Tachykardia przedsionkowa
Epidemiologia

Tachykardia przedsionkowa (AT) jest rzadkim typem częstoskurczu nadkomorowego (SVT), stanowiącym 5-15% przypadków SVT kierowanych do ablacji. W populacji ogólnej prewalencja jest niska, np. 0,34% młodych mężczyzn pilotów ma bezobjawową AT, a 0,46% objawową. W USA rejestruje się około 90 000 nowych przypadków napadowej AT rocznie. AT występuje w każdym wieku, częściej u dzieci i osób z wrodzonymi wadami serca, a u osób >70 lat stanowi około 23% napadowych SVT. Wieloogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa (MAT) jest rzadka (0,05-0,32% hospitalizowanych), dotyczy głównie starszych mężczyzn (średni wiek 72 lata). Czynniki ryzyka obejmują choroby serca (choroba wieńcowa, wady zastawkowe, niewydolność), wrodzone wady, POChP (60-85% w MAT), zabiegi kardiochirurgiczne, choroby tarczycy, cukrzycę, używki (alkohol >15 drinków/tydzień u mężczyzn, >8 u kobiet), stres i leki. U pacjentów z MAT śmiertelność sięga 30-60%, głównie z powodu chorób współistniejących.

  1. Epidemiologia Tachykardii Przedsionkowej
    1. Częstotliwość występowania
    2. Różnice demograficzne
  2. Czynniki ryzyka tachykardii przedsionkowej
  3. Występowanie tachykardii przedsionkowej w różnych populacjach
    1. Występowanie w różnych grupach wiekowych
    2. Występowanie w szczególnych grupach pacjentów
  4. Związek tachykardii przedsionkowej z innymi chorobami
  5. Tachykardia przedsionkowa a ryzyko powikłań
    1. Kardiomiopatia tachyarytmiczna
    2. Ryzyko powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych
    3. Rokowanie
  6. Nadzór i monitorowanie tachykardii przedsionkowej
    1. Metody monitorowania
    2. Znaczenie tachykardii przedsionkowej wykrytej przy pomocy urządzeń
  7. Trendy i wyzwania w nadzorze epidemiologicznym tachykardii przedsionkowej
    1. Specyficzne podtypy tachykardii przedsionkowej
    2. Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia Tachykardii Przedsionkowej

Tachykardia przedsionkowa (AT) jest jednym z typów częstoskurczu nadkomorowego (SVT), który charakteryzuje się szybką pracą serca powyżej 100 uderzeń na minutę, spowodowaną przez sygnał elektryczny pochodzący z przedsionków. Wśród częstoskurczów nadkomorowych, tachykardia przedsionkowa jest stosunkowo rzadko występującym typem arytmii, stanowiąc około 5-15% wszystkich przypadków SVT kierowanych do zabiegów ablacji123.

Częstotliwość występowania

Dokładna prewalencja tachykardii przedsionkowej w populacji ogólnej nie jest w pełni poznana. Badania europejskie przeprowadzone na młodych mężczyznach ubiegających się o licencje pilota wykazały, że 0,34% badanych miało bezobjawową tachykardię przedsionkową, a 0,46% doświadczało objawowej tachykardii przedsionkowej12. W Stanach Zjednoczonych odnotowuje się około 90 000 nowych przypadków napadowej tachykardii przedsionkowej rocznie1.

Wśród pacjentów kierowanych na ablację z powodu częstoskurczu nadkomorowego, ogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa (FAT) stwierdza się u 3-17% przypadków1. Atypowa tachykardia przedsionkowa stanowi mniejszy odsetek zabiegów ablacji – w Hiszpanii w 2009 roku odnotowano łącznie 8546 zabiegów ablacji, z czego 283 dotyczyły FAT1.

Różnice demograficzne

Tachykardia przedsionkowa może wystąpić w każdym wieku, jednakże częściej dotyka dzieci oraz dorosłych z wrodzonymi wadami serca12. Wraz z wiekiem zwiększa się odsetek pacjentów z tachykardią przedsionkową – u osób powyżej 70 roku życia stanowi ona około 23% wszystkich napadowych częstoskurczów nadkomorowych1.

Wieloogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa (MAT) jest stosunkowo rzadką arytmią o częstości występowania 0,05-0,32% wśród hospitalizowanych pacjentów12. MAT dotyczy głównie mężczyzn i osób starszych, a średni wiek pacjentów wynosi około 72 lata1. U dzieci MAT występuje rzadko, stanowiąc mniej niż 1% przypadków częstoskurczów nadkomorowych1.

W przeciwieństwie do innych typów SVT, dla tachykardii przedsionkowej nie wykazano wyraźnych predylekcji płciowych, chociaż niektóre badania wskazują na związek z ciążą1. Natomiast dla ogólnej grupy częstoskurczów nadkomorowych, kobiety mają dwukrotnie większe ryzyko rozwoju SVT niż mężczyźni12.

Czynniki ryzyka tachykardii przedsionkowej

Tachykardia przedsionkowa może występować zarówno u osób z prawidłową budową serca, jak i u pacjentów z chorobami strukturalnymi serca. Do głównych czynników ryzyka rozwoju tej arytmii należą12:

  • Choroby serca: choroba wieńcowa, wady zastawkowe, niewydolność serca
  • Wrodzone wady serca
  • Przebyte operacje kardiochirurgiczne
  • Bezdech senny
  • Choroby tarczycy
  • Choroby płuc, w tym przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP)
  • Cukrzyca
  • Niektóre leki stosowane w leczeniu astmy, alergii i przeziębień
  • Nadmierne spożycie alkoholu (ponad 15 drinków tygodniowo dla mężczyzn i 8 dla kobiet)
  • Palenie tytoniu i stosowanie nikotyny
  • Narkotyki stymulujące (kokaina, amfetamina)
  • Stres emocjonalny
  • Nadmierne spożycie kofeiny

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W przypadku wieloogniskowej tachykardii przedsionkowej (MAT), głównym czynnikiem ryzyka jest choroba płuc – występuje ona u 60-85% pacjentów z MAT, przy czym POChP jest najczęstszą chorobą współistniejącą12.

Tachykardia przedsionkowa typu reentry częściej występuje u pacjentów z chorobami strukturalnymi serca, w tym z wadami zastawkowymi, wrodzonymi wadami serca i po zabiegach kardiochirurgicznych1.

Występowanie tachykardii przedsionkowej w różnych populacjach

Występowanie w różnych grupach wiekowych

Częstość występowania tachykardii przedsionkowej różni się w zależności od wieku pacjentów1:

  • Osoby starsze (powyżej 65 roku życia) mają ponad pięciokrotnie większe ryzyko rozwoju SVT, w tym tachykardii przedsionkowej, w porównaniu z osobami młodszymi
  • Wraz z wiekiem wzrasta częstość występowania tachykardii przedsionkowej typu macro-reentry, podczas gdy ogniskowe tachykardie przedsionkowe stają się rzadsze w starszej populacji
  • U dzieci tachykardia przedsionkowa stanowi około 15% arytmii nadkomorowych

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Wieloogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa (MAT) dotyka głównie osoby w podeszłym wieku, ze średnią wieku około 70 lat, chociaż może również występować u dzieci i noworodków12.

Występowanie w szczególnych grupach pacjentów

Tachykardia przedsionkowa występuje częściej w określonych populacjach pacjentów12:

  • Pacjenci z wrodzonymi wadami serca – arytmie dotykają około 15% pacjentów z wrodzonymi wadami serca u dorosłych
  • Pacjenci po zabiegach kardiochirurgicznych
  • Osoby z chorobami strukturalnymi serca – częstość występowania chorób strukturalnych serca jest wyższa u pacjentów z tachykardią przedsionkową niż u osób z innymi typami napadowego SVT
  • Pacjenci hospitalizowani na oddziałach intensywnej terapii – nowe epizody arytmii nadkomorowych (w tym AT) występują u 4,5-15% pacjentów, a w przypadku wstrząsu septycznego częstość wzrasta do 46%

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Związek tachykardii przedsionkowej z innymi chorobami

Tachykardia przedsionkowa może występować zarówno u osób ze strukturalnie prawidłowym sercem, jak i u pacjentów z chorobami współistniejącymi1. Częste choroby współistniejące obejmują:

  • Choroby płuc – szczególnie POChP, która jest najczęstszą chorobą towarzyszącą wieloogniskowej tachykardii przedsionkowej (60-85% przypadków)
  • Niewydolność serca – może być zarówno przyczyną jak i skutkiem długotrwałej tachykardii przedsionkowej
  • Choroba wieńcowa – zwiększa ryzyko występowania arytmii przedsionkowych
  • Nadczynność tarczycy – zaburzenia hormonalne mogą predysponować do tachyarytmii
  • Wrodzone wady serca – stanowią istotny czynnik ryzyka, szczególnie dla tachykardii przedsionkowych typu reentry

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Ważne jest również zauważenie, że pacjenci z MAT często mają znaczące choroby współistniejące i są leczeni na oddziałach intensywnej terapii. W związku z tym notuje się wysoki wskaźnik śmiertelności (do 45%) powiązany z tą arytmią, chociaż nie jest to bezpośredni skutek zaburzeń rytmu, lecz raczej konsekwencja chorób podstawowych1.

Tachykardia przedsionkowa a ryzyko powikłań

Kardiomiopatia tachyarytmiczna

Jednym z najważniejszych powikłań długotrwałej tachykardii przedsionkowej jest rozwój kardiomiopatii tachyarytmicznej1. Jeśli tachykardia przedsionkowa utrzymuje się przez dłuższy czas (forma nieustająca), może prowadzić do12:

W większości przypadków, kardiomiopatia tachyarytmiczna jest odwracalna po skutecznym leczeniu arytmii1.

Ryzyko powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych

Chociaż związek między migotaniem przedsionków a ryzykiem udaru mózgu jest dobrze udokumentowany, rola tachykardii przedsionkowej w patogenezie zdarzeń zakrzepowo-zatorowych pozostaje przedmiotem badań. Istnieją jednak dowody sugerujące, że pacjenci z tachykardią przedsionkową mogą mieć zwiększone ryzyko udaru mózgu12:

  • Badania wykazały, że pacjenci z nietrwałą tachykardią przedsionkową (NSAT) mieli znacząco wyższy odsetek obrazów sugerujących zator mózgowy w porównaniu z pacjentami bez NSAT (27% vs 14%, P<0,001)
  • NSAT była niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka dla udaru o charakterze zatorowym
  • Badanie Larsena i wsp. z 15-letnim okresem obserwacji wykazało, że pacjenci z nadmierną aktywnością ektopową nadkomorową (ESVEA) mają większe ryzyko udaru niedokrwiennego

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Te dane sugerują, że tachykardia przedsionkowa, nawet jeśli jest bezobjawowa lub nietrwała, może być potencjalnym źródłem zatorowości sercowej, co uzasadnia bardziej intensywne poszukiwanie modyfikowalnych czynników ryzyka, takich jak migotanie przedsionków, u pacjentów z udarem niedokrwiennym i współistniejącą tachykardią przedsionkową12.

Rokowanie

Ogólne rokowanie w tachykardii przedsionkowej zależy od warunków wywołujących tę arytmię oraz od typu tachykardii12:

  • Ogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa jednooogniskowa jest zazwyczaj łagodna u dorosłych i może nie wymagać leczenia, jeśli nie jest utrwalona
  • Nieustająca tachykardia przedsionkowa może prowadzić do kardiomiopatii tachyarytmicznej i odwracalnej niewydolności serca
  • Rokowanie w MAT będzie w dużej mierze zależeć od podstawowej choroby płuc; śmiertelność jest wysoka (30-60% pacjentów hospitalizowanych), ale wynika głównie z chorób współistniejących, a nie z samej arytmii
  • U pacjentów ze strukturalnie zdrowym sercem, rokowanie jest zazwyczaj dobre

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Tachykardia przedsionkowa jest często uleczalna lub poddaje się leczeniu farmakologicznemu. Ablacja przezskórna wykazuje wysokie wskaźniki powodzenia (69-100%) z niską częstością powikłań i małym odsetkiem nawrotów (0-33%)12.

Nadzór i monitorowanie tachykardii przedsionkowej

Biorąc pod uwagę potencjalne ryzyko powikłań związanych z tachykardią przedsionkową, odpowiedni nadzór i monitorowanie mają kluczowe znaczenie dla zarządzania tą arytmią1.

Metody monitorowania

W zależności od sytuacji klinicznej, do monitorowania tachykardii przedsionkowej stosuje się różne metody12:

  • Holter EKG – 24-48 godzinne monitorowanie, które może wykryć krótkotrwałe epizody arytmii
  • Telemetria ambulatoryjna/mobilna – dłuższe monitorowanie, często przez 7-30 dni
  • Wszczepiane rejestratory zdarzeń – dla długoterminowego monitorowania (miesiące do lat)
  • Monitorowanie przy pomocy urządzeń wszczepialnych (rozruszniki, ICD) – mogą wykrywać i rejestrować epizody tachyarytmii przedsionkowych

Badania wykazały, że dłuższe monitorowanie serca koreluje z wyższym wskaźnikiem wykrywania arytmii przedsionkowych, co ma szczególne znaczenie u pacjentów po udarze kryptogennym1.

Znaczenie tachykardii przedsionkowej wykrytej przy pomocy urządzeń

Tachykardia przedsionkowa wykryta przy pomocy urządzeń wszczepialnych (DDAT – Device-Detected Atrial Tachyarrhythmia) stanowi cenne narzędzie w wykrywaniu klinicznie niemych arytmii przedsionkowych1. Badania wykazały, że:

  • Obecność DDAT wiąże się z podwyższonym ryzykiem udaru i innych zdarzeń zakrzepowo-zatorowych
  • Brak jest jednak jednoznacznego związku czasowego między epizodem DDAT a późniejszym wystąpieniem udaru
  • Znaczenie kliniczne DDAT w kontekście ryzyka zdarzeń zakrzepowo-zatorowych i wskazań do antykoagulacji nie jest w pełni wyjaśnione

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Zaleca się stosowanie skal ryzyka CHADS2 i CHA2DS2-VASc do określenia potrzeby antykoagulacji u pacjentów z wykrytą tachykardią przedsionkową1.

Trendy i wyzwania w nadzorze epidemiologicznym tachykardii przedsionkowej

Istnieje kilka ważnych trendów i wyzwań związanych z nadzorem epidemiologicznym tachykardii przedsionkowej12:

  • Starzenie się populacji – wraz ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa oczekuje się wzrostu częstości występowania tachykardii przedsionkowej
  • Wzrost częstości zabiegów ablacji – w Hiszpanii odnotowano roczny wzrost o 8% liczby zabiegów ablacji dla ogniskowej tachykardii przedsionkowej lub trzepotania przedsionków, wskazując na kliniczne znaczenie tych arytmii
  • Ograniczone dane epidemiologiczne – informacje na temat tachykardii przedsionkowej występującej w ogólnej populacji osób krytycznie chorych są ograniczone
  • Różnice w metodologii badań – różnice w definicjach, metodach diagnozowania i raportowania utrudniają porównywanie danych epidemiologicznych między różnymi badaniami

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Pomimo tych wyzwań, zwiększona świadomość znaczenia klinicznego tachykardii przedsionkowej, w tym jej potencjalnego związku z ryzykiem udaru mózgu, prowadzi do bardziej systematycznego podejścia do nadzoru nad tą arytmią12.

Specyficzne podtypy tachykardii przedsionkowej

Dane nadzoru epidemiologicznego różnią się w zależności od podtypu tachykardii przedsionkowej12:

  • Tachykardia przedsionkowa z zatoki wieńcowej – występuje u 0,08% pacjentów poddawanych ablacji migotania przedsionków (0,07% w przypadkach pierwotnej ablacji AF i 0,15% w przypadkach ponownej ablacji)
  • Typowe trzepotanie przedsionków – dotyka głównie mężczyzn (80%) i może być napadowe lub przetrwałe; stanowi 0,1% wypisów ze szpitali w USA
  • Makroreentry tachykardia przedsionkowa/atypowe trzepotanie przedsionków – w 2009 roku w hiszpańskim rejestrze ablacji cewnikowej odnotowano łącznie 201 zabiegów ablacji tego typu
  • Prawostronna tachykardia przedsionkowa po ablacji migotania przedsionków jest stosunkowo rzadka, a główne jej komponenty stanowią trzepotanie przedsionków zależne od cieśni trójdzielno-żylnej oraz ogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa pochodząca z ujścia żyły głównej górnej

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Te dane podkreślają złożoność epidemiologii tachykardii przedsionkowej i potrzebę dalszych badań w celu lepszego zrozumienia częstości występowania, naturalnego przebiegu i rokowania w różnych podtypach tej arytmii.

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Atrial Tachycardia: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151456-overview
    Atrial tachycardia is relatively rare, constituting 5-15% of all SVTs. Atrial tachycardia has no known racial or ethnic predilection and no known predilection for either sex. There may be some association with pregnancy. […] Atrial tachycardia may occur at any age, although it is more common in children and adults with congenital heart disease. MAT is a relatively infrequent arrhythmia, with a prevalence rate of 0.05-0.32% in patients who are hospitalized. It is predominantly observed in males and in older patients in particular, elderly patients with multiple medical problems. The average age of patients from 9 studies was 72 years.
  • #1 Atrial Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542235/
    The prevalence of focal atrial tachycardia is not well known. A European study of young males applying for pilot licenses demonstrated that 0.34% had symptomatic atrial tachycardia and 0.46% had symptomatic atrial tachycardia.[3] A study noted 10 to 15% of patients presenting for supraventricular tachycardia ablation had atrial tachycardia.[4] […] Overall prognosis depends on conditions precipitating this arrhythmia. However, if atrial tachycardia persists, it can lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathies over time.[14] If there is a concern for a high burden of tachyarrhythmias, patients should undergo monitoring as an outpatient with a Holter monitor or outpatient/mobile telemetry. Medications should be adjusted as described above.
  • #1 Atrial Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21800-atrial-tachycardia
    Atrial tachycardia is fairly common, and it becomes more common as people get older. There are about 90,000 new cases of paroxysmal (short-lived) atrial tachycardia per year in the U.S. […] Atrial tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia an irregular heart rhythm that causes the upper chambers (atria) of your heart to beat faster than normal. […] Atrial tachycardia is often curable or manageable with medication. […] Depending on the type, atrial tachycardia is often curable. […] Atrial tachycardia is unpredictable and isnt preventable. However, its possible to reduce your risk of developing it by avoiding potential triggers. […] Fortunately, there are many different ways to treat atrial tachycardia. Some treatments can cure it completely.
  • #1 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/
    Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Unifocal atrial tachycardia may respond to medication; ablation with 3-dimensional mapping technology is frequently successful. […] Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.
  • #1 Clinical Approach to Atrial Tachycardia and Atrial Flutter From an Understanding of the Mechanisms. Electrophysiology Based on Anatomy – Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition)
    https://www.revespcardiol.org/en-clinical-approach-atrial-tachycardia-atrial-articulo-S1885585712000138
    In 2009, 2343 catheter ablation procedures were performed in Spain for focal atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter (typical and atypical), with a yearly growth rate of 8%, indicating the clinical importance of these arrhythmias. […] In 2009, a total of 8546 ablation procedures were recorded in Spain; 283 of these were for FAT. […] Typical AF preferentially affects men (80%) and may be paroxysmal or persistent. […] In 2009, the Spanish Catheter Ablation Registry recorded a total of 201 macroreentrant atrial tachycardia/atypical ablation atrial flutter procedures.
  • #1 Focal Atrial Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/focal-atrial-tachycardia/
    Focal atrial ectopy and nonsustained AT are frequently observed on Holter recordings and are seldom associated with symptoms. Sustained focal ATs are relatively infrequent; they are diagnosed in approximately 5% to 15% of patients referred for catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] However, ATs comprise a progressively greater proportion of paroxysmal SVTs with increasing age, accounting for 23% in patients older than 70 years. Age-related changes in the atrial EP substrate, including cellular coupling and autonomic influences, likely contribute to the increased incidence of AT in older individuals. […] In adults, focal ATs can occur in the absence of structural heart disease. Nevertheless, the incidence of associated structural heart disease is higher in patients with focal AT than those with other types of paroxysmal SVT. […] The long-term prognosis in patients with focal AT is generally benign, except for those with incessant ATs, which can precipitate tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
  • #1 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia: Overview of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Pathophysiology of MAT, Etiology of MAT
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155825-overview
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a relatively infrequent arrhythmia, with a prevalence rate of 0.05-0.32% in patients who are hospitalized. It is predominantly observed in males and in older patients in particular, elderly patients with multiple medical problems. The average age of patients from 9 studies was 72 years. […] Patients with MAT frequently have significant comorbidities, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure, and are often treated in ICUs. Consequently, a high mortality rate (ie, up to 45%) is associated with this arrhythmia, although it is not a direct consequence of the rhythm abnormality. […] MAT is seldom life threatening. The overall clinical picture and symptoms improve when the underlying condition is addressed and MAT is controlled. Morbidity is difficult to quantify because the underlying disease is the primary determinant of complications.
  • #1 Multifocal atrial tachycardia – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a relatively uncommon arrhythmia with low incidence. […] It is seen only in 0.05% to 0.32% of electrocardiograms in general hospital admissions. […] The average age of patients affected by MAT is approximately 70 years. […] Prevalence of pulmonary disease in MAT has been well established in adult MAT patients with up to 60% of the adult patients having a coexisting pulmonary disease, particularly those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. […] MAT is a relatively rare condition with clinical features not well established in pediatric ages. […] It accounts for less than 1% of supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children and is reported to affect 20% of the pediatric patients. […] Multifocal atrial tachycardia though rare in neonates, can be diagnosed prenatally by cardiotocography. […] MAT is difficult to treat in infancy but it resolves frequently and spontaneously within the first year of life.
  • #1 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://patient.info/doctor/supraventricular-tachycardia-in-adults
    How common is supraventricular tachycardia? (Epidemiology) The prevalence of SVT is 2.25/1,000 persons and the incidence is 35/100,000 person-years. […] Women have a two times greater risk of developing SVT than men. […] People aged over 65 years have more than five times the risk of developing SVT than younger individuals. […] In a paediatric cohort study of almost 2 million live births between 2000 and 2008, 2,021 patients (51.6% male, overall incidence 1.03/1000) had SVT (Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome accounted for 16.2%). By the age of 15 years, the annual risk of sudden death was 0.01% per patient-year. […] In the general population, the prevalence of a WPW pattern on ECG ranges from 0.15-0.25%, increasing to 0.55% among first-degree relatives of affected patients. However, not all patients develop SVT and intermittent pre-excitation is not rare.
  • #1 Atrial tachycardia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20573298
    Atrial tachycardia is common. It may happen in people who have had heart surgery or who are pregnant. Infections, stimulant medicines or alcohol use may trigger it. […] Atrial tachycardia risk factors include: Heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disease and other heart diseases. Heart failure. Heart condition present at birth, called a congenital heart defect. Previous heart surgery. Sleep apnea. Thyroid disease. Lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diabetes. Some medicines, including those used to treat asthma, allergies and colds. […] Other things that may increase the risk of atrial tachycardia include: Emotional stress. Too much caffeine. Heavy alcohol use, defined as more than 15 drinks a week for men and eight or more drinks a week for women. Smoking and nicotine use. Stimulant drugs, including cocaine and methamphetamine.
  • #1 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24009-multifocal-atrial-tachycardia
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm that usually affects people with lung disease. […] This is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm. Less than 1% of all arrhythmias are this type. […] About half of people who have MAT develop atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Adults with an average age of 70 usually get this condition. However, it can affect children as well. Generally, people are acutely ill when they have MAT. […] Most people (60% to 85%) who have multifocal atrial tachycardia have lung disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the most common issue connected to this type of abnormal heart rhythm. […] Your prognosis depends on the condition that caused your multifocal atrial tachycardia. Because these conditions can be severe, 30% to 60% of people with multifocal atrial tachycardia die during their hospital stay. The conditions that cause the tachycardia (not the abnormal rhythm itself) can be fatal.
  • #1 Atrial tachycardias – AF-ABLATION
    https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/atrial-tachycardia/
    Atrial tachycardia is an infrequent condition and accounts for 5-15% of all supraventricular tachycardias, and it is more frequent in patients with congenital heart disease or in post-surgical patients. […] In structurally healthy hearts, this arrhythmia usually has a good prognosis. When tachycardia is persistent or incessant, it can lead to myopathy, and consequently to ventricular dilation and a reduction in the ejection fraction. Patients with underlying heart disease or with pneumological concerns generally can tolerate tachycardia less. […] Atrial tachycardia can affect both individuals with a structurally healthy heart and patients with underlying heart conditions. Rebound atrial tachycardia tends to affect patients with structural heart disease, including valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and post-surgical heart disease.
  • #1 Ablation of Focal Atrial Tachycardia from a Large Left Atrial Diverticulum Using 3D Printing | Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular J
    https://journal.houstonmethodist.org/articles/10.14797/mdcvj.1429
    We present a case of a 45-year-old male with symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. […] A study of cardiac CT showed the prevalence of left atrial diverticula, left atrial pouch, and left atrial accessory appendage of 28.4%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. […] Arrhythmias are common in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), affecting 15% of patients with this condition. […] Atrial arrhythmia involving atrial diverticula is exceedingly rare, with only a few reports of catheter ablation of right atrial diverticulum-related accessory pathways and left atrial diverticulum related macrorentrant AT. […] Focal atrial tachycardia is less common than IART in ACHD but has a higher success rate with catheter ablation. […] 3D printing has been increasingly used in the medical field, mainly involving surgical procedures.
  • #1 Focal atrial tachycardia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/182
    Focal atrial tachycardia occurs in the settings of structurally normal heart, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac surgery, catecholamine ingestion, digoxin toxicity, and alcohol dependency. […] Focal atrial tachycardia (focal AT) is characterised as a rapid regular rhythm arising from a discrete area within the atria. It occurs in a wide range of clinical conditions, including catecholamine excess, digoxin toxicity, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. […] The diagnosis of focal AT is usually based on ECG, clinical history, and response to interventions such as vagal manoeuvres and adenosine. […] Risk factors include substance misuse (alcohol ingestion/withdrawal, cocaine, amphetamines), digoxin toxicity, previous cardiac surgery to correct congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, exacerbation of chronic lung disease, and theophylline.
  • #1 Nonsustained atrial tachycardia in 24-hour Holter monitoring: a potential cardiac source of embolism in acute ischemic stroke
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/89876/html
    Whether nonsustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) has a causative role similar to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in ischemic stroke is unclear. […] The patients with NSAT had a significantly higher proportion of imaging findings suggestive of cerebral embolism compared with patients without NSAT (27% vs. 14%, P0.001). […] The embolic pattern of acute ischemic stroke in patients with NSAT was frequently observed and shared clinical characteristics of AF rather than those of atherosclerosis. […] As NSAT may be a potential source of cardiac embolism, we suggest a more intensive search for modifiable risk factors such as AF in ischemic stroke in patients with NSAT. […] Among the 681 patients, 243 (36%) had documented NSAT on 24-hour Holter monitoring. […] The incidence of imaging findings suggestive of cerebral embolism was also compared between the two groups. The patients with NSAT had a significantly higher proportion of imaging findings suggestive of cerebral embolism than those without NSAT (27% vs. 14%, P0.001).
  • #1 Device-Detected Atrial Tachycardia and Risk of Thromboembolism
    https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/02/03/09/44/device-detected-atrial-tachycardia-and-risk-of-thromboembolism
    Atrial Tachyarrhythmia and Cryptogenic Stroke The association between atrial tachyarrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF) or fast atrial tachycardia (AT), and the risk for cardioembolic stroke has been established. […] Despite many known etiologies and risk factors of CVAs and TIAs, as high as one-quarter to just under one-half of all strokes are categorized as cryptogenic, defined as „strokes without cause after extensive investigation.” […] Studies have shown that longer term cardiac monitoring correlates with a higher rate of diagnosis of AF. […] Although an increased risk of TE and AT/AF has been shown in multiple studies, a clear temporal correlation of AT/AF with subsequent risk of CVA or TIA has not yet been elucidated. […] Most recent studies have monitored patients for DDAT and followed-up for a specified period of time to determine TE event risk.
  • #1 Device-Detected Atrial Tachycardia and Risk of Thromboembolism
    https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/02/03/09/44/device-detected-atrial-tachycardia-and-risk-of-thromboembolism
    The lack of association between AT/AF episode timing and TE event has challenged our understanding of the mechanism of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with AT/AF. […] While it is clear there that: (1) underlying AT/AF, even when subclinical or silent, is associated with increased risk of TE, and (2) longer-term cardiac monitoring increases the rate of diagnosis of AT/AF; it is not known whether the initiation of anticoagulation based on device-detected AT/AF modifies the risk of subsequent TE. […] The clinical significance of DDAT as it relates to risk of TE and indication for anti-coagulation is not fully elucidated. […] Therefore, we recommend using CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores to determine need for AC in patients DDAT detected. […] DDAT is a valuable tool in the real-time detection of clinically silent atrial arrhythmias. The presence of DDAT has clearly been shown to be associated with an increased risk of stroke and other TE, although a causal association has not yet been elucidated.
  • #1 Epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill: a systematic review | Journal of Intensive Care | Full Text
    https://jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40560-015-0085-4
    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in the ICU. The aim of this review is to summarize relevant information on new-onset AF in non-cardiac critical illness with respect to epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. […] The incidence of new-onset AF varied from 4.5% to 15.0%, excluding exceptional cases (e.g., septic shock). […] New-onset AF occurred in 5%15% of the non-cardiac critically ill patients. Patients with new-onset AF had poor outcomes compared with those without AF. Despite the high incidence of new-onset AF in the general ICU population, currently available information for AF, especially for management (prevention, treatment, and anticoagulation), is quite limited. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of new-onset AF in critically ill patients. […] Information on AF occurring in general critically ill populations is limited.
  • #1 Prevalence and Characteristics of Atrial Tachycardia From Noncoronary Aortic Cusp During Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation
    https://e-kcj.org/search.php?where=aview&id=10.4070/kcj.2021.0388&code=0054KCJ&vmode=PUBREADER
    The prevalence of the uncommon atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the non-coronary cusp (NCC) in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation were overall 0.08% (0.07% in initial AF ablation cases, and 0.15% in redo cases). […] Uncommon NCC ATs (0.08% in AF ablation cases) uncovered after PVI, showing different characteristics compared to de-novo NCC ATs, should be suspected irrespective of P-wave morphologies when AT shows broad propagation from the anterior interatrial septum. […] Based on this multicenter retrospective registry study, we reported the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the uncommon ATs from the NCC (0.08%) uncovered during AF catheter ablation. […] The AF recurrence rate (1 of 8, 12.5%) after PVI and NCC AT ablation was low without significant procedure related complication.
  • #2 Electrocardiogram Recognition and Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia | ECR Journal
    https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/electrocardiogram-recognition-and-ablation-atrial-tachycardia?language_content_entity=en
    Focal atrial tachycardia (AT) is a relatively uncommon cause of supraventricular tachycardia, but when present is frequently difficult to treat medically. […] Focal atrial tachycardia (AT) is the least common type of supraventricular tachycardia, accounting for 5-15% of cases presenting to the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory for ablation. […] With the advent of radiofrequency (RF) ablation this type of tachycardia can be treated with high long-term success. […] Studies evaluating mechanism of focal AT have demonstrated electrophysiological characteristics reflecting abnormal automaticity, triggered activity and micro-re-entry in different patients. […] Focal AT demonstrates a characteristic anatomical distribution and does not occur randomly throughout the atria. […] The most commonly used technique to locate AT focus is endocardial activation mapping.
  • #2 Atrial tachycardia – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_tachycardia
    A European study of young males applying for pilot licenses demonstrated that 0.34% had asymptomatic atrial tachycardia and 0.46% had symptomatic atrial tachycardia.
  • #2 Atrial Tachycardia Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes
    https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/electrophysiology-arrhythmia-services/conditions-treatments/atrial-tachycardia
    Atrial tachycardia is rare, constituting 5-15% of all SVTs. […] Atrial tachycardia has no bias towards any ethnic origins or gender. It might have some relation with pregnancy. […] Atrial tachycardia may occur at any age, although it is more common in children and adults with congenital heart disease. […] Hospitalised patients have a prevalence rate of 0.05-0.32%. […] It is predominantly observed in males and older patients. […] The average age of patients is above 70 years.
  • #2 Multifocal atrial tachycardia – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a relatively uncommon arrhythmia with low incidence. […] It is seen only in 0.05% to 0.32% of electrocardiograms in general hospital admissions. […] The average age of patients affected by MAT is approximately 70 years. […] Prevalence of pulmonary disease in MAT has been well established in adult MAT patients with up to 60% of the adult patients having a coexisting pulmonary disease, particularly those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. […] MAT is a relatively rare condition with clinical features not well established in pediatric ages. […] It accounts for less than 1% of supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children and is reported to affect 20% of the pediatric patients. […] Multifocal atrial tachycardia though rare in neonates, can be diagnosed prenatally by cardiotocography. […] MAT is difficult to treat in infancy but it resolves frequently and spontaneously within the first year of life.
  • #2 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/
    Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. It is one type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a term referring to a group of arrhythmias that originate above the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and that generally begin and end abruptly. Collectively, the PSVTs are thought to affect 36 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States. Women are at twice the risk of PSVT compared to men, while older people face a fivefold risk compared with younger people. Of all PSVTs, atrial tachycardia is the least common, accounting for approximately 1 in 10 cases. Among patients referred for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation, focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is present in 3% to 17%. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure. The prognosis of MAT will relate in large part to underlying lung disease. Treatment for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs and/or catheter ablation of the abnormal focus or foci. Unifocal atrial tachycardia may respond to medication; ablation with 3-dimensional mapping technology is frequently successful. […] Collectively, the SVTs are thought to be a common reason patients visit a primary care provider or emergency department. However, these arrhythmias seldom result in inpatient admission.
  • #2 Focal atrial tachycardia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/182
    Focal atrial tachycardia occurs in the settings of structurally normal heart, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac surgery, catecholamine ingestion, digoxin toxicity, and alcohol dependency. […] Focal atrial tachycardia (focal AT) is characterised as a rapid regular rhythm arising from a discrete area within the atria. It occurs in a wide range of clinical conditions, including catecholamine excess, digoxin toxicity, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. […] The diagnosis of focal AT is usually based on ECG, clinical history, and response to interventions such as vagal manoeuvres and adenosine. […] Risk factors include substance misuse (alcohol ingestion/withdrawal, cocaine, amphetamines), digoxin toxicity, previous cardiac surgery to correct congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, exacerbation of chronic lung disease, and theophylline.
  • #2
    https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/120018/multifocal-atrial-tachycardia
    Epidemiology […] Risk factors […] chronic lung disease […] […] […] Etiology […] Decompensated chronic lung disease […] chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common underlying illness […] […] […] Prognosis […] Mortality is high but often due to multiple medical comorbidities in these patients rather than from MAT itself
  • #2 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Treatment – Cancer Therapy Advisor
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/cardiology/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    Atrial tachycardias are the least frequent form of supraventricular tachycardias in the general population. […] Atrial tachycardias, excluding atrial flutter, are thought to represent about 5% to 15% of sustained supraventricular tachycardias in the adult, and are more frequent in the pediatric population. […] Atrial tachycardias become more prevalent with age at the expense of a higher representation of macro-reentrant atrial tachycardias in the older population, while focal atrial tachycardias become rather rare.
  • #2 Focal Atrial Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/focal-atrial-tachycardia/
    Focal atrial ectopy and nonsustained AT are frequently observed on Holter recordings and are seldom associated with symptoms. Sustained focal ATs are relatively infrequent; they are diagnosed in approximately 5% to 15% of patients referred for catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] However, ATs comprise a progressively greater proportion of paroxysmal SVTs with increasing age, accounting for 23% in patients older than 70 years. Age-related changes in the atrial EP substrate, including cellular coupling and autonomic influences, likely contribute to the increased incidence of AT in older individuals. […] In adults, focal ATs can occur in the absence of structural heart disease. Nevertheless, the incidence of associated structural heart disease is higher in patients with focal AT than those with other types of paroxysmal SVT. […] The long-term prognosis in patients with focal AT is generally benign, except for those with incessant ATs, which can precipitate tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
  • #2 Epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill: a systematic review | Journal of Intensive Care | Full Text
    https://jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40560-015-0085-4
    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in the ICU. The aim of this review is to summarize relevant information on new-onset AF in non-cardiac critical illness with respect to epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. […] The incidence of new-onset AF varied from 4.5% to 15.0%, excluding exceptional cases (e.g., septic shock). […] New-onset AF occurred in 5%15% of the non-cardiac critically ill patients. Patients with new-onset AF had poor outcomes compared with those without AF. Despite the high incidence of new-onset AF in the general ICU population, currently available information for AF, especially for management (prevention, treatment, and anticoagulation), is quite limited. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of new-onset AF in critically ill patients. […] Information on AF occurring in general critically ill populations is limited.
  • #2 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24009-multifocal-atrial-tachycardia
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm that usually affects people with lung disease. […] This is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm. Less than 1% of all arrhythmias are this type. […] About half of people who have MAT develop atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Adults with an average age of 70 usually get this condition. However, it can affect children as well. Generally, people are acutely ill when they have MAT. […] Most people (60% to 85%) who have multifocal atrial tachycardia have lung disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the most common issue connected to this type of abnormal heart rhythm. […] Your prognosis depends on the condition that caused your multifocal atrial tachycardia. Because these conditions can be severe, 30% to 60% of people with multifocal atrial tachycardia die during their hospital stay. The conditions that cause the tachycardia (not the abnormal rhythm itself) can be fatal.
  • #2 Atrial tachycardias – AF-ABLATION
    https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/atrial-tachycardia/
    Atrial tachycardia is an infrequent condition and accounts for 5-15% of all supraventricular tachycardias, and it is more frequent in patients with congenital heart disease or in post-surgical patients. […] In structurally healthy hearts, this arrhythmia usually has a good prognosis. When tachycardia is persistent or incessant, it can lead to myopathy, and consequently to ventricular dilation and a reduction in the ejection fraction. Patients with underlying heart disease or with pneumological concerns generally can tolerate tachycardia less. […] Atrial tachycardia can affect both individuals with a structurally healthy heart and patients with underlying heart conditions. Rebound atrial tachycardia tends to affect patients with structural heart disease, including valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and post-surgical heart disease.
  • #2 Device-Detected Atrial Tachycardia and Risk of Thromboembolism
    https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/02/03/09/44/device-detected-atrial-tachycardia-and-risk-of-thromboembolism
    Atrial Tachyarrhythmia and Cryptogenic Stroke The association between atrial tachyarrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF) or fast atrial tachycardia (AT), and the risk for cardioembolic stroke has been established. […] Despite many known etiologies and risk factors of CVAs and TIAs, as high as one-quarter to just under one-half of all strokes are categorized as cryptogenic, defined as „strokes without cause after extensive investigation.” […] Studies have shown that longer term cardiac monitoring correlates with a higher rate of diagnosis of AF. […] Although an increased risk of TE and AT/AF has been shown in multiple studies, a clear temporal correlation of AT/AF with subsequent risk of CVA or TIA has not yet been elucidated. […] Most recent studies have monitored patients for DDAT and followed-up for a specified period of time to determine TE event risk.
  • #2 Incessant Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia Accompanied by Unusual Neurological Manifestations – Case Report and Literature Review
    https://seriesscience.com/ectopic-atrial-tachycardia/
    Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) accounts for approximately 10% of the overall incidence of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] The prevalence of EAR is 1.13% and increases with age. […] A retrospective study conducted by Poutiainen et al. showed that 0.34% of asymptomatic young subjects and 0.46% of symptomatic patients had ECG evidence of EAT. […] The relationship between episodic AT and the incidence of stroke is still debatable. […] According to Larsen et al., a total of 678 patients were included in a study with a 15-year follow-up, showing patients with excessive supraventricular ectopic activity (ESVEA) are at greater risk of ischemic stroke. […] It is important to note that the risk of stroke associated with EAT may vary depending on the individual and the specific characteristics of the arrhythmia.
  • #2 Nonsustained atrial tachycardia in 24-hour Holter monitoring: a potential cardiac source of embolism in acute ischemic stroke
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/89876/html
    A major finding of this study is that patients with acute ischemic stroke and NSAT had a higher proportion of embolic imaging patterns than those without NSAT. […] Moreover, NSAT was independently associated with such imaging findings. […] In conclusion, NSAT was significantly associated with embolic patterns in acute ischemic stroke patients. Moreover, NSAT was an independent risk factor for embolic stroke.
  • #2 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia: Overview of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Pathophysiology of MAT, Etiology of MAT
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155825-overview
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a relatively infrequent arrhythmia, with a prevalence rate of 0.05-0.32% in patients who are hospitalized. It is predominantly observed in males and in older patients in particular, elderly patients with multiple medical problems. The average age of patients from 9 studies was 72 years. […] Patients with MAT frequently have significant comorbidities, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure, and are often treated in ICUs. Consequently, a high mortality rate (ie, up to 45%) is associated with this arrhythmia, although it is not a direct consequence of the rhythm abnormality. […] MAT is seldom life threatening. The overall clinical picture and symptoms improve when the underlying condition is addressed and MAT is controlled. Morbidity is difficult to quantify because the underlying disease is the primary determinant of complications.
  • #2 Electrocardiogram Recognition and Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia | ECR Journal
    https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/electrocardiogram-recognition-and-ablation-atrial-tachycardia?language_content_entity=en
    The introduction of 3-D mapping systems has greatly facilitated the mapping and ablation of focal AT. […] AT ablation series have reported success rates between 69% and 100% with low incidence of complications. […] Recurrence rates are generally low, varying from 0-33%. […] Lower acute success rates have been reported in patients with multiple foci and in older patients with structural heart disease.
  • #2
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10840-023-01482-3
    This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, electrophysiological mechanisms, and long-term outcomes of right atrial tachycardia (AT) in patients who underwent ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Right AT is relatively less common post-AF ablation. The CTI-dependent AFL and the ostium of SVC-derived focal AT constituted the major components of right ATs, suggesting the importance of ablation- and anatomy-related arrhythmogenic effects in the right atrium.
  • #2 Atrial flutter: RF, differential diagnosis, management strategies
    https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-6/Atrial-flutter-RF-differential-diagnosis-management-strategies-Title-Atria
    The overall incidence of atrial flutter is 0,09%, 58% of patients also have atrial fibrillation in their history. Atrial flutter represents 0,1% of hospital discharges in the US, with the mean age at 67 years and male predominance cca 2:1. Case fatality is 1%, mostly related to underlying disease. […] A first occurrence of atrial flutter is in 60% of cases associated with a specific acute precipitating event (major surgery, pneumonia, myocardial infarction). In 38% of cases, atrial flutter is associated with chronic illness (heart failure, lung disease, hypertension). Lone atrial flutter (without any recognisable underlying disease) is rare only 2% of atrial flutter patients.
  • #3 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Treatment – Cancer Therapy Advisor
    https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/cardiology/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis-and-treatment/
    Atrial tachycardias are the least frequent form of supraventricular tachycardias in the general population. […] Atrial tachycardias, excluding atrial flutter, are thought to represent about 5% to 15% of sustained supraventricular tachycardias in the adult, and are more frequent in the pediatric population. […] Atrial tachycardias become more prevalent with age at the expense of a higher representation of macro-reentrant atrial tachycardias in the older population, while focal atrial tachycardias become rather rare.
  • #3 Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia – AF-ABLATION
    https://af-ablation.org/en/arrythmological-procedures-and-therapies/transcatheter-ablation/ablazione-focus-automatici-atriali-eng/
    Atrial tachycardias constitute a heterogeneous group of atrial arrhythmias which differ in their location and pathophysiological mechanism and which, however, represent an uncommon cause of supraventricular arrhythmias. […] It is estimated that 5% of supraventricular arrhythmias in adulthood and 15% of pediatric arrhythmias are attributable to this group of arrhythmias. […] The electrophysiological study is also essential to make a differential diagnosis with other arrhythmias that may resemble atrial tachycardia. […] The mapping systems are therefore a valuable aid for identifying the location and pathophysiological mechanism of atrial tachycardia.
  • #3 Epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill: a systematic review | Journal of Intensive Care | Full Text
    https://jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40560-015-0085-4
    The goal of treatment for AF and atrial flutter might be rhythm conversion to improve cardiac output and preventing thromboembolic events. […] The incidence of new-onset AF was similar, ranging from 5.3% to 7.8% in four studies performed in the surgical ICU. […] In a single study performed in the medical ICU, the incidence of AF was 13.8%. […] When focused on sepsis and severe sepsis, new-onset AF occurred in 5.9% of septic patients, which was similar to that in surgical ICU populations. However, the incidence jumped up to 46.0% in patients with septic shock. […] Severity scores of patients with new-onset AF were reported to be higher than those without new-onset AF in eight studies, in four of which the difference was statistically significant. […] Hospital mortality rates in new-onset AF groups were higher than those of no-AF groups in seven studies, in which four studies found statistical significance.
  • #3 Atrial tachycardias – AF-ABLATION
    https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/atrial-tachycardia/
    Atrial tachycardia is an infrequent condition and accounts for 5-15% of all supraventricular tachycardias, and it is more frequent in patients with congenital heart disease or in post-surgical patients. […] In structurally healthy hearts, this arrhythmia usually has a good prognosis. When tachycardia is persistent or incessant, it can lead to myopathy, and consequently to ventricular dilation and a reduction in the ejection fraction. Patients with underlying heart disease or with pneumological concerns generally can tolerate tachycardia less. […] Atrial tachycardia can affect both individuals with a structurally healthy heart and patients with underlying heart conditions. Rebound atrial tachycardia tends to affect patients with structural heart disease, including valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and post-surgical heart disease.
  • #3 Prevalence and Characteristics of Atrial Tachycardia From Noncoronary Aortic Cusp During Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation
    https://e-kcj.org/search.php?where=aview&id=10.4070/kcj.2021.0388&code=0054KCJ&vmode=PUBREADER
    The prevalence of the uncommon atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the non-coronary cusp (NCC) in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation were overall 0.08% (0.07% in initial AF ablation cases, and 0.15% in redo cases). […] Uncommon NCC ATs (0.08% in AF ablation cases) uncovered after PVI, showing different characteristics compared to de-novo NCC ATs, should be suspected irrespective of P-wave morphologies when AT shows broad propagation from the anterior interatrial septum. […] Based on this multicenter retrospective registry study, we reported the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the uncommon ATs from the NCC (0.08%) uncovered during AF catheter ablation. […] The AF recurrence rate (1 of 8, 12.5%) after PVI and NCC AT ablation was low without significant procedure related complication.
  • #4 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24009-multifocal-atrial-tachycardia
    Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm that usually affects people with lung disease. […] This is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm. Less than 1% of all arrhythmias are this type. […] About half of people who have MAT develop atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Adults with an average age of 70 usually get this condition. However, it can affect children as well. Generally, people are acutely ill when they have MAT. […] Most people (60% to 85%) who have multifocal atrial tachycardia have lung disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the most common issue connected to this type of abnormal heart rhythm. […] Your prognosis depends on the condition that caused your multifocal atrial tachycardia. Because these conditions can be severe, 30% to 60% of people with multifocal atrial tachycardia die during their hospital stay. The conditions that cause the tachycardia (not the abnormal rhythm itself) can be fatal.
  • #4
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10840-023-01482-3
    This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, electrophysiological mechanisms, and long-term outcomes of right atrial tachycardia (AT) in patients who underwent ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Right AT is relatively less common post-AF ablation. The CTI-dependent AFL and the ostium of SVC-derived focal AT constituted the major components of right ATs, suggesting the importance of ablation- and anatomy-related arrhythmogenic effects in the right atrium.

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udar niedokrwienny powikłanie zakrzepowo-zatorowe tachykardia przedsionkowa ablacja nadczynność tarczycy migotanie przedsionków choroba wieńcowa choroba tarczycy kardiomiopatia tachyarytmiczna zator mózgowy przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc wada zastawkowa frakcja wyrzutowa wrodzona wada serca cukrzyca ogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa holter EKG częstoskurcz nadkomorowy bezdech senny trzepotanie przedsionków napadowy częstoskurcz nadkomorowy żyła główna górna wieloogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa cieśń trójdzielno-żylna udar mózgu niewydolność serca