Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hay fever – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20373039

  Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, causes cold-like symptoms. […] Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to a harmless outdoor or indoor substance the body identifies as harmful (allergen). […] Common allergens that can trigger hay fever symptoms include pollen and dust mites. […] When someone has hay fever, the immune system identifies a harmless airborne substance as being harmful. This substance is called an allergen. The body produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to protect against allergens. When the body comes in contact with an allergen, these antibodies signal the immune system to release chemicals such as histamine into the bloodstream. This causes a reaction that leads to the symptoms of hay fever.

• #2 Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8622-allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever

  Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is an allergic reaction to tiny particles in the air called allergens. […] Allergic rhinitis occurs when your body’s immune system reacts to an irritant in the air. The irritants (allergens) are so tiny that you can easily inhale them through your nose or mouth. […] Allergic rhinitis comes from many allergens, including: Dust mites that live in carpets, drapes, bedding and furniture. Pollen from trees, grass and weeds. Pet dander (tiny flakes of dead skin cells). Mold spores. Cockroaches (their saliva and waste). […] Allergies are inherited, which means you’re more likely to have hay fever if you have a parent or immediate family member with allergies. People who have asthma or eczema are also more likely to develop hay fever.

• #3 Overview: Hay fever – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279488/

  Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen in the air, affecting the upper airways. The medical term for the symptoms it causes is allergic rhinitis. […] Allergy symptoms arise when your body overreacts to particular substances that are usually harmless, such as pollen. These substances (allergens) trigger a chain reaction in the immune system. First, antibodies to the allergen are made, and they bind to specific cells. If these cells come into contact with the allergen again, they are then able to respond by releasing chemical substances such as histamine. These substances then lead to allergic reactions such as sneezing or itchy eyes. […] Some plants are now blooming earlier, for a longer time and more due to higher temperatures throughout the year caused by climate change. This increases the amount of pollen in the air and how long pollen season lasts.

• #3 Overview: Hay fever – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279488/

  Sometimes a higher risk of allergies runs in families. Environmental factors such as air pollution and cigarette smoke can make allergies more likely. […] Allergies are quite common nowadays. This may be partly due to higher standards of hygiene and the fact that some infections have become less common in childhood. As a result, our immune systems are often not as well trained as they might have been in the past.

• #4 Hay Fever: What is it, Causes, & Symptoms | ZYRTEC®

  https://www.zyrtec.com/allergy-guide/understanding-allergies/types/hay-fever

  Hay fever also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis refers to seasonal allergies caused by pollen. […] The allergens, which trigger the symptoms we like to call hay fever, are caused primarily by pollen from trees, weeds, and grasses. […] The main offender is the pollen released into the air by different types of plants and trees. […] When you inhale pollen, the cells in your body release histamine, which leads to common symptoms like sneezing. […] The list of what causes hay fever is long, and its common for people with one type of allergy to also react to other triggers. […] Hay fever symptoms generally crop up in spring, summer, and/or early fall when pollen from trees, weeds, and grasses or spores from mold are in full effect. […] Pollen counts tend to be highest on warm, dry, and breezy days, especially in the morning. […] This is the first seasonal allergen of the year. In southern states, trees release pollen as early as January.

• #5 Allergic rhinitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis

  Allergic rhinitis may also be caused by allergy to Balsam of Peru, which is in various fragrances and other products. […] The process begins when an aeroallergen penetrates the nasal mucosal barrier. […] The allergen is then engulfed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) (such as a dendritic cell). […] The IgE immunoglobulins attach to mast cells. […] The inflammatory cytokines also recruit inflammatory cells such as basophils, eosinophils and fibroblasts to the area. […] The person is now sensitized, and upon re-exposure to the allergen, mast cells with allergen specific IgE will bind the allergens and release inflammatory molecules including histamine, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor, prostaglandins and thromboxane with these inflammatory molecules’ local effects on blood vessels (dilation), mucous glands (secrete mucous) and sensory nerves (activation) leading to the clinical signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

• #6 Summer hay fever

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1112773/

  Allergens are also recognised and processed by mucosal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) or macrophages, which then stimulate T lymphocytes to release interleukins, which promote tissue eosinophilia and IgE production. […] Patients with allergies are usually advised to avoid the provoking allergen. It is, however, controversial whether this should be routinely recommended for pollen allergy. […] Immunotherapy should be considered in patients with summer hay fever uncontrolled by antiallergy drugs. […] Most patients with hay fever will have their symptoms controlled by the above measures. Patients whose symptoms remain uncontrolled may benefit from allergen injection immunotherapy.

• #7 Hay fever | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/hay-fever

  Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergic reaction to environmental allergens such as pollens, dust mite, moulds and animal dander. […] Hay fever is caused by the nose and/or eyes coming into contact with environmental allergens, such as pollens (grasses, weeds or trees), dust mite, moulds and animal dander. […] Perennial allergic rhinitis is usually caused by a reaction to allergens such as house dust mites, moulds, animal dander or occupational allergens. […] An allergic reaction means the immune system treats a harmless substance as if it is dangerous, and launches an attack. […] Identifying the allergen/s causing the symptoms is an important part of managing hay fever. […] Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), also known as desensitisation some people may benefit from AIT, which exposes a person to gradually increasing amounts of an allergen to improve tolerance and reduce symptoms. This therapy may reduce the severity of hay fever symptoms.

• #8 Hay Fever: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/hay-fever-causes-treatment/

  Exposure to allergens is the cause of a hay fever allergy. Hay fever is caused by an allergic reaction to pollen from trees, grasses, weeds, shrubs, and other plants that are pollinated by insects such as bees, wasps, flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, and mosquitoes. […] Genetic factors accounted for the highest percentage of chances of having hay fever, with the remaining contributions due to unique environmental influences. […] Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, can be triggered by indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander, in addition to outdoor allergens.

• #9 Hay Fever (Rhinitis) | Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/hay-fever/

  Allergic rhinitis – commonly known as hay fever – is a group of symptoms affecting the nose. But don’t be misled by the name – you don’t have to be exposed to hay to have symptoms. And hay fever doesn’t cause a fever. […] Allergic rhinitis develops when the body’s immune system recognizes and overreacts to something in the environment that typically causes no problems in most people. […] Seasonal: Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis can occur in spring, summer, and early fall. They are usually caused by allergic sensitivity to airborne mold spores or to pollens from trees, grass, and weeds. […] Perennial: People with perennial allergic rhinitis experience symptoms year-round. It is generally caused by dust mites, pet hair or dander, cockroaches, or mold. Underlying or hidden food allergies rarely cause perennial nasal symptoms.

• #10 Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/rhinitis-(hay-fever)

  Hay Fever Do you suffer from frequent sneezing, congestion or stuffiness and an itchy or runny nose? If so, you may have a condition called rhinitis. […] Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens like molds, pollen and animals. These are substances which are usually harmless, but can cause allergic reactions in certain people. […] Seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is triggered by outdoor allergens such as pollen and mold spores. […] The allergic form of rhinitis can be caused by outdoor allergens such as pollen and mold spores. This is referred to as seasonal allergic rhinitis or hay fever.

• #11 Hay Fever (Rhinitis) | Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/hay-fever/

  Some people may experience both types of rhinitis, with perennial symptoms getting worse during specific pollen seasons. There are also nonallergic causes for rhinitis including irritants such as cigarette or other smoke, perfumes, cleaning products and other strong odors. […] Allergic rhinitis can be associated with: Decreased concentration and focus, Limited activities, Decreased decision-making capacity, Impaired hand-eye coordination, Problems remembering things, Irritability, Sleep disorders, Fatigue, Missed days of work or school, More motor vehicle accidents, More school or work injuries. […] Many parents of children with allergic rhinitis have said that their children are more moody and irritable during allergy season. […] Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens, like seasonal grass or ragweed pollen or year-round allergens like dust and animal dander. […] Hay fever is another name for allergic rhinitis, most commonly used to describe a seasonal allergic reaction to pollen such as ragweed. However, the term is often used to refer to nasal allergies caused by any inhaled allergen.

• #12 Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Causes of Seasonal Allergies

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/understanding-hay-fever-basics

  Hay fever is an allergic reaction to certain things. Common triggers include pollen, ragweed, and cats. […] If you have hay fever (allergic rhinitis), it’s because your immune system views harmless inhaled pollen or other allergens as dangerous substances invading the body. Your system overreacts, flooding your bloodstream with chemicals like histamine and leukotrienes. […] Hay fever is often an inherited trait (genetically determined). Most people with hay fever have a parent or sibling who also has allergies.

• #13 Does hay fever have a genetic cause? | Medicover Genetics

  https://medicover-genetics.com/does-hay-fever-have-a-genetic-cause/

  Hay fever is a type of allergy and one of the most common. It is an allergy to pollen, usually from trees and grasses, but also weed pollen. Hay fever is known to have a genetic component. However, it is probable that the development of hay fever is also influenced by other factors, such as the environment and diet, and that the interactions between genetic risk factors and these factors are clearly complicated. The inherited (genetic) tendency of an individual to develop an allergic disease such as asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema is called atopy, and asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema are called atopic diseases. A genome wide association study of allergic sensitization from 2013 suggested 10 susceptibility genes for allergic sensitization: TLR6, C11orf30, STAT6, SLC25A46, HLA-DQB1, IL1RL1, LPP, MYC, IL2 and HLA-B, and estimated that they accounted for at least 25% of allergic sensitization and allergic rhinitis. Twin studies are useful to look at the effect of genetics versus environmental factors and to assess the influence of genetics on hay fever. One study reported that identical twins were more likely to both be sufferers of hay fever than non-identical twins were, a fact that immediately supports the role of genetics. It went on to say that, additive genetic effects accounted for 71% of the individual susceptibility to hay fever and non-shared environmental effects accounted for 29%. Twin studies have also provided estimates for the heritability of hay fever. Heritability is the amount of variation that is due to genetics, and studies include ranges of 33-76% in a study of 7-9-year-old Swedish twins and 74-82% in a Finnish study of 16-year-old twins. Although estimates of heritability vary considerably within and between studies, it is clear that hay fever has an associated genetic risk. In 2018, researchers published a study that identified 41 risk genes that increase the risk of developing hay fever, including 20 that were previously unknown. The authors suggested that the genes are involved in various immune pathways and that amino acid variants are important for antigen binding. In addition to a family history of hay fever or the presence of asthma or eczema, other factors including environmental exposure to pet hair, mold, dust, or air pollution, may increase the risk of developing hay fever or perennial allergic rhinitis. The genetic relationship between hay fever, asthma and eczema has been well studied and genetic links have been established. One study in 2018 found that asthma, hay fever and eczema share a large number (136) of genetic risk variants that dysregulate the expression of immune-related genes. Indeed, the number of genes thought to be shared between these three conditions continues to increase, with a more recent study from 2020 reporting 150 shared risk genes, including 60 that were previously unknown. While these two studies and others have helped to establish a genetic link between hay fever, asthma and eczema, they provide information about shared risk genes rather than elucidating a genetic cause. Overlaps between risk genes for hay fever and risk genes for autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease have also been found.

• #14 Hay Fever: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/hay-fever-leaflet

  Hay fever tends to run in families. […] Researchers have found several different genes which are linked with an increased risk of hay fever and other atopic conditions. […] It’s likely that some people inherit a set of genes which make them more likely to develop hay fever, but that something else needs to happen (an environmental trigger) too for them to develop the condition.

• #15 What Are Allergies? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/allergies/guide/

  Allergies occur when your immune system overreacts to substances called allergens. Common allergens that can trigger allergic reactions include pollen, pet dander, and bee venom. […] Allergic rhinitis (commonly known as hay fever), for instance, is associated with the following symptoms: […] More than 100 genes are associated with allergies, although only one or two genes affect any given population. Some of these genes affect the immune response; others affect lung and airway function. […] The most common allergens that trigger allergic reactions include: pollen, dust mites, pet dander or fur, cockroaches, mold spores, foods (eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, shellfish, and others), insect stings or bites (from wasps, bees, mosquitoes, fire ants, fleas, horseflies, black flies, among others), medicines, such as penicillin, aspirin (Vazalore), and others, latex, household chemicals, metals (especially nickel, cobalt, and chromates).

• #15 What Are Allergies? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/allergies/guide/

  Seasonal allergies are most often triggered by outdoor molds and pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, such as ragweed. […] Environmental factors, such as pollution and climate change associated with rising temperatures, may be contributing to a rise in allergies. Changes in the duration and intensity of pollen and mold seasons mean more people are exposed to allergens for longer amounts of time. […] Allergy symptoms last as long as you are exposed to an allergen, whereas a cold or the flu usually runs its course within two weeks. […] Allergies and asthma are on a spectrum and frequently overlap. […] The risk of developing asthma if you have allergic rhinitis is significant. […] Allergic reactions involve an overreaction by your immune system to otherwise harmless substances like pollen, pet dander, medicines, chemicals, metals, insect bites, or specific foods.

• #16 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Causes-Hay-Fever.aspx

  Hay fever refers to an allergic reaction to pollen, the fine powder-like substance that flowers release as part of reproduction. These pollen particles act as allergens, which means they irritate the lining of the mouth, nose, eyes and throat, causing the symptoms of allergic reaction such as inflammation and swelling. […] When a person has an allergic reaction, the body responds to a substance (allergen) as if it were a pathogen such as a virus or bacteria. In hay fever, the immune system launches an attack against pollen by releasing various chemicals in an attempt to prevent it spreading, like an infection would. It is the release of these chemicals (called histamines) that leads to the symptoms of hay fever such as itchy, red eyes and a runny or blocked nose. […] Exactly what causes this reaction by the immune system is unclear, but several factors have been identified that can increase the risk of getting hay fever. These include the following: The presence of another allergic condition such as asthma or eczema, A family history of hay fever, Previous exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood.

• #17 The Science Behind Hay Fever – Hay Fever Symptoms | Otrivine

  https://www.otrivine.co.uk/nasal-health/what-is-the-science-behind-hay-fever-and-other-allergies.html

  The immune systems role is to protect the body from viruses and bacteria. Hay fever is caused by the immune system becoming sensitised and overreacting to a harmless substance known as an allergen. […] Allergies are caused when your bodys immune system wrongly identifies a harmless substance as dangerous. These substances including pollen, dust mites, pet hair or saliva trigger the production of immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE antibodies). […] Allergens exist in many different forms; and include: Pollens from trees, grasses or weeds, Dust mites, Pet dander, Pet hair, Moulds, Certain foods. […] Climate change is one of the biggest issues facing our planet today. Increases in greenhouse gases are warming the world, changing rain and weather patterns and leading to more climate extremes. In the past decade, research has shown how climate change is giving rise to more opportunities for allergens to affect the lives of people with hay fever. […] Warmer climates and increased CO2 levels have meant that some plant species are now able to produce more pollen over a longer season, meaning those affected by hay fever may experience symptoms for longer periods of time.

• #18 Hay Fever: What Is It & What Causes It? | Holland & BarrettInstagramPinterestFacebookTwitter

  https://www.hollandandbarrett.com/the-health-hub/conditions/allergies/hayfever/causes-hay-fever/

  The increase in numbers of people suffering from hay fever is not clearly understood, but theories include our cleaner lifestyles making the immune system more reactive. […] A higher pollen count could also be to blame, combined with a rise in pollution – indeed, sufferers often find their hay fever symptoms get worse in cities. […] Climate change may also have an effect, as warmer temperatures lengthen growing seasons for trees, weeds and grasses.

• #19 Hay fever: why some people suffer from it and others don’t

  https://theconversation.com/hay-fever-why-some-people-suffer-from-it-and-others-dont-202553

  Some peoples immune systems may overreact to allergens, leading to an allergic response and the development of hay fever. […] Environmental factors such as exposure to air pollution, tobacco smoke and other irritants may also make a person more susceptible to hay fever. […] Similarly, exposure to second-hand smoke in early life is a risk factor for later development of hay fever. […] Some people may be exposed to allergens more frequently or in larger amounts than others, making them more susceptible to developing hay fever. […] Climate change is also altering the quantity and composition of pollen that plants release, as well as the timing. Increasing temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are causing some plants to produce more pollen, while other species are shifting their flowering periods to earlier in the year.

• #20 Allergies – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351497

  Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, can cause: […] Various substances can cause allergies. An allergy starts when the immune system mistakes a substance that’s usually harmless for a dangerous invader. The immune system then makes antibodies that stay on the alert for that specific allergen. When you’re exposed to the allergen again, these antibodies can release some immune system chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. […] Common allergy triggers include: […] Having a family history of asthma or allergies, such as hay fever, hives or eczema. […] If you have severe allergies, that raises your risk of this serious allergic reaction. Foods, medicines, latex and insect stings are the most common triggers of anaphylaxis. […] If you have an allergy, you’re more likely to have asthma. Asthma is an immune system reaction that affects the airways and breathing. Often, asthma is triggered by exposure to an allergen in the environment. This is known as allergy-induced asthma.

• #21 Hay Fever & Allergies in Warmer Seasons | ENT Princeton NJ

  https://www.entprinceton.com/conditions-treatments/warmer-seasons-bringing-hay-fever

  Particles such as dust, pollen, and animal dander cause nasal and sinus problems when inhaled, starting in ones early childhood. Such allergens are one of two causes of hay fever; the second stems from genetics and family history. […] Statistics show that instances of hay fever have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, with twice as many males becoming infected before adolescence, and more females becoming infected following adolescence. […] Should the childs history coupled with the exams point to hay fever, the doctor will order an allergy test. For treatment, the patient should avoid the allergens that triggered the condition, which will be revealed by the doctor and/or allergy screening test.

• #22 Hay Fever Symptoms, Treatment, Medicine, Causes & Remedies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hay_fever/article_em.htm

  Hay fever is an allergic reaction. It is your immune system’s response to foreign material in the air you breathe. […] Hay fever, like all allergic reactions, is caused by allergens, foreign „invaders” that enter your body by inhalation, by swallowing, or through your skin. […] In hay fever, the allergens are airborne substances that enter your airways (mouth, nose, throat, and lungs) via your breathing and the linings of your eyes and sometimes ears via direct contact. […] The most common allergens in hay fever are pollens. […] The other common allergens in hay fever are molds. […] Risk factors for hay fever include: Family members with hay fever, Repeated exposure to the allergen, Other allergic conditions such as eczema or asthma, Nasal polyps (small noncancerous growths in the lining of the nose). […] The allergens cause symptoms in an individual as he or she ages. Symptoms decrease in some allergy sufferers, but not all, as they grow older. […] Bodily changes of pregnancy may make hay fever worse.

• #23 Hay Fever: Seasonal Allergy Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://draxe.com/health/seasonal-allergy-symptoms/

  Stress plays a big part in keeping up immune defenses, and unmanaged stress can lead to worsened allergic reactions. […] Women who are pregnant, even those whove never suffered from allergies before, are more prone to allergic rhinitis. […] Examples of allergy triggers that can cause hay fever symptoms include pollen (tree, flower and grass), ragweed, mold, dust, grass, and residue from trees and flowers. […] These triggers are most likely to lead to rhinitis symptoms when the weather is dry and warm.

• #24 What triggers seasonal allergies? | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine

  https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-triggers-seasonal-allergies

  Warmer temperatures linked to climate change are extending pollen seasons, allowing plants like ragweed (a major allergy culprit) to produce more pollen for longer periods. Increased carbon dioxide levels, another consequence of climate change, may make pollen even more potent, which can cause stronger allergic reactions.

• #25 Hay Fever Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Medicine, Contagious

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hay_fever/article.htm

  Pollen is spread by the wind and is inhaled. […] These pollen particles are usually the male sex cells of the plant and are smaller than the tip of a pin or less than 40 microns in diameter. […] Pollen lodges in the nasal lining tissues (mucus membranes) and other parts of the respiratory tract, where it initiates the allergic response. […] Up to 7.8% of American adults suffer from allergic rhinitis. […] Approximately one in four people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma. […] Since allergic rhinitis is frequently caused by pollen, symptoms occur when pollen is in the air. […] Trees primarily pollinate in the spring, while grasses pollinate in the spring and summer. […] Weeds usually pollinate in the late summer and fall. […] Many people are also allergic to other substances such as mold spores, animal dander protein, and dust mites, to name a few.

• #25 Hay Fever Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Medicine, Contagious

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hay_fever/article.htm

  A person is genetically programmed to be allergic and is destined to be allergic from birth. […] Frequent exposure to a particular allergic substance is a risk factor for frequent attacks. […] Allergic rhinitis is a chronic condition, meaning that it persists over time. […] Allergic rhinitis is not associated with severe complications and can be managed effectively with medications and, in some cases, desensitization therapy. […] Because allergic rhinitis is related to genetic susceptibility, prevention of the condition is not possible.

• #26 Allergic Rhinitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/134825-overview

  The mediators that are immediately released include histamine, tryptase, chymase, kinins, and heparin. […] Over 4-8 hours, these mediators, through a complex interplay of events, lead to the recruitment of other inflammatory cells to the mucosa, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. […] Allergic rhinitis is also associated with otitis media, eustachian tube dysfunction, sinusitis, nasal polyps, allergic conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis. […] Evidence now suggests that uncontrolled allergic rhinitis can actually worsen the inflammation associated with asthma or atopic dermatitis. […] Numerous complications that can lead to increased morbidity or even mortality can occur secondary to allergic rhinitis. Possible complications include otitis media, eustachian tube dysfunction, acute sinusitis, and chronic sinusitis.

• #27 Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-a-to-z

  Blood tests also can be done to measure eosinophils (a type of white blood cell that increases in number during allergy seasons) or levels of IgE, an allergy-inducing antibody. […] Although hay fever symptoms can reappear each year when the offending plant begins to bloom, they tend to diminish as you get older. […] If steroid sprays and antihistamines fail, or if you have perennial symptoms, your doctor may recommend trying allergy shots (immunotherapy), a treatment aimed at desensitizing your body’s immune reaction to a particular allergen. […] In most cases, hay fever can be managed successfully by minimizing exposure to the allergens and treating with one or more medications.

• #27 Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-a-to-z

  Hay fever, also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, is an allergy-related inflammation of the nasal passages, throat and eye membrane (conjunctiva), caused by sensitivity to airborne pollens and molds. […] Hay fever and its sister ailment, perennial allergic rhinitis (a year-round sensitivity to animal dander, dust mites or cockroaches), are most common in people who have a family history of allergies or a personal history of allergy-related conditions, such as eczema and childhood asthma. […] Although seasonal allergic rhinitis can affect people in all age groups, its symptoms generally peak during childhood and adolescence. […] To identify the specific allergen (allergy-triggering substance) that is triggering your hay fever, your doctor may refer you to an allergist, who can do skin testing.

• #28 Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis.html

  Although hay fever symptoms can reappear each year when the offending plant begins to bloom, they tend to diminish as you get older. […] The best way to treat hay fever is to minimize exposure to the allergens, it is almost impossible to completely avoid airborne allergens such as pollen. […] Corticosteroid nasal sprays, such as beclomethasone (Beconase, Vancenase), budesonide (Nasonex) and fluticasone (Flonase), are probably the most effective treatment for hay fever and perennial allergic rhinitis. […] If steroid sprays and antihistamines fail, or if you have perennial symptoms, your doctor may recommend trying allergy shots (immunotherapy), a treatment aimed at desensitizing your body’s immune reaction to a particular allergen. […] In most cases, hay fever can be managed successfully by minimizing exposure to the allergens and treating with one or more medications.

• #29 Hay fever

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/hay_fever/

  If your child has perennial hay fever: talk with a doctor about testing for possible triggers, such as pollens and dust mites. […] There is no cure for hay fever, but there are proven ways to manage the condition and reduce its effects. […] Hay fever is a type of allergy. […] Seasonal hay fever is an allergy to pollen from trees, grasses, or plants. […] In contrast, perennial hay fever is an allergy to another substance, like animal fur. […] Skin prick testing and blood testing can sometimes be helpful you figure out what is causing your childs hay fever symptoms.

• #30 Hay fever

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hay-fever/

  Hay fever is an allergic reaction to the fine powder that plants produce, called pollen, usually when it comes into contact with your mouth, nose, eyes and throat. […] There’s currently no cure for hay fever and you cannot prevent it. […] Symptoms are usually worse between late March and September, especially when it’s warm, humid and windy. This is when the pollen count is at its highest.

• #31 Allergies Worsen Night & Morning: Causes & Treatment | CAAC

  https://www.carolinaasthma.com/blog/why-are-my-allergies-worse-at-night/

  Allergy symptoms often worsen at night due to several key factors: […] The American College of Allergy, Asthma, Immunology (ACAAI) says allergies can worsen in the morning for several important reasons: […] Sudden nighttime allergic reactions can be triggered by: […] Common nighttime allergy triggers include dust mites in bedding, pet dander, mold spores (especially in bathrooms), pollen transferred from daytime activities, and changes in your body’s natural hormone cycles. […] Your body naturally releases more histamine at night as part of its circadian rhythm. This increased histamine production, combined with lying down (which can worsen congestion), often leads to more intense allergy symptoms during nighttime hours. […] Daily morning allergies often indicate exposure to allergens in your bedroom. Common culprits include dust mites in bedding, pet dander, mold spores, or pollen that entered through open windows or on clothing worn outside. Additionally, early morning hours typically have higher pollen counts, which can worsen symptoms. […] Many people experience worse symptoms in the morning due to higher pollen counts and overnight exposure to indoor allergens, but experiences vary based on specific triggers.

• #32 Why Do Some Adults Suddenly Develop hay fever? – Thoracic and Sleep Group Queensland

  https://thoracicandsleep.com.au/blog/why-do-some-adults-suddenly-develop-hay-fever/

  Hay fever is an allergy to pollens the male reproductive parts of plants from grasses and trees. When these come into contact with the tissue inside the nose, they trigger an immune reaction which can cause congestion, sneezing, itching, and a runny nose. […] Despite plenty of research, no-one really knows. It could be that something in the environment of those with a genetic predisposition to allergies that sets it off. […] Some sort of shake-up to your immune system could be at play. An infection, illness, or extreme emotional event could result in a sudden allergy in adulthood, although again, the science on that is unclear. […] Identifying the allergen/s causing the symptoms is an important part of managing hay fever. In some cases the cause may be obvious but in others your doctor will need to consider your medical history together with the results of allergy tests (skin prick tests or allergen specific IgE blood tests), which may require referral to a specialist.

• #33 Hay Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Allergies and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/hay-fever/

  People affected by hay fever experience an allergic reaction to pollen from plants. […] The allergic rhinitis reaction is triggered when certain allergens such as pollen, mold or house dust come into contact with the lining of the eyes, nose and throat. […] Sufferers of hay fever commonly experience symptoms during the summer months when the pollen count is at its highest. […] To reduce the negative impact of hay fever, it is necessary to identify the specific allergens which trigger the symptoms. […] Particular plants which are known to cause hay fever symptoms on a widespread scale include: Airborne mold (summer and autumn), Grass pollen (spring and summer), Pollen from trees (spring and summer), Weed pollen (spring, summer and autumn). […] In people who are having an allergic response to pollen, levels of IgE in the blood will be significantly higher than in those who are not, leading to a diagnosis of hay fever. […] There is no absolute cure for allergic rhinitis, but the right treatment plan can reduce symptoms significantly and enable a normal quality of life. Immunotherapy/hyposensitization therapy can achieve long-term pollen desensitization to specific triggers.

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