Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Bells-Palsy-Epidemiology.aspx

  Bell’s palsy is the most common cause of acute unilateral facial paralysis, accounting for approximately 60-75% of such cases. The majority of large population studies reveal a yearly incidence of 15-30 cases per 100.000 persons. The annual incidence of Bell’s palsy in the United States is approximately 23 cases per 100.000 persons, and in the United Kingdom 20 cases per 100.000 persons. The condition is generally more common in adults. Peak ages are between 20 and 40 years of age, although this disease occurs in children and elderly population over 70 years as well. Hence a somewhat higher prevalence rate is found in people older than 65 years of age (59 cases per 100.000 persons). […] The risk of being affected by this condition is 29% higher in diabetic patients than in healthy individuals.

• #2 Acute Bell’s Palsy: A Neurological Manifestation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2)

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-8-258.php?jid=jide

  Bell’s palsy is an acute idiopathic lower motor neuron peripheral nerve palsy of the facial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression. The incidence of this idiopathic palsy is estimated at 15 to 30 per 100,000 individuals. There is no predilection for age and gender. […] Bell’s palsy has also been reported in patients infected with the coronavirus (COVID-19). […] Recognition of Bell’s Palsy without other symptoms should be considered as part of the clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection that could easily be overlooked. […] As COVID-19 infection is a multisystem inflammatory disorder, Bell’s palsy may be a spectrum of neurological manifestations that is being reported in greater frequency.

• #3 Facial Nerve Palsy – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Facial_Nerve_Palsy

  The overall prevalence of facial nerve palsy has been estimated at 2-3 cases per 10,000 people in the general population. Facial nerve palsy affects individuals regardless of sex, age, or race. Currently, there is no clear consensus on whether males or females are affected more frequently. However, facial nerve palsy most commonly affects individuals aged 15-45 years. […] Of note, the most common cause of facial palsy is idiopathic facial nerve palsy, representing 51% of all CN 7 palsy cases. While sometimes considered to be synonymous with idiopathic facial nerve palsy, Bells palsy is specifically defined as acute onset (72 hours) idiopathic, unilateral facial nerve palsy that resolves spontaneously.

• #4 The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6210498/

  Bells palsy is an acute idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset. It is the most common cause of lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis with an annual incidence of 15-30 per 100,000. […] The epidemiology of acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy has been discussed in several articles, sometimes with contradictory findings. […] In Sudan, no study has been done on the epidemiology, the course, treatment and recovery of Bells palsy. […] Acute peripheral facial palsy is a common disease with an annual incidence of 15-30 per 100,000 population. The incidence increases with age. […] The incidence of Bells palsy reaches a maximum between the ages 15-45 years, the disease is significantly less common below the age of 15 years and above the age of 60. […] Both sexes are affected equally.

• #4 The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6210498/

  In many studies, no seasonal variation was found. […] De Diego et al., concluded that seasonal trend in the incidence of Bells palsy does exist (Winter season), with few cases occurring in summer. […] The study showed predominance of females. A peak incidence was seen in the age group 21-40 years. A predilection was found for the right side of face. […] The findings of our study showed a seasonal clustering of cases in Winter. This is in accordance with the findings of Goncalves et al., from Brazil which showed a predominance of cases in winter. […] The treatment of choice of Bells palsy is a combination therapy that includes steroids. […] A large population-based epidemiological study of Bells palsy is needed in Sudan to determine the prevalence of the disease.

• #5

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-019-09282-4

  Bells palsy is a health issue causing concern and has an extremely negative effect on both patients and their families. Therefore, diagnosis and prompt cause determination are key for early treatment. Bells palsy (BP) affects individuals across multiple ages and both sexes, with an annual incidence ranging from 11.5 to 53.3 per 100,000 persons across multiple populations. […] Despite its severe effects, the exact etiology of BP remains unclear. The Guideline Development Group (GDG) has identified the diagnosis of BP as one of exclusion, requiring careful clinical elimination of other potential etiologies of facial paralysis/paresis. […] The incidence of BP is also related to extreme temperature exposure. Campbell and Brundage investigated climate and season correlates of BP risk using a centralized surveillance system containing medical encounter and demographic data. The results revealed that both season and climate were independent predictors of BP risk. There is a clear correlation between the cold season and the number of cases observed. […] Collectively, these studies and those discussed above demonstrate that the incidence of BP increases with acute cold exposure and in places with large diurnal temperature differences, indicating that sharp temperature changes may be a risk factor for facial nerve palsy.

• #6 Risk factors for Bell’s palsy based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-02816-9

  There were 2708 patients with Bells palsy recorded from 2006 to 2015. […] The annual incidence of Bells palsy has been reported to range from 11.5 to 53.3 per 100,000. […] This study is significant for patients and providers because we analyzed the relationships using a population-based database over a long-term follow-up period. […] In summary, male sex, advanced age, residence in a location other than the capital and metropolitan cities, hypertension, and diabetes were significant risk factors for Bells palsy based on population-based data in Korea.

• #7 Bell Palsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146903-overview

  In the United States, the annual incidence of Bell palsy is approximately 23 cases per 100,000 persons. […] Bell palsy is thought to account for approximately 60-75% of cases of acute unilateral facial paralysis, with the right side affected 63% of the time. It can also be recurrent, with a reported recurrence range of 4-14%. […] Though bilateral simultaneous Bell palsy can develop, it is rare. It accounts for only 2-3% of bilateral facial paralysis and has an occurrence rate that is less than 1% of that for unilateral facial nerve palsy. […] Persons with diabetes have a 29% higher risk of being affected by Bell palsy than do persons without diabetes. […] Bell palsy is also more common in people who are immunocompromised or in women with preeclampsia. […] Bell palsy appears to affect the sexes equally. However, young women aged 10-19 years are more likely to be affected than are men in the same age group. Pregnant women have a 3.3 times higher risk of being affected by Bell palsy than do nonpregnant women; Bell palsy occurs most frequently in the third trimester.

• #7 Bell Palsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146903-overview

  In general, Bell palsy occurs more commonly in adults. A slightly higher predominance is observed in patients older than 65 years (59 cases per 100,000 people), and a lower incidence rate is observed in children younger than 13 years (13 cases per 100,000 people). The lowest incidence is found in persons younger than 10 years, and the highest incidence is in persons aged 60 years or older. Peak ages are between 20 and 40 years. The disease also occurs in elderly persons aged 70-80 years.

• #8 Bell Palsy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482290/

  The annual incidence of Bell palsy is 15 to 40 per 100,000 individuals, and the lifetime risk is 1 in 60, with a recurrence rate of 8% to 12%. […] There is no sex, ethnic, or laterality predilection, and Bell palsy can occur at any age; there is a bimodal distribution with incidence peaks between 20 and 30 years and between 60 and 70. […] There are multiple known risk factors for developing Bell palsy, including diabetes, pregnancy, preeclampsia, obesity, dental procedures, and, debatably, hypertension. […] Pregnant patients and those with diabetes are specifically at higher risk for worse outcomes and are potentially more likely to present with worse paralysis than patients without diabetes and who aren’t pregnant with Bell palsy. […] According to a 2022 paper published by Escalante et al, the most common severity of Bell palsy is House-Brackmann grade III (mild-moderate), accounting for 41.9% of patients. Grade VI palsy (total hemifacial paralysis) occurs in 20.1% of patients. House-Brackmann grades II (mild) and V (severe) each comprise 16.3% of patients, and grade IV accounts for only 5.4%.

• #8 Bell Palsy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482290/

  The same study also assessed the chance of recovery as a function of palsy severity and found that patients with House-Brackmann grade VI palsy had a 60% chance of recovery to grade I or II, and grade V patients had an 83% chance if provided steroids and antivirals. Patients with grade II to IV paralysis all recovered to grade I or II in this series.

• #9 Management of Bell’s palsy – Australian Prescriber

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/management-of-bells-palsy.html

  Bells palsy, also called idiopathic facial paralysis, is defined as an acute-onset, isolated, unilateral, lower motor neurone facial weakness. The reported annual incidence varies in different parts of the world with estimates varying between 11 and 40 per 100 000 people. It is more common in people with diabetes. […] The palsy recurs in 7% of patients, with equal incidence of ipsilateral and contralateral recurrence. There are insufficient data on whether treatment affects the rate of recurrence.

• #10 Not All Facial Palsy Is Bell’s Palsy | AAO-HNS Bulletin

  https://bulletin.entnet.org/clinical-patient-care/article/22877150/not-all-facial-palsy-is-bells-palsy

  Recovery of facial function occurs in approximately 70%-85% of cases of untreated Bells palsy and up to 94.4% of cases treated with prednisolone within 72 hours of symptom onset. […] Recurrent ipsilateral or contralateral Bells palsy occurs in about 6.5% of patients with a range of 0.8% to 19.5%. […] The term Bells palsy may be used erroneously to refer to all forms of facial palsy, but it does represent one diagnosis among many for the patient with unilateral facial weakness.

• #11 Population-based study and a scoping review for the epidemiology and seasonality in and effect of weather on Bell’s palsy | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96422-4

  The epidemiology of BP varies according to the methodological differences and populations surveyed. In epidemiological studies, a population-based design reduces sampling bias and is capable of accurately assessing the characteristics of relatively rare disorders. […] To the best of our knowledge, no other study has reported the incidence of BP using a population-based design in an Asian country or seasonal variation in BP using a population-based design anywhere in the world. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the annual, seasonal, and monthly incidences and clinical characteristics of BP and to assess the effects of wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity on BP development. […] In the present study, the annual incidence rate per 100,000 persons was 12.86% in 2010, which increased to 19.92 in 2018.

• #11 Population-based study and a scoping review for the epidemiology and seasonality in and effect of weather on Bell’s palsy | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96422-4

  The only epidemiological study of BP in Asian countries, which was based on regional medical services and was published in 1988, reported that the incidence of BP was 30 per 100,000 persons in a prefecture of Japan. The only population-based study according to national medical services was conducted in the UK from 1992 to 1996, with a reported incidence rate of 20.2/100,000 persons. […] This study had the following findings: (1) the incidence rate of BP in Korea showed a rapid yearly increase from 2010 to 2018; (2) BP was the most common among those in their 60s; (3) the seasonal incidence of BP was highest in autumn, followed by winter, spring, and summer; and (4) seasonal and monthly incidences of BP were related to low temperature, low humidity, and high atmospheric pressure. […] In this study, BP showed the highest incidence rate among patients in their 60s, 70s, and 50s (in descending order).

• #11 Population-based study and a scoping review for the epidemiology and seasonality in and effect of weather on Bell’s palsy | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96422-4

  The seasonal incidence of BP was the highest in autumn and showed significant differences between spring and summer in the multivariate analysis. […] Combining previous studies and our current study, the onset of BP is associated with low temperature and humidity; however, in the climate zone with extreme temperature and humidity differences between the coldest and hottest months, it is supposed that the marked decrease in temperature (autumn) has a greater influence on the outbreak of BP than the actual cold temperature (winter). […] This is the first study to observe the annual incidence rate and age distribution of BP in an Asian country and the first to analyze the relationship among seasons, changes in weather, and the risk of BP worldwide, based on national population-based data, and verified BP diagnosis.

• #12 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

  https://www.healio.com/news/ophthalmology/20170516/higher-incidence-of-bells-palsy-attributed-to-increase-in-herpes-zoster-infection

  BALTIMORE A higher incidence of Bells palsy in recent years may be attributed to increasing rates of herpes zoster infection, according to research presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting. […] Researchers explored the epidemiology and surgical outcomes of facial nerve palsy using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) database, under the direction of Elizabeth A. Bradley, MD, oculoplastic and orbital surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. […] In the earlier REP study, the Bells palsy incidence rate was 25 per 100,000. In the current years studied, 2000 to 2010, the incidence increased to 39.9 per 100,000. […] We attribute this increase to herpes zoster infection, which has also increased over the last 4 decades and plays a causal role in Bells palsy, Alshami said. Much of the literature out there says the incidence is 20 to 25, so I think its important for everyone to know the incidence has increased to 39.9.

• #13 Bell Palsy: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0400/bell-palsy.html

  The estimated incidence of Bell palsy is 20 to 30 cases per 100,000 people per year. […] All ages can be affected, with the highest incidence in people 15 to 45 years of age. […] Women and men are equally affected. […] An equal number of left-sided and right-sided cases are reported. […] Based on epidemiologic studies, risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, immunosuppression, influenza A and other upper respiratory illnesses, and pregnancy.

• #14 Bell’s Palsy in Children (BellPIC): protocol for a multicentre, placebo-controlled randomized trial | BMC Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-016-0702-y

  Data from the United Kingdom reported an incidence of Bells palsy of more than 6 per 100,000 person-years in children under 14 years and more than 20 per 100,000 person-years in people aged 15-29 years, although the true incidence may be higher. […] Despite the conclusive evidence of benefit from steroids in adults with Bells palsy, two systematic reviews of the use of steroids to treat Bells palsy in children found no placebo-controlled trials. […] Both systematic reviews of the use of steroids to treat Bells palsy in children call for a definitive trial to be conducted. […] The American Academy of Neurology similarly called for RCTs to determine if Bells palsy in children should be treated with steroids. […] A consequence of the lack of evidence and firm treatment recommendations is variable use of steroid in children reported from a number of centers.

• #15 Bell’s palsy epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bell%27s_palsy_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of Bell’s palsy is approximately 30 per 100,000 individuals. […] The lifetime prevalence of Bell’s palsy was 642.8 cases per 100,000 population age 15 years and above in one study. […] The incidence of Bell’s palsy increases with age. […] There is no racial predilection to Bell’s palsy. […] Bell’s palsy affects men and women equally. […] The ratio of male to female patients was 48:52 in one study. […] There is no geographic difference in incidence of Bell’s palsy.

• #16 Facial Nerve Palsy – almostadoctor

  https://almostadoctor.co.uk/encyclopedia/facial-nerve-palsy

  Incidence: 30 per 100 000 per year […] Accounts for 80% of cases facial nerve paralysis […] Thought to be viral induced […] The most common mononeuropathy […] Can occur at any age, including children. Most common age group 20-50. […] Equal incidence for both sexes […] Slightly increased incidence during pregnancy (45 per 100 000), and in diabetes […] Most cases resolve within 2-3 months […] 1% of cases are bilateral resulting in total paralysis of the face.

• #17 Bell’s palsy: Our experience and review of 30 cases

  https://www.oatext.com/bells-palsy-our-experience-and-review-of-30-cases.php

  Bells palsy [BP], named after Sir Charles Bells, is defined as acute onset peripheral facial nerve paralysis that is idiopathic, comprising of about 70% of the usual facial palsy cases. […] Epidemiological surveys have reported the incidence varying from 10-40 person 10,000 individuals in different regions. […] In spite of the fact that Bells palsy is seen across a large age group, the incidence was commonly observed to be the highest in the 15- to 45-year-old patients. […] Pregnancy is a well-known risk factor, usually during the third trimester and early postpartum periods, with incidence as high as 3 times greater when compared to the general population. […] There are many co morbid conditions associated with BP like diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, immunocompromised condition, influenza.

• #18 Frontiers | Seasonal patterns in the epidemiology of Bell’s palsy in Hungary

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1188137/full

  Our findings highlight the importance of considering factors (gender, hypertension, season) when managing patients with Bell’s palsy. Bell’s palsy was more frequently observed throughout the winter and spring seasons, while the peak of reoccurrence was in autumn. […] There has been a lot of debate over whether underlying comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension have a role in the recurrence of Bell’s palsy. […] Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and etiology of disease to prevent recurrent Bell’s palsy and improve the patients’ quality of life.

• #19 Bell Palsy | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18195

  The annual incidence of Bell palsy is 15 to 40 per 100,000 individuals, and the lifetime risk is 1 in 60, with a recurrence rate of 8% to 12%. […] There is no sex, ethnic, or laterality predilection, and Bell palsy can occur at any age; there is a bimodal distribution with incidence peaks between 20 and 30 years and between 60 and 70. […] There are multiple known risk factors for developing Bell palsy, including diabetes, pregnancy, preeclampsia, obesity, dental procedures, and, debatably, hypertension. […] Pregnant patients and those with diabetes are specifically at higher risk for worse outcomes and are potentially more likely to present with worse paralysis than patients without diabetes and who aren’t pregnant with Bell palsy. […] According to a 2022 paper published by Escalante et al, the most common severity of Bell palsy is House-Brackmann grade III (mild-moderate), accounting for 41.9% of patients.

• #19 Bell Palsy | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18195

  Grade VI palsy (total hemifacial paralysis) occurs in 20.1% of patients. […] House-Brackmann grades II (mild) and V (severe) each comprise 16.3% of patients, and grade IV accounts for only 5.4%. […] The same study also assessed the chance of recovery as a function of palsy severity and found that patients with House-Brackmann grade VI palsy had a 60% chance of recovery to grade I or II, and grade V patients had an 83% chance if provided steroids and antivirals. […] Patients with grade II to IV paralysis all recovered to grade I or II in this series.

• #20 A general practice approach to Bell’s palsy

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2016/november/a-general-practice-approach-to-bell-s-palsy

  Bells palsy is characterised by an acute onset of unilateral, lower motor neuron weakness of the facial nerve in the absence of an identifiable cause. The annual incidence is estimated to be 1140 per 100,000, with a lifetime risk of one in 60. On average, general practitioners (GPs) encounter one acute case every two years. Most cases of Bells palsy resolve spontaneously. Indeed, 71% of patients notice clinical improvement within three weeks of symptom onset and achieve complete recovery within three months. […] Management of Bells palsy is aimed at achieving complete recovery or reducing the negative sequelae in cases that fail to resolve. […] Diagnosis of Bells palsy is based on exclusion. […] Specific risk factors for Bells palsy include pregnancy, severe pre-eclampsia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and upper respiratory illnesses such as influenza.

• #21 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e140

  This article presents a comprehensive review of data on the impact of facial palsy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The possible causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of changes in the epidemiology of facial palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. […] Following the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of Bells palsy, particularly among elderly individuals with diabetes. Bells palsy increased after the COVID-19 outbreak, rising from 75.3% in the pre-COVID-19 era to 83.6% after the COVID-19 outbreak. […] Identifying the epidemiological changes in facial palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic has important implications for assessing its etiology and pathological mechanisms of facial palsy disease. […] Notably, the observed increase in Bells palsy cases among elderly individuals with diabetes emphasizes the impact of the pandemic.

• #21 :: JKMS :: Journal of Korean Medical Science

  https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e140

  The proportion of Bells palsy cases increased after the COVID-19 outbreak, rising from 75.3% in the pre-COVID-19 era to 83.6% after the COVID-19 outbreak, and this difference was statistically significant. […] In essence, Bell’s palsy increased in elderly patients with diabetes after the COVID-19 outbreak, accompanied by a decrease in the cure rate. […] A retrospective cohort study indicated a strong association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and recurrent Bells palsy after a second vaccine dose. […] The potential direct influence of SARS-CoV-2 on facial paralysis cannot be overlooked. Facial palsy has been reported as the first or sole symptom in patients with COVID-19. […] Determining whether SARS-CoV-2 acts as the primary instigator of Bells palsy or whether coinfections account for the diminished recovery rate during the pandemic remains a vital research question.

• #22 Risk for Facial Palsy after COVID-19 Vaccination, South Korea, 2021–2022 – Volume 30, Number 11—November 2024 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/11/24-0610_article

  Our study showed FP risk increased within 128 days after any COVID-19 vaccine dose (IRR 1.12 [95% CI 1.091.16]). […] Using 2 large, linked databases from the national COVID-19 immunization registry and NHIS claims data, we identified a positive association between COVID-19 vaccination and FP in the population of South Korea. […] Our findings contribute to the evidence of a positive association between FP and COVID-19 vaccination, aligning with other studies. […] By using a large, linked database in South Korea that covered 44 million persons vaccinated with 130 million vaccine doses, our study revealed an increased risk for FP after COVID-19 vaccination, providing supportive real-world evidence on postvaccination FP.

• #23 Bell’s palsy and COVID-19: A cohort study with historical rate comparison | Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-acta-otorrinolaringologica-espanola-402-avance-resumen-bell-s-palsy-covid-19-a-cohort-S2173573524000851?covid=Dr56DrLjUdaMjzAgze452SzSInMN&rfr=truhgiz&y=kEzTXsahn8atJufRpNPuIGh67s1

  In our cohort, no association was found between vaccination or COVID-19 infection and the development of Bell’s Palsy. […] The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of Bell’s palsy in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Catalonia during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. […] The rates observed during the period 20202021 (pandemic) and the historical rates (20182019) were compared using standardised incidence rates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. […] This study does not show an association between COVID-19 infection, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, and the development of IPFP at the hospital level in our setting.

• #24 Bell’s palsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy

  The number of new cases of Bell’s palsy ranges from about one to four cases per 10,000 population per year. The rate increases with age. Bell’s palsy affects about 40,000 people in the United States every year. It affects approximately 1 person in 65 during a lifetime. […] A range of annual incidence rates have been reported in the literature: 15, 24, and 2553 (all rates per 100,000 population per year). Bell’s palsy is not a reportable disease, and there are no established registries for people with this diagnosis, which complicates precise estimation. […] About 40,000 people are affected by Bell’s palsy in the United States every year. It can affect anyone of any gender and age, but its incidence seems to be highest in those in the 15- to 45-year-old age group.

• #25 Ocular and palpebral manifestations of facial palsy | OPTH

  https://www.dovepress.com/ocular-and-palpebral-manifestations-of-facial-palsy-an-epidemiologic-d-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

  A total of 60 patients with a facial palsy diagnosis in the last 5 years were recruited from an ophthalmological clinic in northeastern Mexico. […] A prevalence of 0.14% was reported, 56.7% of patients were female, and mean age of presentation was 55.63 17.2 years. […] 76.7% of facial palsy was idiopathic in origin, followed by vascular disease in 8.30% and iatrogenic in 6.70%. […] Its incidence can vary from 11 to 40 cases per 100,000 people annually. […] The prevalence calculated in our sample was very similar to that reported by Chang et al, being 0.12%. […] FP is an important cause of ocular morbidity and not many studies report epidemiologic data on Hispanic patients. […] The importance of this statement is that diseases must be analyzed with different perspectives, since different factors such as culture, politics and economics have an impact on their diagnosis and treatment. […] This ultimately translates to missing pieces of information, which affect data precision. Nonetheless, valuable epidemiologic data could be reported in this study, as well as information on important clinical features and treatment modalities.

• #26 The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan

  https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/827/FULLTEXT/

  In many studies, no seasonal variation was found. […] De Diego et al., concluded that seasonal trend in the incidence of Bells palsy does exist (Winter season), with few cases occurring in summer. […] The only published study was a case report of Bells palsy in seven Sudanese children, by Abbas and Prabhu in 1981. […] A large population-based epidemiological study of Bells palsy is needed in Sudan to determine the prevalence of the disease.

• #27

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00211536

  Four hundred and twenty seven idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (IPFP) patients admitted to the Otolaryngology Department of the Soroka Medical Center in southern Israel between 1978 and 1982 were characterized and analyzed by age, sex and season of illness. An average annual incidence rate of 33.6 patients per 100,000 inhabitans was calculated which is considered to be the highest incidence reported so far, and may be explained by the very high coverage of the Sick Fund insurance in the region and by the warm arid climate that prevails in the area. […] Knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and the population in the catchment area, allowed the calculation of age-specific incidence rates and it was found that this rate increases with age, reaching a peak of 68.2/100;00 in the older age group (65 years of age). […] Peak morbidity in young patients (30 years of age) occurs in the winter while elderly patients lack seasonal variability.

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