Tachykardia przedsionkowa
Objawy
Tachykardia przedsionkowa (AT) to arytmia charakteryzująca się przyspieszonym rytmem serca pochodzącym z przedsionków, z częstością akcji serca przekraczającą 100 uderzeń na minutę, często mieszczącą się w zakresie 150-200/min, z powrotem do rytmu prawidłowego 60-80/min. Epizody mogą mieć charakter napadowy lub nieustający, a ich objawy obejmują kołatanie serca, zawroty głowy, omdlenia, ból w klatce piersiowej, duszność i osłabienie. U dzieci objawy mogą być mniej specyficzne, obejmując problemy z karmieniem, pocenie się i drażliwość. Przebieg kliniczny zależy od częstości i czasu trwania epizodów oraz obecności chorób współistniejących, a u pacjentów ze strukturalnie zdrowym sercem rokowanie jest zazwyczaj dobre.
Objawy tachykardii przedsionkowej
Tachykardia przedsionkowa (ang. Atrial tachycardia, AT) jest rodzajem zaburzeń rytmu serca (arytmii), charakteryzującym się przyspieszonym rytmem serca pochodzącym z przedsionków. W trakcie epizodu tachykardii przedsionkowej częstość akcji serca przekracza 100 uderzeń na minutę, często osiągając wartości między 150 a 200 uderzeń na minutę, po czym zwykle powraca do prawidłowej częstości 60-80 uderzeń na minutę.12 Epizody mogą rozpoczynać się powoli lub nagle i szybko, a także mogą pojawiać się i ustępować nagle.3
Główne objawy
Głównym objawem tachykardii przedsionkowej jest bardzo szybkie bicie serca. Pacjenci mogą odczuwać różne objawy, których nasilenie zależy od częstości akcji serca oraz od stanu układu sercowo-naczyniowego.4 Do najczęściej zgłaszanych objawów należą:
- Kołatanie serca – uczucie szybkiego, trzepoczącego lub uderzającego serca w klatce piersiowej lub szyi15
- Zawroty głowy i uczucie lekkości w głowie6
- Omdlenia lub uczucie zbliżającego się omdlenia7
- Ból lub dyskomfort w klatce piersiowej8
- Duszność (trudności w oddychaniu)9
- Pocenie się10
- Osłabienie lub skrajne zmęczenie11
- Nudności1
Warto zauważyć, że niektórzy pacjenci z tachykardią przedsionkową mogą nie doświadczać żadnych objawów, a ich arytmia zostaje wykryta przypadkowo podczas rutynowego badania lub oceny z innego powodu.126
Objawy u dzieci
Objawy tachykardii przedsionkowej mogą być trudne do zaobserwowania u niemowląt i małych dzieci. U tej grupy pacjentów można zauważyć:12
- Problemy z karmieniem125
- Pocenie się12
- Drażliwość12
- Zmiany koloru skóry12
- Wymioty5
- Przyspieszony oddech5
Niektóre dzieci mogą mieć trudności z opisywaniem swoich odczuć podczas epizodu tachykardii przedsionkowej. Mogą mieć problemy z dotrzymaniem kroku innym dzieciom lub zauważać, że mają „napady” i chcą usiąść i odpocząć.13
Przebieg tachykardii przedsionkowej
Tachykardia przedsionkowa może przebiegać w różnych formach – od krótkich, sporadycznych epizodów do przewlekłej, nieustającej tachykardii.14 Jej przebieg kliniczny zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od częstości i czasu trwania epizodów, odpowiedzi komór oraz obecności chorób współistniejących.
Charakter epizodów
Tachykardia przedsionkowa może występować jako:15
- Tachykardia napadowa (paroksyzmalna) – epizody pojawiają się i ustępują nagle16
- Tachykardia nieustająca (ustawiczna, incessant) – trwa przez dłuższy czas, jest trudniejsza do kontroli17
- Tachykardia ogniskowa (focal) – rozpoczyna się w jednym miejscu w przedsionku8
- Tachykardia wieloogniskowa (multifocal) – rozpoczyna się w wielu miejscach w przedsionku18
Tachykardia przedsionkowa może stopniowo przyspieszać wkrótce po swoim początku (zjawisko „rozgrzewania”) i stopniowo zwalniać przed zakończeniem (zjawisko „ochładzania”). Jednak pacjent może nie być tego świadomy.15
Czynniki wpływające na przebieg
Nasilenie objawów i przebieg tachykardii przedsionkowej zależą od:19
- Częstości akcji serca – im szybsza, tym większe prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia objawów takich jak zawroty głowy20
- Czasu trwania epizodów – dłuższe epizody mogą prowadzić do bardziej nasilonych objawów10
- Obecności chorób strukturalnych serca – pacjenci z istniejącymi chorobami serca mogą gorzej tolerować tachykardię21
- Wieku pacjenta – u osób starszych występuje większa częstość tachykardii przedsionkowych nawrotnych (macro-reentrant), podczas gdy ogniskowe tachykardie przedsionkowe stają się rzadsze22
U pacjentów ze strukturalnie zdrowym sercem ta arytmia zazwyczaj ma dobre rokowanie. Gdy tachykardia jest przetrwała lub nieustająca, może prowadzić do miopatii, a w konsekwencji do poszerzenia komór i zmniejszenia frakcji wyrzutowej.21
Powikłania i progresja choroby
Chociaż tachykardia przedsionkowa często nie stanowi bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia, nieleczona lub źle kontrolowana może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań, szczególnie gdy epizody są długotrwałe lub częste.23
Kardiomiopatia indukowana tachykardią
Najpoważniejszym długoterminowym powikłaniem tachykardii przedsionkowej jest rozwój kardiomiopatii indukowanej tachykardią. Utrzymujące się długotrwale szybkie rytmy serca mogą prowadzić do osłabienia i uszkodzenia mięśnia sercowego.524 Ten stan charakteryzuje się:
- Osłabieniem mięśnia sercowego i pogorszeniem funkcji serca10
- Objawami niewydolności serca, takimi jak duszność przy wysiłku425
- Zwiększonym obrzękiem kończyn dolnych4
- Bólem w klatce piersiowej4
W przypadku braku leczenia, kardiomiopatia indukowana tachykardią może prowadzić do niewydolności serca i śmierci.5 Jest to szczególnie niebezpieczne, gdy częstość akcji serca pozostaje stale powyżej 100 uderzeń na minutę przez długi czas.10
Przebudowa przedsionków
Długotrwała tachykardia przedsionkowa może powodować niekorzystną przebudowę (remodeling) przedsionków, w tym:1023
- Powiększenie przedsionków10
- Osłabienie mięśnia przedsionków (miopatia)10
- Nieodwracalne zmiany w przedsionkach10
- Zwiększone ryzyko przejścia do migotania przedsionków26
Im dłużej serce pozostaje w tym nieprawidłowym rytmie, tym trudniejsza staje się kontrola arytmii, dlatego istotne jest szybkie korygowanie zaburzeń rytmu lub ich przyczyny.2327
Inne powikłania
Poza kardiomiopatią i przebudową przedsionków, tachykardia przedsionkowa może prowadzić do innych powikłań:28
- Zwiększone ryzyko zakrzepów krwi, które mogą oderwać się i przemieścić do płuc lub mózgu, powodując udar2829
- Osłabienie serca i nieprawidłowe funkcjonowanie28
- Zwiększone ryzyko zawału serca i niewydolności serca28
- Obniżenie jakości życia29
W rzadkich przypadkach, szczególnie u pacjentów z zespołem Wolffa-Parkinsona-White’a, tachykardia nadkomorowa (do której należy tachykardia przedsionkowa) może prowadzić do nagłej śmierci.30
Kiedy należy szukać pomocy medycznej
Chociaż tachykardia przedsionkowa sama w sobie zazwyczaj nie zagraża życiu, niektóre objawy mogą świadczyć o poważnym stanie zdrowia i wymagają natychmiastowej pomocy medycznej.12
Natychmiastowa pomoc medyczna
Należy wezwać pogotowie ratunkowe (numer 999 lub 112) lub niezwłocznie zgłosić się do szpitala, jeśli występuje bardzo szybkie bicie serca, które trwa dłużej niż kilka minut lub gdy szybkiemu biciu serca towarzyszą:1231
W przypadku wystąpienia objawów zatrzymania krążenia, takich jak utrata przytomności i brak pulsu, konieczne jest natychmiastowe rozpoczęcie resuscytacji krążeniowo-oddechowej i wezwanie pomocy.33
Planowa wizyta u lekarza
Należy umówić się na wizytę u lekarza, jeśli:12
- Po raz pierwszy wystąpiło bardzo szybkie bicie serca12
- Nieregularne bicie serca trwa dłużej niż kilka sekund12
- Występują częste epizody kołatania serca34
- Występują niewyjaśnione omdlenia lub uczucie zbliżającego się omdlenia35
Wczesna diagnostyka i leczenie są kluczowe dla zapobiegania długoterminowym powikłaniom tachykardii przedsionkowej, takim jak kardiomiopatia indukowana tachykardią.29
Rokowanie
Rokowanie w tachykardii przedsionkowej zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od typu tachykardii, chorób współistniejących oraz odpowiedzi na leczenie.26
Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie
Do głównych czynników wpływających na rokowanie należą:936
- Typ tachykardii przedsionkowej – jednoogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa jest zazwyczaj łagodna u dorosłych i może nie wymagać leczenia, jeśli nie jest przetrwała9
- Choroby współistniejące – rokowanie zależy od choroby podstawowej; wieloogniskowa tachykardia przedsionkowa często wiąże się z ciężkimi schorzeniami, takimi jak POChP3620
- Czas trwania arytmii – nieustająca tachykardia przedsionkowa może prowadzić do kardiomiopatii i niewydolności serca9
- Strukturalne choroby serca – pacjenci z istniejącymi chorobami serca mogą mieć gorsze rokowanie21
U pacjentów z prawidłową strukturą serca tachykardia przedsionkowa ma zazwyczaj dobre rokowanie, szczególnie gdy jest odpowiednio leczona.26
Odpowiedź na leczenie
Tachykardia przedsionkowa zazwyczaj dobrze odpowiada na leczenie. W większości przypadków kontrola tachykardii przedsionkowej jest możliwa, jeśli stan powodujący szybkie bicie serca jest leczony i kontrolowany.18 Metody leczenia obejmują:3738
- Leki przeciwarytmiczne, które zmieniają sygnały elektryczne w sercu i zapobiegają nieprawidłowym rytmom37
- Ablację przezskórną, która niszczy lub przerywa części szlaków elektrycznych powodujących arytmię37
- Kardiowersję, która przywraca normalny rytm serca39
Wiele pacjentów z ogniskową tachykardią przedsionkową może wymagać lub zdecydować się na ablację, która w przypadku powodzenia leczy pacjenta bez konieczności dalszego przyjmowania leków.38
Regularne monitorowanie i spersonalizowane podejście do leczenia są niezbędne, aby zmniejszyć ryzyko powikłań i poprawić jakość życia pacjentów z tachykardią przedsionkową.26
Kolejne rozdziały
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Materiały źródłowe
- #1 Atrial tachycardia | Altru Health Systemhttps://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia is an irregular heartbeat, called an arrhythmia. It’s a type of supraventricular tachycardia. […] During an atrial tachycardia episode, the heart beats more than 100 times a minute. Then it returns to a heart rate of around 60 to 80 beats a minute. An episode may start slowly, or it may start suddenly and quickly. It can cause a pounding or racing heartbeat, lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting. […] The main symptom of atrial tachycardia is a very fast heartbeat. Typically during atrial tachycardia, the heart beats 150 to 200 times a minute. The fast heartbeat may come and go suddenly, or it can be ongoing. […] Other symptoms of atrial tachycardia may include: Pounding or fluttering feelings in the chest or neck, called palpitations. Chest pain. Fainting or almost fainting. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Shortness of breath. Sweating. Weakness or extreme tiredness. Nausea.
- #2 Atrial tachycardia: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and morehttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia is an arrhythmia with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute that originates in the atria, or two upper chambers, of the heart. […] The main symptom of atrial tachycardia is the sensation that the heart is beating much faster than usual. If a person takes their pulse, they may find their heart is beating more than 100 beats per minute. […] Some other symptoms a person might notice include: feeling dizzy, fainting, feeling out of breath or like they cannot get enough air, feeling panicky or anxious, fatigue, pain or discomfort in the chest. […] However, people with atrial tachycardia may be asymptomatic, which means they do not experience any symptoms. […] In many cases, atrial tachycardia is benign, which means it is not harmful. However, it may be a risk factor and also a symptom of certain heart issues, such as cardiomyopathy.
- #3 Atrial tachycardia | UM Health-Sparrowhttps://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
During an atrial tachycardia episode, the heart beats more than 100 times a minute. Then it returns to a heart rate of around 60 to 80 beats a minute. An episode may start slowly, or it may start suddenly and quickly. It can cause a pounding or racing heartbeat, lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting. […] The main symptom of atrial tachycardia is a very fast heartbeat. Typically during atrial tachycardia, the heart beats 150 to 200 times a minute. The fast heartbeat may come and go suddenly, or it can be ongoing. […] Other symptoms of atrial tachycardia may include: Pounding or fluttering feelings in the chest or neck, called palpitations. Chest pain. Fainting or almost fainting. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Shortness of breath. Sweating. Weakness or extreme tiredness. Nausea. […] Some people with atrial tachycardia do not notice symptoms.
- #4 Atrial Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542235/
Atrial tachycardia can produce symptoms such as palpitations, lightheadedness, and pre-syncope, which can understandably generate anxiety. It is therefore essential to convey to patients that although atrial tachycardia can be bothersome, it is not a lethal arrhythmia. […] Patients with atrial tachycardia may complain of palpitations or sensations of fast heart rate, lightheadedness, chest pain or pressure, or shortness of breath. Symptom intensity will be related to the rate as well as the patients cardiovascular status. The patient may complain of irregular heart rate if the patients tachycardia is sufficient to produce an intermittent AV block. […] Persistent focal atrial tachycardia can result in cardiomyopathy, which may lead to symptoms of dyspnea with exertion, increased lower extremity edema, and chest pain. Although the clinical course is typically benign, there is some risk of sudden cardiac death. […] Overall prognosis depends on conditions precipitating this arrhythmia. However, if atrial tachycardia persists, it can lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathies over time.
- #5 Atrial Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21800-atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia can happen without symptoms, especially when it happens only for short periods. When it does cause symptoms in adults, they commonly include: Heart palpitations. Dizziness and lightheadedness. Fainting or passing out. Chest pain (angina). Shortness of breath. […] Infants and children can have these atrial tachycardia symptoms: Vomiting. Feeding problems. Rapid breathing. […] For most people, this condition only happens for short periods. Its not dangerous when its short-lived, and you shouldnt experience any long-term problems from it. However, when it happens for long periods, it can cause problems if you wait too long to get medical care. […] When atrial tachycardia only lasts for short periods, its not considered dangerous. However, when you have sustained atrial tachycardia or if youre in atrial tachycardia a lot of the time, it can cause a problem called cardiomyopathy, which can weaken and damage your heart. If cardiomyopathy isnt treated, it can lead to heart failure and death.
- #6 Atrial Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatmenthttps://www.healthline.com/health/atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia is an abnormal heart rhythm where the top chambers in your heart beat quicker than usual. During an atrial tachycardia episode, your heart rate may exceed 100 beats per minute (bpm). […] Atrial tachycardia often affects people whove had heart surgery and those who were born with heart defects. It usually doesnt cause symptoms or complications, but it can increase your risk of developing a heart condition called cardiomyopathy. […] Some people with atrial tachycardia dont have symptoms. A doctor may discover the arrhythmia when monitoring your heart rate for unrelated reasons. […] If symptoms do appear, they can include: chest pain, lightheadedness, dizziness, faintness, heart palpitations, or short periods of heart fluttering or pounding, a noticeably fast heart rate.
- #7 Atrial Tachycardia | Columbia Surgeryhttps://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/atrial-tachycardia
Some people with atrial fibrillation do not feel anything different. Others notice an abnormal feeling right away. If you have atrial fibrillation, you may feel a racing, uncomfortable, irregular heartbeat and a 'flopping’ in your chest. Dizziness, sweating, and chest pain or pressure can also occur. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, overall weakness, and the inability to exercise. […] Atrial tachycardia can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, weakness, dizziness, and fainting.
- #8 Focal atrial tachycardia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice UShttps://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/182
Focal atrial tachycardia occurs in the settings of structurally normal heart, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac surgery, catecholamine ingestion, digoxin toxicity, and alcohol dependency. […] Symptoms and signs include palpitations, fatigue, presyncope/syncope, chest pain, and dyspnea. […] For sustained focal atrial tachycardia, cardiology consultation, class Ic or III antiarrhythmic agents, and ablative therapy are appropriate.
- #9 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis – The Cardiology Advisorhttps://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis/
Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute due to an electrical signal in the atria. […] Symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia commonly include palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, and/or lightheadedness. Syncope is less common, while sudden cardiac death may rarely occur. […] Patients with incessant atrial tachycardia resulting in cardiomyopathy may report heart failure symptoms such as progressive exertional dyspnea. […] Prognosis depends on the underlying cause. Unifocal atrial tachycardia is usually benign in adults and may not require treatment if it is not sustained. On the other hand, incessant atrial tachycardia can contribute directly to tachycardic cardiomyopathy and reversible heart failure.
- #10 Atrial Tachycardiahttps://www.washingtonhra.com/arrhythmias/atrial-tachycardia.php
Atrial tachycardia occurs when a portion of the atrial tissue speeds up and overtakes the normal sinus node as the pacemaker site of the heart. The symptoms of atrial tachycardia are similar to other SVTs, with palpitation, lightheadness, dizziness, shortness of breath, reduced exercise capacity, weakness, fatigue, chest discomfort, and sweating episodes. […] Atrial tachycardia, as an isolated rhythm disturbance, is not considered a life-threatening condition. Some patients are able to control their episodes with life-style modification. […] Prolonged episodes (typically man months or years) of continuous atrial tachycardia can be problematic. Atrial tachycardia can cause irreversible changes to the atria, including negative remodeling with atrial enlargement and weakness (myopathy). […] Long-lasting atrial tachycardia with continuously rapid ventricular rates (heart rates typically greater than 100 beats per minute) may cause a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (weakening of ventricular muscle and heart function) and symptoms of congestive heart failure.
- #11 Supraventricular tachycardia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355243
The main symptom of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a very fast heartbeat that may last for a few minutes to a few days. The heart beats 100 or more times a minute. Usually during SVT, the heart beats 150 to 220 times a minute. The fast heartbeat may come and go suddenly. […] Symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia may include: Pounding or fluttering feelings in the chest, called palpitations. A pounding sensation in the neck. Chest pain. Fainting or almost fainting. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Shortness of breath. Sweating. Weakness or extreme tiredness. […] Some people with SVT do not notice symptoms. […] In infants and very young children, symptoms of SVT may be vague. The symptoms can include sweating, poor feeding, a change in skin color and a rapid pulse. If your infant or young child has any of these symptoms, talk with a healthcare professional.
- #12 Atrial tachycardia | Altru Health Systemhttps://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
Some people with atrial tachycardia do not notice symptoms. […] Atrial tachycardia symptoms may be hard to see in infants and young children. Symptoms of atrial tachycardia in children can include: Poor feeding. Sweating. Irritability. Changes in skin color. […] Symptoms of atrial tachycardia may be related to a serious health condition. Call 911 or your local emergency number if you have a very fast heartbeat that lasts for more than a few minutes or if a fast heartbeat occurs with these symptoms: Chest pain. Dizziness. Shortness of breath. Weakness. […] Make an appointment for a healthcare checkup if you have: A very fast heartbeat for the first time. An irregular heartbeat that lasts longer than a few seconds.
- #13 Atrial Tachycardia | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitalshttps://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
In patients with atrial tachycardia, the heart’s electrical impulse comes from somewhere in the heart’s upper chambers, called the atria, other than the sino-atrial (SA) node. […] Atrial tachycardia may cause the following symptoms: Chest pressure or pain, Fainting, also known as syncope, or near-syncope, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Palpitations, which can be skipping, fluttering or pounding in the chest, Shortness of breath. […] It is important to note that some children may not know how to describe what they are feeling during a period of atrial tachycardia. They may have trouble keeping up with other children or realize they are having „spells” and want to sit down and rest. Sometimes, a child does not experience any symptoms at all.
- #14 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Treatment – Dermatology Advisorhttps://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/cardiology/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis-and-treatment/
The clinical presentation of this arrhythmia varies significantly from short, rather sporadic, paroxysmal runs to incessant tachycardia. […] A definitive diagnosis of an atrial tachycardia may be only possible through specific clinical or electrophysiologic features of the arrhythmia requiring electrocardiography and sometimes even intracardiac recordings. […] A rare but potentially fatal presentation is tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy with the constellation of symptoms caused by progressive systolic heart failure including edema, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea with documented depressed left ventricular systolic function in the setting of persistent tachycardia. […] Key symptoms: palpitations, chest discomfort, dyspnea at rest or exertion, dizziness, fatigue, near syncope, rarely syncope or could be asymptomatic.
- #15 Atrial Tachycardia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examinationhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151456-clinical
Focal atrial tachycardia is usually episodic or paroxysmal. Typically, atrial tachycardia manifests as a sudden onset of palpitations. Atrial tachycardia due to enhanced automaticity may be nonsustained but repetitive or it may be continuous or sustained, as in reentrant forms of atrial tachycardia. […] Atrial tachycardia may gradually speed up soon after its onset („warm-up” phenomenon) and gradually slows down before termination („cool-off” phenomenon). However, the patient may be unaware of this. In a patient with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the presence of warm-up phenomenon on an electrocardiogram (eg, on Holter monitoring) suggests that the SVT is atrial tachycardia. […] If the tachycardic episodes are accompanied by palpitations, patients also may report dyspnea, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, or chest pressure. In patients with frequent or incessant tachycardias, a decline in effort tolerance and symptoms of heart failure may represent early manifestations of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
- #16 Understanding Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT)https://www.healthline.com/health/paroxysmal-atrial-tachycardia
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) is a form of arrhythmia in which an abnormally fast heartbeat starts and ends abruptly from your hearts upper chambers. […] Symptoms of PAT may start and end abruptly. Symptoms may include: dizziness, fatigue, fainting, anxiety, heart palpitations, shortness of breath (dyspnea), chest pain, lightheadedness, feeling faint (presyncope). […] At very high heart rates, your heart may not have enough time to fill with blood before pumping it out to the rest of the body. This can result in symptoms like lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting. […] In general, paroxysmal tachycardia is not life threatening. However, if it persists, it can result in life threatening complications such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke. […] Treatment for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia may include medications like beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, cardioversion, and catheter ablation procedures. […] PAT is a condition where you experience episodes of fast, abnormal heartbeats. […] PAT is not a life threatening condition, but the periods of sudden rapid heartbeat may be uncomfortable and scary.
- #17 Focal Atrial Tachycardia (FAT) • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosishttps://litfl.com/atrial-tachycardia-ecg-library/
Focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) is a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) originating from a single ectopic focus within the atria but outside of the sinus node. […] FAT, atrial flutter and multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) are all forms of atrial tachycardia. […] Management of the three types varies and thus distinguishing between them is clinically important. […] May be paroxysmal or sustained. […] Sustained atrial tachycardia may rarely be seen and can progress to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
- #18 HIE Multimedia – Multifocal atrial tachycardiahttps://ssl.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&isarticlelink=false&pid=1&gid=000186&site=beaumont.adam.com&login=BEAU5332
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a rapid heart rate. It occurs when too many signals (electrical impulses) are sent from the upper heart (atria) to the lower heart (ventricles). […] In MAT, many locations in the atria fire signals at the same time. Too many signals lead to a rapid heart rate. It most often ranges from 100 to 130 beats per minute or more in adults. The rapid heart rate may cause the heart to work too hard and not move blood efficiently. If the heartbeat is very fast, there is less time for the heart chamber to fill with blood between beats. Therefore, not enough blood is pumped to the brain and the rest of the body with each contraction. […] Some people may have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include: Chest tightness, Fainting, Lightheadedness, Sensation of feeling the heart is beating irregularly or too fast (palpitations), Shortness of breath, Weight loss and failure to thrive in infants. […] Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Breathing difficulty when lying down, Dizziness. […] MAT can be controlled if the condition that causes the rapid heartbeat is treated and controlled.
- #19 Atrial Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatmenthttps://angolodeldottorino.it/Eng/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrial-tachycardia.php
Atrial tachycardia is a heart rhythm disorder characterized by an increased heart rate originating from an ectopic atrial focus, distinct from the sinoatrial node. This condition can manifest in a paroxysmal form, with self-limiting episodes, or a persistent form, lasting for prolonged periods. Its clinical relevance depends on the frequency and duration of the episodes, the presence of underlying heart disease, and the ventricular response. […] Clinically, atrial tachycardia may present with varying degrees of severity depending on heart rate, episode duration, and ventricular response. In otherwise healthy individuals, it may be asymptomatic or associated with mild symptoms, whereas in patients with heart disease, it can cause hemodynamic instability. […] The most common symptoms include palpitations, dyspnea, dizziness and presyncope, chest pain, and fatigue and exercise intolerance. In severe cases, atrial tachycardia may contribute to the onset of heart failure, especially if the ventricular response is excessively high and not adequately controlled.
- #20 Atrial Tachycardia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examinationhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151456-clinical
Lightheadedness may result from relative hypotension, depending on the heart rate and other factors, such as the state of hydration and particularly the presence of structural heart disease. The faster the heart rate, the more likely a patient is to feel lightheaded. A rapid rate and severe hypotension may lead to syncope. […] Reentrant atrial tachycardia is not uncommon in patients with a history of a surgically repaired atrial septal defect. The scar tissue in the atrium may give rise to the formation of a reentrant circuit. […] In patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), the history may disclose an underlying illness that is causing the tachycardia. Such illnesses include pulmonary, cardiac, metabolic, and endocrinopathic disorders. […] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common underlying disease process (60%). The arrhythmia is commonly precipitated by exacerbation of COPD, sometimes due to infection or exacerbation of heart failure. Increasing hypoxemia with respiratory acidosis and advanced disease also leads to increased bronchodilator usage, thereby increasing catecholamine levels, which may contribute to development of MAT.
- #21 Atrial tachycardias – AF-ABLATIONhttps://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/atrial-tachycardia/
Patients may experience palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, or reduced exercise tolerance. Some patients, even children, with incessant atrial tachycardia may develop tachycardiomyopathy and consequently congestive heart failure. […] In structurally healthy hearts, this arrhythmia usually has a good prognosis. When tachycardia is persistent or incessant, it can lead to myopathy, and consequently to ventricular dilation and a reduction in the ejection fraction. Patients with underlying heart disease or with pneumological concerns generally can tolerate tachycardia less.
- #22 Atrial Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Treatment – Dermatology Advisorhttps://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/cardiology/atrial-tachycardia-diagnosis-and-treatment/
Both can lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy when incessant over periods of several weeks or months. […] Macro-reentrant atrial tachycardias could resemble typical cavo-tricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter and are frequently persistent although they could be paroxysmal as well. […] Atrial tachycardias become more prevalent with age at the expense of a higher representation of macro-reentrant atrial tachycardias in the older population, while focal atrial tachycardias become rather rare. […] Incessant atrial tachycardias may be misinterpreted as sinus tachycardia. When incessant atrial tachycardias are not recognized could progress to the development of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure. […] After termination of the tachycardia in the acute setting, the patient must be educated regarding the recurrent nature of the arrhythmia, and therapy to prevent recurrence should be considered.
- #23 Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538317/
Atrial tachycardia is a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) usually seen in patients with structural heart abnormalities but also seen in patients with structurally normal hearts. […] Heart rates are highly variable in atrial tachycardia producing a rate usually between 100-250. The rhythms of atrial tachycardias are commonly regular, but irregular variants can be seen. […] Patients with atrial tachycardia can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. If asymptomatic, the patients arrhythmia will be found incidentally on an EKG or any rhythm recorder. Patients who present symptomatically may complain of dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea, lightheadedness or chest pain. […] Atrial tachycardia is not considered a life-threatening condition. […] Prolonged states of atrial tachycardia can cause long term effects on the heart such as cardiac remodeling. Atrial tachycardia typically is more difficult to control the more prolonged time the heart stays in the arrhythmia, so it is essential to correct the arrhythmia or underlying issue as quickly as possible.
- #24 Atrial tachycardia: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and morehttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/atrial-tachycardia
Over time, atrial tachycardia may damage the heart. This can cause cardiomyopathy, which is a disease that weakens a person’s heart muscle. […] Atrial tachycardia is an arrhythmia with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute that originates in the atria of a person’s heart. In many cases, atrial tachycardia is a benign condition, but it may lead to cardiomyopathy over time.
- #25 Atrial Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatmenthttps://www.healthline.com/health/atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia may result from an underlying condition in some people. For example, multifocal atrial tachycardia is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in about 60% of cases. […] Atrial tachycardia may not result in complications or affect your survival. However, it can indicate an underlying health condition that might need treatment, like COPD or coronary artery disease. […] Persistent atrial tachycardia can lead to cardiomyopathy, which is a condition characterized by problems with the muscle tissue in your heart. It can lead to symptoms such as: shortness of breath with exertion, increased lower body swelling, chest pain. […] Atrial tachycardia is a rapid heart rate that originates in the upper chambers of your heart. It may not cause any symptoms, or it might cause a noticeably rapid heart rate and chest pain.
- #26 Atrial Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatmenthttps://angolodeldottorino.it/Eng/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrial-tachycardia.php
The prognosis of atrial tachycardia varies depending on the underlying cause and treatment response. In individuals with structurally normal hearts, the condition is often benign and manageable with pharmacological therapy or ablation, significantly reducing episodes. However, in incessant forms, chronic heart rate elevation may lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, with progressive deterioration of ventricular function. […] In patients with structural heart disease, atrial tachycardia may contribute to the progression of heart failure and increase the risk of transitioning to atrial fibrillation. Regular monitoring and personalized management are essential to reduce complications and improve quality of life.
- #27 Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia – MD Searchlighthttps://mdsearchlight.com/heart-health/paroxysmal-atrial-tachycardia/
Atrial tachycardia is a condition that affects the hearts rhythm. Some people who have this condition may not experience any symptoms and only discover they have it after a routine heart test. Others may feel symptoms such as dizziness, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, feeling lightheaded, or experiencing chest pain. […] If left unchecked, prolonged atrial tachycardia could lead to long-term heart issues, like changes to the hearts structure (cardiac remodeling). It usually becomes harder to manage the longer the heart stays in this irregular rhythm. Therefore, its really important to address the irregular heartbeat or underlying issue as soon as possible.
- #28 Atrial Tachycardia Diagnosis & Treatment in Birmingham | Rapid Heartbeathttps://www.stop-af.com/about-your-rhythm/atrial-tachycardia/
Without treatment, your symptoms may get worse. Your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to supply oxygen to the rest of your body. You may get a blood clot. The clot can break loose and travel to your lungs or brain. A blood clot can cause you to have a stroke. Your heart may weaken and not work properly. You are also at a higher risk for a heart attack and heart failure.
- #29 Understanding Atrial Tachycardia: Symptoms & Treatment – Acibadem Health Point – ACIBADEM Hospitals – Acibadem Health Grouphttps://www.acibademhealthpoint.com/understanding-atrial-tachycardia-symptoms-treatment/
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or suspect that you may have atrial tachycardia, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. […] A rapid heart rate caused by atrial tachycardia can significantly impact overall heart health. The sustained increase in heart rate puts additional stress on the heart, potentially leading to complications such as: Increased risk of blood clots, Heart failure, Worsening of underlying heart conditions, Decreased quality of life. […] Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing atrial tachycardia and reducing the risk of complications. By seeking medical attention, individuals with atrial tachycardia can receive the necessary guidance and arrhythmia treatment to maintain heart health and improve overall well-being.
- #30 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFPhttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html
Symptoms may include palpitations (including possible pulsations in the neck), chest pain, fatigue, lightheadedness or dizziness, and dyspnea. […] Symptoms of SVT depend on a number of factors, including patient age, presence of comorbid heart and lung disease, and duration of SVT episodes. […] Patients may also be asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, potentially delaying diagnosis. […] Common symptoms include chest discomfort or pressure; dyspnea; fatigue; lightheadedness or dizziness; palpitations (including possible pulsations in the neck). […] Uncommon symptoms include chest pain (more severe than discomfort); diaphoresis; nausea; presyncope or syncope. […] Rare symptoms include sudden death (may occur with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). […] Prolonged and persistent elevated heart rates produced by some types of SVT have been known to cause a type of cardiomyopathy; therefore, a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis is important. […] The third most common type of SVT is AT (approximately 10 percent); it originates from a single atrial focus. […] Another form, multifocal AT, often occurs in patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- #31 Atrial tachycardia | UM Health-Sparrowhttps://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia symptoms may be hard to see in infants and young children. Symptoms of atrial tachycardia in children can include: Poor feeding. Sweating. Irritability. Changes in skin color. […] Symptoms of atrial tachycardia may be related to a serious health condition. Call 911 or your local emergency number if you have a very fast heartbeat that lasts for more than a few minutes or if a fast heartbeat occurs with these symptoms: Chest pain. Dizziness. Shortness of breath. Weakness. […] Make an appointment for a healthcare checkup if you have: A very fast heartbeat for the first time. An irregular heartbeat that lasts longer than a few seconds.
- #32 Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatmenthttps://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-types-of-tachycardia
Tachycardia Symptoms […] No matter which type of tachycardia you have, you may feel: Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Heart palpitations, a flopping feeling in your chest. […] In extreme cases, you could become unconscious or go into cardiac arrest. […] But sometimes, a superfast heart rate causes no symptoms at all.
- #33 Supraventricular tachycardia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355243
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is usually not life-threatening unless you have heart damage or another heart condition. But if SVT is severe, the irregular heartbeat may cause all heart activity to suddenly stop. This is called sudden cardiac arrest. […] A severe attack of SVT may cause fainting or a sudden loss of all heart activity, called sudden cardiac arrest.
- #34 Atrial Flutter vs Atrial Fibrillation Differences, Similaritieshttps://www.medicinenet.com/atrial_flutter_vs_atrial_fibrillation/article.htm
The difference between atrial flutter and AFib in terms of feeling is very similar. However, if the person can have someone (or even themselves) feel a pulse if the pulse is regular even though it’s fast, the problem is probably atrial flutter. If the pulse is fast and irregular, then the person is more likely to have AFib. […] Common clinical symptoms of both arrhythmias are: Palpitations (person feels their heart beating or pounding), Fatigue, Shortness of breath, Feeling like you going to faint, Blurry vision, Lightheadedness, Heart skipping beats. […] Serious symptoms may include the following: More severe shortness of breath, Sweating, Chest pain, Fainting or loss of consciousness. […] Patients with atrial flutter may have a slightly better prognosis than patients with atrial fibrillation. […] However, patients with arrhythmia who undergo ablation have an excellent prognosis with a very low recurrence rate. Ablation can allow a patient to have a normal rhythm with a normal ventricular rate (normal heart rate) and a return to normal heart health.
- #35 Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia)https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arrhythmia/
You may have a fast heartbeat (tachycardia), a slow heartbeat (bradycardia) or an irregular heartbeat where the rhythm changes. […] This can make you feel: […] like your heart is pounding, racing, fluttering or missing a beat (heart palpitations) this may last for a few seconds up to a few minutes. […] Having these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have a heart rhythm problem. […] You currently have heart palpitations with any of these symptoms: […] chest pain […] shortness of breath […] feeling dizzy or lightheaded […] fainting or feeling like you might faint.
- #36 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24009-multifocal-atrial-tachycardia
Multifocal atrial tachycardia, or MAT, is a rare type of abnormal heart rhythm that usually affects people with lung disease. Although people often dont have symptoms, they can have a heart rate of 100 to 150 beats per minute. […] Most people dont have symptoms of multifocal atrial tachycardia. However, you may have symptoms of the problem thats causing it. […] Multifocal atrial tachycardia symptoms may include: Chest pain. Palpitations. Shortness of breath. Fainting. […] Multifocal atrial tachycardia usually goes away once you get treatment for whats causing it. […] Your prognosis depends on the condition that caused your multifocal atrial tachycardia. Because these conditions can be severe, 30% to 60% of people with multifocal atrial tachycardia die during their hospital stay. The conditions that cause the tachycardia (not the abnormal rhythm itself) can be fatal.
- #37 Atrial Tachycardia | Conditions | UCSF Healthhttps://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
An abnormal heart rhythm is a change in either the speed or the pattern of the heartbeat the heart may beat too slowly, too rapidly or irregularly. […] When the heart beats too quickly, it cannot fill completely so the body doesn’t receive the blood volume it needs to function properly. […] There are several types of abnormal heart rhythms, some occur in one of the atriums and are called atrial, others occur in the ventricles and are called ventricular. […] Depending on the type and severity of your arrhythmia, and the results of various tests including the electrophysiology study, there are several treatment options. […] Certain anti-arrhythmic drugs change the electrical signals in the heart and help prevent abnormal sites from starting irregular or rapid heart rhythms. […] A technique pioneered at UCSF, radiofrequency catheter ablation destroys or disrupts parts of the electrical pathways causing the arrhythmias, providing relief for patients who may not have responded well to medications, or who would rather not or can’t take medications.
- #38 Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia – Paceshttps://www.pacesep.org/patient-resources/ectopic-atrial-tachycardia/
Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT), sometimes called atrial tachycardia (AT), is an abnormally fast heart rate originating from the top of the heart. […] Signs and Symptoms: Palpitations- the feeling of a rapid or erratic heart beat while sitting quietly or at rest or faster than normal heart rate with exercise. Dizziness. Turning pale. Fainting (syncope). Chest pain or discomfort. Shortness of breath. Heart pounding. Feeling pulsations in the throat. Infants and toddlers may have poor feeding with fussiness, sweating, or changes in color. Some patients with EAT may not experience any symptoms at all and are only diagnosed incidentally while being evaluated for some other reason. […] Sometimes, patients with EAT can develop cardiomyopathy, or a weakened ability of the heart to pump blood effectively. Patients who are diagnosed with an unexplained cardiomyopathy at first may end up being found during their cardiac evaluation to also have EAT. […] Many patients with EAT will need to or may choose to have an ablation, which is a procedure is designed to eliminate the spot in the heart causing the EAT. If this is successful, the procedure cures the patient of their EAT without the need for medication going forward.
- #39 Atrial Tachycardia | Conditions | UCSF Healthhttps://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/atrial-tachycardia
With internal cardioversion, our electrophysiology team was successful in converting a patient who had been in chronic atrial fibrillation for eight years. […] An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is a device for people who are prone to life-threatening rapid heart rhythms. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the first of a new type of pacemaker that paces both ventricles of the heart to coordinate their contractions and improve their pumping ability.