proactive approach is needed, offering treatment to all smokers regardless of their level of readiness to quit. […] Pharmacotherapy for tobacco treatment is based on alleviating symptoms of nicotine withdrawal with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and on optimal use of medications such as varenicline and bupropion. […] The best results are obtained when pharmacotherapy is combined with behavioral interventions. […] Behavioral support can be provided in face-to-face meetings, group sessions, and text messages. […] Interventions that combine pharmacotherapy and behavioral support increase tobacco cessation rates compared with minimal intervention or usual care. […] Intensive support, especially when it involves in-person contact, increases the chance of abstinence by about 10% to 20%.

• #23 Tobacco Control and Prevention

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/tobacco-control-and-prevention/?srsltid=AfmBOopaiQzrYUzuEeTWuNWSWsqT2goLfbGlgXpNnDbhoFGZuWBjPpqf

  Tobacco use is a pediatric disease: most adult tobacco users initiate use during adolescence; initiation is often connected to parental/peer tobacco use, exposure to tobacco imagery in movies and media, and targeted marketing of tobacco products to youth. […] Youth who use tobacco products are beginning a trajectory of nicotine dependence that often continues into adulthood. They are also uniquely vulnerable to nicotine dependence because their brains are still developing, according to a 2014 Surgeon Generals report. […] The mission of the AAP Section on Nicotine and Tobacco Prevention and Treatment is to raise awareness about the importance of and to create support for pediatricians, other physicians and health providers in the prevention of tobacco product initiation and exposure, treatment of dependence and elimination of children’s exposure to tobacco and nicotine and their emissions.

• #24 Health Risks of Nicotine for Youth – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.web.health.state.mn.us/communities/tobacco/nicotine/index.html

  Nicotine dependence can worsen mental health for youth. […] Nicotine dependence can cause stress and mood fluctuations, which can lead to poor mental health, despite the common misconception that nicotine can help relieve stress, anxiety, or depression. […] Increasing dependence on nicotine leads to stronger withdrawal symptoms, which causes mood fluctuations and negative mood, and can amplify or worsen stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. […] Some studies have demonstrated that teens show signs of dependence before they begin using commercial tobacco every day, suggesting that this age group may be particularly sensitive to withdrawal symptoms. […] These results suggest that youth are developing dependence on the nicotine in e-cigarettes relatively quickly, despite many of them not using e-cigarettes daily. […] Quitting commercial tobacco use, including smoking and vaping, lowers levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, and improves daily mood and quality of life. […] My Life, My Quit is a program to help Minnesota teens ages 13-17 quit commercial tobacco and nicotine, including vaping.

• #25 Tobacco and Nicotine Cessation During Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/05/tobacco-and-nicotine-cessation-during-pregnancy

  Pregnant women should be advised of the significant perinatal risks associated with tobacco use, including orofacial clefts, fetal growth restriction, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, low birth weight, increased perinatal mortality, ectopic pregnancy, and decreased maternal thyroid function. […] Smoking cessation at any point in gestation benefits the pregnant woman and her fetus. The greatest benefit is observed with cessation before 15 weeks of gestation. […] Clinicians should advise cessation of tobacco products used in any form and provide motivational feedback. […] Clinicians should individualize care by offering psychosocial, behavioral, and pharmacotherapy interventions. Available cessation-aid services and resources, including digital resources, should be discussed and documented regularly at prenatal and postpartum follow-up visits.

• #26 Clinical Interventions to Treat Tobacco Use and Dependence Among Adults | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/hcp/patient-care-settings/clinical.html

  There are seven FDA-approved smoking cessation medications. However, to date, there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of these medications in pregnant women and the balance of benefits and harms is not clear. […] Nicotine replacement therapy and other FDA-approved medications (bupropion, varenicline) can be considered on a case-by-case basis. […] These decisions should be made carefully while considering the specific circumstances and weighing the risks of using medication against the risks of continued smoking. […] E-cigarettes are not safe to use during pregnancy. […] Nicotine is a health danger for pregnant women and developing babies and can damage a developing baby’s brain and lungs. […] A team approach is the best way to treat tobacco use and dependence. Integrating treatment into the routine clinical workflow and engaging the entire health care team in treatment delivery can make a difference.

• #27 What are treatments for tobacco dependence? | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

  https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/what-are-treatments-tobacco-dependence

  There are effective treatments that support tobacco cessation, including both behavioral therapies and FDA-approved medications. […] The prevalence of tobacco use and dependence among adolescents as well as the neurobiological impact and medical consequences of nicotine exposure suggest that pediatric primary care settings should deliver tobacco cessation treatments to both youth and parents who use tobacco. […] More well-designed smoking cessation studies need to be conducted with adolescent smokers, particularly in the area of pharmacologic treatments for nicotine dependence. […] A combination of incentives and behavioral counseling is most effective for pregnant women. […] Pooled results of behavioral intervention studies indicate that treatment reduced preterm births and the proportion of infants born with low birth weight, compared with usual care.

• #28 What are treatments for tobacco dependence? | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

  https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/what-are-treatments-tobacco-dependence

  Researchers have been examining ways to personalize treatment based on important individual biological differences, including genetic differences. […] A recent study compared rates of abstinence 1 week after treatment for slow, normal, and fast metabolizers of nicotine who were randomly assigned to either placebo, NRT, or varenicline. Results indicated that varenicline worked best for normal nicotine metabolizers, whereas NRT patches were most effective for slow metabolizers. […] NIDA supports research to develop new and improve current treatment options for smoking cessation based on a growing understanding of the neurobiology of addiction. […] Another approach that could prevent relapse and that has shown promise in early studies is a nicotine vaccine, which would generate antibodies that keep nicotine from reaching the brain.

• #29 Discussion highlights latest approaches, trends in nicotine dependence treatment – CHEST Daily NewsShare on TwitterShare on FacebookShare on LinkedInShare via Email

  https://chestdailynews.chestnet.org/discussion-highlights-latest-approaches-trends-in-nicotine-dependence-treatment/

  The relationship between mental health and smoking is strong. […] Dr. Salomon addressed cultural and racial inequities in tobacco use and cessation statistics. […] There are specific demographic groups that are having higher proclivity to nicotine dependence, and we really need to focus on that in terms of tobacco cessation, Dr. Salomon said. […] Novel approaches to nicotine dependence therapy being studied include the use of psychedelics, new pharmacological agents, vaccines, and magnetic brain stimulation. […] Addressing smoking as a socioeconomic problem and using strategic taxation has seen some success. […] We just need to be more aware and vigilant that any impetus that we can provide as health care providers will lead to reduced smoking rates, Dr. Salomon said.

• #30 Researchers Discover Potential Treatment for Nicotine Dependence – MU School of Medicine

  https://medicine.missouri.edu/news/researchers-discover-potential-treatment-nicotine-dependence

  New research from the University of Missouri School of Medicine suggests there may be another way to treat cigarette cravings. […] Identifying treatments that improve IC may help reduce smoking and can potentially help with preventing relapse following when a person attempts to quit smoking, Froeliger said. […] Treatments that improve IC may also help disrupt the cycle of drug use among individuals with other substance use disorders; however, further research is needed to examine the clinical value of TBS for treating substance use disorders.

• #31 Tobacco: Preventing and Treating Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Use (Position Paper) | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/tobacco-preventingtreating.html

  Nicotine is a highly addictive, naturally occurring chemical found in tobacco. Cigarette companies intentionally modify tobacco products to create and sustain addiction. […] The AAFP does not endorse ENDS as cessation devices in any population due to insufficient evidence of their efficacy. The AAFP does support the seven U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved tobacco cessation options, acknowledging that pharmacotherapy and counseling substantially improve cessation outcomes. […] The AAFP urges all state, federal, and private sector institutions involved in tobacco prevention and cessation activities to increase and coordinate their efforts. […] Family physicians can make a significant impact on the tobacco use behavior of Americans. […] The AAFP encourages its members to use a variety of counseling techniques to address tobacco use and nicotine dependence, such as motivational interviewing, brief interventions, and group visits.

• #32 INDEPTH: An Alternative to Teen Nicotine Suspension or Citation | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/helping-teens-quit/indepth

  The American Lung Association’s Not on Tobacco (N-O-T) program is a voluntary youth-centered cessation program inclusive in addressing all tobacco product use, including e-cigarettes. […] It is recommended that schools and community-based organizations implementing INDEPTH also become trained as Not on Tobacco (N-O-T) facilitators to provide a youth cessation option for those students wishing to quit. […] Results show around 60 % of the students said they were willing to give up tobacco products once they’ve finished the INDEPTH program.

• #33 Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Recommendation Statement | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0615/od1.html

  The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that the net benefit of behavioral interventions and FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for tobacco smoking cessation, alone or combined, in nonpregnant adults who smoke is substantial. […] The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that the net benefit of behavioral interventions for tobacco smoking cessation on perinatal outcomes and smoking cessation in pregnant persons is substantial. […] The USPSTF has identified the lack of well-designed, randomized clinical trials on e-cigarettes that report smoking abstinence or adverse events as a critical gap in the evidence. […] The USPSTF recommends that clinicians focus on offering behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy to increase smoking cessation in non-pregnant adults, and behavioral counseling to increase smoking cessation in pregnant persons.

• #34

  https://www.trdrp.org/research-priorities/neuroscience–of-nicotine-addiction-treatment.html

  Advance innovative research that addresses the biology of nicotine addiction and treatment, with a goal of understanding and reducing tobacco and nicotine product use and identifying effective therapies across the lifespan. […] TRDRP supports innovative research that addresses the biology of nicotine addiction and treatment, with a goal of understanding and reducing commercial tobacco product use in populations that consistently have the highest smoking and nicotine use rates. […] Develop therapeutic strategies for nicotine overdose, strategies to prevent/overcome nicotine relapse after cessation, strategies to improve smoking cessation rates among heavy smokers, and therapeutic strategies for youth with nicotine dependence. […] Translate innovative research findings of tobacco and nicotine impacts on the brain and behavior to improve cessation treatment outcomes.

• #35 Nicotine Is Why Tobacco Products Are Addictive | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-effects-tobacco-use/nicotine-why-tobacco-products-are-addictive

  In January 2025, FDA proposed a rule to limit the nicotine level of cigarettes and certain other combusted tobacco products to a minimally or nonaddictive level. This reduction of nicotine in cigarettes would lower the chances that future generations become addicted to cigarettes and would make it easier for more people who currently smoke cigarettes to quit or switch to lower-risk tobacco products.

• #36 Tobacco and Nicotine Cessation During Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/05/tobacco-and-nicotine-cessation-during-pregnancy

  Providing continual support and addressing psychosocial stressors in the postpartum period are necessary to ensure continued cessation success. […] Tobacco cessation, avoidance of secondhand smoke exposure, and relapse prevention are key clinical intervention strategies. […] Addiction to and dependence on cigarettes is physiologic and psychologic, and cessation techniques should include psychosocial interventions and pharmacologic therapy. […] Counseling, financial incentives, and feedback-based interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy are associated with a reduction in smoking during pregnancy and decreased risk for infants with low birth weight. […] Women who indicate that they are not ready to quit smoking can benefit from consistent motivational approaches provided by their health care professionals.

• #37

  https://www.who.int/news/item/02-07-2024-who-releases-first-ever-clinical-treatment-guideline-for-tobacco-cessation-in-adults

  The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a comprehensive set of tobacco cessation interventions, including behavioural support delivered by health-care providers, digital cessation interventions and pharmacological treatments in a first guideline on tobacco cessation. […] WHO recommends varenicline, Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), bupropion, and cytisine as effective treatments for tobacco cessation. […] Combining pharmacotherapy with behavioural interventions significantly increases quitting success rates. Countries are encouraged to provide these treatments at no or reduced cost to improve accessibility, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. […] WHO recommends behavioural interventions, including brief health worker counselling (30 seconds to 3 minutes) offered routinely in health-care settings, alongside more intensive behavioural support (individual, group, or phone counselling) for interested users. Additionally, digital interventions such as text messaging, smartphone apps, and internet programmes can be used as adjuncts or self-management tools.

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