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• #1 Neonatal herpes information and advice | Kit Tarka Foundation

  https://www.kittarkafoundation.org/neonatal-herpes-info-and-advice

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, also called 'neonatal herpes’ or 'neonatal HSV’, is a rare, but potentially fatal, disease which usually occurs in the first four weeks of a baby’s life. […] Early recognition and treatment of the virus has been shown to significantly improve babies’ chances of making a full recovery. […] Herpes simplex virus infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. It is typically divided into three categories: Infection of the skin, eyes and mouth (SEM), Infection involving the brain (central nervous system/CNS), Infection of multiple organs such as lung, liver, adrenal glands, brain and skin (disseminated). […] In young babies who have immature immune systems; HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death.

• #2

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/n/article/neonatalherpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a young baby. The younger the baby, the more vulnerable they are to the harmful effects of infection. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby, whose immune system will not have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] A baby is most at risk of getting a herpes infection in the first 4 weeks after birth. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Very often the baby will not have any specific herpes symptoms, such as a rash. […] Sometimes neonatal herpes will only affect the baby’s eyes, mouth or skin. […] But the condition is much more serious if it has spread to the baby’s organs. […] Many infants with this type of neonatal herpes will die, even after they have been treated. […] If widespread herpes is not treated immediately, there’s a high chance the baby will die.

• #3 Herpes Simplex Virus in the Newborn

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/herpes/newborns/fact_sheet.htm

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a virus that usually causes skin infections. […] HSV infection in newborn babies can be very severe and can even cause death. This is because newborns’ immune systems are not fully developed. […] Infected newborns may have mild symptoms at first, such as low grade fever (100.4 degrees F., or more, rectally), poor feeding, or one or more small skin blisters. This can happen two to 12 days after HSV exposure. If any of these occur, notify your doctor immediately. […] Newborns can become very sick quickly with high fever and seizures, and may become lethargic (floppy). […] HSV infection in newborns can be very severe and can even cause death. […] Newborns with HSV require hospitalization for intravenous antiviral medication for 21 days. Even with this treatment, some newborns can suffer death or brain damage from HSV infection.

• #4 Neonatal herpes information and advice | Kit Tarka Foundation

  https://www.kittarkafoundation.org/neonatal-herpes-info-and-advice

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, also called 'neonatal herpes’ or 'neonatal HSV’, is a rare, but potentially fatal, disease which usually occurs in the first four weeks of a baby’s life. […] Early recognition and treatment of the virus has been shown to significantly improve babies’ chances of making a full recovery. […] Herpes simplex virus infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. It is typically divided into three categories: Infection of the skin, eyes and mouth (SEM), Infection involving the brain (central nervous system/CNS), Infection of multiple organs such as lung, liver, adrenal glands, brain and skin (disseminated). […] In young babies who have immature immune systems; HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death.

• #5 Neonatal herpes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_herpes

  Neonatal herpes simplex, or simply neonatal herpes, is a herpes infection in a newborn baby, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It occurs mostly as a result of vertical transmission of the HSV from an affected mother to her baby. Types include skin, eye, and mouth herpes (SEM), disseminated herpes (DIS), and central nervous system herpes (CNS). Depending on the type, symptoms vary from a fever to small blisters, irritability, low body temperature, lethargy, breathing difficulty, and a large abdomen due to ascites or large liver. There may be red streaming eyes or no symptoms. […] Onset is typically in the first six weeks after birth. The baby is at greater risk of being affected if the mother contracts HSV in later pregnancy. […] Neonatal herpes manifests itself in three forms: skin, eye, and mouth herpes (SEM, sometimes referred to as „localized”); disseminated herpes (DIS); and central nervous system herpes (CNS).

• #6 Neonatal Herpes and the Urgency for Change

  https://herpescureadvocacy.com/neonatal-herpes-and-the-urgency-for-change/

  Neonatal herpes (nHSV), is a genital herpes infection that impacts newborns and is a serious health condition with devastating health outcomes. Herpes Simplex Virus is transmitted through the birth canal or congenitally from the mother. While neonatal herpes causes painful skin, eye, and/or mouth lesions, it also has severe and lasting neurological impacts, and it can be fatal 60% of the time. […] Neonatal herpes manifests in three ways, skin/eyes/mouth, disseminated disease, or a brain (or CNS) infection. […] 45% of neonatal herpes cases are an SEM infection. In an SEM infection, no internal organs are affected and the disease is limited to the skin, eyes, and mouth with virtually no mortality. […] 25% of neonatal herpes cases are disseminated disease where the infection reaches internal organs. When neonatal herpes reaches the internal organs or brain it is more serious and has a higher fatality rate and risk of lasting permanent brain injury.

• #7 Neonatal herpes information and advice | Kit Tarka Foundation

  https://www.kittarkafoundation.org/neonatal-herpes-info-and-advice

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, also called 'neonatal herpes’ or 'neonatal HSV’, is a rare, but potentially fatal, disease which usually occurs in the first four weeks of a baby’s life. […] Early recognition and treatment of the virus has been shown to significantly improve babies’ chances of making a full recovery. […] Herpes simplex virus infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. It is typically divided into three categories: Infection of the skin, eyes and mouth (SEM), Infection involving the brain (central nervous system/CNS), Infection of multiple organs such as lung, liver, adrenal glands, brain and skin (disseminated). […] In young babies who have immature immune systems; HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death.

• #8 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection-in-newborns

  Herpes simplex virus infection usually causes only annoying, recurring blisters in healthy adults but can cause severe infection in newborns. […] The main symptom is a rash of blisters. […] Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection usually start between the first and third weeks of life but rarely may not appear until the fourth week. The first symptom is usually a rash of small, fluid-filled blisters. The blisters can also appear inside the mouth and around the eyes. […] In some newborns, the infection affects only certain areas (localized). For example, the infection may involve only the eyes, skin, and mouth. Sometimes, only the brain and nervous system are affected. If a localized infection is not treated, some newborns develop a widespread infection. […] A widespread infection affects many areas. In affected infants, organs such as the eyes, lungs, liver, brain, and skin are all infected. Symptoms include sluggishness, diminished muscle tone, breathing problems, pauses in breathing (apnea), and seizures.

• #9 Congenital Herpes Simplex – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507897/

  Congenital herpes simplex is a rare but potentially devastating viral infection that occurs in newborns and is transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth. […] Newborns often present with nonspecific clinical findings, making timely and accurate diagnosis of infection critical. HSV infection in newborn infants manifests as disseminated disease involving multiple organs, most commonly the liver and lungs, in 25% of patients, localized central nervous system (CNS) disease with or without skin involvement in 30% of patients, and disease limited to the skin, eyes, and mouth (SEM disease) in the remaining 45%. More than 80% of neonates with SEM disease present with skin vesicles. […] Approximately two-thirds of neonates with disseminated or CNS disease have skin lesions, but other symptoms may be present before these lesions can be seen.

• #10 Herpes Simplex Virus in the Newborn

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/herpes/newborns/fact_sheet.htm

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a virus that usually causes skin infections. […] HSV infection in newborn babies can be very severe and can even cause death. This is because newborns’ immune systems are not fully developed. […] Infected newborns may have mild symptoms at first, such as low grade fever (100.4 degrees F., or more, rectally), poor feeding, or one or more small skin blisters. This can happen two to 12 days after HSV exposure. If any of these occur, notify your doctor immediately. […] Newborns can become very sick quickly with high fever and seizures, and may become lethargic (floppy). […] HSV infection in newborns can be very severe and can even cause death. […] Newborns with HSV require hospitalization for intravenous antiviral medication for 21 days. Even with this treatment, some newborns can suffer death or brain damage from HSV infection.

• #11

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx

  Signs that a baby may have been infected with HSV include low grade fever and one or more small skin blisters. These symptoms can occur 2 to 12 days after HSV exposure. […] If your newborn develops a blister-like rash or fever: This could be symptoms of a dangerous, neonatal herpes simplex infection.

• #12 Congenital Herpes Simplex – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507897/

  However, diagnosing neonatal HSV infection can be challenging when skin lesions are absent. […] Initial signs of HSV infection can occur anytime between birth and approximately 6 weeks of age, although almost all infected infants develop clinical disease within the first month of life. Infants with disseminated disease and SEM disease have an earlier age of onset, typically presenting between the first and second weeks of life. Infants with CNS disease usually present with illness between the second and third weeks of life. […] Congenital HSV infection can be clinically challenging due to the early manifestations often being subtle and nonspecific. […] SEM disease typically presents in the second to third week of life. The most common presenting sign is vesicular lesions on an erythematous base. Affected infants with CNS manifestations may initially have a fever, poor feeding, or present with a sudden episode of seizures or apnea. […] Infants with disseminated disease often present in the first 3 weeks of life with symptoms of sepsis.

• #13 Neonatal Herpes: Can You Be Born With Herpes?

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/neonatal-herpes-simplex

  Fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin, around their eyes and in their mouth are the most obvious signs. […] Signs and symptoms can appear any time within the first six weeks of life, but they almost always develop within the first four weeks. […] Fluid-filled blisters affecting your babys skin, eye area and mouth are the most obvious sign. But not all babies with neonatal herpes develop these blisters. It depends on the type of neonatal herpes they have. […] These usually appear between nine to 11 days after birth and include: Clear, fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin. The surrounding skin may look discolored. The blisters may touch each other or form clusters. […] These usually appear 16 to 19 days after birth and include: Extreme sleepiness. Irritability. Shaking. Little or no interest in feeding. Unstable body temperature (too high or low). Bulging soft spots on their scalp. Seizures. Fluid-filled blisters on their skin. These appear in 60% to 70% of newborns with brain disease.

• #14

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/n/article/neonatalherpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a young baby. The younger the baby, the more vulnerable they are to the harmful effects of infection. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby, whose immune system will not have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] A baby is most at risk of getting a herpes infection in the first 4 weeks after birth. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Very often the baby will not have any specific herpes symptoms, such as a rash. […] Sometimes neonatal herpes will only affect the baby’s eyes, mouth or skin. […] But the condition is much more serious if it has spread to the baby’s organs. […] Many infants with this type of neonatal herpes will die, even after they have been treated. […] If widespread herpes is not treated immediately, there’s a high chance the baby will die.

• #15 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Very often the baby won’t have any specific herpes symptoms, such as a rash. But they can become unwell very quickly, so you need to act fast. […] Neonatal herpes is usually treated with antiviral drugs given directly into the baby’s vein (intravenously). This treatment may be needed for several weeks. […] Sometimes neonatal herpes will only affect the baby’s eyes, mouth or skin. In these cases, most babies will make a complete recovery with antiviral treatment. […] But the condition is much more serious if it’s spread to the baby’s organs. Nearly a third of infants with this type of neonatal herpes will die, even after they have been treated. […] If widespread herpes isn’t treated immediately, there’s a high chance the baby will die.

• #16 Congenital Herpes Simplex – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507897/

  However, diagnosing neonatal HSV infection can be challenging when skin lesions are absent. […] Initial signs of HSV infection can occur anytime between birth and approximately 6 weeks of age, although almost all infected infants develop clinical disease within the first month of life. Infants with disseminated disease and SEM disease have an earlier age of onset, typically presenting between the first and second weeks of life. Infants with CNS disease usually present with illness between the second and third weeks of life. […] Congenital HSV infection can be clinically challenging due to the early manifestations often being subtle and nonspecific. […] SEM disease typically presents in the second to third week of life. The most common presenting sign is vesicular lesions on an erythematous base. Affected infants with CNS manifestations may initially have a fever, poor feeding, or present with a sudden episode of seizures or apnea. […] Infants with disseminated disease often present in the first 3 weeks of life with symptoms of sepsis.

• #17 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections can result in serious morbidity and mortality. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult, but it should be suspected in any newborn with irritability, lethargy, fever or poor feeding at one week of age. […] A neonatal HSV infection can be devastating to an infant. […] The presentation is nonspecific, with signs and symptoms such as irritability, lethargy, fever or failure to feed at about one week of age. […] By the time diagnosis is made, many infants have severe disease and have developed complications. […] There is virtually no mortality among infants with disease limited to the skin, eyes and mouth, but mortality increases to 15 percent among infants with encephalitis and 57 percent among infants with disseminated disease, even with antiviral therapy.

• #18 Neonatal herpes (Neonatal HSV) | Bliss

  https://www.bliss.org.uk/parents/about-your-baby/medical-conditions/neonatal-herpes

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. […] In young or premature babies who have immature immune systems, HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment with antiviral medication is essential to save the baby’s life. Even if treated, a baby could suffer permanent brain damage or die if they are not treated quickly enough. […] Signs of infection in a baby include: Lethargy/extreme tiredness, Irritability, High-pitched or abnormal cry, Poor feeding, Abnormally high or low temperature, Floppiness, Grunting or difficulty breathing (you may notice the baby 'sucking in’ between and underneath their ribs), Rash or sores on the skin, eye or inside the mouth (but not all babies will have signs on their skin when they first become unwell).

• #19 Neonatal herpes information and advice | Kit Tarka Foundation

  https://www.kittarkafoundation.org/neonatal-herpes-info-and-advice

  Early recognition and prompt treatment with antiviral medication is essential to save the baby’s life. Even if treated, a baby may suffer permanent brain damage or die. […] Babies with an HSV infection can become unwell very quickly but the early symptoms may not be very obvious. There is no clear pattern of signs and symptoms that identifies babies with neonatal HSV meaning herpes should be considered in all unwell babies in order to treat them quickly enough. […] Signs of infection in a baby include: Lethargy/extreme tiredness, Irritability, High-pitched or abnormal cry, Poor feeding, Abnormally high or low temperature, Floppiness, Grunting or difficulty breathing, Rash or sores on the skin, eye or inside the mouth. […] If you are concerned your baby has an infection, seek medical assistance as soon as possible and always ask 'Could it be herpes?’.

• #20 Neonatal herpes (Neonatal HSV) | Bliss

  https://www.bliss.org.uk/parents/about-your-baby/medical-conditions/neonatal-herpes

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. […] In young or premature babies who have immature immune systems, HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment with antiviral medication is essential to save the baby’s life. Even if treated, a baby could suffer permanent brain damage or die if they are not treated quickly enough. […] Signs of infection in a baby include: Lethargy/extreme tiredness, Irritability, High-pitched or abnormal cry, Poor feeding, Abnormally high or low temperature, Floppiness, Grunting or difficulty breathing (you may notice the baby 'sucking in’ between and underneath their ribs), Rash or sores on the skin, eye or inside the mouth (but not all babies will have signs on their skin when they first become unwell).

• #21 Factsheet – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/neonatalherpes/factsheet/

  Babies with HSV can become unwell very quickly, and the symptoms may not be very obvious. Signs of infection in babies include: Lethargy or irritability, Not feeding, High temperature, Grunting or difficulty with breathing, Rash or sores on the skin, eye or inside the mouth. […] If you are concerned that your baby may have an infection, seek medical advice as soon as possible. […] Some babies, particularly those with SEM disease, will make a full recovery with treatment but the condition is much more serious if it has spread to the babys organs and may result in death even with treatment.

• #22 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a newborn baby. It’s caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is a highly contagious virus that can cause cold sores and genital ulcers in adults. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby whose immune system won’t have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Call your GP or your health visitor straight away if your baby: is lethargic or irritable, isn’t feeding, has a high temperature (fever), has a rash or sores on the skin, eye and inside the mouth. […] These are early warning signs that your baby may be unwell. […] Call 999 immediately if your baby: is lacking in energy (listless), is becoming floppy and unresponsive, is difficult to wake up from sleep, has difficulty breathing or starts grunting, breathes rapidly, has a blue tongue and skin (cyanosis).

• #23 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a newborn baby. It’s caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is a highly contagious virus that can cause cold sores and genital ulcers in adults. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby whose immune system won’t have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Call your GP or your health visitor straight away if your baby: is lethargic or irritable, isn’t feeding, has a high temperature (fever), has a rash or sores on the skin, eye and inside the mouth. […] These are early warning signs that your baby may be unwell. […] Call 999 immediately if your baby: is lacking in energy (listless), is becoming floppy and unresponsive, is difficult to wake up from sleep, has difficulty breathing or starts grunting, breathes rapidly, has a blue tongue and skin (cyanosis).

• #24 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection is usually transmitted during delivery. A typical sign is vesicular eruption, which may be accompanied by or progress to disseminated disease. […] Clinical manifestations generally occur between the first and third weeks of life but rarely may not appear until as late as the fourth week. Neonates may present with local or disseminated disease. […] Skin vesicles are common with either type, occurring in approximately 70% of neonates overall. Neonates with no skin vesicles usually have eye lesions, oral lesions, or central nervous system (CNS) infection. In neonates with isolated skin or mucosal disease, progressive or more serious forms of disease frequently follow within 7 to 10 days if left untreated. […] Neonates with localized disease can be divided into 2 groups. One group has encephalitis manifested by neurologic findings, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and elevated protein concentration, with or without concomitant involvement of the skin, eyes, and mouth. The other group has only skin, eye, and mouth involvement and no evidence of CNS or organ disease.

• #25 Neonatal Herpes: Can You Be Born With Herpes?

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/neonatal-herpes-simplex

  Fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin, around their eyes and in their mouth are the most obvious signs. […] Signs and symptoms can appear any time within the first six weeks of life, but they almost always develop within the first four weeks. […] Fluid-filled blisters affecting your babys skin, eye area and mouth are the most obvious sign. But not all babies with neonatal herpes develop these blisters. It depends on the type of neonatal herpes they have. […] These usually appear between nine to 11 days after birth and include: Clear, fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin. The surrounding skin may look discolored. The blisters may touch each other or form clusters. […] These usually appear 16 to 19 days after birth and include: Extreme sleepiness. Irritability. Shaking. Little or no interest in feeding. Unstable body temperature (too high or low). Bulging soft spots on their scalp. Seizures. Fluid-filled blisters on their skin. These appear in 60% to 70% of newborns with brain disease.

• #26 Birth-Acquired Herpes: Causes, Symptoms, Picture, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/birth-acquired-herpes

  Birth-acquired herpes is a herpes virus infection that an infant gets during delivery or, less commonly, while still in the womb. The infection can also develop shortly after birth. Babies with birth-acquired herpes get the infection from mothers who are infected with genital herpes. […] Infants who are born with herpes may have a skin infection or a system-wide infection called systemic herpes, or both. Systemic herpes is more serious and can cause a variety of issues. These issues may include: brain damage, breathing problems, seizures. […] The symptoms of birth-acquired herpes usually appear within the first few weeks of the babys life and may be present at birth. […] Birth-acquired herpes is easiest to identify when it appears as a skin infection. The baby may have clusters of fluid-filled blisters on their torso or around their eyes.

• #27 Neonatal herpes – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_herpes

  CNS herpes is an infection of the nervous system and the brain that can lead to encephalitis. Infants with CNS herpes present with seizures, tremors, lethargy, and irritability. They feed poorly, have unstable temperatures, and their fontanelle (soft spot of the skull) may bulge. […] SEM herpes has the best prognosis of the three, however if left untreated it may progress to disseminated or CNS herpes with attendant increases in mortality and morbidity. […] Death from neonatal HSV disease in the U.S. is currently decreasing; the current death rate is about 25%, down from as high as 85% in untreated cases just a few decades ago. Other complications from neonatal herpes include prematurity, with approximately 50% of cases having a gestation of 38 weeks or less, and concurrent sepsis in approximately one-quarter of cases that further clouds speedy diagnosis.

• #28 Neonatal Herpes: Can You Be Born With Herpes?

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/neonatal-herpes-simplex

  Fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin, around their eyes and in their mouth are the most obvious signs. […] Signs and symptoms can appear any time within the first six weeks of life, but they almost always develop within the first four weeks. […] Fluid-filled blisters affecting your babys skin, eye area and mouth are the most obvious sign. But not all babies with neonatal herpes develop these blisters. It depends on the type of neonatal herpes they have. […] These usually appear between nine to 11 days after birth and include: Clear, fluid-filled blisters on your babys skin. The surrounding skin may look discolored. The blisters may touch each other or form clusters. […] These usually appear 16 to 19 days after birth and include: Extreme sleepiness. Irritability. Shaking. Little or no interest in feeding. Unstable body temperature (too high or low). Bulging soft spots on their scalp. Seizures. Fluid-filled blisters on their skin. These appear in 60% to 70% of newborns with brain disease.

• #29 Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis | ABC Law Centers: Birth Injury Lawyers

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/neonatal-herpes-encephalitis/

  Neonatal herpes manifests in three main forms: […] Signs of neonatal herpes typically present between 6 and 21 days after the baby is delivered. […] If neonatal herpes is suspected, doctors should look for: irritability, lethargy, respiratory problems (e.g. grunting, rapid breathing, apnea), feeding problems, blue appearance (Cyanosis), yellowing of skin and eyes (Jaundice), bleeding easily, fever, soft spot protruding from the baby’s head (Bulging fontanelle), abnormal movements/positioning, seizures, hepatitis, pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). […] Failure to promptly diagnose neonatal herpes greatly increases the seriousness of the disease and increases the chance of herpes encephalitis, permanent brain injury, and death. Neonatal herpes that is localized in the skin, eyes, or mouth is unlikely to cause permanent harm, but without prompt treatment, it may progress to the central nervous system (encephalitis) or into a disseminated disease pattern, both of which are extremely dangerous.

• #30 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. Other signs, which can occur singly or in combination, include temperature instability, lethargy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures. […] The mortality rate of untreated disseminated herpes simplex disease is 85%; among neonates with untreated encephalitis, it is approximately 50%. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of disseminated disease or encephalitis have severe neurologic sequelae. Appropriate treatment, including parenteral acyclovir, decreases the mortality rate in CNS and disseminated disease by 50% and significantly increases the percentage of children who develop normally. Even in infants who have been treated, however, neurologic and developmental sequelae are seen in 13% of those with disseminated disease and in 40 to 70% of those with CNS disease. […] Death is uncommon in neonates with local disease limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these neonates progress to disseminated disease or CNS disease that may be unrecognized.

• #31 Neonatal Herpes: Can You Be Born With Herpes?

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/neonatal-herpes-simplex

  These usually appear 10 to 12 days after birth. Things you may notice in your baby include: Unstable body temperature (too high or low). Irritability. Extreme sleepiness. Little or no interest in feeding. Fast breathing and other changes to their breathing pattern (respiratory distress). Swollen belly. Fluid-filled blisters on their skin. These appear in about 60% of babies with disseminated disease, often later in the course of the infection. […] The herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes neonatal herpes. Newborns can get very sick from HSV because their immune systems are still developing. […] If healthcare providers suspect your baby has neonatal herpes, its very likely that your baby will be admitted to the hospital for treatment. […] Providers use an antiviral medication called acyclovir to treat neonatal herpes. Your baby will receive this treatment through an IV and then by mouth (as a liquid).

• #32 Herpes Danger to Infants

  https://www.birthinjuryhelpcenter.org/birth-injuries/delivery-complications/herpes-infants-birth/

  Newborns that are infected at first may exhibit only mild symptoms, such as a low grade fever, poor feeding, or a few small skin blisters. These symptoms can occur anywhere from 2-12 days after transmission of the virus. For some infants, these symptoms will remain mild, but for others with a systemic infection, things can escalate very quickly. In these more severe cases, the fever may become high, the baby may experience seizures, lethargy may kick in where the baby becomes floppy, and eye inflammation, blindness, and respiratory illnesses could occur. […] The babys vital organs can also be affected such as the lungs, kidneys, liver and central nervous system. When the liver becomes affected, the baby will likely become jaundiced while when the central nervous system is affected, seizures, shock, and hypothermia could occur. In the most severe cases, HSV-2 can cause encephalitis which causes the brain to become inflamed and often results in brain damage. If you think your baby is experiencing any of these symptoms, mild or severe, it is very important to contact a physician immediately to have your baby examined.

• #33 Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis | ABC Law Centers: Birth Injury Lawyers

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/neonatal-herpes-encephalitis/

  Neonatal herpes manifests in three main forms: […] Signs of neonatal herpes typically present between 6 and 21 days after the baby is delivered. […] If neonatal herpes is suspected, doctors should look for: irritability, lethargy, respiratory problems (e.g. grunting, rapid breathing, apnea), feeding problems, blue appearance (Cyanosis), yellowing of skin and eyes (Jaundice), bleeding easily, fever, soft spot protruding from the baby’s head (Bulging fontanelle), abnormal movements/positioning, seizures, hepatitis, pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). […] Failure to promptly diagnose neonatal herpes greatly increases the seriousness of the disease and increases the chance of herpes encephalitis, permanent brain injury, and death. Neonatal herpes that is localized in the skin, eyes, or mouth is unlikely to cause permanent harm, but without prompt treatment, it may progress to the central nervous system (encephalitis) or into a disseminated disease pattern, both of which are extremely dangerous.

• #34 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Long-term morbidity is common in infants who survive with encephalitis or disseminated disease, and may include seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness or learning disabilities. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult initially. […] Any vesicular rash in an infant up to eight weeks of age should be cultured and the infant immediately started on antiviral therapy with acyclovir pending culture results. […] All infants suspected to have or who are diagnosed with an HSV infection should be treated with parenteral antiviral therapy. […] The duration of disease before antiviral therapy is initiated is significantly correlated with morbidity and mortality.

• #35 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. Other signs, which can occur singly or in combination, include temperature instability, lethargy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures. […] The mortality rate of untreated disseminated herpes simplex disease is 85%; among neonates with untreated encephalitis, it is approximately 50%. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of disseminated disease or encephalitis have severe neurologic sequelae. Appropriate treatment, including parenteral acyclovir, decreases the mortality rate in CNS and disseminated disease by 50% and significantly increases the percentage of children who develop normally. Even in infants who have been treated, however, neurologic and developmental sequelae are seen in 13% of those with disseminated disease and in 40 to 70% of those with CNS disease. […] Death is uncommon in neonates with local disease limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these neonates progress to disseminated disease or CNS disease that may be unrecognized.

• #36 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection-in-newborns

  If herpes simplex virus infection of the newborn is not treated, it usually progresses to severe problems. The infection is fatal in approximately 85% of babies with untreated widespread infection and in approximately 50% of newborns with untreated brain infection. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of widespread disease or brain infection have severe neurologic problems. Even with treatment, newborns with widespread infection or brain infections may have neurologic or developmental problems. […] Severe infection is not common among newborns whose infection is limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these newborns develop widespread infection or brain infection.

• #37 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection is usually transmitted during delivery. A typical sign is vesicular eruption, which may be accompanied by or progress to disseminated disease. […] Clinical manifestations generally occur between the first and third weeks of life but rarely may not appear until as late as the fourth week. Neonates may present with local or disseminated disease. […] Skin vesicles are common with either type, occurring in approximately 70% of neonates overall. Neonates with no skin vesicles usually have eye lesions, oral lesions, or central nervous system (CNS) infection. In neonates with isolated skin or mucosal disease, progressive or more serious forms of disease frequently follow within 7 to 10 days if left untreated. […] Neonates with localized disease can be divided into 2 groups. One group has encephalitis manifested by neurologic findings, cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and elevated protein concentration, with or without concomitant involvement of the skin, eyes, and mouth. The other group has only skin, eye, and mouth involvement and no evidence of CNS or organ disease.

• #38 Neonatal herpes (Neonatal HSV) | Bliss

  https://www.bliss.org.uk/parents/about-your-baby/medical-conditions/neonatal-herpes

  If you are concerned your baby has an infection, seek medical assistance as soon as possible and always ask 'Could it be herpes?’. […] Babies with localised HSV infection on their skin, eyes or mouth may otherwise appear well, but these infections can quickly spread and cause them to become seriously unwell if left untreated. […] Many babies make a full recovery but, even with treatment, if the infection has spread to the baby’s organs it may result in permanent disability or death.

• #39 Birth-Acquired Herpes: Causes, Symptoms, Picture, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/birth-acquired-herpes

  The blisters, called vesicles, are the same type of blisters that appear on the genital regions of adults with herpes. The vesicles may burst and crust over before healing. An infant can be born with the blisters or develop the sores a week after birth. […] Infants with birth-acquired herpes might also appear extremely tired and have trouble feeding. […] The systemic form of congenital herpes, or disseminated herpes infection, occurs when the entire body becomes infected with herpes. It affects more than just the babys skin and can cause serious complications, such as: eye inflammation, blindness, seizures and seizure disorders, respiratory illnesses. […] The HSV can also cause a dangerous condition known as encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain that may lead to brain damage. […] Babies with systemic herpes infections may not even respond to treatment and can possibly face several additional health risks. Disseminated birth-acquired herpes may be life-threatening and can cause neurological problems or coma.

• #40 Neonatal Herpes and the Urgency for Change

  https://herpescureadvocacy.com/neonatal-herpes-and-the-urgency-for-change/

  And most dangerous, accounting for 30% of all cases, another clinical outcome of neonatal herpes is localized brain or CNS infection, which is characterized by inflammation affecting the brain and spinal cord, which often is fatal and leads to long-term health conditions. […] Consequences for surviving infants can be dire and the most fatal manifestation of the disease. Infants surviving neonatal herpes often have permanent brain damage that can inhibit the basic physiological functions needed for a normal life. This form of disease can lead to cerebral palsy, mental retardation, microcephaly, other forms of neurological disorder, and behavioral, or intellectual outcomes.

• #41 Neonatal Herpes and the Urgency for Change

  https://herpescureadvocacy.com/neonatal-herpes-and-the-urgency-for-change/

  And most dangerous, accounting for 30% of all cases, another clinical outcome of neonatal herpes is localized brain or CNS infection, which is characterized by inflammation affecting the brain and spinal cord, which often is fatal and leads to long-term health conditions. […] Consequences for surviving infants can be dire and the most fatal manifestation of the disease. Infants surviving neonatal herpes often have permanent brain damage that can inhibit the basic physiological functions needed for a normal life. This form of disease can lead to cerebral palsy, mental retardation, microcephaly, other forms of neurological disorder, and behavioral, or intellectual outcomes.

• #42 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Long-term morbidity is common in infants who survive with encephalitis or disseminated disease, and may include seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness or learning disabilities. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult initially. […] Any vesicular rash in an infant up to eight weeks of age should be cultured and the infant immediately started on antiviral therapy with acyclovir pending culture results. […] All infants suspected to have or who are diagnosed with an HSV infection should be treated with parenteral antiviral therapy. […] The duration of disease before antiviral therapy is initiated is significantly correlated with morbidity and mortality.

• #43 Herpes Danger to Infants

  https://www.birthinjuryhelpcenter.org/birth-injuries/delivery-complications/herpes-infants-birth/

  Newborns that are infected at first may exhibit only mild symptoms, such as a low grade fever, poor feeding, or a few small skin blisters. These symptoms can occur anywhere from 2-12 days after transmission of the virus. For some infants, these symptoms will remain mild, but for others with a systemic infection, things can escalate very quickly. In these more severe cases, the fever may become high, the baby may experience seizures, lethargy may kick in where the baby becomes floppy, and eye inflammation, blindness, and respiratory illnesses could occur. […] The babys vital organs can also be affected such as the lungs, kidneys, liver and central nervous system. When the liver becomes affected, the baby will likely become jaundiced while when the central nervous system is affected, seizures, shock, and hypothermia could occur. In the most severe cases, HSV-2 can cause encephalitis which causes the brain to become inflamed and often results in brain damage. If you think your baby is experiencing any of these symptoms, mild or severe, it is very important to contact a physician immediately to have your baby examined.

• #44 Herpes Danger to Infants

  https://www.birthinjuryhelpcenter.org/birth-injuries/delivery-complications/herpes-infants-birth/

  Newborns that are infected at first may exhibit only mild symptoms, such as a low grade fever, poor feeding, or a few small skin blisters. These symptoms can occur anywhere from 2-12 days after transmission of the virus. For some infants, these symptoms will remain mild, but for others with a systemic infection, things can escalate very quickly. In these more severe cases, the fever may become high, the baby may experience seizures, lethargy may kick in where the baby becomes floppy, and eye inflammation, blindness, and respiratory illnesses could occur. […] The babys vital organs can also be affected such as the lungs, kidneys, liver and central nervous system. When the liver becomes affected, the baby will likely become jaundiced while when the central nervous system is affected, seizures, shock, and hypothermia could occur. In the most severe cases, HSV-2 can cause encephalitis which causes the brain to become inflamed and often results in brain damage. If you think your baby is experiencing any of these symptoms, mild or severe, it is very important to contact a physician immediately to have your baby examined.

• #45 Pregnancy and herpes: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001368.htm

  Newborn infants can become infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) during pregnancy, during labor or delivery, or after birth. […] Herpes may only appear as a skin infection. Small, fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) may appear. These blisters break, crust over, and finally heal. A mild scar may remain. […] Newborn infants with HSV that has spread to the brain or other parts of the body are often very sick. Symptoms include: Skin sores, fluid-filled blisters, Bleeding easily, Breathing difficulties such as rapid breathing and short periods without breathing, which can lead to nostril flaring, grunting, or blue appearance, Yellow skin and whites of the eyes, Weakness, Low body temperature (hypothermia), Poor feeding, Seizures, shock, or coma. […] HSV that is caught shortly after birth has symptoms similar to those of birth-acquired herpes. […] If your baby has any symptoms of birth-acquired herpes, including skin blisters with no other symptoms, have the baby seen by your provider right away.

• #46 Congenital Herpes Simplex – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507897/

  Congenital HSV infection should be suspected in neonates and infants up to 6 weeks of age with any of the following: Mucocutaneous vesicles, Sepsis-like illness (eg, fever or hypothermia, irritability, lethargy, respiratory distress, apnea, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, ascites), CSF pleocytosis, Seizures, Focal neurologic signs, Abnormal neuroimaging, Respiratory distress, apnea, or progressive pneumonitis, Thrombocytopenia, Elevated liver transaminases, viral hepatitis, or acute liver failure, Conjunctivitis, excessive tearing, or painful eye symptoms. […] The prognosis of congenital HSV infection is contingent upon several factors, including the timing of maternal infection, the promptness of diagnosis, and the extent of neonatal organ involvement. […] The best outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality are observed among infants with SEM disease. Approximately 50% of infants surviving congenital HSV experience cutaneous recurrences, with the first skin recurrence often occurring within 1 to 2 weeks of stopping parenteral acyclovir treatment. However, those with severe manifestations, particularly CNS involvement, face a higher risk of long-term neurological sequelae and developmental challenges. […] Despite therapeutic efforts, the morbidity and mortality rates for severe cases remain considerable. Ocular complications and neurodevelopmental deficits are potential long-term consequences, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up and multidisciplinary care for affected infants.

• #47 Herpes infection in newborn babies (neonatal herpes)

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/neonatal-herpes/

  Your baby will usually be given antiviral medicine if they have neonatal herpes. This is given through a drip into a vein. […] Sometimes the virus only affects a baby’s skin, eyes or mouth. Most make a full recovery after treatment with antiviral medicine. […] If the virus spreads to a baby’s organs, the infection is life-threatening.

• #48 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Very often the baby won’t have any specific herpes symptoms, such as a rash. But they can become unwell very quickly, so you need to act fast. […] Neonatal herpes is usually treated with antiviral drugs given directly into the baby’s vein (intravenously). This treatment may be needed for several weeks. […] Sometimes neonatal herpes will only affect the baby’s eyes, mouth or skin. In these cases, most babies will make a complete recovery with antiviral treatment. […] But the condition is much more serious if it’s spread to the baby’s organs. Nearly a third of infants with this type of neonatal herpes will die, even after they have been treated. […] If widespread herpes isn’t treated immediately, there’s a high chance the baby will die.

• #49 Neonatal herpes – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/neonatal-herpes/

  Neonatal herpes can present with various symptoms, and diagnosis can be challenging. […] Neonatal herpes acquired peri- or post-partum causes three different types of disease entities which are not entirely mutually exclusive: […] Skin Eye Mouth (SEM) disease is a local infection affecting the skin and mucosa without the involvement of visceral organs. The incubation time is usually 7-12 days. The prognosis of SEM disease is good, but there can be long-term consequences such as eye damage and scarring. Neurological involvement can sometimes be subtle and presents itself in 5-10% of patients. […] Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, with incubation of up to six weeks, can occur with or without skin symptoms. Mortality is around 4% despite treatment (and 50% without treatment), and significant morbidity can occur. Only 1/3 of babies with CNS disease subsequently have normal neurological development.

• #50 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. Other signs, which can occur singly or in combination, include temperature instability, lethargy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures. […] The mortality rate of untreated disseminated herpes simplex disease is 85%; among neonates with untreated encephalitis, it is approximately 50%. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of disseminated disease or encephalitis have severe neurologic sequelae. Appropriate treatment, including parenteral acyclovir, decreases the mortality rate in CNS and disseminated disease by 50% and significantly increases the percentage of children who develop normally. Even in infants who have been treated, however, neurologic and developmental sequelae are seen in 13% of those with disseminated disease and in 40 to 70% of those with CNS disease. […] Death is uncommon in neonates with local disease limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these neonates progress to disseminated disease or CNS disease that may be unrecognized.

• #51 Neonatal herpes – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/neonatal-herpes/

  Disseminated infection in which skin, mucosa, as well as other organs (such as lungs, liver, adrenal glands) are affected. The presenting symptoms are subtle, such as lethargy, feeding difficulties, vomiting, and fever. Later, multi-organ failure, pneumonia, hepatomegaly, and CNS involvement (encephalitis, meningitis) can occur. The mortality is high (~30%), especially in cases with delayed diagnosis. […] In addition, HSV can cause in-utero disease, which is rare but has severe sequelae. Babies are usually born with severe scarring, eye problems, and neurological problems (hydranencephaly, calcifications, microcephaly). Few survive. […] Neonatal herpes is rare, but its consequences can be devastating; awareness of the disease and its varying presentations, and testing when you suspect it, is therefore essential.

• #52 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection

  Neonates with disseminated disease and visceral organ involvement have hepatitis, pneumonitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or a combination, with or without encephalitis or skin disease. Other signs, which can occur singly or in combination, include temperature instability, lethargy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures. […] The mortality rate of untreated disseminated herpes simplex disease is 85%; among neonates with untreated encephalitis, it is approximately 50%. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of disseminated disease or encephalitis have severe neurologic sequelae. Appropriate treatment, including parenteral acyclovir, decreases the mortality rate in CNS and disseminated disease by 50% and significantly increases the percentage of children who develop normally. Even in infants who have been treated, however, neurologic and developmental sequelae are seen in 13% of those with disseminated disease and in 40 to 70% of those with CNS disease. […] Death is uncommon in neonates with local disease limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these neonates progress to disseminated disease or CNS disease that may be unrecognized.

• #53 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection-in-newborns

  If herpes simplex virus infection of the newborn is not treated, it usually progresses to severe problems. The infection is fatal in approximately 85% of babies with untreated widespread infection and in approximately 50% of newborns with untreated brain infection. Without treatment, at least 65% of survivors of widespread disease or brain infection have severe neurologic problems. Even with treatment, newborns with widespread infection or brain infections may have neurologic or developmental problems. […] Severe infection is not common among newborns whose infection is limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth. However, without treatment, many of these newborns develop widespread infection or brain infection.

• #54 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Long-term morbidity is common in infants who survive with encephalitis or disseminated disease, and may include seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness or learning disabilities. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult initially. […] Any vesicular rash in an infant up to eight weeks of age should be cultured and the infant immediately started on antiviral therapy with acyclovir pending culture results. […] All infants suspected to have or who are diagnosed with an HSV infection should be treated with parenteral antiviral therapy. […] The duration of disease before antiviral therapy is initiated is significantly correlated with morbidity and mortality.

• #55 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Long-term morbidity is common in infants who survive with encephalitis or disseminated disease, and may include seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness or learning disabilities. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult initially. […] Any vesicular rash in an infant up to eight weeks of age should be cultured and the infant immediately started on antiviral therapy with acyclovir pending culture results. […] All infants suspected to have or who are diagnosed with an HSV infection should be treated with parenteral antiviral therapy. […] The duration of disease before antiviral therapy is initiated is significantly correlated with morbidity and mortality.

• #56 Congenital Herpes Simplex – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507897/

  Congenital HSV infection should be suspected in neonates and infants up to 6 weeks of age with any of the following: Mucocutaneous vesicles, Sepsis-like illness (eg, fever or hypothermia, irritability, lethargy, respiratory distress, apnea, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, ascites), CSF pleocytosis, Seizures, Focal neurologic signs, Abnormal neuroimaging, Respiratory distress, apnea, or progressive pneumonitis, Thrombocytopenia, Elevated liver transaminases, viral hepatitis, or acute liver failure, Conjunctivitis, excessive tearing, or painful eye symptoms. […] The prognosis of congenital HSV infection is contingent upon several factors, including the timing of maternal infection, the promptness of diagnosis, and the extent of neonatal organ involvement. […] The best outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality are observed among infants with SEM disease. Approximately 50% of infants surviving congenital HSV experience cutaneous recurrences, with the first skin recurrence often occurring within 1 to 2 weeks of stopping parenteral acyclovir treatment. However, those with severe manifestations, particularly CNS involvement, face a higher risk of long-term neurological sequelae and developmental challenges. […] Despite therapeutic efforts, the morbidity and mortality rates for severe cases remain considerable. Ocular complications and neurodevelopmental deficits are potential long-term consequences, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up and multidisciplinary care for affected infants.

• #57 Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection: Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection causes serious morbidity and mortality and leaves many survivors with permanent sequelae. […] Strong clinical suspicion, timely diagnosis, and early antiviral treatment are critical to improving outcome. […] The clinical features and diagnosis of neonatal HSV infection will be reviewed here. […] Signs and symptoms of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection.

• #58 Neonatal herpes (Neonatal HSV) | Bliss

  https://www.bliss.org.uk/parents/about-your-baby/medical-conditions/neonatal-herpes

  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a newborn baby is called neonatal herpes or neonatal HSV. […] In young or premature babies who have immature immune systems, HSV infections can spread rapidly if left untreated, causing irreversible cell damage which can lead to permanent disability or death. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment with antiviral medication is essential to save the baby’s life. Even if treated, a baby could suffer permanent brain damage or die if they are not treated quickly enough. […] Signs of infection in a baby include: Lethargy/extreme tiredness, Irritability, High-pitched or abnormal cry, Poor feeding, Abnormally high or low temperature, Floppiness, Grunting or difficulty breathing (you may notice the baby 'sucking in’ between and underneath their ribs), Rash or sores on the skin, eye or inside the mouth (but not all babies will have signs on their skin when they first become unwell).

• #59 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0315/p1138.html

  Long-term morbidity is common in infants who survive with encephalitis or disseminated disease, and may include seizures, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, blindness or learning disabilities. […] The diagnosis of neonatal HSV can be difficult initially. […] Any vesicular rash in an infant up to eight weeks of age should be cultured and the infant immediately started on antiviral therapy with acyclovir pending culture results. […] All infants suspected to have or who are diagnosed with an HSV infection should be treated with parenteral antiviral therapy. […] The duration of disease before antiviral therapy is initiated is significantly correlated with morbidity and mortality.

• #60 Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/prevention-management-neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-infections

  NHSV infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis syndrome, particularly when this condition is accompanied by liver dysfunction and even when there is no known history of maternal HSV and the infant has no skin vesicles. […] Infants who present with disseminated disease are less likely to survive than infants with SEM or CNS disease. […] Early therapy with intravenous (IV) ACV improves the prognosis for all three presentations of NHSV. Therefore, infants should be started on IV ACV before laboratory confirmation of NHSV, as soon as the infection is suspected clinically. […] The dose is 60 mg/kg/day in three divided doses administered every 8 h, assuming that renal function is normal. Treatment duration should be 14 days if the disease is limited to the skin, eyes or mouth, and a minimum of 21 days if the infection involves the CNS or is disseminated.

• #61 Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/prevention-management-neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-infections

  NHSV infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis syndrome, particularly when this condition is accompanied by liver dysfunction and even when there is no known history of maternal HSV and the infant has no skin vesicles. […] Infants who present with disseminated disease are less likely to survive than infants with SEM or CNS disease. […] Early therapy with intravenous (IV) ACV improves the prognosis for all three presentations of NHSV. Therefore, infants should be started on IV ACV before laboratory confirmation of NHSV, as soon as the infection is suspected clinically. […] The dose is 60 mg/kg/day in three divided doses administered every 8 h, assuming that renal function is normal. Treatment duration should be 14 days if the disease is limited to the skin, eyes or mouth, and a minimum of 21 days if the infection involves the CNS or is disseminated.

• #62 Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/prevention-management-neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-infections

  NHSV infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis syndrome, particularly when this condition is accompanied by liver dysfunction and even when there is no known history of maternal HSV and the infant has no skin vesicles. […] Infants who present with disseminated disease are less likely to survive than infants with SEM or CNS disease. […] Early therapy with intravenous (IV) ACV improves the prognosis for all three presentations of NHSV. Therefore, infants should be started on IV ACV before laboratory confirmation of NHSV, as soon as the infection is suspected clinically. […] The dose is 60 mg/kg/day in three divided doses administered every 8 h, assuming that renal function is normal. Treatment duration should be 14 days if the disease is limited to the skin, eyes or mouth, and a minimum of 21 days if the infection involves the CNS or is disseminated.

• #63 Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/prevention-management-neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-infections

  NHSV infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis syndrome, particularly when this condition is accompanied by liver dysfunction and even when there is no known history of maternal HSV and the infant has no skin vesicles. […] Infants who present with disseminated disease are less likely to survive than infants with SEM or CNS disease. […] Early therapy with intravenous (IV) ACV improves the prognosis for all three presentations of NHSV. Therefore, infants should be started on IV ACV before laboratory confirmation of NHSV, as soon as the infection is suspected clinically. […] The dose is 60 mg/kg/day in three divided doses administered every 8 h, assuming that renal function is normal. Treatment duration should be 14 days if the disease is limited to the skin, eyes or mouth, and a minimum of 21 days if the infection involves the CNS or is disseminated.

• #64 Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections | Canadian Paediatric Society

  https://cps.ca/documents/position/prevention-management-neonatal-herpes-simplex-virus-infections

  NHSV infection should be considered in neonates with sepsis syndrome, particularly when this condition is accompanied by liver dysfunction and even when there is no known history of maternal HSV and the infant has no skin vesicles. […] Infants who present with disseminated disease are less likely to survive than infants with SEM or CNS disease. […] Early therapy with intravenous (IV) ACV improves the prognosis for all three presentations of NHSV. Therefore, infants should be started on IV ACV before laboratory confirmation of NHSV, as soon as the infection is suspected clinically. […] The dose is 60 mg/kg/day in three divided doses administered every 8 h, assuming that renal function is normal. Treatment duration should be 14 days if the disease is limited to the skin, eyes or mouth, and a minimum of 21 days if the infection involves the CNS or is disseminated.

• #65 Barnsley mum: Neonatal herpes nearly took my baby

  https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48612363

  Neonatal herpes is a rare condition, and according to the World Health Organisation, it occurs in an estimated 10 out of every 100,000 births globally, but can lead to lasting neurologic disability or death. […] Once he was diagnosed, Noah was sent to Sheffield Children’s Hospital and was given regular antiviral drugs for two weeks. He was then put on preventative antiviral drugs for another six months.

• #66 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a newborn baby. It’s caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is a highly contagious virus that can cause cold sores and genital ulcers in adults. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby whose immune system won’t have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Call your GP or your health visitor straight away if your baby: is lethargic or irritable, isn’t feeding, has a high temperature (fever), has a rash or sores on the skin, eye and inside the mouth. […] These are early warning signs that your baby may be unwell. […] Call 999 immediately if your baby: is lacking in energy (listless), is becoming floppy and unresponsive, is difficult to wake up from sleep, has difficulty breathing or starts grunting, breathes rapidly, has a blue tongue and skin (cyanosis).

• #67 Herpes infection in newborn babies (neonatal herpes)

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/neonatal-herpes/

  Neonatal herpes infection is caused by the cold sore virus. It is very uncommon in newborn babies. […] Babies with neonatal herpes may have cold sores on the skin around their eyes or on their mouth. […] They may be unwell and have: a high temperature, poor colour, irritability, breathing difficulties, a seizure. […] Neonatal herpes can be very serious or even fatal for young babies. It can affect their internal organs including the brain and the lungs. Their immune systems are not developed enough to fight the infection. The risk is highest in the first 4 to 6 weeks after birth. […] Urgent advice: Contact your GP urgently or go to your emergency department (ED) if you think your baby might have neonatal herpes and has other symptoms such as: a rash, blisters or sores on their skin – particularly around their eyes or mouth, difficulty feeding, irritability, a high temperature (over 38 degrees Celsius).

• #68 Herpes in a baby (neonatal herpes) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/herpes-baby-neonatal-herpes

  Neonatal herpes is a herpes infection in a newborn baby. It’s caused by the herpes simplex virus. This is a highly contagious virus that can cause cold sores and genital ulcers in adults. […] Herpes can be very serious for a young baby whose immune system won’t have fully developed to fight off the virus. […] Because newborn babies have underdeveloped immune systems, they can quickly become seriously ill after catching the virus. […] Call your GP or your health visitor straight away if your baby: is lethargic or irritable, isn’t feeding, has a high temperature (fever), has a rash or sores on the skin, eye and inside the mouth. […] These are early warning signs that your baby may be unwell. […] Call 999 immediately if your baby: is lacking in energy (listless), is becoming floppy and unresponsive, is difficult to wake up from sleep, has difficulty breathing or starts grunting, breathes rapidly, has a blue tongue and skin (cyanosis).

• #69 Herpes infection in newborn babies (neonatal herpes)

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/neonatal-herpes/

  Neonatal herpes infection is caused by the cold sore virus. It is very uncommon in newborn babies. […] Babies with neonatal herpes may have cold sores on the skin around their eyes or on their mouth. […] They may be unwell and have: a high temperature, poor colour, irritability, breathing difficulties, a seizure. […] Neonatal herpes can be very serious or even fatal for young babies. It can affect their internal organs including the brain and the lungs. Their immune systems are not developed enough to fight the infection. The risk is highest in the first 4 to 6 weeks after birth. […] Urgent advice: Contact your GP urgently or go to your emergency department (ED) if you think your baby might have neonatal herpes and has other symptoms such as: a rash, blisters or sores on their skin – particularly around their eyes or mouth, difficulty feeding, irritability, a high temperature (over 38 degrees Celsius).

• #70 Can babies get cold sores? Causes, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322620

  Cold sores are common and relatively harmless in toddlers and children, but the cold sore virus can be dangerous for babies. […] Newborns rarely get cold sores, but, when a baby who is less than 6 months old contracts the cold sore virus, it can have severe effects. […] If caregivers think that a baby may have come into contact with a cold sore, they should monitor the infant for any unusual behavior and contact a doctor to discuss the best course of action. […] However, because the immune system of an infant under 6 months old will not yet be fully developed, if they do get a cold sore, this virus can have severe effects. […] Early symptoms of herpes infection in a newborn include: a low-grade fever, which is 100.4F, poor feeding, one or more small skin blisters. […] A newborn may then experience more severe symptoms such as: a high fever, seizures, lethargy or going floppy.

• #71 Facts on having genital herpes HSV-2 during pregnancy and while parenting

  https://www.herpes.org.nz/living-with-herpes/pregnancy-and-parenting

  Having genital herpes does not affect your ability to have a baby. Pregnant people with genital herpes can experience a safe pregnancy and vaginal childbirth. […] It is important to tell your health care professional or midwife if you or your partner have had a history of genital herpes. They will then be able to provide information, reassurance and optimal management. […] Symptoms of neonatal herpes include blisters on the skin, fever, tiredness, irritability, or lack of appetite. While these can be several mild illnesses, dont wait to see if your baby will get better. Take them to the hospital to see the pediatric specialists as soon as possible. […] The greatest risk of neonatal herpes is to babies whose mother contracts a genital infection for the very first time late in pregnancy.

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