Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tension-type headache in adults: Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tension-type-headache-in-adults-etiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Tension-type headache (TTH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by a bilateral, nonthrobbing headache of a mild to moderate intensity, typically without other associated features. TTH is the most common headache and prevalent neurologic disorder in the population. Due to its high prevalence, TTH causes a high burden of disability. […] TTH was previously known by several other terms that referred to its suspected etiology, including stress headache, tension headache, muscle-contraction headache, psychomyogenic headache, and psychogenic headache. […] This topic will review the etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of TTH in adults.

• #2 Tension-type headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2190284/

  Episodic tension-type headache is the most common cause of headache in the general population and is usually self managed. […] Chronic tension-type headache may be highly disabling and often prompts medical consultation. […] Peripheral factors are implicated in episodic tension-type headache, whereas central factors probably underlie chronic tension-type headache. […] The underlying cause of tension-type headache is uncertain. Activation of hyperexcitable peripheral afferent neurons from head and neck muscles is the most likely explanation for episodes of infrequent tension-type headache. […] Muscle tenderness and psychological tension are associated with and aggravate tension-type headache but are not clearly its cause. […] Abnormalities in central pain processing and generalised increased pain sensitivity are present in some patients with tension-type headache. […] Susceptibility to tension-type headache is influenced by genetic factors.

• #3 Tension headache – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20353977

  A tension-type headache is the most common type of headache, yet its causes aren’t well understood. […] The cause of tension-type headaches is not known. In the past, experts thought tension-type headaches were caused by muscle contractions in the face, neck and scalp. They thought the muscle contractions were a result of emotions, tension or stress. But research suggests that muscle contraction isn’t the cause. […] The most common theory is that people who have tension-type headaches have increased sensitivity to pain. Muscle tenderness, a common symptom of tension-type headaches, may result from this sensitized pain system. […] Stress is the most commonly reported trigger for tension-type headaches. […] Some research has found that women are more likely to have frequent episodic tension-type headaches and chronic tension-type headaches. Age also might play a factor. One study found that episodic tension-type headaches were more likely to affect people in their 40s.

• #4 Tension Headache: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8257-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common headache type. […] Many factors cause tension headaches, and you may be unable to avoid all potential triggers. […] Researchers are still seeking a single cause for tension headaches. Some believe tension headaches start when muscles between your head and neck knot up, eventually tightening your scalp muscles. That muscular ripple effect may happen because you’re stressed or dealing with emotional conflict. Other tension headache causes include: […] Tension headaches start in your neck and shoulder muscles as your body deals with stress and other issues.

• #5 Tension headache Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/tension-headache

  Researchers aren’t clear what causes a tension headache. For years, scientists thought that it was caused by tightening the muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw when you are tense. But new tests that measure muscle tension show that the muscles of people with tension headaches aren’t any tighter. Newer theories suggest tension headaches are caused by changes in brain chemicals called neurotransmitters (including serotonin), similar to what happens with a migraine. Scientists don’t know why the levels of neurotransmitters go up and down, but they think it activates pain pathways in the brain. Tight muscles may help trigger the changes in neurotransmitters, or muscle tightness may be a result of changing levels of brain chemicals. […] Triggers may include: Stress, Depression, Anxiety, Holding your head in one position for a long time (like using a computer), Sleeping in an awkward position or in a cold room, Eye strain, Drugs or alcohol, Fatigue, Overexertion, Skipping meals, Head or neck injury, even years after the injury, Clenching your jaw or grinding your teeth (bruxism), Medications, including some headache medications (leading to rebound headaches), Arthritis, Hormonal changes (primarily among women). […] Pain that originates from other areas, such as your sinuses, can also trigger tension headaches, or a combined sinus-tension headache.

• #6 Tension Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/tension-headaches

  Tension Headache Causes […] There is no single cause of tension headaches, but they tend to run in families. Some people get them because of tight muscles in the back of the neck and scalp. […] But, increased pain sensitivity, rather than muscle contractions, may be a key factor in causing tension headaches. This means that instead of muscle tension, the headache could be more related to how your brain processes pain signals. Muscle tenderness is a common sign of tension headache and might result from this sensitized pain system. […] Most of the time, stress from work, school, family, friends, or other relationships triggers tension headaches. […] A single stressful situation or a buildup of stress can set off episodic tension headaches, while daily stress can lead to the chronic kind. […] Tension headache triggers may include: Not enough rest, Poor posture, Emotional or mental stress, including depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Hunger, Low iron levels, Alcohol, Jaw or dental problems, Straining your eyes, Dehydration, Skipping meals, Smoking, A cold, the flu, or a sinus infection, Caffeine (withdrawal or too much).

• #7 Muscle Contraction Tension Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562274/

  Numerous correlational studies implicate vitamin deficiencies as factors in the development of TTH. […] Environmental and muscular influences may also cause tension headaches, with stress and poor posture appearing to be the most significant. […] Recent studies noted that, besides stress, the factor that most commonly triggered TTH was disturbed sleep. […] A stronger correlation has also been reported between TTH and sleep disturbances in individuals with chronic TTH than in those with episodic TTH. Increasing evidence highlights the association of TTH with psychiatric comorbidity, which is also closely linked to sleep disturbances. […] TTH may also occur due to dysfunction within the brain’s cortical matter, particularly the trigeminovascular system. […] Mechanisms mediated by nitric oxide (NO) may also play a role in chronic TTH, as treatments have shown that inhibiting NO is effective in managing the condition.

• #7 Muscle Contraction Tension Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562274/

  Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache. This condition is also sometimes referred to as „muscle contraction headache,” „stress headache,” or „psychomyogenic headache.” […] TTH is often linked to stress, poor posture, and muscle tension, with a multifactorial etiology involving both peripheral and central mechanisms. The pathogenesis is thought to involve heightened sensitivity of the central nervous system, particularly in the trigeminal system, and muscle contraction in the head and neck region. […] The exact cause of TTH is not fully understood. However, various factors are linked to this condition, including nutritional, muscular, environmental, and genetic conditions. The literature reports that TTH causes greater disability and accounts for more missed work days than migraine with multiple etiologies, specifically genetic and environmental causes.

• #8 Tension-Type Headache | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0901/p797.html

  A recent review article noted that the relationship between EMG level and pain is complex enough to warrant further investigation. Muscle hardness (measured by external probing of resting muscle) has been found to be increased in the pericranial muscles of patients with chronic tension-type headache. These findings indicate that muscle hardness was similar during periods with and without headache and that muscle hardness is permanently altered in patients with chronic tension-type headache. Further research suggests that nitric oxide may be the local mediator of tension-type headache. Infusion of a nitric oxide donor reproduces tension-type headache in patients previously diagnosed with chronic tension-type headache. […] The progression of either migraine or tension-type headache into chronic daily headache can occur spontaneously but often occurs in relation to frequent use of analgesic medication. Repeated use of analgesics, especially ones containing caffeine or butalbital, can lead to rebound headaches as each dose wears off and patients then take another round of medication. […] Patients should be screened for psychiatric comorbidity, because anxiety, depression, and psychosocial stress can be prevalent in patients with tension-type headaches.

• #9 Tension Headache: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/792384-overview

  Stress may cause contraction of neck and scalp muscles, although no evidence confirms that the origin of pain is sustained muscle contraction. Other triggers of headache include: […] Episodic tension headache usually is associated with a stressful event. This headache type is of moderate intensity, self-limited, and usually responsive to nonprescription drugs. […] TTH is the most common type of chronic recurring head pain. In the past, pain etiology was presumed to be the muscular contraction of pain-sensitive structures of the cranium, but the IHS intentionally abandoned the terms muscular contraction headache and tension headache because no research supports muscular contraction as the sole pain etiology. […] It is postulated that peripheral activation or sensitization of myofascial nociceptors play a major role in episodic TTH. Extended nociceptive stimuli from pericranial myofascial tissues seems to be responsible for the conversion of episodic to chronic TTH. […] A study by Kiran et al indicated that patients with chronic tension headaches for longer than 5 years tended to have lower cortisol levels. This was postulated to be due to hippocampus atrophy resulting from chronic stress, a cause of chronic tension headaches.

• #10 Tension Headaches: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tension-headache

  A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It can cause mild, moderate, or intense pain behind your eyes and in your head and neck. […] Doctors and medical researchers dont know what exactly causes tension headaches. Tension headaches may sometimes be linked to muscle tension in the head and neck, or to poor posture. […] Research suggests that infrequent tension headaches may be caused by the activation of hyperexcitable peripheral afferent neurons. These are specialized neurons, or nerve cells, that relay sensory information from pain receptors in the body to the brain. […] If you get tension-type headaches, you may have abnormalities in your central pain processing. Its also possible that you may generally have an increased sensitivity to pain. […] Someones susceptibility to tension headaches is believed to be influenced by genetic factors. […] Triggers of tension headaches include: stress, alcohol, dental problems (such as clenching your jaw and grinding your teeth), eye strain, dry eyes, fatigue, smoking, a cold or flu, a sinus infection, caffeine, poor posture, emotional stress, not drinking enough water, lack of sleep, skipping meals.

• #11 Tension Headache: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/brain-nerves/headache-leaflet/tension-headache

  Tension headache is the most common form of headache. […] The cause is not clear. Some headaches occur due to muscular tension; however, many tension headaches develop for no apparent reason. Some headache triggers include: Emotional tension, anxiety, tiredness or stress. […] Your genetic make-up may also be a factor. So, some people may inherit a tendency to be more prone to develop tension headaches more easily than others when stressed or anxious. […] Tension headache is a primary headache – which means that it is not caused by other conditions.

• #12 Chronic Tension Headache: Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/brain-nerves/headache-leaflet/chronic-tension-headache

  Chronic tension headache is a condition where you have a tension headache on at least 15 days every month for at least three months. The cause of chronic tension headache is often not clear. […] The cause of the tension headaches is not always clear, and may be more than one thing. These include: Tension in the muscles at the back of the head, neck and shoulders, caused by muscle contractions. Stress. Tiredness and lack of sleep. Hunger. Eye strain. Drinking too much caffeine and alcohol. Dehydration. […] Many chronic tension headaches develop for no apparent reason and are not caused by other conditions. […] Some research suggests that genetics may be a factor. Some people may inherit a tendency to be more prone to develop tension headaches than others when stressed or anxious.

• #13 Tension headaches

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tension-headaches/

  Tension headaches are very common and most people get them. […] Common causes of tension headaches include: stress, sleep problems, caffeine. […] Taking painkillers for headaches too often or for a long time can also cause headaches. These are known as overuse or rebound headaches. […] Tension headaches are not a sign of an underlying condition.

• #14 Tension headache: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000797.htm

  A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, and is often associated with muscle tightness in these areas. […] Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense or contract. The muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, head injury, or anxiety. […] Any activity that causes the head to be held in one position for a long time without moving can cause a headache. Activities may include typing or other computer work, fine work

• #15 Tension headache – causes, symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/tension-headache

  A tension headache is a feeling of tightness or pressure around your head. […] Tension headaches can be triggered by stress, dehydration, eye strain, caffeine withdrawal or poor posture. […] It’s not known what causes tension headaches. […] They are not caused by muscle contractions, but muscle tension can make the pain worse. […] Other triggers for tension headaches include: feeling stressed, tired, anxious or depressed, poor posture at work, home or when driving, bright, noisy environments, eye strain from long periods of reading or screen use, smoking, dehydration or withdrawal from caffeine, overuse of pain-relief medicines.

• #16 What Can Trigger Tension Headaches? | Advanced Sports & Spine

  https://www.advancedsportsandspine.com/what-can-trigger-tension-headaches/

  Anxiety and depression have symptoms that are also triggers of tension headaches. Insomnia or lack of sleep and adequate rest leaves the body in survival mode. Muscle tension is also another distinct aspect of anxiety. […] In an anxious state, your nervous system shifts to its fight-or-flight response and causes muscle tension to react quickly in a life-threatening situation. As the muscles contract, patients have a higher risk of developing tension headaches. […] Teeth grinding (bruxism) and TMJ problems are also one of the possible causes of tension-type headaches and migraines. […] Inadequate water intake and electrolytes can cause fluid imbalances in the brain that can trigger tension headaches and migraines. […] Poor posture can overstretch and weaken your neck muscles over time. Along with repetitive tasks, our muscles will tighten up and lead to spasms.

• #16 What Can Trigger Tension Headaches? | Advanced Sports & Spine

  https://www.advancedsportsandspine.com/what-can-trigger-tension-headaches/

  When your body lacks enough fluid and nutrients, you become more at risk for tension or fasting headaches. […] A head injury due to a blow to the head or repetitive shaking of the head or body may cause post-concussive symptoms to a patient. Concussions are mild injuries that can cause several symptoms. Some of these are tension headaches, noise and light sensitivity, and dizziness.

• #17 When Your Child Has Tension Headaches | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/when-your-child-has-tension-headaches

  Tension headaches can have many causes. Common causes in children are: […] Tension (physical or emotional) […] Hunger […] Trouble with eyesight […] Eyestrain due to reading, video games, or computer use […] Exposure to very strong smells (such as perfume or tobacco) […] Tiredness […] Sinus infection or allergies […] Overheating […] Fluid loss (dehydration).

• #18 Tension headache – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/tension-headache

  A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, and is often associated with muscle tightness in these areas. […] Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense or contract. The muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, head injury, or anxiety. […] Other triggers of tension headaches include: Physical or emotional stress, Alcohol use, Caffeine (too much or withdrawal), Colds, the flu, or a sinus infection, Dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding, Eye strain, Excessive smoking, Fatigue or overexertion. […] Tension headaches can occur when you also have a migraine. Tension headaches are not associated with brain diseases.

• #19 Understanding Headache Causes, Treatment & Prevention | TYLENOL®

  https://www.tylenol.com/adult-relief/headaches/causes-treatment-prevention

  Often called a stress headache or tension headache, these headaches may be caused by muscle tension in the neck and scalp. The effects of stress on the body can also lead to hormonal changes and anxiety, both of which can make headaches worse. […] One of the most common causes of headaches is tension, which leads to a tension headache (sometimes called a stress headache). It is often characterized by a dull, aching pain in the head, scalp, or neck. This type of headache may result from muscle tension, which can be caused by stress, anxiety, or poor posture. Symptoms are often sparked by emotional strain, tiredness, or anxiety. Tension or stress headache symptoms may include a feeling of tightness or pressure across the forehead or the back of the head, neck tension and, at times, queasiness. […] Fluctuating hormone levels during menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or menopause can up the frequency and intensity of headaches.

• #20 Tension headaches: Symptoms, treatments, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313020

  The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that tension headaches are a type of primary headache disorder, affecting more than 70% of people. […] Research is ongoing to find the causes of tension-type headaches. […] According to the United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS), possible reasons for a tension-type headache may include: stress, caffeine, sleep problems. […] Triggers can differ between individuals but may include: anxiety, lack of exercise, eyestrain or squinting, tiredness, missing meals, dehydration, regular exposure to loud noise, bright sunlight, slouching, certain smells, such as perfumed products. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression may trigger jaw clenching, lack of sleep, or lack of exercise which could worsen the problem. […] Frequent episodic tension-type headaches can coexist with migraine. An additional contributing factor includes the overuse of analgesics, or pain relievers, which can lead to rebound headaches. […] Chronic tension-type headaches can evolve from the episodic headaches. The headache may occur daily or may evolve into a continuous headache. Depression can also be a contributing factor.

• #21 Tension headache causes, symptoms, & treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/neurology/tension-headaches

  Tension headaches are the most common type of headache. […] Although the cause is unknown, stress is the most common trigger for tension headaches. […] The cause of tension-type headaches is unknown. […] Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. […] Muscle contractions in the head and neck are considered a major factor in the development of a tension headache. […] Muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, head injury, or anxiety. […] Most headache experts believe that people who have tension-type headaches have a heightened sensitivity to pain. […] The muscle tenderness thats common with tension headaches is likely the result of a very sensitive pain response. […] Other headache triggers can include: […] Physical or emotional stress. […] Having a migraine headache can also trigger a tension headache.

• #22 Headache

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/headache/basics/causes/sym-20050800

  Your headache symptoms can help your doctor determine its cause and the appropriate treatment. […] A primary headache is caused by overactivity of or problems with pain-sensitive structures in your head. […] Chemical activity in your brain, the nerves or blood vessels surrounding your skull, or the muscles of your head and neck (or some combination of these factors) can play a role in primary headaches. […] Some primary headaches can be triggered by lifestyle factors, including: Stress. […] A secondary headache is a symptom of a disease that can activate the pain-sensitive nerves of the head. […] Possible causes of secondary headaches include: Panic attacks and panic disorder. […] Some types of secondary headaches include: Medication overuse headaches (caused by overuse of pain medication). […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom.

• #23 Tension Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-tension-headache-5224450

  There is a high rate of overlap between people with mood disorders and people who deal with tension headaches. In one study, 84% of the participants with tension headaches also had a psychiatric diagnosis, such as anxiety or depression. There is a theory that some tension headaches may be the physical manifestations of psychological distress.

• #24 Tension Headaches – Novus Spine & Pain Center

  https://novusspinecenter.com/pain-conditions/tension-headaches

  Furthermore, the National Headache Foundation reports that people with gastrointestinal problems experience migraines and tension headaches more frequently than people without the disorder. The research shows that migraines and tension-type headaches may share genetic links with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common gastrointestinal disorder.

• #25 Tension Headache Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurology/services/headache-center/tension-headache

  Tension headaches affect women slightly more than men. […] Doctors don’t know what causes tension headaches. They do know there’s no link to hormones or genes passed down to kids from parents. […] Some experts believe people with tension headaches may be more pain-sensitive or have tender muscles. […] With a tension headache, you tighten the muscles in your jaw, face, scalp, and neck, which can cause pain. […] Some people think a tension headache is a stress headache. But stress is one of many things that can trigger a tension headache. […] Tension-type headaches are also common in people with sleep problems. […] Other triggers or risks of tension headaches include eye strain, anxiety, depression, jaw clenching, skipping meals, working too hard, poor posture, and toothaches.

• #26 Tension Headaches: Symptoms, Causes & How to Relieve – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/tension-headaches/

  A tension headaches is a type of headache frequently experienced by women. It is caused by contraction of the neck muscles, which occurs mainly due to poor posture, stress, anxiety and lack of sleep. […] A tension headache can occur as a result of many situations that promote neck muscle contractions or stiffness, like: Stress, Excess worry, Anxiety, Emotional tension, Poor posture, Hormonal changes, Dehydration. […] In addition, a tension headache can emerge due to more mild conditions, like sleep changes, appetite changes or prolonged sun exposure. […] Any person can develop a tension headache at any point of life and at any age, however this headache is most commonly seen in adults between 30 to 40 years of age.

• #27 Tension Type Headache: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://www.neurahealth.co/blog/tension-type-headache-an-overview

  Not everyone can experience every type of headache, but everyone can experience tension-type headaches (TTH). […] There is also a growing body of evidence in the medical literature that associates certain vitamin deficiencies with worsening TTH. […] The primary focus of TTH treatment is in the acute phase – stopping the headache when it comes. […] Specific preventive medications can help chronic TTH, specifically two classes of antidepressants.

• #28 Tension Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, & More

  https://www.health.com/tension-headache-overview-7254972

  A tension headache is a primary headache disorder and the most common type of headache that people experience. […] Common triggers for these headaches include stress, a lack of sleep, depression, anxiety, and sometimes, drinking too much caffeine. […] Experts dont know the exact cause of tension headaches. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors can trigger the onset of headache symptoms. These factors include: fatigue or lack of sleep, stress, depression, or anxiety, alcohol, tobacco, or excessive caffeine use, infections such as the cold or flu, eye strain or too much screen time. […] Aside from these environmental factors, you may be at an increased risk of having frequent or chronic tension headaches if you were assigned female at birth, are over the age of 60, or are white.

• #29 Tension Headache Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/tension_headache/article.htm

  Tension headache is the most common type of headache. […] Although the precise cause of tension headache is unknown, there are factors that seem to contribute to tension headaches, such as stress, impaired sleep, or skipping meals. […] Different conditions may contribute to tension headaches such as vision problems or eye strain, overexertion, muscle strains caused by poor posture have all been associated with development of tension headache. […] The exact cause of tension headache isn’t known; and many factors probably play a role in why people develop headache. These factors may include: lack of sleep, skipping meals, or increased stress (leading to a frequent description of these headaches as stress headaches). […] Underlying diseases or conditions may frequently cause a headache, for example: eye strain, muscular tension caused by poor posture, over exertion, or anxiety. […] In children, headache may be seen as a response to changes in school or home situations such as: a new sibling, testing at school, or social isolation.

• #30 Headaches (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/headaches.html

  The most common type of headache is a tension headache (also called a muscle-contraction headache). Tension headaches happen when stressed-out head or neck muscles squeeze too hard. This causes pain often described as: […] Lots of different things can bring on headaches. Most headaches are related to: […] For some teens, hormonal changes can also cause headaches. For example, some girls get headaches just before their periods or at other regular times during their monthly cycle.

• #31 Headache & migraines | Causes

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-ca/pain-relief/conditions/headache-migraine/causes-and-mechanisms/

  Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache, and is a head pain that occurs in frequent or infrequent shorter episodes (episodic), or occurs regularly or is constantly present (chronic). TTH are usually mild or moderate in intensity and may present with a pressing or tightening quality. It is usually not aggravated by physical activity (e.g., climbing stairs). […] The pathogenesis of TTH is probably multifactorial, but the precise mechanisms are uncertain. Given the wide variation in frequency and intensity in TTH, not only between individuals but within individuals over time, it is likely that the underlying pain mechanisms in TTH are dynamic and vary from one individual to another, and potentially from one attack to another in the same individual. […] The main triggers of TTH are related to stress or mental tension. Other triggers associated with TTH are sleep problems, fatigue, weather changes, menstruation, and the inability to relax after work.

• #32 Tension-type headache | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-021-00257-2

  Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent neurological disorder worldwide and is characterized by recurrent headaches of mild to moderate intensity, bilateral location, pressing or tightening quality, and no aggravation by routine physical activity. […] Although the biological underpinnings remain unresolved, it seems likely that peripheral mechanisms are responsible for the genesis of pain in TTH, whereas central sensitization may be involved in transformation from episodic to chronic TTH. […] Despite the widespread prevalence and associated disability of TTH, little progress has been made since the early 2000s owing to a lack of attention and resource allocation by scientists, funding bodies and the pharmaceutical industry.

• #33 How Do Tight Muscles Trigger Headaches?

  https://www.brainfacts.org/thinking-sensing-and-behaving/pain/2021/how-do-tight-muscles-trigger-headaches-022521

  Muscles contract and relax as the brain sends electrochemical signals along the nervous system to the motor neuron, transmitting these signals to muscle fibers and initiating muscle contraction. […] When we talk about muscle tightness in relation to headaches, we’re talking about sustained tightness of muscles: a persistent or prolonged state of contraction that causes pain. […] Stress can cause muscles to tighten for a long period of time. […] Several factors can cause chronic tension headaches, including fatigue, insomnia, iron deficiency, anemia, and hypothyroidism all of which relate to energy metabolism. […] Tight muscles are both a symptom and trigger of headaches: You get a headache from tight muscles, and a headache can give you tight muscles. […] In tension headaches, muscle tightness is the source of pain it’s the pain mechanism.

• #34 Headache | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/headache

  Tension headache is the most common type of headache. Two out of 3 people will have at least one tension headache in their lifetime, which: […] can be caused by physical or emotional stress. […] Stress can cause or worsen a headache in a number of ways, including: […] tightening the muscles, particularly of the upper back, shoulders, neck and head. […] Stress is thought to trigger our body’s fight or flight response, which is characterised by shallow breathing, faster heart rate and raised blood pressure, and greater amounts of stress chemicals such as adrenaline. […] Misalignments of the spine and neck, poor posture and muscle tension can refer pain into the head.

• #35 10 headache triggers

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/headaches/10-headache-triggers/

  It’s because as the tension of the week subsides, your levels of stress hormones drop, which causes a rapid release of neurotransmitters (the brain’s chemical messengers). These send out impulses to blood vessels to constrict and then dilate, which causes a headache. […] When you’re angry, muscles in the back of your neck and scalp tense up, causing a tight band-like sensation around your head. This is a sign of a tension headache. […] Poor posture causes tension in your upper back, neck and shoulders, which can lead to a headache. […] Pressure changes that cause weather changes are thought to trigger chemical and electrical changes in the brain. This irritates nerves, leading to a headache. […] Grinding your teeth at night (the medical name is bruxism) makes your jaw muscles contract, causing a dull headache. […] Bright and flickering lights boost the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, which then activate the migraine centre. […] All these foods contain chemicals that can bring on a migraine. […] Doctors think sex headaches are due to pressure building up in the head and neck muscles.

• #36 Stress Causes Headaches, Scientists Confirm | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/43507-stress-causes-headaches.html

  Perhaps it’s no surprise to anyone who has had a splitting migraine after a miserable day, but doctors have solidified the link between stress and headaches. […] Although headaches can be triggered by many factors, ranging from muscle strain to exposure to noxious gases, stress clearly plays a major role, according to a study released today (Feb. 19) which will be presented at a neurology research meeting in April. […] „Increasing stress resulted in increasing headache frequency for all headache subtypes,” said study leader Dr. Sara Schramm, of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany. […] Those with tension headaches rated their stress at an average of 52 out of 100. An increase of 10 points on the stress scale was associated with a 6.3 percent increase in the number of days per month when people had headaches.

• #37 Stress Causes Headaches, Scientists Confirm | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/43507-stress-causes-headaches.html

  The study results imply that, while headache medicine can help mitigate the pain, reducing stress can prevent headaches from even happening, the researchers said. […] [These] results add weight to the concept that stress can be a factor contributing to the onset of headache disorders, that it accelerates the progression to chronic headache, exacerbates headache episodes, and that the headache experience itself can serve as a stressor.

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