Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Asthma is a common disease and has a range of severity, from a very mild, occasional wheeze to an acute, life-threatening airway closure. It usually presents in childhood and is associated with other features of atopy, such as eczema and hayfever. […] Nursing Management includes checking oxygen status, listening to lungs, assessing for respiratory distress, positioning the patient upright, and administering medications as prescribed. […] When to seek help includes respiratory distress, no air entry in lungs during auscultation, low oxygen saturation, and patient cyanotic. […] Outcome Identification includes breathing normally, normal oxygen saturation, no wheeze, and no respiratory distress. […] Monitoring includes lung auscultation for wheezing, medication compliance, fever, vitals, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gas.

• #2 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] For acute exacerbations, an inhaled beta2 agonist like albuterol is administered immediately. Doses can be repeated three times and then every 1-4 hours as needed.

• #3 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with asthma may include: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings. […] Assess the clients vital signs as needed. Increased respirations, tachycardia, and hypotension may result from the effects of hypoxia. […] Assess the clients level of anxiety. The emergency situation and an unfamiliar environment can aggravate the symptoms of the disease, especially if this is the clients first experience with the condition. […] Assess for signs of dyspnea (flaring of nostrils, chest retractions, and use of accessory muscle). Dyspnea may indicate respiratory distress.

• #4 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with asthma in this nursing study guide. […] The immediate care of patients with asthma depends on the severity of the symptoms. […] Assessment of a patient with asthma includes the following: Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of the symptoms. Assess for breath sounds. Assess the patients peak flow. Assess the level of oxygen saturation through the pulse oximeter. Monitor the patients vital signs. […] Based on the data gathered, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient with asthma include: Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of mucus and bronchospasm. Impaired gas exchange related to altered delivery of inspired O2. Anxiety related to perceived threat of death. […] To achieve success in the treatment of a patient with asthma, the following goals should be applied: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration of secretions. Demonstration of absence/reduction of congestion with breath sounds clear, respirations noiseless, improved oxygen exchange. Verbalization of understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstration of behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identification of potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #5 Correctional Nurse Clinical Update: Asthma II: Nursing Assessment and Patient EducationFacebookInstagramPinterestRSS

  https://correctionalnurse.net/correctional-nurse-clinical-update-asthma-ii-nursing-assessment-and-patient-education/

  The assessment of a patient with asthma should begin with baseline vital signs, including a pulse oximetry reading. The patient’s lungs should be auscultated, and notation should be made of the patient’s skin color, temperature and moisture. A basic physical examination will also include auscultation of the heart and an abdominal assessment. A baseline peak flow measurement should be obtained. All information should be recorded in the health record. In addition, the patient’s health history should be obtained, including the age at which the asthma diagnosis was made, medications currently taking, known allergens and triggers, last acute exacerbation, past hospitalizations for asthma, past intubations and any other health information pertinent to the patient’s asthma condition, such as other chronic conditions.

• #6 Correctional Nurse Clinical Update: Asthma II: Nursing Assessment and Patient EducationFacebookInstagramPinterestRSS

  https://correctionalnurse.net/correctional-nurse-clinical-update-asthma-ii-nursing-assessment-and-patient-education/

  When a patient presents with an acute asthma attack, the assessment should be prioritized based upon the patient presentation. The patient should be observed for signs of respiratory distress, including the use of accessory muscles, retractions, purse-lip breathing, and cyanosis of lips/fingers. If the patient is able to communicate, the history of the episode should be ascertained (when did it start, any contact with known triggers, was it progressively worse or immediately bad). The facility policy and procedure will dictate processes to follow, but most likely if the patient is having an acute, severe attack, 911 will be called first. Nursing activities include obtaining vital signs, with pulse oximetry; auscultating all lung fields, noting adventitious sounds and locations; obtaining peak flow measurements; and contacting the Provider for orders. A breathing treatment or administration of medication via a metered dose inhaler should be an expected order, and the nurse should be ready to administer this immediately when the order is obtained. If the provider has previously seen the patient in Chronic Disease Clinic (or even in Provider Sick Call), the Provider may have already ordered as needed nebulizer treatments/rescue inhaler use for the patient, in which case nursing staff may administer it immediately. Remember to measure peak flow before and after the treatment, if the patient’s condition allows. Once the treatment is completed, continue to monitor the patient for a time in the health unit to ensure that they will not have a rebound attack. Most often, even if you did not have to contact the provider for the treatment order, you should contact the Provider after the treatment to report the patient’s presentation and condition post-treatment, so that an appropriate treatment plan can be developed.

• #7 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] For acute exacerbations, an inhaled beta2 agonist like albuterol is administered immediately. Doses can be repeated three times and then every 1-4 hours as needed.

• #8 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with asthma may include: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings. […] Assess the clients vital signs as needed. Increased respirations, tachycardia, and hypotension may result from the effects of hypoxia. […] Assess the clients level of anxiety. The emergency situation and an unfamiliar environment can aggravate the symptoms of the disease, especially if this is the clients first experience with the condition. […] Assess for signs of dyspnea (flaring of nostrils, chest retractions, and use of accessory muscle). Dyspnea may indicate respiratory distress.

• #9 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] For acute exacerbations, an inhaled beta2 agonist like albuterol is administered immediately. Doses can be repeated three times and then every 1-4 hours as needed.

• #10 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The need for supplemental oxygen during an asthma attack will depend on how severe the episode is. It is prescribed via nasal cannula or face mask when there are indications of hypoxia. […] Oral steroids are proven to be just as effective as IV steroids. Corticosteroids alleviate airway obstruction and prevent a late-phase response. […] Many patients with asthma improve after bronchodilator administration and can be discharged home after a few hours of observation. […] A small percentage of patients with asthma exacerbations will require ICU admission and intubation. Prepare for intubation if the patient does not respond to initial treatment, demonstrates mental status changes, or if ABG results reveal impending respiratory arrest. […] Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack.

• #11 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] For acute exacerbations, an inhaled beta2 agonist like albuterol is administered immediately. Doses can be repeated three times and then every 1-4 hours as needed.

• #12 Asthma for Med-Surg Nursing – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-4-asthma?srsltid=AfmBOooGqn2JdYZBTg4Zsn6hqPEa8H07cQmyDWkAqUKCMTERvlgudkio

  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway, and it is intermittent and reversible. […] The main treatment for asthma is bronchodilators which can include control therapy as well as reliever drugs. […] A patient with asthma will likely be prescribed bronchodilators. […] Albuterol is for acute asthma attacks, so it is considered a reliever drug. […] Salmeterol is a long-acting bronchodilator and it is used as a control therapy. […] There are some important teaching tips to remember for patients with asthma. […] Patients can monitor their asthma using a peak flow meter. […] Patients should identify and avoid environmental triggers and irritants to the extent possible. […] For exercise-induced asthma, patients should use a bronchodilator 30 minutes before exercise.

• #13 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The need for supplemental oxygen during an asthma attack will depend on how severe the episode is. It is prescribed via nasal cannula or face mask when there are indications of hypoxia. […] Oral steroids are proven to be just as effective as IV steroids. Corticosteroids alleviate airway obstruction and prevent a late-phase response. […] Many patients with asthma improve after bronchodilator administration and can be discharged home after a few hours of observation. […] A small percentage of patients with asthma exacerbations will require ICU admission and intubation. Prepare for intubation if the patient does not respond to initial treatment, demonstrates mental status changes, or if ABG results reveal impending respiratory arrest. […] Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack.

• #14 Management of Acute Life-Threatening Asthma Exacerbations in the Intensive Care Unit

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/693

  The BTS guidelines currently recommend an oxygen saturation of 94–98%. […] The beneficial effects of corticosteroids in the management of acute asthma have long been known. […] The earlier they are given in the acute attack, the better the outcome. […] The use of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is commonly used in the initial stages of refractory severe asthma in the ED. […] Currently, magnesium sulphate is recommended for those who have refractory symptoms despite standard initial management. […] The guidelines currently do not recommend the routine use of intravenous aminophylline, but it continues to be used in patients with severe asthma as an adjunct to provide additional bronchodilation. […] Patients with acute life-threatening and near-fatal asthma should be admitted to the ICU for close monitoring and to initiate additional measures to optimise bronchodilation and ventilation.

• #15 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  The nurse generally performs the following interventions: Assess history. Obtain a history of allergic reactions to medications before administering medications. Assess respiratory status. Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of symptoms, breath sounds, peak flow, pulse oximetry, and vital signs. Assess medications. Identify medications that the patient is currently taking. Administer medications as prescribed and monitor the patients responses to those medications; medications may include an antibiotic if the patient has an underlying respiratory infection. Pharmacologic therapy. Administer medications as prescribed and monitor patients responses to medications. Fluid therapy. Administer fluids if the patient is dehydrated. […] To determine the effectiveness of the plan of care, evaluation must be performed. The following must be evaluated: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration or clearance of secretions. Absence/reduction of congestion with breath sound clear, noiseless respirations, and improved oxygen exchange. Verbalized understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstrated behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identified potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #16 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Asthma is a common disease and has a range of severity, from a very mild, occasional wheeze to an acute, life-threatening airway closure. It usually presents in childhood and is associated with other features of atopy, such as eczema and hayfever. […] Nursing Management includes checking oxygen status, listening to lungs, assessing for respiratory distress, positioning the patient upright, and administering medications as prescribed. […] When to seek help includes respiratory distress, no air entry in lungs during auscultation, low oxygen saturation, and patient cyanotic. […] Outcome Identification includes breathing normally, normal oxygen saturation, no wheeze, and no respiratory distress. […] Monitoring includes lung auscultation for wheezing, medication compliance, fever, vitals, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gas.

• #17 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with asthma may include: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings. […] Assess the clients vital signs as needed. Increased respirations, tachycardia, and hypotension may result from the effects of hypoxia. […] Assess the clients level of anxiety. The emergency situation and an unfamiliar environment can aggravate the symptoms of the disease, especially if this is the clients first experience with the condition. […] Assess for signs of dyspnea (flaring of nostrils, chest retractions, and use of accessory muscle). Dyspnea may indicate respiratory distress.

• #18 Asthma (Nursing) Article

  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/17920

  Asthma is a common disease and has a range of severity, from a very mild, occasional wheeze to an acute, life-threatening airway closure. It usually presents in childhood and is associated with other features of atopy, such as eczema and hayfever. […] List nurse management roles in asthma. […] Nursing Management […] Check oxygen status […] Listen to lungs […] Assess for respiratory distress […] Position patient upright […] Administer medications as prescribed. […] When To Seek Help […] Respiratory distress […] No air entry in lungs during auscultation […] Low oxygen saturation […] Patient cyanotic. […] Outcome Identification […] Breathing normally […] Normal oxygen saturation […] No wheeze […] No respiratory distress. […] Coordination of Care […] In many countries, including the US, asthma kills one out of every 100,000 persons.

• #19 Asthma – Care of the Patient Course | CNA Ceu | CEUfast

  https://ceufast.com/course/care-for-the-patient-with-asthma

  Report to the nurse when the symptoms are getting worse. Signs include increased difficulty breathing, more or louder wheezing, the medications are not controlling the attacks as well as before, the patient is waking up more at night, missing normal activities, school, or work, and not able to speak complete sentences. […] Any signs or symptoms of worsening or inadequate breathing during an attack should also be immediately reported to the nurse. These signs and symptoms may include little or no movement of the chest, breathing movement is in the abdomen, not the chest, slow or rapid respiratory rate, gasping for air or shallow breaths, difficulty breathing, coughs up secretions, blue or gray coloring in nails, mucus membranes, ear lobes, tongue, lips, or skin, noisy breathing, nasal flaring, and muscles above the rib cage are retracted.

• #20 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The need for supplemental oxygen during an asthma attack will depend on how severe the episode is. It is prescribed via nasal cannula or face mask when there are indications of hypoxia. […] Oral steroids are proven to be just as effective as IV steroids. Corticosteroids alleviate airway obstruction and prevent a late-phase response. […] Many patients with asthma improve after bronchodilator administration and can be discharged home after a few hours of observation. […] A small percentage of patients with asthma exacerbations will require ICU admission and intubation. Prepare for intubation if the patient does not respond to initial treatment, demonstrates mental status changes, or if ABG results reveal impending respiratory arrest. […] Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack.

• #21 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Assess the presence of a paradoxical pulse of 12 mm Hg or greater. A paradoxical pulse is an abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration. […] Monitor oxygen saturation. Oxygen saturation is a term referring to the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to the total hemoglobin in the blood. […] Administer medications for asthma as ordered. […] Assist in intubation as indicated. Despite best efforts, some clients may require endotracheal intubation.

• #22 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Utilize this comprehensive nursing care plan and management guide to provide effective care for patients with asthma. Gain valuable insights on nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis specifically tailored for asthma in this guide. […] Nursing care for patients with asthma varies depending on symptom severity, ranging from outpatient treatment for mild symptoms to hospitalization for acute and severe cases. Patients and their families may experience fear and anxiety due to dyspnea, emphasizing the need for a calm approach. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with asthma: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings.

• #23 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with asthma in this nursing study guide. […] The immediate care of patients with asthma depends on the severity of the symptoms. […] Assessment of a patient with asthma includes the following: Assess the patients respiratory status by monitoring the severity of the symptoms. Assess for breath sounds. Assess the patients peak flow. Assess the level of oxygen saturation through the pulse oximeter. Monitor the patients vital signs. […] Based on the data gathered, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient with asthma include: Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of mucus and bronchospasm. Impaired gas exchange related to altered delivery of inspired O2. Anxiety related to perceived threat of death. […] To achieve success in the treatment of a patient with asthma, the following goals should be applied: Maintenance of airway patency. Expectoration of secretions. Demonstration of absence/reduction of congestion with breath sounds clear, respirations noiseless, improved oxygen exchange. Verbalization of understanding of causes and therapeutic management regimen. Demonstration of behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway. Identification of potential complications and how to initiate appropriate preventive or corrective actions.

• #24 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with asthma based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will maintain an optimal breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing, normal respiratory rate or pattern, and absence of dyspnea. The client will display normal arterial blood gas results. The client will be free of cyanosis and other signs and symptoms of hypoxia. The client will experience no signs of respiratory compromise or complications. The client will demonstrate improved ventilation and adequate oxygenation of tissues by normal ABGs. The client will be free of symptoms of respiratory distress. The client will participate in the treatment regimen within the level of ability and situation. The client will verbalize understanding of the cause and therapeutic management regimen. The client will maintain airway patency as evidenced by clear breath sounds, improved oxygen exchange, normal rate and depth of respiration, and ability to effectively cough out secretions. The client will demonstrate behaviors to improve airway clearance.

• #25 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses can expect to have frequent contact with patients who have asthma. Asthma can present as an acute exacerbation requiring prompt treatment and close observation or as a chronic condition in the patients history. Nurses can support patients in the management of their disease by providing education on symptoms, triggers, and medications. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with asthma. […] For acute exacerbations, an inhaled beta2 agonist like albuterol is administered immediately. Doses can be repeated three times and then every 1-4 hours as needed.

• #26 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The need for supplemental oxygen during an asthma attack will depend on how severe the episode is. It is prescribed via nasal cannula or face mask when there are indications of hypoxia. […] Oral steroids are proven to be just as effective as IV steroids. Corticosteroids alleviate airway obstruction and prevent a late-phase response. […] Many patients with asthma improve after bronchodilator administration and can be discharged home after a few hours of observation. […] A small percentage of patients with asthma exacerbations will require ICU admission and intubation. Prepare for intubation if the patient does not respond to initial treatment, demonstrates mental status changes, or if ABG results reveal impending respiratory arrest. […] Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack.

• #27 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with asthma may include: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings. […] Assess the clients vital signs as needed. Increased respirations, tachycardia, and hypotension may result from the effects of hypoxia. […] Assess the clients level of anxiety. The emergency situation and an unfamiliar environment can aggravate the symptoms of the disease, especially if this is the clients first experience with the condition. […] Assess for signs of dyspnea (flaring of nostrils, chest retractions, and use of accessory muscle). Dyspnea may indicate respiratory distress.

• #28 Asthma for Med-Surg Nursing – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/respiratory-4-asthma?srsltid=AfmBOooGqn2JdYZBTg4Zsn6hqPEa8H07cQmyDWkAqUKCMTERvlgudkio

  Patients should always carry an emergency inhaler with them in case they need to use it. […] Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening complication of asthma wherein airway obstruction is unresponsive to the usual therapies described above. […] The signs and symptoms of status asthmaticus include extremely labored breathing, gasping or the inability to speak, decreased levels of consciousness due to lack of oxygen to the brain, neck vein distension, pulsus paradoxus (decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration), cyanosis (turning blue). […] Status asthmaticus can be treated with bronchodilators, epinephrine, or corticosteroids. […] If a patient is experiencing status asthmaticus, the nursing care steps you should take are to administer oxygen, prepare for emergency intubation and mechanical ventilation.

• #29 Management of Acute Life-Threatening Asthma Exacerbations in the Intensive Care Unit

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/693

  The decision to intubate is a clinical one, albeit considering other investigations and the projected deterioration of the patient’s condition. […] The principle of mechanical ventilation in asthma is to avoid dynamic hyperinflation. […] The ventilation mode can be volume-assisted or controlled pressure-cycled ventilation with a tidal volume of 6–8 mL/kg IBW as a starting point. […] The use of inhalational anaesthetic agents in the ICU may only be performed in the presence of appropriate gas-scavenging equipment along with specialised delivery devices which are designed to conserve inhalational anaesthetics. […] In asthma refractory to standard intensive therapy (near-fatal asthma or status asthmaticus), ECMO may help to improve gas exchange without the expense of aggressive IMV.

• #30 Management of Acute Life-Threatening Asthma Exacerbations in the Intensive Care Unit

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/2/693

  The decision to intubate is a clinical one, albeit considering other investigations and the projected deterioration of the patient’s condition. […] The principle of mechanical ventilation in asthma is to avoid dynamic hyperinflation. […] The ventilation mode can be volume-assisted or controlled pressure-cycled ventilation with a tidal volume of 6–8 mL/kg IBW as a starting point. […] The use of inhalational anaesthetic agents in the ICU may only be performed in the presence of appropriate gas-scavenging equipment along with specialised delivery devices which are designed to conserve inhalational anaesthetics. […] In asthma refractory to standard intensive therapy (near-fatal asthma or status asthmaticus), ECMO may help to improve gas exchange without the expense of aggressive IMV.

• #31 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Coordination of Care states that asthma kills one out of every 100,000 persons, and poor management and lack of medication compliance increase mortality risk. […] Evidence shows that teaching patients about this disorder and the importance of compliance are critical for good outcomes. […] Patient education about the disease and modifying behavior is vital. The patient should also be encouraged to change lifestyle and control the environmental trigger factors. […] Discharge Planning includes taking medications as prescribed and avoiding triggers like pet dander, tobacco, and dust.

• #32 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  A major challenge is to implement basic asthma management principles at the home and community level. […] Patient teaching is a critical component of care for patients with asthma. Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique. Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring. Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patients diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background. […] Nurses should emphasize adherence to the prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and the need to keep follow-up appointments with health care providers. Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance. […] Home visits by the nurse to assess the home environment for allergens may be indicated for patients with recurrent exacerbations.

• #33 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Controlling the environment is essential to prevent recurrent attacks. Removing or avoiding allergens can significantly enhance the patients quality of life. […] Self-monitoring, weight loss, quitting smoking, and limiting exposure to pollution are all crucial for delaying disease progression and lowering the frequency of acute attacks. […] Patients should receive an asthma action plan and understand when to contact their provider or seek emergency assistance. […] Asthma flare-ups can be frightening. Assess if the patient is fearful of partaking in exercise or activities for fear of an asthma attack. […] Each individual will have their own asthma triggers. Common triggers include dust, pet hair, pollen, mold, pollution, infections, high humidity, and even stress. Identifying triggers helps prevent asthma exacerbations.

• #34 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  A major challenge is to implement basic asthma management principles at the home and community level. […] Patient teaching is a critical component of care for patients with asthma. Teach patient and family about asthma (chronic inflammatory), purpose and action of medications, triggers to avoid and how to do so, and proper inhalation technique. Instruct patient and family about peak-flow monitoring. Obtain current educational materials for the patient based on the patients diagnosis, causative factors, educational level, and cultural background. […] Nurses should emphasize adherence to the prescribed therapy, preventive measures, and the need to keep follow-up appointments with health care providers. Teach patient how to implement an action plan and how and when to seek assistance. […] Home visits by the nurse to assess the home environment for allergens may be indicated for patients with recurrent exacerbations.

• #35 Asthma Attack: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.asthma-attack-care-instructions.uh2704

  During a flare-up (asthma attack), the airways swell and narrow. This makes it hard to breathe. Severe asthma attacks can be dangerous. But you can help prevent these attacks by keeping your asthma under control and treating symptoms before they get bad. Symptoms include being short of breath, having chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Treating these symptoms can also help you avoid trips to the emergency room. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Follow your asthma action plan to prevent and treat flare-ups (asthma attacks). If you don’t have an asthma action plan, work with your doctor to create one.

• #36

  https://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2022/02000/asthma_management_updates.9.aspx

  This article discusses recent updates on the clinical management of asthma and outlines ways for nurses to engage patients in the management of their disease. […] The updated guidelines recommend individualized asthma action plans to promote self-management and involvement of individuals living with asthma so they can actively participate in the management of their disease. […] DD’s respiratory effort improves, and he appears more comfortable after an albuterol nebulizer is administered. […] The updated asthma guidelines published by GINA and NAEEP noted a conditional recommendation on shared decision-making between healthcare providers and individuals living with asthma. […] The updated guidelines moved from daily inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) to daily inhaled corticosteroids for acute asthma exacerbation and mild-persistent and mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. […] The SABA albuterol works in an acute situation by relaxing the muscle around the airways. […] Bronchial thermoplasty is a newer invasive procedure reserved for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma in adults 18 years of age or older who have failed conventional asthma therapy.

• #37 School Health Care Plans for Asthma and Allergies | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/asthma/living-with-asthma/school-health-care-plans-for-asthma-and-allergies/

  A school health care plan is a written set of documents that outlines your child’s medical condition and needs. The plan usually lists information about your child’s asthma or allergies, how they should be managed, and what to do in an emergency. […] An ECP is the medical plan your child’s doctor writes for the school nurse to follow. ECPs usually use terms people with a non-medical background can also understand and follow. […] An IHCP (sometimes called an IHP) is a nursing care plan that has both administrative and clinical purposes. It will probably have an ECP for managing and treating asthma symptoms or an allergic reaction. […] A 504 plan addresses what the school will do to create and maintain a safe school environment for your child. […] Your child’s school health care plan may include: Signs and symptoms of an asthma episode or attack or an allergic reaction, List of all asthma triggers and allergies, Asthma Action Plan and/or Anaphylaxis Action Plan. […] A written school health care plan helps you, your child, and the school staff understand everyone’s roles in ensuring your child’s safety and care while at school.

• #38 After your asthma attack | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/asthma-attacks-lp/after

  Even if youre feeling better now, its important to have a follow-up appointment at your GP surgery as soon as possible after your asthma attack. […] Around 1 in 6 people treated for an asthma attack need hospital care again within two weeks. Studies show that a follow-up appointment can help you avoid another attack. […] Use your follow-up appointment to talk about any medicines you may have been prescribed for your asthma attack. You can also talk about your usual asthma medicines. […] A short course of steroid tablets, usually prednisolone, treats the inflammation and swelling in your airways, and can lower your risk of another attack. You will usually need to take these for at least five days. […] An asthma action plan makes it easier to manage your symptoms, so youre less likely to need hospital treatment for an asthma attack.

• #39 Asthma attack – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354274

  If your symptoms don’t improve with at-home treatment, you will need to see your healthcare professional or get emergency care. […] The goal is to improve your breathing, to judge how severe an asthma attack is and to see whether the treatment is working. […] The goal of management is to treat an asthma attack at home by following your asthma action plan. At-home treatment may be enough to improve symptoms and make breathing easier. […] The red zone in an asthma action tells you to get emergency care if: […] If you go to the emergency room for an asthma attack in progress, you’ll likely get a number of treatments to restore regular breathing. Treatments may include: […] You’ll be given instructions for: […] If you are getting emergency care, bring your asthma action plan and medicine with you if possible. […] Your healthcare professional will likely to ask you a number of questions.

• #40 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  The need for supplemental oxygen during an asthma attack will depend on how severe the episode is. It is prescribed via nasal cannula or face mask when there are indications of hypoxia. […] Oral steroids are proven to be just as effective as IV steroids. Corticosteroids alleviate airway obstruction and prevent a late-phase response. […] Many patients with asthma improve after bronchodilator administration and can be discharged home after a few hours of observation. […] A small percentage of patients with asthma exacerbations will require ICU admission and intubation. Prepare for intubation if the patient does not respond to initial treatment, demonstrates mental status changes, or if ABG results reveal impending respiratory arrest. […] Long-term control medications are taken daily or scheduled to control and prevent flares. Short-term (rescue) medications are used for symptom relief during an attack.

• #41 After your asthma attack | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/asthma-attacks-lp/after

  Even if youre feeling better now, its important to have a follow-up appointment at your GP surgery as soon as possible after your asthma attack. […] Around 1 in 6 people treated for an asthma attack need hospital care again within two weeks. Studies show that a follow-up appointment can help you avoid another attack. […] Use your follow-up appointment to talk about any medicines you may have been prescribed for your asthma attack. You can also talk about your usual asthma medicines. […] A short course of steroid tablets, usually prednisolone, treats the inflammation and swelling in your airways, and can lower your risk of another attack. You will usually need to take these for at least five days. […] An asthma action plan makes it easier to manage your symptoms, so youre less likely to need hospital treatment for an asthma attack.

• #42

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2694

  If your doctor prescribed corticosteroid pills to use during an attack, take them as directed. They may take hours to work, but they may shorten the attack and help you breathe better. […] Talk to your doctor about making regular appointments. These visits will help you learn more about asthma and what you can do to control it. Your doctor will monitor your treatment to make sure the medicine is helping you. […] Keep track of your asthma attacks and your treatment. After you have had an attack, write down what triggered it, what helped end it, and any concerns you have about your Asthma Action Plan. […] Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if you have severe trouble breathing. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) now or seek immediate medical care if your symptoms do not get better after you have followed your asthma action plan. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if your coughing or wheezing get worse.

• #43 After your asthma attack | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/asthma-attacks-lp/after

  Even if youre feeling better now, its important to have a follow-up appointment at your GP surgery as soon as possible after your asthma attack. […] Around 1 in 6 people treated for an asthma attack need hospital care again within two weeks. Studies show that a follow-up appointment can help you avoid another attack. […] Use your follow-up appointment to talk about any medicines you may have been prescribed for your asthma attack. You can also talk about your usual asthma medicines. […] A short course of steroid tablets, usually prednisolone, treats the inflammation and swelling in your airways, and can lower your risk of another attack. You will usually need to take these for at least five days. […] An asthma action plan makes it easier to manage your symptoms, so youre less likely to need hospital treatment for an asthma attack.

• #44 After your asthma attack | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/asthma-attacks-lp/after

  Even if youre feeling better now, its important to have a follow-up appointment at your GP surgery as soon as possible after your asthma attack. […] Around 1 in 6 people treated for an asthma attack need hospital care again within two weeks. Studies show that a follow-up appointment can help you avoid another attack. […] Use your follow-up appointment to talk about any medicines you may have been prescribed for your asthma attack. You can also talk about your usual asthma medicines. […] A short course of steroid tablets, usually prednisolone, treats the inflammation and swelling in your airways, and can lower your risk of another attack. You will usually need to take these for at least five days. […] An asthma action plan makes it easier to manage your symptoms, so youre less likely to need hospital treatment for an asthma attack.

• #45 About Asthma | Asthma | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/about/index.html

  Asthma causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing at night or early in the morning. […] An asthma attack may include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. […] You can control your asthma by knowing the warning signs of an asthma attack, staying away from things that cause an attack, and following your doctor’s advice. […] Take your medicine exactly as your doctor tells you and stay away from things that can trigger an attack to control your asthma. […] If you need to use your reliever medicine more and more, visit your doctor to see if you need a different medicine. […] Controller medicines help you have fewer and milder asthma attacks. […] A trained home visitor can help find common asthma triggers in homes and discuss ways to reduce and remove triggers. Removing asthma triggers in the home, along with proper medical care can improve health. […] Asthma can be controlled with medications and avoiding triggers that cause an attack.

• #46 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Controlling the environment is essential to prevent recurrent attacks. Removing or avoiding allergens can significantly enhance the patients quality of life. […] Self-monitoring, weight loss, quitting smoking, and limiting exposure to pollution are all crucial for delaying disease progression and lowering the frequency of acute attacks. […] Patients should receive an asthma action plan and understand when to contact their provider or seek emergency assistance. […] Asthma flare-ups can be frightening. Assess if the patient is fearful of partaking in exercise or activities for fear of an asthma attack. […] Each individual will have their own asthma triggers. Common triggers include dust, pet hair, pollen, mold, pollution, infections, high humidity, and even stress. Identifying triggers helps prevent asthma exacerbations.

• #47 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Controlling the environment is essential to prevent recurrent attacks. Removing or avoiding allergens can significantly enhance the patients quality of life. […] Self-monitoring, weight loss, quitting smoking, and limiting exposure to pollution are all crucial for delaying disease progression and lowering the frequency of acute attacks. […] Patients should receive an asthma action plan and understand when to contact their provider or seek emergency assistance. […] Asthma flare-ups can be frightening. Assess if the patient is fearful of partaking in exercise or activities for fear of an asthma attack. […] Each individual will have their own asthma triggers. Common triggers include dust, pet hair, pollen, mold, pollution, infections, high humidity, and even stress. Identifying triggers helps prevent asthma exacerbations.

• #48 Asthma and nursing managements | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/asthma-and-nursing-managements-17127578/17127578

  Asthma and nursing managements […] The goal of nursing care in a patients having an asthma attack is to make sure there is adequate oxygen intake. […] The nurse must following physician order to:- -Administer inhaled rapid acting bronchodilators to open up the airways. -Administer corticosteroids such as prednisone to reduce inflammation in the airways. -Administer low flow humidified oxygen to prevent hypoxemia. -Administer intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and oral intake looses secretions in the airways. […] The first step in asthma management is environmental control by * Clean the house at least once a week and wear a mask while doing it *Avoid pets with fur or feathers *Wash the bedding (sheets, pillow cases, mattress pads) weekly in hot water *Encase the mattress, pillows and in dust-proof covers *Replace bedding made of down, foam rubber *Consider replacing carpeting with hardwood floors *Use the air conditioner *Keep the humidity in the house low

• #49 Asthma and nursing managements | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/asthma-and-nursing-managements-17127578/17127578

  Asthma and nursing managements […] The goal of nursing care in a patients having an asthma attack is to make sure there is adequate oxygen intake. […] The nurse must following physician order to:- -Administer inhaled rapid acting bronchodilators to open up the airways. -Administer corticosteroids such as prednisone to reduce inflammation in the airways. -Administer low flow humidified oxygen to prevent hypoxemia. -Administer intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and oral intake looses secretions in the airways. […] The first step in asthma management is environmental control by * Clean the house at least once a week and wear a mask while doing it *Avoid pets with fur or feathers *Wash the bedding (sheets, pillow cases, mattress pads) weekly in hot water *Encase the mattress, pillows and in dust-proof covers *Replace bedding made of down, foam rubber *Consider replacing carpeting with hardwood floors *Use the air conditioner *Keep the humidity in the house low

• #50 Asthma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660

  Long-term asthma control medications, generally taken daily, are the cornerstone of asthma treatment. These medications keep asthma under control on a day-to-day basis and make it less likely you’ll have an asthma attack. […] Quick-relief (rescue) medications are used as needed for rapid, short-term symptom relief during an asthma attack. […] If you have an asthma flare-up, a quick-relief inhaler can ease your symptoms right away. But you shouldn’t need to use your quick-relief inhaler very often if your long-term control medications are working properly. […] Work with your doctor to create an asthma action plan that outlines in writing when to take certain medications or when to increase or decrease the dose of your medications based on your symptoms. […] Taking steps to reduce your exposure to asthma triggers is a key part of asthma control.

• #51

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2704

  Use your quick-relief medicine when you have symptoms of an asthma attack. Some people need to use quick-relief medicine before they exercise to prevent asthma symptoms. […] Take your controller medicine every day, not just when you have symptoms. Controller medicine usually includes an inhaled corticosteroid. The goal is to prevent problems before they occur. […] If your doctor prescribed corticosteroid pills to use during an attack, take them exactly as prescribed. It may take hours for the pills to work, but they may make the episode shorter and help you breathe better. […] Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if you have severe trouble breathing. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if your symptoms do not get better after you have followed your asthma action plan.

• #52

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2704

  Use your quick-relief medicine when you have symptoms of an asthma attack. Some people need to use quick-relief medicine before they exercise to prevent asthma symptoms. […] Take your controller medicine every day, not just when you have symptoms. Controller medicine usually includes an inhaled corticosteroid. The goal is to prevent problems before they occur. […] If your doctor prescribed corticosteroid pills to use during an attack, take them exactly as prescribed. It may take hours for the pills to work, but they may make the episode shorter and help you breathe better. […] Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if you have severe trouble breathing. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if your symptoms do not get better after you have followed your asthma action plan.

• #53 Asthma: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/asthma-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Controlling the environment is essential to prevent recurrent attacks. Removing or avoiding allergens can significantly enhance the patients quality of life. […] Self-monitoring, weight loss, quitting smoking, and limiting exposure to pollution are all crucial for delaying disease progression and lowering the frequency of acute attacks. […] Patients should receive an asthma action plan and understand when to contact their provider or seek emergency assistance. […] Asthma flare-ups can be frightening. Assess if the patient is fearful of partaking in exercise or activities for fear of an asthma attack. […] Each individual will have their own asthma triggers. Common triggers include dust, pet hair, pollen, mold, pollution, infections, high humidity, and even stress. Identifying triggers helps prevent asthma exacerbations.

• #54 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Of the interventions identified in this review, the largest consensus was on the education of individuals with asthma. […] Given the importance of the correct use of medication for asthma management, the articles analyzed reinforce that the role of nurses should go beyond simple education, and also include the verification and training of inhalation technique. […] Several studies analyzed show the importance of the role of nurses in empowering individuals with asthma to self-manage the disease. […] For self-management of the disease by individuals with asthma, it is essential to use written action plans carried out jointly between the health team and the patient. […] Another role evidenced by the articles analyzed was the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship between nurses and asthma patients.

• #55 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Of the interventions identified in this review, the largest consensus was on the education of individuals with asthma. […] Given the importance of the correct use of medication for asthma management, the articles analyzed reinforce that the role of nurses should go beyond simple education, and also include the verification and training of inhalation technique. […] Several studies analyzed show the importance of the role of nurses in empowering individuals with asthma to self-manage the disease. […] For self-management of the disease by individuals with asthma, it is essential to use written action plans carried out jointly between the health team and the patient. […] Another role evidenced by the articles analyzed was the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship between nurses and asthma patients.

• #56 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Asthma / Childhood Asthma | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-asthma-childhood-asthma

  Monitor peak flow measurements regularly. Educate on proper inhaler technique and encourage adherence to prescribed medications. […] Administer bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications as prescribed. Monitor respiratory status regularly. […] An asthma action plan helps the parents, school, and daycare providers to understand and control asthma in children. […] Provide education for patients/parents regarding the use of maintenance medications and how to recognize and avoid triggers. […] Education is key here. We want to educate the parents on the proper use of inhalers because any child that’s five years or older, we want to make sure that we use a spacer. […] When a person can’t breathe, they are anxious and that will drive up the respiratory rate. […] We want to make sure that we position this patient upright. Positioning is something that can really help open those lungs, expand those lungs and get that air moving. […] Bronchodilators, such as albuterol. It just helps reduce that inflammation kind of open up that airway and relax those contracted bronchial passageways.

• #57 Signs of an Asthma Attack and What to Do – Children’s Health

  https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/signs-of-an-asthma-attack-and-what-to-do

  „When children are having trouble breathing, it’s important they sit in a calm, quiet environment to relieve their anxiety,” says Dr. Afolabi. „Asthma attacks are scary, and anxiety makes it worse.” […] If your child has already been diagnosed with asthma, their doctor has probably prescribed two types of asthma medications: […] „Controller medicine,” which is taken daily to control the asthma […] „Reliever medicine,” which opens the airways and gives your child quick relief of asthma symptoms (The most common reliever medicines are called albuterol or levalbuterol.) […] When your child is having an asthma flare-up, give your child the reliever medicine. You should see asthma symptoms improve within a few minutes. For some children, it may take up to 30 minutes. […] If a child is having an asthma attack and does not have an inhaler, don’t borrow someone else’s inhaler medicine.

• #58 Asthma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Environmental Control, Allergen Immunotherapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296301-treatment

  The mainstay of ED therapy for acute asthma is inhaled beta2 agonists. […] Although use of systemic corticosteroids is recommended early in the course of acute exacerbations in patients with an incomplete response to beta agonists, oral administration is equivalent in efficacy to intravenous administration. […] Asthma complicates 4-8% of pregnancies. Mild and well-controlled moderate asthma can be associated with excellent maternal and perinatal pregnancy outcomes. […] The presence of acid in the distal esophagus, mediated via vagal or other neural reflexes, can significantly increase airway resistance and airway reactivity. […] Of patients with asthma, 50% have concurrent sinus disease. Sinusitis is the most important exacerbating factor for asthma symptoms. […] Nocturnal asthma is a significant clinical problem that should be addressed aggressively.

• #59 Living with asthma

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/asthma/managing-your-asthma/

  Asthma treatments can help control symptoms and reduce the risk of asthma attacks. […] The plan includes information on: […] what to do if you have an asthma attack […] Do not do a peak flow test if you think you are having an asthma attack. Follow the steps in your asthma action plan. […] Avoiding triggers can help you control your symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. […] If you have asthma symptoms during exercise: […] Exercise should not trigger your asthma when your asthma is under control. […] There is a risk of complications if your asthma is not under control during pregnancy.

• #60 Asthma Exacerbation Nursing Care Plan

  https://www.thenursingjournal.com/post/asthma-exacerbation-nursing-care

  Asthma Exacerbation Nursing Care, but before we get into that, make sure that you’ve understood the: […] Asthma Exacerbations are usually triggered by outside factors, with the most common being Viral Respiratory Infections such as the human rhinovirus, influenza and coronavirus. These infections trigger hyper-responsiveness which in turn causes the airways to become severely inflamed leading to an exacerbation. […] In itself, Asthma is a chronic illness and it can not be prevented, but it can be well controlled and Asthma Exacerbations can be prevented. To prevent flare-ups, the patients care has to rest on four main pillars: […] Patient education and knowledge about Asthma […] Regular monitoring of symptoms and lung function […] Adjustment of pharmacologic therapy when necessary […] Knowing and avoiding the triggering factors.

• #61 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Nurses play a crucial role in the control and treatment of asthma; […] The integration of an asthma nursing consultation in PHC; […] Define the role of nurses as integrated providers of asthma-related care. […] The results reveal that, although the scientific evidence on the intervention of these professionals is poorly developed, nurses play a crucial role in the control and treatment of asthma. […] The scientific evidence analyzed allowed the identification of interventions that can help the organization of a nursing health appointment, providing nurses with a crucial role in the control and treatment of asthma in adults in the context of PHC. […] The evidence gathered from the articles analyzed allowed us to identify that nurses play a crucial role in the control and treatment of asthma.

• #62 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Of the interventions identified in this review, the largest consensus was on the education of individuals with asthma. […] Given the importance of the correct use of medication for asthma management, the articles analyzed reinforce that the role of nurses should go beyond simple education, and also include the verification and training of inhalation technique. […] Several studies analyzed show the importance of the role of nurses in empowering individuals with asthma to self-manage the disease. […] For self-management of the disease by individuals with asthma, it is essential to use written action plans carried out jointly between the health team and the patient. […] Another role evidenced by the articles analyzed was the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship between nurses and asthma patients.

• #63 Asthma Exacerbation Nursing Care Plan

  https://www.thenursingjournal.com/post/asthma-exacerbation-nursing-care

  Assess the patients needs and figure out what their concerns are, and then find coping mechanisms that work for that patient. […] Many patients who have experienced an Asthma Exacerbation say that it felt as if they were suffocating and that they were scared they might die. […] In some cases, exacerbations can be avoided but it’s almost impossible to avoid them if the patient doesn’t understand the disease in the first place. […] After having gone through all the diagnoses and management, you will need to re-evaluate the situation and see if there’s been any improvement or deterioration in your patient.

• #64 Asthma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660

  Regular exercise can strengthen your heart and lungs, which helps relieve asthma symptoms. […] Taking care of yourself can help keep your symptoms under control, including: […] Certain alternative treatments may help with asthma symptoms. However, keep in mind that these treatments are not a replacement for medical treatment, especially if you have severe asthma. […] Asthma can be challenging and stressful. You may sometimes become frustrated, angry or depressed because you need to cut back on your usual activities to avoid environmental triggers. […] Your treatment should be flexible and based on changes in your symptoms. Your doctor should ask about your symptoms at each visit. Based on your signs and symptoms, your doctor can adjust your treatment accordingly.

• #65 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Of the interventions identified in this review, the largest consensus was on the education of individuals with asthma. […] Given the importance of the correct use of medication for asthma management, the articles analyzed reinforce that the role of nurses should go beyond simple education, and also include the verification and training of inhalation technique. […] Several studies analyzed show the importance of the role of nurses in empowering individuals with asthma to self-manage the disease. […] For self-management of the disease by individuals with asthma, it is essential to use written action plans carried out jointly between the health team and the patient. […] Another role evidenced by the articles analyzed was the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship between nurses and asthma patients.

• #66

  https://www.rcn.org.uk/magazines/Clinical/2024/Aug/Asthma-clinical-explainer

  Every nurse should understand the roles of different kinds of inhalers, says La Toya, so they can explain how they work to their patients. Education can also help patients avoid side-effects, reducing the risk of non-compliance. […] Any member of nursing staff could encounter a patient with asthma, so ensuring you can support patients with their inhaler technique is a vital skill, says Callum. […] Nursing staff should know what someones action plan says, recognising when their symptoms are deteriorating and an attack is likely, or when they might need to escalate, Callum adds. […] Getting someones symptoms stable is key, he says. Its really important we remind our patients that asthma can still be life-threatening, without unnecessarily alarming them. When people are feeling well, they often ask, do I need to continue with my inhalers. But its about preventive therapy. The aim is for them to remain symptom-free.

• #67 Asthma Nursing Care Management and Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma/

  Documentation is a necessary part of the nursing care provided, and the following data must be documented: Related factors for individual client. Breath sounds, presence and character of secretions, and use of accessory muscles for breathing. Character of cough and sputum. Respiratory rate, pulse oximetry/o2 saturation, and vital signs. Plan of care and who is involved in planning. Teaching plan. Clients response to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Use of respiratory devices/airway adjuncts. Response to medications administered. Attainment or progress towards desired outcomes. Modifications to the plan of care.

• #68 Improving asthma care with Asthma-COPD Afterhours Respiratory Nurse at Emergency (A-CARE) | BMJ Open Quality

  https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/9/2/e000894

  The A-CARE nurse systemically tracked the attendance rates of patients who were referred to our respiratory clinics for follow-up after discharge and audited the compliance rate of OCS prescription, initiation of ICS and issuance of outpatient asthma follow-up. […] A significant proportion of patients present to the ED after-hours for acute asthma and many patients were found to lack regular controller therapy, follow-up for asthma, or were non-adherent to their inhalers or currently still smoking. […] Opportunities to optimise the management of patients with asthma in the ED therefore exist which could be addressed by high-quality asthma care. […] A pilot after-hours asthma nurse service was thus implemented as a QI project and achieved the target of 80% adherence rates to the prescription of OCS and issuance of outpatient follow-up for patients discharged from the ED but fell short of target for prescription of ICS.

• #69 Nursing Diagnosis for Asthma: 8 Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/asthma-nursing-care-plans/

  Utilize this comprehensive nursing care plan and management guide to provide effective care for patients with asthma. Gain valuable insights on nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis specifically tailored for asthma in this guide. […] Nursing care for patients with asthma varies depending on symptom severity, ranging from outpatient treatment for mild symptoms to hospitalization for acute and severe cases. Patients and their families may experience fear and anxiety due to dyspnea, emphasizing the need for a calm approach. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with asthma: 1. Improving Breathing Pattern Gas Exchange 2. Maintaining Patent Airways Reducing Airway Inflammation 3. Medical Administration and Pharmacologic Support 4. Preventing Exacerbation of Asthma 5. Reducing Anxiety Improving Coping 6. Promoting Rest Energy Conservation 7. Providing Patient Education Health Teachings.

• #70 Asthma (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568760/

  Asthma is a common disease and has a range of severity, from a very mild, occasional wheeze to an acute, life-threatening airway closure. It usually presents in childhood and is associated with other features of atopy, such as eczema and hayfever. […] Nursing Management includes checking oxygen status, listening to lungs, assessing for respiratory distress, positioning the patient upright, and administering medications as prescribed. […] When to seek help includes respiratory distress, no air entry in lungs during auscultation, low oxygen saturation, and patient cyanotic. […] Outcome Identification includes breathing normally, normal oxygen saturation, no wheeze, and no respiratory distress. […] Monitoring includes lung auscultation for wheezing, medication compliance, fever, vitals, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gas.

• #71 Nurses’ Role in the Control and Treatment of Asthma in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11130916/

  Furthermore, only one of the articles analyzed referred to the importance of seasonal influenza vaccination, despite the recommendations of the DGH and GINA regarding this vaccine for people with asthma. […] In addition to the surveillance consultation, nurses also play an important role in the management of asthma-related emergencies. […] Finally, the studies analyzed also show that integrating the role of the nurse with the role of the physician in the management of asthma results in significant benefits for asthma patients. […] This study revealed that PHC nurses play a crucial role in the management and treatment of asthma in adults.

• #72

  https://www.rcn.org.uk/magazines/Clinical/2024/Aug/Asthma-clinical-explainer

  Asthma affects a persons airways, causing them to become inflamed and therefore narrowed, so less air gets into and out of the lungs. Symptoms include wheezing, breathlessness, a tight chest, and coughing. These can sometimes worsen quickly, leading to an asthma attack. […] Initial diagnosis can be a challenging time for patients, says Callum. Its a long-term condition, so there can be quite a psychological impact, he says. Suddenly youre required to have continuous therapy, annual reviews and frequent check-ups. Its a lot to take in. Nursing staff are integral to ensuring theres support there. […] In the longer-term, nursing staff have a critical role in providing reviews and working alongside patients to help them self-manage their condition, says La Toya. Basic care involves a personalised action plan, she says. This ensures the patient is on the right medication, they understand how to take it and what it does, and when they should seek follow-up from a health care professional.

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