Materiały źródłowe

• #1 An Oncology Nurse’s Guide to Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2024/oncology-nurses-guide-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive form of skin canceralthough it is 40 times rarer than melanoma, it is 35 times more lethal. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients at high risk for MCC receive head-to-toe skin assessments monthly, see a dermatologist annually, and practice sun-safe habits such as wearing protective clothing and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen as prevention and early detection strategies. […] Patients with MCC are also at increased risk for a prior, concurrent, or subsequent second primary malignancy. They require close follow-up with full skin and lymph node exams every three to six months for the first three years.

• #2 Can Merkel Cell Carcinoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/merkel-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is uncommon, and some risk factors for MCC, such as your age, sex, and skin color cant be controlled. Still, there are some things you can do that might help lower your risk of getting more common types of skin cancer […] The most important way to lower your risk of skin cancers (including MCC) is to limit your exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] Having a weakened immune system increases the risk of getting Merkel cell cancer, as well as other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancers such as MCC, as well as other types of cancer.

• #3 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Because this skin cancer is so closely linked to too much sun exposure, there are several things you can do to protect your skin and lower your risk. Everyone of all ages and skin types should: […] Early detection significantly improves Merkel cell carcinoma survival rates, so seek care as soon as you notice a bump, freckle, or mole that looks unusual. Even if it ends up being nothing, it’s always better to know rather than to wait and risk it being something serious. […] Although Merkel cell carcinomas don’t seem to be hereditary, having one cancer can increase your risk of developing another. Our board-certified genetic counselors can help you understand you and your family’s cancer risk and determine if you would benefit from genetic testing. And, they can recommend strategies to lower your risk and potentially prevent certain cancers altogether.

• #4 Can Merkel Cell Carcinoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/merkel-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is uncommon, and some risk factors for MCC, such as your age, sex, and skin color cant be controlled. Still, there are some things you can do that might help lower your risk of getting more common types of skin cancer […] The most important way to lower your risk of skin cancers (including MCC) is to limit your exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] Having a weakened immune system increases the risk of getting Merkel cell cancer, as well as other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancers such as MCC, as well as other types of cancer.

• #5 Merkel Cell Carcinoma – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/cancers-of-the-skin/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Because Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with ultraviolet (UV) exposure, a number of measures are recommended to limit exposure. […] Sun avoidance: Seeking shade, minimizing outdoor activities between 10 AM and 4 PM (when sun’s rays are strongest), and avoiding sunbathing and the use of tanning beds […] Use of protective clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, pants, and broad-brimmed hats […] Use of sunscreen: At least sun protection factor (SPF) 30 with broad-spectrum UVA/UVB protection, used as directed (ie, reapplied every 2 hours and after swimming or sweating); should not be used to prolong sun exposure.

• #6 Merkel cell carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351030

  While exposure to sunlight isn’t proved to cause all Merkel cell carcinomas, it is thought to be a risk factor for this cancer. Getting less sun exposure may lower your risk of skin cancer. […] Try to: […] Stay out of the sun in the middle of the day […] For much of North America, the sun’s rays are strongest between about 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Plan to be outdoors at other times of the day, even during winter or when the sky is cloudy. When outside, stay in the shade as much as possible. […] Wear sunscreen year-round […] Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen generously. Reapply every two hours, or more often if you’re swimming or sweating. […] Wear protective clothing […] To protect your skin from the sun, wear dark, tightly woven clothes that cover the arms and legs. Wear a wide-brimmed hat that shades the face and ears.

• #7 Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17971-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  You can take these steps to protect yourself from sun damage and lower your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma: […] Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 60 every day even when indoors. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially when outdoors. […] Avoid going outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the suns rays are strongest. Seek shade if you must be outdoors. […] Don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. […] Dress in tightly woven clothes, long sleeves, a wide-brimmed hat and large sunglasses when outdoors. […] Learn how to do skin self-exams and contact your healthcare provider any time you notice skin changes.

• #8 Merkel Cell Carcinoma – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/skin-cancers/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Because Merkel cell carcinoma is caused by sun exposure, people can help prevent this cancer by doing the following, starting in early childhood: […] Avoiding the sun: For example, seeking shade, minimizing outdoor activities between 10 AM and 4 PM (when the suns rays are strongest), and avoiding sunbathing and the use of tanning beds […] Wearing protective clothing: For example, long-sleeved shirts, pants, and broad-brimmed hats […] Using sunscreen: At least sun protection factor (SPF) 30 with UVA and UVB protection used as directed and reapplied every 2 hours and after swimming or sweating but not used to prolong sun exposure.

• #9 Merkel-cell carcinoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma

  Sunlight exposure is thought to be one of the causes of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The World Health Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and Skin Cancer Foundation recommend the following measures to prevent excessive UV exposure and skin cancer: […] Limiting sun exposure between the hours of 10 am and 4 pm, when UV rays are the strongest […] Seeking shade when UV rays are most intense […] Wearing sun-protective clothing including a wide-brim hat, sunglasses, and tightly woven, loose-fitting clothing […] Using sunscreen […] Avoiding tanning beds and artificial UV exposure.

• #10 Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17971-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  You can take these steps to protect yourself from sun damage and lower your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma: […] Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 60 every day even when indoors. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially when outdoors. […] Avoid going outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the suns rays are strongest. Seek shade if you must be outdoors. […] Don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. […] Dress in tightly woven clothes, long sleeves, a wide-brimmed hat and large sunglasses when outdoors. […] Learn how to do skin self-exams and contact your healthcare provider any time you notice skin changes.

• #11 Merkel cell carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351030

  While exposure to sunlight isn’t proved to cause all Merkel cell carcinomas, it is thought to be a risk factor for this cancer. Getting less sun exposure may lower your risk of skin cancer. […] Try to: […] Stay out of the sun in the middle of the day […] For much of North America, the sun’s rays are strongest between about 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Plan to be outdoors at other times of the day, even during winter or when the sky is cloudy. When outside, stay in the shade as much as possible. […] Wear sunscreen year-round […] Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen generously. Reapply every two hours, or more often if you’re swimming or sweating. […] Wear protective clothing […] To protect your skin from the sun, wear dark, tightly woven clothes that cover the arms and legs. Wear a wide-brimmed hat that shades the face and ears.

• #12 Merkel Cell Carcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/merkel-cell-carcinoma/

  Because MCC typically develops on areas of skin exposed to the sun, individuals need to protect themselves from UV rays when spending time outside. Clinicians should counsel patients on the importance of using a sunscreen that has a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or greater and offers broad-spectrum (UVA and UVB) protection. Sunscreen should be reapplied every 2 hours and immediately after sweating or swimming. Instruct patients to avoid direct sunlight during peak hours (10 am to 2 pm) and to wear a hat and protective clothing. […] Patients should also be encouraged to check their own skin regularly. The American Cancer Society provides step-by-step instructions for performing an at-home skin check for early signs of cancer.

• #13 Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17971-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  You can take these steps to protect yourself from sun damage and lower your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma: […] Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 60 every day even when indoors. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially when outdoors. […] Avoid going outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the suns rays are strongest. Seek shade if you must be outdoors. […] Don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. […] Dress in tightly woven clothes, long sleeves, a wide-brimmed hat and large sunglasses when outdoors. […] Learn how to do skin self-exams and contact your healthcare provider any time you notice skin changes.

• #14 Merkel Cell Carcinoma – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/cancers-of-the-skin/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Because Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with ultraviolet (UV) exposure, a number of measures are recommended to limit exposure. […] Sun avoidance: Seeking shade, minimizing outdoor activities between 10 AM and 4 PM (when sun’s rays are strongest), and avoiding sunbathing and the use of tanning beds […] Use of protective clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, pants, and broad-brimmed hats […] Use of sunscreen: At least sun protection factor (SPF) 30 with broad-spectrum UVA/UVB protection, used as directed (ie, reapplied every 2 hours and after swimming or sweating); should not be used to prolong sun exposure.

• #15 Merkel cell carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351030

  Don’t forget sunglasses. Look for sunglasses that block both types of ultraviolet light, also called UV light, that comes from the sun. The two types are UVA and UVB. […] Check your skin often […] Look at your skin often for new growths or changes in moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. Use mirrors to check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Report any changes to your healthcare professional. […] Even though Merkel cell carcinoma most often is on the face, head and neck, look at other areas of your body. Look at your chest and trunk and the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. Look at the front and back of your legs and your feet. Look at the bottom of the feet and the spaces between your toes. Also check your genital area and between your buttocks.

• #16 Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17971-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  You can take these steps to protect yourself from sun damage and lower your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma: […] Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 60 every day even when indoors. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially when outdoors. […] Avoid going outside between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the suns rays are strongest. Seek shade if you must be outdoors. […] Don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. […] Dress in tightly woven clothes, long sleeves, a wide-brimmed hat and large sunglasses when outdoors. […] Learn how to do skin self-exams and contact your healthcare provider any time you notice skin changes.

• #17 Merkel-cell carcinoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma

  Sunlight exposure is thought to be one of the causes of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The World Health Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and Skin Cancer Foundation recommend the following measures to prevent excessive UV exposure and skin cancer: […] Limiting sun exposure between the hours of 10 am and 4 pm, when UV rays are the strongest […] Seeking shade when UV rays are most intense […] Wearing sun-protective clothing including a wide-brim hat, sunglasses, and tightly woven, loose-fitting clothing […] Using sunscreen […] Avoiding tanning beds and artificial UV exposure.

• #18 Merkel Cell Cancer: Symptoms, Treatments and Prognosis – UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  How can I help prevent Merkel cell cancer? […] Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell cancer is important to prevent it from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on your skin.

• #19 Merkel cell carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351030

  Don’t forget sunglasses. Look for sunglasses that block both types of ultraviolet light, also called UV light, that comes from the sun. The two types are UVA and UVB. […] Check your skin often […] Look at your skin often for new growths or changes in moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. Use mirrors to check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Report any changes to your healthcare professional. […] Even though Merkel cell carcinoma most often is on the face, head and neck, look at other areas of your body. Look at your chest and trunk and the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. Look at the front and back of your legs and your feet. Look at the bottom of the feet and the spaces between your toes. Also check your genital area and between your buttocks.

• #20 Merkel Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/melanoma/conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/

  Long-term sun exposure or a weak immune system may increase your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. […] Chronic exposure to sun light is one of the highest risk factors in the development of basal cell cancers. […] Prevention methods include: Avoid the sun between 10AM to 4PM when UV radiation is the strongest. Avoid using tanning beds. Wear sun protective clothing and hats. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (30 SPF or greater) if outside for extended periods. See a dermatologist once a year for a head-to-toe skin examination.

• #21 Merkel Cell Cancer

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/ReturningtoCare/85,P01346

  Limit your exposure to UV light and don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. Keep your immune system strong by staying away from HIV exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell cancer is important to prevent it from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on your skin. […] The risk factors for Merkel cell cancer are: Being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or other sources, such as tanning beds or PUVA treatments used for psoriasis. Not protecting your skin from the sun. Having light-colored skin. Being over age 50. Being male. Having a weakened immune system, such as from some types of blood cancer, HIV, or caused by medicines used with an organ transplant. Arsenic exposure. Infrared light exposure, such as lasers or heat lamps.

• #22 An Oncology Nurse’s Guide to Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2024/oncology-nurses-guide-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive form of skin canceralthough it is 40 times rarer than melanoma, it is 35 times more lethal. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients at high risk for MCC receive head-to-toe skin assessments monthly, see a dermatologist annually, and practice sun-safe habits such as wearing protective clothing and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen as prevention and early detection strategies. […] Patients with MCC are also at increased risk for a prior, concurrent, or subsequent second primary malignancy. They require close follow-up with full skin and lymph node exams every three to six months for the first three years.

• #23 Merkel cell carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/merkel-cell-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351030

  Don’t forget sunglasses. Look for sunglasses that block both types of ultraviolet light, also called UV light, that comes from the sun. The two types are UVA and UVB. […] Check your skin often […] Look at your skin often for new growths or changes in moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. Use mirrors to check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Report any changes to your healthcare professional. […] Even though Merkel cell carcinoma most often is on the face, head and neck, look at other areas of your body. Look at your chest and trunk and the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. Look at the front and back of your legs and your feet. Look at the bottom of the feet and the spaces between your toes. Also check your genital area and between your buttocks.

• #24 Can Merkel Cell Carcinoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/merkel-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is uncommon, and some risk factors for MCC, such as your age, sex, and skin color cant be controlled. Still, there are some things you can do that might help lower your risk of getting more common types of skin cancer […] The most important way to lower your risk of skin cancers (including MCC) is to limit your exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] Having a weakened immune system increases the risk of getting Merkel cell cancer, as well as other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancers such as MCC, as well as other types of cancer.

• #25 Treatment for Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/merkel-cell-carcinoma/treatment.html

  People whose immune system isnt functioning at a normal level are at increased risk for MCC. For instance, those whose immune systems are suppressed because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a solid organ transplant or chronic lymphocytic leukemia or another cancer are 10 to 20 times more likely to get MCC, and their disease is more likely to recur. […] Reducing immunosuppression can be part of the therapy for MCC. If theres any way to decrease your immunosuppression, this may help your body control the cancer.

• #26 Treatment for Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/merkel-cell-carcinoma/treatment.html

  People whose immune system isnt functioning at a normal level are at increased risk for MCC. For instance, those whose immune systems are suppressed because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a solid organ transplant or chronic lymphocytic leukemia or another cancer are 10 to 20 times more likely to get MCC, and their disease is more likely to recur. […] Reducing immunosuppression can be part of the therapy for MCC. If theres any way to decrease your immunosuppression, this may help your body control the cancer.

• #27 Merkel Cell Carcinoma Types, Symptoms and Diagnosis

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cancer/types/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Early cancer detection saves lives. Regular skin screenings are important, especially if you are at high risk for skin cancer. […] Knowing your risk factors, early detection, and treatment offer the best chance of survival. Ways to reduce your risk of MCC include: […] Regular skin exams: Check your skin regularly for any changes and see a dermatologist for annual skin exams. If you are at greater risk for developing MCC, contact your doctor right away if you notice changes in your skin. […] Sun protection: Wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, protective clothing with built in UPF and UVA/UVB protection, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours. […] Healthy lifestyle: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, to support your immune system, since a weakened immune system can increase risk of MCC.

• #28 Merkel cell carcinoma: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Having risk factors does not mean that you will get MCC. This skin cancer is rare. You can reduce your risk by protecting your skin from the sun. This can also reduce your risk for getting other types of skin cancer. […] If you have had MCC, you must always protect your skin from the sun. The suns rays damage skin. Your dermatologist can offer you specific tips that meet your needs. […] Some doctors recommend eating a healthy diet and exercising to keep the immune system strong. Getting enough sleep also is important. Be sure to ask your doctors what could help you.

• #29 Merkel cell carcinoma: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Many risk factors for MCC, such as age and male sex, are difficult or impossible to prevent. However, it can help to: […] Limit UV exposure. […] Stay in the shade when outdoors. […] Wear clothing that covers the body, including a hat, when outdoors. […] Wear sunscreen and sunglasses. […] Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds. […] Examine the skin monthly, and speak with a doctor about concerning changes as soon as possible. […] Have a healthful, balanced diet. […] Exercise regularly. […] Stay hydrated. […] Get enough rest. […] Use protection during sexual activity. […] Do not use intravenous drugs. […] Avoid secondhand smoke and, if applicable, quit smoking.

• #30 Merkel cell carcinoma: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Having risk factors does not mean that you will get MCC. This skin cancer is rare. You can reduce your risk by protecting your skin from the sun. This can also reduce your risk for getting other types of skin cancer. […] If you have had MCC, you must always protect your skin from the sun. The suns rays damage skin. Your dermatologist can offer you specific tips that meet your needs. […] Some doctors recommend eating a healthy diet and exercising to keep the immune system strong. Getting enough sleep also is important. Be sure to ask your doctors what could help you.

• #31 Can Merkel Cell Carcinoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/merkel-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is uncommon, and some risk factors for MCC, such as your age, sex, and skin color cant be controlled. Still, there are some things you can do that might help lower your risk of getting more common types of skin cancer […] The most important way to lower your risk of skin cancers (including MCC) is to limit your exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] Having a weakened immune system increases the risk of getting Merkel cell cancer, as well as other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancers such as MCC, as well as other types of cancer.

• #32 Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) in Adults: What patients should know about – OncoDaily Merkel Cell Carcinoma 2024

  https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/merkel-cell-carcinoma-64051

  While Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) cant always be prevented, there are ways to lower the risk. Protecting your skin from the sun is one of the most important stepsusing sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds can help reduce UV damage. […] Regular skin checks are also essential, as MCC often appears as a painless, fast-growing lump. Catching any unusual changes early can make treatment more effective. A strong immune system plays a role in reducing the risk of MCC. Eating a healthy diet, exercising, and avoiding smoking or excessive alcohol use can help keep your body strong. People with weakened immune systems, such as those on immunosuppressive medications, should be especially cautious and have regular check-ups. While MCC is rare, staying aware of your skin and overall health can improve early detection and outcomes. If you notice any unusual lumps or skin changes, seeing a doctor right away is the best way to stay protected.

• #33 Merkel cell carcinoma: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Many risk factors for MCC, such as age and male sex, are difficult or impossible to prevent. However, it can help to: […] Limit UV exposure. […] Stay in the shade when outdoors. […] Wear clothing that covers the body, including a hat, when outdoors. […] Wear sunscreen and sunglasses. […] Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds. […] Examine the skin monthly, and speak with a doctor about concerning changes as soon as possible. […] Have a healthful, balanced diet. […] Exercise regularly. […] Stay hydrated. […] Get enough rest. […] Use protection during sexual activity. […] Do not use intravenous drugs. […] Avoid secondhand smoke and, if applicable, quit smoking.

• #34 Treatment for Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/merkel-cell-carcinoma/treatment.html

  People whose immune system isnt functioning at a normal level are at increased risk for MCC. For instance, those whose immune systems are suppressed because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a solid organ transplant or chronic lymphocytic leukemia or another cancer are 10 to 20 times more likely to get MCC, and their disease is more likely to recur. […] Reducing immunosuppression can be part of the therapy for MCC. If theres any way to decrease your immunosuppression, this may help your body control the cancer.

• #35 Merkel Cell Cancer

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/ReturningtoCare/85,P01346

  Limit your exposure to UV light and don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. Keep your immune system strong by staying away from HIV exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell cancer is important to prevent it from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on your skin. […] The risk factors for Merkel cell cancer are: Being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or other sources, such as tanning beds or PUVA treatments used for psoriasis. Not protecting your skin from the sun. Having light-colored skin. Being over age 50. Being male. Having a weakened immune system, such as from some types of blood cancer, HIV, or caused by medicines used with an organ transplant. Arsenic exposure. Infrared light exposure, such as lasers or heat lamps.

• #36 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Sun exposure and having a weak immune system affects the risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. […] Risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma include: being exposed to a lot of natural sunlight, being exposed to artificial sunlight, such as from tanning beds or psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis, having an immune system weakened by disease, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or HIV infection, taking medicine that makes the immune system less active, such as after an organ transplant, having a history of other types of cancer, being older than 50 years, male, or White. […] Treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I and stage II Merkel cell carcinoma may include: surgery to remove the tumor, such as wide local excision with or without lymph node dissection, radiation therapy after surgery.

• #37 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Sun exposure and having a weak immune system affects the risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. […] Risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma include: being exposed to a lot of natural sunlight, being exposed to artificial sunlight, such as from tanning beds or psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis, having an immune system weakened by disease, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or HIV infection, taking medicine that makes the immune system less active, such as after an organ transplant, having a history of other types of cancer, being older than 50 years, male, or White. […] Treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I and stage II Merkel cell carcinoma may include: surgery to remove the tumor, such as wide local excision with or without lymph node dissection, radiation therapy after surgery.

• #38 Merkel Cell Cancer

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/ReturningtoCare/85,P01346

  Limit your exposure to UV light and don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. Keep your immune system strong by staying away from HIV exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell cancer is important to prevent it from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on your skin. […] The risk factors for Merkel cell cancer are: Being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or other sources, such as tanning beds or PUVA treatments used for psoriasis. Not protecting your skin from the sun. Having light-colored skin. Being over age 50. Being male. Having a weakened immune system, such as from some types of blood cancer, HIV, or caused by medicines used with an organ transplant. Arsenic exposure. Infrared light exposure, such as lasers or heat lamps.

• #39 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Sun exposure and having a weak immune system affects the risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. […] Risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma include: being exposed to a lot of natural sunlight, being exposed to artificial sunlight, such as from tanning beds or psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis, having an immune system weakened by disease, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or HIV infection, taking medicine that makes the immune system less active, such as after an organ transplant, having a history of other types of cancer, being older than 50 years, male, or White. […] Treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I and stage II Merkel cell carcinoma may include: surgery to remove the tumor, such as wide local excision with or without lymph node dissection, radiation therapy after surgery.

• #40 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Sun exposure and having a weak immune system affects the risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. […] Risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma include: being exposed to a lot of natural sunlight, being exposed to artificial sunlight, such as from tanning beds or psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis, having an immune system weakened by disease, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or HIV infection, taking medicine that makes the immune system less active, such as after an organ transplant, having a history of other types of cancer, being older than 50 years, male, or White. […] Treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma may cause side effects. […] Follow-up care may be needed. […] Treatment of stage I and stage II Merkel cell carcinoma may include: surgery to remove the tumor, such as wide local excision with or without lymph node dissection, radiation therapy after surgery.

• #41 Merkel Cell Cancer

  http://healthlibrary.gradyhealth.org/ReturningtoCare/85,P01346

  Limit your exposure to UV light and don’t use tanning beds or sunlamps. Keep your immune system strong by staying away from HIV exposure. Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell cancer is important to prevent it from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on your skin. […] The risk factors for Merkel cell cancer are: Being exposed to a lot of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or other sources, such as tanning beds or PUVA treatments used for psoriasis. Not protecting your skin from the sun. Having light-colored skin. Being over age 50. Being male. Having a weakened immune system, such as from some types of blood cancer, HIV, or caused by medicines used with an organ transplant. Arsenic exposure. Infrared light exposure, such as lasers or heat lamps.

• #42 Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Because this skin cancer is so closely linked to too much sun exposure, there are several things you can do to protect your skin and lower your risk. Everyone of all ages and skin types should: […] Early detection significantly improves Merkel cell carcinoma survival rates, so seek care as soon as you notice a bump, freckle, or mole that looks unusual. Even if it ends up being nothing, it’s always better to know rather than to wait and risk it being something serious. […] Although Merkel cell carcinomas don’t seem to be hereditary, having one cancer can increase your risk of developing another. Our board-certified genetic counselors can help you understand you and your family’s cancer risk and determine if you would benefit from genetic testing. And, they can recommend strategies to lower your risk and potentially prevent certain cancers altogether.

• #43 An Oncology Nurse’s Guide to Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2024/oncology-nurses-guide-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive form of skin canceralthough it is 40 times rarer than melanoma, it is 35 times more lethal. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients at high risk for MCC receive head-to-toe skin assessments monthly, see a dermatologist annually, and practice sun-safe habits such as wearing protective clothing and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen as prevention and early detection strategies. […] Patients with MCC are also at increased risk for a prior, concurrent, or subsequent second primary malignancy. They require close follow-up with full skin and lymph node exams every three to six months for the first three years.

• #44 Merkel Cell Cancer Prevention | Echelon Health

  https://www.echelon.health/merkel-cell-carcinoma-prevention/

  The following information will help you understand Merkel cell skin cancer, including its symptoms, where it originates, who is at risk of developing it, how to be identified and treated, and most importantly, what you can do to help prevent it. […] What preventive measures are there? […] Keep the sun off of your skin. Put on clothes that shields your arms, legs, and trunk from the sun. Hats with wide brims help shield your face, neck, and scalp. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen to all exposed skin on a regular basis. […] Avoid using tanning beds. They raise the risk of skin cancer development. […] If you or a family member (parent, sibling, kid) has ever had skin cancer, schedule a routine skin examination with your dermatologist. […] If you observe any changes to your skin, let your dermatologist or medical team know. Every new lump, bump, or mole needs to be examined. […] Even though genetics are out of your control, by adhering to all advised medical testing and vaccination schedules, you can reduce your risk of acquiring numerous diseases. […] Prevention is always preferable to treatment.

• #45 What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma? Risk Factors and Prevention Tips

  https://www.snhhealth.org/about-us/about-snhh/news-and-articles/shining-light-skin-cancer-rare-carcinoma-s-gaining-new-attention

  While Merkel cell may not be entirely preventable, certain measures can be taken to help reduce the risk. Dr. Mancuso recommends limiting your time in the sun, not only in the summer but during the cooler months as well. You absolutely should be wearing sunscreen year-round, he shares. Even if its a particularly cloudy or rainy day, theres only about a 10% reduction in sun exposure on those days so youre still getting sun even if you dont feel its effects. […] He also recommends regular skin checks, both by a dermatologist and self-examinations. If you notice any new growths or changes on the skin, Dr. Mancuso says its important to consult with a healthcare professional. If something looks different, if its changing or growing within weeks to months, thats unusual and you should get it looked at sooner rather than later.

• #46 Merkel cell carcinoma: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Having risk factors does not mean that you will get MCC. This skin cancer is rare. You can reduce your risk by protecting your skin from the sun. This can also reduce your risk for getting other types of skin cancer. […] If you have had MCC, you must always protect your skin from the sun. The suns rays damage skin. Your dermatologist can offer you specific tips that meet your needs. […] Some doctors recommend eating a healthy diet and exercising to keep the immune system strong. Getting enough sleep also is important. Be sure to ask your doctors what could help you.

• #47 An Oncology Nurse’s Guide to Merkel Cell Carcinoma | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/06-2024/oncology-nurses-guide-merkel-cell-carcinoma

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive form of skin canceralthough it is 40 times rarer than melanoma, it is 35 times more lethal. […] The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients at high risk for MCC receive head-to-toe skin assessments monthly, see a dermatologist annually, and practice sun-safe habits such as wearing protective clothing and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen as prevention and early detection strategies. […] Patients with MCC are also at increased risk for a prior, concurrent, or subsequent second primary malignancy. They require close follow-up with full skin and lymph node exams every three to six months for the first three years.

• #48 Merkel Cell Cancer Prevention | Echelon Health

  https://www.echelon.health/merkel-cell-carcinoma-prevention/

  The following information will help you understand Merkel cell skin cancer, including its symptoms, where it originates, who is at risk of developing it, how to be identified and treated, and most importantly, what you can do to help prevent it. […] What preventive measures are there? […] Keep the sun off of your skin. Put on clothes that shields your arms, legs, and trunk from the sun. Hats with wide brims help shield your face, neck, and scalp. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen to all exposed skin on a regular basis. […] Avoid using tanning beds. They raise the risk of skin cancer development. […] If you or a family member (parent, sibling, kid) has ever had skin cancer, schedule a routine skin examination with your dermatologist. […] If you observe any changes to your skin, let your dermatologist or medical team know. Every new lump, bump, or mole needs to be examined. […] Even though genetics are out of your control, by adhering to all advised medical testing and vaccination schedules, you can reduce your risk of acquiring numerous diseases. […] Prevention is always preferable to treatment.

• #49 Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment in Chicago, IL | Skin MD

  https://skinmdchicago.com/surgical-dermatology/merkel-cell-carcinoma/

  As always, the first line of defense in the fight against skin cancer is vigilance at home and skin cancer screenings at a dermatologists office. Get your skin checked today and know for sure that youre healthy. […] Regular skin cancer screenings can and do save lives.

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