Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Drug allergy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835

  A drug allergy happens when the immune system mistakenly identifies a medicine as a harmful substance, such as a virus or bacterium. […] Once the immune system detects a medicine as a harmful substance, it develops an antibody specific to that medicine. […] If you have a drug allergy, the best prevention is to avoid using the problem medicine. Steps you can take to protect yourself include the following: […] Be sure that your drug allergy is clearly identified in your medical records. Inform other healthcare professionals, such as your dentist or any medical specialist. […] Wear a medical alert bracelet that identifies your drug allergy. This information can ensure proper treatment in an emergency.

• #2 Drug allergy | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/drug-allergy

  A drug allergy happens when the immune system mistakenly identifies a medicine as a harmful substance, such as a virus or bacterium. […] Once the immune system detects a medicine as a harmful substance, it develops an antibody specific to that medicine. […] The next time you take the medicine, these specific antibodies flag the medicine and direct immune system attacks on the substance. […] If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment. […] Your health professional may prescribe an antihistamine or recommend a nonprescription antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). […] Anaphylaxis requires an immediate epinephrine shot. Hospital care also is needed to maintain blood pressure and support breathing.

• #3 Drug allergy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835

  A drug allergy is the reaction of the immune system to a medicine. Any medicine over-the-counter, prescription or herbal can trigger a drug allergy. However, a drug allergy is more likely with certain medicines. […] The most common symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash and fever. But a drug allergy also may cause serious reactions. This includes a severe, life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. […] Symptoms of a serious drug allergy often happen within an hour after taking a medicine. Other reactions, particularly rashes, can happen hours, days or weeks later. […] Call 911 or emergency medical help if you experience signs of a severe reaction or suspected anaphylaxis after taking a medicine. […] If you have milder symptoms of a drug allergy, see a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

• #4 Drug Allergy Basics: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/drug-allergy

  A drug allergy is an allergic reaction to a medication. With an allergic reaction, your immune system, which fights infection and disease, reacts to the drug. This reaction can cause symptoms such as rash, fever, and trouble breathing. […] True drug allergy is not common. Less than 5 to 10 percent of negative drug reactions are caused by genuine drug allergy. The rest are side effects of the drug. All the same, its important to know if you have a drug allergy and what to do about it. […] Not always. The symptoms of a drug allergy may be so mild that you hardly notice them. You might experience nothing more than a slight rash. […] A severe drug allergy, however, can be life-threatening. It could cause anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a sudden, life-threatening, whole-body reaction to a drug or other allergen. An anaphylactic reaction could occur minutes after you take the drug. In some cases, it could happen within 12 hours of taking the drug. Symptoms can include: irregular heartbeat, trouble breathing, swelling, unconsciousness.

• #5 Drug allergy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835

  A drug allergy is the reaction of the immune system to a medicine. Any medicine over-the-counter, prescription or herbal can trigger a drug allergy. However, a drug allergy is more likely with certain medicines. […] The most common symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash and fever. But a drug allergy also may cause serious reactions. This includes a severe, life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. […] Symptoms of a serious drug allergy often happen within an hour after taking a medicine. Other reactions, particularly rashes, can happen hours, days or weeks later. […] Call 911 or emergency medical help if you experience signs of a severe reaction or suspected anaphylaxis after taking a medicine. […] If you have milder symptoms of a drug allergy, see a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

• #6 Drug allergy // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/drug-allergy

  A drug allergy is the reaction of the immune system to a medicine. […] The most common symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash and fever. […] A drug allergy also may cause serious reactions. This includes a severe, life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. […] If you have milder symptoms of a drug allergy, see a healthcare professional as soon as possible. […] A drug allergy happens when the immune system mistakenly identifies a medicine as a harmful substance, such as a virus or bacterium. […] The next time you take the medicine, these specific antibodies flag the medicine and direct immune system attacks on the substance. […] If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment. […] Anaphylaxis requires an immediate epinephrine shot. Hospital care also is needed to maintain blood pressure and support breathing.

• #7 Drug Allergy | Anaphylaxis UK

  https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/fact-sheet/drug-allergy/

  There are different types of drug allergy. Here we focus on the type of reactions that come on very quickly and can lead to anaphylaxis. If you have symptoms you think might be caused by a drug, visit your GP or pharmacist. […] The symptoms of a drug allergy can come on quickly, within minutes of taking the drug. […] Mild to moderate symptoms may include: nettle rash (known as hives or urticaria) anywhere on the body a tingling or itchy feeling in the mouth swelling of lips, face or eyes stomach pain or vomiting. More serious symptoms are often referred to as the ABC symptoms and can include: AIRWAY – swelling in the throat, tongue or upper airways (tightening of the throat, hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing). BREATHING – sudden onset wheezing, breathing difficulty, noisy breathing. CIRCULATION – dizziness, feeling faint, sudden sleepiness, tiredness, confusion, pale clammy skin, loss of consciousness.

• #8 Drug Allergy | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/medicine-drug-allergy/

  Common symptoms of an allergic reaction to a drug can include: Rash or hives, Itching, Breathing problems, Swelling, especially the face and tongue. […] […] A true drug allergy can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis usually involve more than one part of the body such as the skin, mouth, eyes, lungs, heart, gut, and brain. Some symptoms include: Skin rashes, itching, and hives; Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat; Shortness of breath, trouble breathing, wheezing (whistling sound during breathing); Stomach pain, vomiting, or diarrhea; Feeling like something awful is about to happen. […] […] The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine. You must treat anaphylaxis right away for the best chance for improvement and to prevent serious, potentially life-threatening complications. […] […] If you have an allergic reaction to a medicine, stop taking it and contact your doctor right away. […]

• #9 Drug Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8621-medication-allergies

  If you have a drug allergy, always inform a healthcare provider before undergoing any type of treatment, including dental care or surgical procedures. […] Go to the emergency room or call 911 or your local emergency number immediately if you have any symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. These symptoms include: Trouble breathing. Difficulty swallowing. Sudden weakness or lightheadedness. An accelerated heartbeat. Unconsciousness. Without treatment, your symptoms may be fatal.

• #10 Drug Allergy | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/medicine-drug-allergy/

  Common symptoms of an allergic reaction to a drug can include: Rash or hives, Itching, Breathing problems, Swelling, especially the face and tongue. […] […] A true drug allergy can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis usually involve more than one part of the body such as the skin, mouth, eyes, lungs, heart, gut, and brain. Some symptoms include: Skin rashes, itching, and hives; Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat; Shortness of breath, trouble breathing, wheezing (whistling sound during breathing); Stomach pain, vomiting, or diarrhea; Feeling like something awful is about to happen. […] […] The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine. You must treat anaphylaxis right away for the best chance for improvement and to prevent serious, potentially life-threatening complications. […] […] If you have an allergic reaction to a medicine, stop taking it and contact your doctor right away. […]

• #11 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. […] Coexisting asthma, mast cell disorders, older age, underlying cardiovascular disease, peanut and tree nut allergy, and drug-induced reactions are associated with severe or fatal anaphylactic reactions. […] Following an anaphylactic reaction, management should focus on developing an emergency action plan, referral to an allergist, and patient education on avoidance of triggers and appropriate use of an epinephrine auto-injector. […] The mainstay of treatment of acute IgE-mediated or nonimmune anaphylaxis is epinephrine. […] Delayed or lack of epinephrine use continues to be a problem despite current guidelines emphasizing the importance of early administration.

• #12 Drug Allergy to Medications | Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/allergies/drug-allergy/

  If certain medications make your skin bloom with hives, cause light-headedness, nausea, difficulty breathing or stomach cramps, or make your throat or mouth swell, it could be the result of a drug allergy. Symptoms can begin within moments of ingesting a medication or up to several hours later. […] The most severe allergic reactions to medications usually happen when the medication is given as a shot or intravenously (directly into a vein). […] If you develop flushing or hives within a few hours of taking a medication, call a board-certified allergist. If symptoms are severe and involve multiple body organs a skin rash, respiratory problems and/or digestive issues it could be anaphylaxis. Call 911 and go to the emergency department immediately. Then you’ll need to schedule a visit with the allergist and get tested for a drug allergy.

• #13 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  An accurate diagnosis is essential. […] A healthcare professional typically does a physical exam and asks you questions. […] Your health professional may order more tests or refer you to an allergy specialist, called an allergist, for tests. […] A positive result suggests that you may have a drug allergy. […] A negative result isn’t as clear-cut. […] After looking at your symptoms and test results, a healthcare professional can usually reach one of the following conclusions: You have a drug allergy. […] Treatments for a drug allergy can be divided into two general strategies: Treatment for present allergy symptoms. […] Stopping the medicine. If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment.

• #14 Drug Allergy – BSACISearch iconSearch icon

  https://www.bsaci.org/resources/allergy-management/drug-allergy/

  The term drug allergy should be considered to encompass any reaction due to a drug that has clinical features compatible with hypersensitivity. Therefore, anyone presenting with a rash, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension should be considered to have drug allergy regardless of the nature of the underlying mechanism. […] The investigation of drug allergy relies heavily on a detailed clinical history which must include a description of the rash, the onset of symptoms and the number of doses of each drug taken before the reaction starts. Therefore, documentation of an acute drug-allergic reaction is key to accurate identification of the culprit. The NICE drug allergy guideline (CG183 2014) provides guidance on documentation and recommends that the patient receives written communication detailing the nature of their drug allergy and a list of drugs to avoid. It is essential that all primary and secondary care organisations incorporate a template onto their electronic patient record systems in order to fulfil the requirements for documentation and communication of drug allergy.

• #15 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  An accurate diagnosis is essential. […] A healthcare professional typically does a physical exam and asks you questions. […] Your health professional may order more tests or refer you to an allergy specialist, called an allergist, for tests. […] A positive result suggests that you may have a drug allergy. […] A negative result isn’t as clear-cut. […] After looking at your symptoms and test results, a healthcare professional can usually reach one of the following conclusions: You have a drug allergy. […] Treatments for a drug allergy can be divided into two general strategies: Treatment for present allergy symptoms. […] Stopping the medicine. If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment.

• #16 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  An accurate diagnosis is essential. […] A healthcare professional typically does a physical exam and asks you questions. […] Your health professional may order more tests or refer you to an allergy specialist, called an allergist, for tests. […] A positive result suggests that you may have a drug allergy. […] A negative result isn’t as clear-cut. […] After looking at your symptoms and test results, a healthcare professional can usually reach one of the following conclusions: You have a drug allergy. […] Treatments for a drug allergy can be divided into two general strategies: Treatment for present allergy symptoms. […] Stopping the medicine. If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment.

• #17 Drug Allergy Clinic | Vanderbilt Health Nashville, TN

  https://www.vanderbilthealth.com/clinic/drug-allergy-clinic

  Our clinic provides personalized testing and care for people with drug and medication allergies. An inaccurate drug allergy diagnosis can create problems with your medical care. Knowing your medication allergies can help ensure you receive the best possible care. […] Many people who have been told they are allergic to a certain medication may not actually be allergic to it. They may have had a one-time reaction, may have been allergic to an ingredient that is no longer used in that drug or may have outgrown the allergy. An inaccurate drug allergy diagnosis can create problems with your medical care. Our experts diagnose whether you have a true drug allergy and, if so, what to do about it. […] We offer a full range of tests, treatments and services, including: Blood tests, Desensitization, Education and materials about avoiding or substituting certain medications, Medical history assessment, Medication challenges, Patch testing, Pharmacogenomic testing, Skin testing.

• #18 Drug Allergy Clinic | Vanderbilt Health Nashville, TN

  https://www.vanderbilthealth.com/clinic/drug-allergy-clinic

  Our clinic provides personalized testing and care for people with drug and medication allergies. An inaccurate drug allergy diagnosis can create problems with your medical care. Knowing your medication allergies can help ensure you receive the best possible care. […] Many people who have been told they are allergic to a certain medication may not actually be allergic to it. They may have had a one-time reaction, may have been allergic to an ingredient that is no longer used in that drug or may have outgrown the allergy. An inaccurate drug allergy diagnosis can create problems with your medical care. Our experts diagnose whether you have a true drug allergy and, if so, what to do about it. […] We offer a full range of tests, treatments and services, including: Blood tests, Desensitization, Education and materials about avoiding or substituting certain medications, Medical history assessment, Medication challenges, Patch testing, Pharmacogenomic testing, Skin testing.

• #19 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  Anaphylaxis requires an immediate epinephrine shot. […] If you have a confirmed drug allergy, a healthcare professional likely would not prescribe the medicine that causes a reaction unless it is necessary. […] With either strategy, your health professional provides careful supervision. […] If the diagnosis of a drug allergy is uncertain and a healthcare professional judges that an allergy is unlikely, a graded drug challenge may be an option. […] If it’s necessary for you to take a medicine that has caused an allergic reaction, your care professional may recommend a treatment called drug desensitization.

• #20 Latex & Drug Allergy Testing and Treatment | UPMC in Central Pa.

  https://www.upmc.com/services/south-central-pa/allergy-asthma-immunology/allergies/drug-latex

  The allergy specialists at UPMC in central Pa. offer diagnostic testing and treatment for children and adults with latex allergies or drug allergies. […] Our specialists provide comprehensive treatment for latex allergies and allergies to drugs or medications. We offer a full range of diagnostic and treatment services to help you understand and manage your latex allergy or drug allergy, including: […] Diagnostic Tests for Drug Allergies […] Oral drug challenge is a test that is used to confirm or rule out a drug allergy. During the test, you will be given a small, gradually increasing amount of a suspected allergy-causing drug under medical supervision and be monitored for signs of an allergic reaction. […] Allergy medications. Some medications may be able to help control mild allergic reactions to medications or latex, but may not be suitable if you have a severe or life-threatening allergy.

• #21 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  An accurate diagnosis is essential. […] A healthcare professional typically does a physical exam and asks you questions. […] Your health professional may order more tests or refer you to an allergy specialist, called an allergist, for tests. […] A positive result suggests that you may have a drug allergy. […] A negative result isn’t as clear-cut. […] After looking at your symptoms and test results, a healthcare professional can usually reach one of the following conclusions: You have a drug allergy. […] Treatments for a drug allergy can be divided into two general strategies: Treatment for present allergy symptoms. […] Stopping the medicine. If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment.

• #22 Providing information and support to patients – Drug Allergy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274145/

  Patients are often left bewildered following a suspected allergic reaction to a drug. […] Fear of experiencing a further reaction can be heightened by a lack of information and worsened if the original reaction was severe. […] A drug allergy may not have been responsible for the original reaction, and so if drug allergy is excluded it is equally important that this information is conveyed to the individual in order to provide reassurance and enable optimal treatment to be prescribed in future. […] Written information given to the patient at the time of the reaction, with details of drug, number of doses and the nature and severity of the reaction will avoid uncertainty and in many cases allow prescription of an alternative drug not known to cross-react with the original compound. […] The importance of communication with patients who have had a suspected or confirmed drug allergy was highlighted by studies which described the fear of having a repeat reaction and the anxiety experienced by parents of children with a suspected drug allergy.

• #23 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/anaphylaxis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Anaphylaxis requires prompt rapid diagnosis and care since cardiac or respiratory arrest and death can occur. […] Initial management includes removal of the trigger, administering epinephrine as soon as possible, and managing the airway. […] It is crucial to provide health teaching with an epinephrine auto-injector on how to use it. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for anaphylaxis, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] Decreased cardiac output associated with anaphylaxis can be caused by decreased preload due to a severe decrease in venous tone and fluid extravasation, histamine leakage causing blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, and vasodilation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output

• #24 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/anaphylaxis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge […] Deficient knowledge associated with anaphylaxis can result in a misunderstanding of triggers, symptoms, prevention, and management. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Anaphylaxis can become life-threatening quickly if not recognized or treated immediately, causing airway obstruction requiring intubation and ventilation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Ineffective airway clearance associated with anaphylaxis can be caused by airway spasms and laryngeal edema or swelling, leading to airway constriction and decreased oxygenation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Adverse Reaction […] A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred. Nursing interventions are aimed at prevention.

• #25 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/anaphylaxis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge […] Deficient knowledge associated with anaphylaxis can result in a misunderstanding of triggers, symptoms, prevention, and management. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Anaphylaxis can become life-threatening quickly if not recognized or treated immediately, causing airway obstruction requiring intubation and ventilation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Ineffective airway clearance associated with anaphylaxis can be caused by airway spasms and laryngeal edema or swelling, leading to airway constriction and decreased oxygenation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Adverse Reaction […] A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred. Nursing interventions are aimed at prevention.

• #26 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/anaphylaxis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge […] Deficient knowledge associated with anaphylaxis can result in a misunderstanding of triggers, symptoms, prevention, and management. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Anaphylaxis can become life-threatening quickly if not recognized or treated immediately, causing airway obstruction requiring intubation and ventilation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Ineffective airway clearance associated with anaphylaxis can be caused by airway spasms and laryngeal edema or swelling, leading to airway constriction and decreased oxygenation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Adverse Reaction […] A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred. Nursing interventions are aimed at prevention.

• #27 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/anaphylaxis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge […] Deficient knowledge associated with anaphylaxis can result in a misunderstanding of triggers, symptoms, prevention, and management. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Anaphylaxis can become life-threatening quickly if not recognized or treated immediately, causing airway obstruction requiring intubation and ventilation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Ineffective airway clearance associated with anaphylaxis can be caused by airway spasms and laryngeal edema or swelling, leading to airway constriction and decreased oxygenation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Adverse Reaction […] A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms as the problem has not yet occurred. Nursing interventions are aimed at prevention.

• #28 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  The nurse has an important role in preventing anaphylactic shock. […] The nurse must assess all patients for allergies or previous reactions to antigens. […] The nurse must also assess the patients understanding of previous reactions and steps taken by the patient and the family to prevent further exposure to antigens. […] When new allergies are identified, the nurse advises the patient to wear or carry identification that names the specific allergen or antigen. […] Based on the assessment data, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient are: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation perfusion imbalance. […] The major goals for a patient with anaphylactic shock are: Client will maintain an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of adventitious breath sounds.

• #29 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  The nurse has an important role in preventing anaphylactic shock. […] The nurse must assess all patients for allergies or previous reactions to antigens. […] The nurse must also assess the patients understanding of previous reactions and steps taken by the patient and the family to prevent further exposure to antigens. […] When new allergies are identified, the nurse advises the patient to wear or carry identification that names the specific allergen or antigen. […] Based on the assessment data, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient are: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation perfusion imbalance. […] The major goals for a patient with anaphylactic shock are: Client will maintain an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of adventitious breath sounds.

• #30 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  Finally, PREPARE for emergency treatment, including the potential need to administer IV fluids, oxygen, and resuscitative medications. […] An acute HSR is a frightening experience. […] After the initial event, supportive care and close monitoring will be needed for several hours to ensure that symptoms do not recur. […] Recognizing high-risk patients and situations is an essential first step in reducing HSR morbidity and mortality. […] Clinical variables known to increase risk for HSRs include personal history of drug allergy, multiple allergy syndrome, presence of Epstein-Barr or HIV infection, or concurrent asthma. […] For high-risk medications, premedications with antihistamines and corticosteroids are widely used. […] An acute HSR is also an adverse drug reaction (ADR) and should be reported according to your organization’s policies. […] Enhanced reporting of ADRs will assist in defining true incidences of drug reactions. […] Readily available emergency supplies and medications can minimize the adverse outcomes of severe HSRs.

• #31 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  An acute hypersensitivity reaction is a rare but serious complication of exposure to foods, natural-rubber latex, medications, and other antigens. […] Nurses and nurse practitioners must recognize HSR risk factors, read early signs and symptoms, and intervene to protect the patient from further harm. […] Oncology nurses are particularly likely to witness HSRs from antimicrobials, biological and chemotherapeutic agents. […] All chemotherapy has the potential to cause an HSR. […] If you suspect your patient is experiencing early symptoms of an acute HSR, don’t hesitate to implement your emergency interventions. […] STOP the infusion but maintain IV access. […] CALL the provider. […] ASSESS your patient further: collect vital signs, use a pulse oximeter to obtain oxygen saturation, listen to breath sounds, and check for symptom progression.

• #32 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  An acute hypersensitivity reaction is a rare but serious complication of exposure to foods, natural-rubber latex, medications, and other antigens. […] Nurses and nurse practitioners must recognize HSR risk factors, read early signs and symptoms, and intervene to protect the patient from further harm. […] Oncology nurses are particularly likely to witness HSRs from antimicrobials, biological and chemotherapeutic agents. […] All chemotherapy has the potential to cause an HSR. […] If you suspect your patient is experiencing early symptoms of an acute HSR, don’t hesitate to implement your emergency interventions. […] STOP the infusion but maintain IV access. […] CALL the provider. […] ASSESS your patient further: collect vital signs, use a pulse oximeter to obtain oxygen saturation, listen to breath sounds, and check for symptom progression.

• #33 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  Finally, PREPARE for emergency treatment, including the potential need to administer IV fluids, oxygen, and resuscitative medications. […] An acute HSR is a frightening experience. […] After the initial event, supportive care and close monitoring will be needed for several hours to ensure that symptoms do not recur. […] Recognizing high-risk patients and situations is an essential first step in reducing HSR morbidity and mortality. […] Clinical variables known to increase risk for HSRs include personal history of drug allergy, multiple allergy syndrome, presence of Epstein-Barr or HIV infection, or concurrent asthma. […] For high-risk medications, premedications with antihistamines and corticosteroids are widely used. […] An acute HSR is also an adverse drug reaction (ADR) and should be reported according to your organization’s policies. […] Enhanced reporting of ADRs will assist in defining true incidences of drug reactions. […] Readily available emergency supplies and medications can minimize the adverse outcomes of severe HSRs.

• #34 Effective Management of Severe Drug Allergy Rashes

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/managing-severe-drug-allergy-rashes

  In severe cases like an anaphylactic reaction, quick and decisive action is crucial. Epinephrine is the primary treatment for this life-threatening allergic reaction. […] Patients with a severe drug allergy rash need to have their vital signs and symptoms monitored regularly. Continuous care monitoring allows health professionals to quickly respond to anaphylactic reactions and severe symptoms. […] Managing drug allergy rashes involves taking steps to prevent future reactions. For those with severe allergies, it’s vital to avoid triggers. […] Creating an allergy action plan is essential for people who might experience anaphylactic reactions. […] For those dealing with severe drug allergy rash, ongoing check-ups with an allergy specialist are essential. […] Regular contact with a healthcare provider is crucial for keeping an emergency action plan current, which can include methods to avoid triggers and instructions for immediate care.

• #35 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  Finally, PREPARE for emergency treatment, including the potential need to administer IV fluids, oxygen, and resuscitative medications. […] An acute HSR is a frightening experience. […] After the initial event, supportive care and close monitoring will be needed for several hours to ensure that symptoms do not recur. […] Recognizing high-risk patients and situations is an essential first step in reducing HSR morbidity and mortality. […] Clinical variables known to increase risk for HSRs include personal history of drug allergy, multiple allergy syndrome, presence of Epstein-Barr or HIV infection, or concurrent asthma. […] For high-risk medications, premedications with antihistamines and corticosteroids are widely used. […] An acute HSR is also an adverse drug reaction (ADR) and should be reported according to your organization’s policies. […] Enhanced reporting of ADRs will assist in defining true incidences of drug reactions. […] Readily available emergency supplies and medications can minimize the adverse outcomes of severe HSRs.

• #36 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  Nursing interventions for the patient are: Monitor clients airway. Assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway. […] Monitor the oxygenation status. Monitor oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas values. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Client maintained an effective breathing pattern. […] Client and significant others verbalized understanding of allergic reaction, its prevention, and management. […] Upon discharge, the patient and family need to learn about the following: Emergency medications. The nurse should provide information about emergency medications and plans that should be considered should a crisis reoccur. […] The focus of documentation include: Assessment findings including respiratory rate, character of breath sounds; frequency, amount, and appearance of secretions; presence of cyanosis; laboratory findings; and mentation level.

• #37 Drug allergy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371839

  An accurate diagnosis is essential. […] A healthcare professional typically does a physical exam and asks you questions. […] Your health professional may order more tests or refer you to an allergy specialist, called an allergist, for tests. […] A positive result suggests that you may have a drug allergy. […] A negative result isn’t as clear-cut. […] After looking at your symptoms and test results, a healthcare professional can usually reach one of the following conclusions: You have a drug allergy. […] Treatments for a drug allergy can be divided into two general strategies: Treatment for present allergy symptoms. […] Stopping the medicine. If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment.

• #38 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  Ask about related drugs that you should avoid. […] Ask about alternatives to the drug that caused your allergic reaction. […] Wear an emergency medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies your allergy. […] Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening reaction that can simultaneously affect two or more organ systems (for instance, when there is both swelling and difficulty breathing, or vomiting and hives). […] If you are caring for someone who appears to be having a severe reaction to a drug, tell the emergency care team what drug was taken, when it was taken and what the dosage was. […] If your allergic reaction to a drug is not life-threatening, your allergist may give you: An antihistamine to counteract the allergic reaction. […] A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, or a corticosteroid to reduce inflammation.

• #39 Drug Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8621-medication-allergies

  Drug allergies are an allergic reaction to medications. Its when your bodys immune system overreacts to medications. Your body develops a sensitivity to one of the substances in the medication and remembers it as a harmful foreign invader, like bacteria or viruses. The next time you ingest that drug, your immune system releases antibodies to remove it from your body. […] A drug allergy can be deadly. If you or a loved one have severe drug allergy symptoms, including swelling of your tongue or throat, trouble breathing, a fast heartbeat, lightheadedness or unconsciousness, you must act quickly: Call 911 or your local emergency number. Go to your nearest emergency room (ER) as soon as possible. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend the following drug allergy treatments: Stop taking the drug. Once the drug leaves your body, your symptoms should start to fade. If youre taking the medication to treat a condition, your provider will prescribe another medicine that doesnt cause an allergic reaction. Antihistamines. Antihistamines block the effects of histamine in your body. Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that help reduce the production of chemicals that cause inflammation. Bronchodilators. Bronchodilators are a type of medication that help relieve symptoms that affect your lungs. Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). If you have severe medication allergies, your provider may prescribe this device. Epinephrine quickly reverses the symptoms of anaphylaxis. Your provider will explain when and how to use it. Allergy desensitization. During allergy desensitization, a provider gives you small amounts of medications that contain the allergen. Your immune system will eventually develop a tolerance to the allergen. Your provider will gradually increase the dosage over hours or even days until your body can accept the drug without reacting.

• #40 Drug allergy // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/drug-allergy

  A drug allergy is the reaction of the immune system to a medicine. […] The most common symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash and fever. […] A drug allergy also may cause serious reactions. This includes a severe, life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. […] If you have milder symptoms of a drug allergy, see a healthcare professional as soon as possible. […] A drug allergy happens when the immune system mistakenly identifies a medicine as a harmful substance, such as a virus or bacterium. […] The next time you take the medicine, these specific antibodies flag the medicine and direct immune system attacks on the substance. […] If a healthcare professional determines that you have a drug allergy or likely allergy stopping the medicine is the first step in treatment. […] Anaphylaxis requires an immediate epinephrine shot. Hospital care also is needed to maintain blood pressure and support breathing.

• #41 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. […] Coexisting asthma, mast cell disorders, older age, underlying cardiovascular disease, peanut and tree nut allergy, and drug-induced reactions are associated with severe or fatal anaphylactic reactions. […] Following an anaphylactic reaction, management should focus on developing an emergency action plan, referral to an allergist, and patient education on avoidance of triggers and appropriate use of an epinephrine auto-injector. […] The mainstay of treatment of acute IgE-mediated or nonimmune anaphylaxis is epinephrine. […] Delayed or lack of epinephrine use continues to be a problem despite current guidelines emphasizing the importance of early administration.

• #42 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Antihistamines and corticosteroids are not effective first-line treatments for anaphylaxis. Guidelines recommend that antihistamines and corticosteroids be used only as an adjunct to epinephrine. […] All patients at risk of anaphylaxis should be provided with an action plan instructing them on how to manage an episode of anaphylaxis, including the proper administration of epinephrine. […] Referral to an allergist is appropriate if a clinician feels inadequately trained to provide education or if the patient presents after the reaction and the offending agent cannot be confirmed.

• #43 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Antihistamines and corticosteroids are not effective first-line treatments for anaphylaxis. Guidelines recommend that antihistamines and corticosteroids be used only as an adjunct to epinephrine. […] All patients at risk of anaphylaxis should be provided with an action plan instructing them on how to manage an episode of anaphylaxis, including the proper administration of epinephrine. […] Referral to an allergist is appropriate if a clinician feels inadequately trained to provide education or if the patient presents after the reaction and the offending agent cannot be confirmed.

• #44 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  Nursing interventions for the patient are: Monitor clients airway. Assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway. […] Monitor the oxygenation status. Monitor oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas values. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Client maintained an effective breathing pattern. […] Client and significant others verbalized understanding of allergic reaction, its prevention, and management. […] Upon discharge, the patient and family need to learn about the following: Emergency medications. The nurse should provide information about emergency medications and plans that should be considered should a crisis reoccur. […] The focus of documentation include: Assessment findings including respiratory rate, character of breath sounds; frequency, amount, and appearance of secretions; presence of cyanosis; laboratory findings; and mentation level.

• #45 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/anaphylaxis/?srsltid=AfmBOopnBF2OblV3oQPZ0A6sj25TQq7CY1X4O_PrHpvbOiVs3EKBCU2z

  If an individual stops breathing or their heart stops beating during an anaphylactic attack, they require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). […] Because anaphylaxis is a medical emergency, it is essential first to assess and stabilize the individuals. […] If the individual is unstable, activate the emergency response system. […] Monitor vital signs, respiratory status, and signs and symptoms of complications. […] Educate the individual and/or caregiver regarding avoidance of allergens and how to use an EpiPen. […] The individual and/or caregivers will verbalize understanding of an allergic reaction, prevention, and management of anaphylaxis. […] Instruct caregivers about anaphylaxis, its diagnosis, and treatment. […] Always keep an epinephrine injector on hand. […] Discuss referral to an allergist.

• #46 Drug Allergy: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.drug-allergy-care-instructions.uf7209

  Go to the emergency room every time you have a severe reaction. Go even if you have used your epinephrine medicine and are feeling better. Symptoms can come back after taking the medicine. […] Be sure that anyone treating you for any health problem knows that you are allergic to this medicine. […] Use an epinephrine medicine, such as an epinephrine shot or nasal spray, if you think you are having a severe allergic reaction. […] Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if you have symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you do not get better as expected.

• #47

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7209

  Go to the emergency room every time you have a severe reaction. Go even if you have used your shot of epinephrine and are feeling better. Symptoms can come back after a shot. […] Be safe with medicines. If you were given a medicine for your allergic reaction, take it exactly as directed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Avoid medicines like the one that caused your allergy. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you think you may be taking a similar medicine. […] Wear medical alert jewellery that lists your allergies. […] Be sure that anyone treating you for any health problem knows that you are allergic to this medicine. […] Give an epinephrine shot if you think you are having a severe allergic reaction. […] After giving an epinephrine shot, call 911, even if you feel better.

• #48 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  Nursing interventions for the patient are: Monitor clients airway. Assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway. […] Monitor the oxygenation status. Monitor oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas values. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Client maintained an effective breathing pattern. […] Client and significant others verbalized understanding of allergic reaction, its prevention, and management. […] Upon discharge, the patient and family need to learn about the following: Emergency medications. The nurse should provide information about emergency medications and plans that should be considered should a crisis reoccur. […] The focus of documentation include: Assessment findings including respiratory rate, character of breath sounds; frequency, amount, and appearance of secretions; presence of cyanosis; laboratory findings; and mentation level.

• #49 Drug allergies: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000819.htm

  Drug allergies are a group of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction to a drug (medicine). […] A drug allergy involves an immune response in the body that produces an allergic reaction to a medicine. […] Most drug allergies cause minor skin rashes and hives. These symptoms may occur right away or hours after receiving the drug. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent a severe reaction. […] Treatment may include: Antihistamines to relieve mild symptoms such as rash, hives, and itching. […] The offending medicine and similar drugs should be avoided. Make sure all your providers — including dentists and hospital staff — know about any drug allergies that you or your children have. […] Most drug allergies respond to treatment. But sometimes, they can lead to severe asthma, anaphylaxis, or death. […] Contact your provider if you are taking a medicine and seem to be having a reaction to it. […] There is generally no way to prevent a drug allergy. […] If you have a known drug allergy, avoiding the drug is the best way to prevent an allergic reaction.

• #50 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If you develop a rash, hives or difficulty breathing after taking certain medications, you may have a drug allergy. […] People with drug allergies may experience symptoms regardless of whether their medicine comes in liquid, pill or injectable form. If you feel confused about your symptoms and which medications are safe for you to take then it’s time to take control and see an allergist. […] Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or multiple symptoms occur together (anaphylaxis). […] Make sure that all of your health care providers, including your pharmacist, are aware of your allergy. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, wear a medical alert bracelet that lists your trigger. […] If you have a drug allergy: Make sure all of your doctors are aware of your allergy and the symptoms you experienced.

• #51 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If there is no suitable alternative to the antibiotic that you are allergic to, you will need to undergo drug desensitization. […] Desensitization can help only if you are taking the drug every day. […] If you experience any of these more severe symptoms, immediately use your epinephrine auto-injector and call 911.

• #52 Drug Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8621-medication-allergies

  Drug allergies are an allergic reaction to medications. Its when your bodys immune system overreacts to medications. Your body develops a sensitivity to one of the substances in the medication and remembers it as a harmful foreign invader, like bacteria or viruses. The next time you ingest that drug, your immune system releases antibodies to remove it from your body. […] A drug allergy can be deadly. If you or a loved one have severe drug allergy symptoms, including swelling of your tongue or throat, trouble breathing, a fast heartbeat, lightheadedness or unconsciousness, you must act quickly: Call 911 or your local emergency number. Go to your nearest emergency room (ER) as soon as possible. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend the following drug allergy treatments: Stop taking the drug. Once the drug leaves your body, your symptoms should start to fade. If youre taking the medication to treat a condition, your provider will prescribe another medicine that doesnt cause an allergic reaction. Antihistamines. Antihistamines block the effects of histamine in your body. Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that help reduce the production of chemicals that cause inflammation. Bronchodilators. Bronchodilators are a type of medication that help relieve symptoms that affect your lungs. Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). If you have severe medication allergies, your provider may prescribe this device. Epinephrine quickly reverses the symptoms of anaphylaxis. Your provider will explain when and how to use it. Allergy desensitization. During allergy desensitization, a provider gives you small amounts of medications that contain the allergen. Your immune system will eventually develop a tolerance to the allergen. Your provider will gradually increase the dosage over hours or even days until your body can accept the drug without reacting.

• #53 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If there is no suitable alternative to the antibiotic that you are allergic to, you will need to undergo drug desensitization. […] Desensitization can help only if you are taking the drug every day. […] If you experience any of these more severe symptoms, immediately use your epinephrine auto-injector and call 911.

• #54

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=bz1117

  A drug allergy occurs when the immune system overreacts to something in a medicine. This causes an allergic reaction. Your child may have: […] A reaction can range from mild to deadly. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if your child is having problems. […] Know the signs of a severe allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis). […] Your doctor may prescribe a shot of epinephrine (sometimes called an Epi-pen) to carry in case your child has a severe reaction. […] Go to the emergency room every time your child has a severe reaction. […] If your child was given a medicine for an allergic reaction, give it exactly as directed. […] Avoid giving your child medicines like the one that caused the allergy.

• #55

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=bz1117

  Have your child wear medical alert jewellery that lists their allergies and anaphylaxis reaction. […] Be sure that anyone treating your child for any health problem knows that your child is allergic to this medicine. […] Give an epinephrine shot if: […] After giving an epinephrine shot, call 911 even if your child feels better. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if:

• #56 Effective Management of Severe Drug Allergy Rashes

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/managing-severe-drug-allergy-rashes

  Managing severe allergies in children often requires the regular use of preventive medication, especially for those who are at risk of anaphylactic reactions. […] Cross-reactivity, a term used in the context of adverse drug reactions, explains a situation where someone allergic to one medication might also have an allergic reaction to another, different drug. […] Clear communication with healthcare providers is important for managing a medical condition such as a drug allergy rash. […] Understanding medication labels is essential for managing severe cases of drug allergy rash.

• #57 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If you develop a rash, hives or difficulty breathing after taking certain medications, you may have a drug allergy. […] People with drug allergies may experience symptoms regardless of whether their medicine comes in liquid, pill or injectable form. If you feel confused about your symptoms and which medications are safe for you to take then it’s time to take control and see an allergist. […] Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or multiple symptoms occur together (anaphylaxis). […] Make sure that all of your health care providers, including your pharmacist, are aware of your allergy. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, wear a medical alert bracelet that lists your trigger. […] If you have a drug allergy: Make sure all of your doctors are aware of your allergy and the symptoms you experienced.

• #58 Drug Allergy | Allergy UK | National Charity

  https://www.allergyuk.org/types-of-allergies/drug-allergy/

  Drug allergy signs and symptoms may include: Rashes, Itching, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea (or occasionally constipation), Lethargy, Headaches, Blurred vision. […] Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening reaction to a drug allergy that causes the widespread dysfunction of body systems. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Tightening of the airways and throat, causing trouble breathing, Nausea or abdominal cramps, Vomiting or diarrhea, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Weak, rapid pulse, Drop in blood pressure, Seizure, Loss of consciousness. […] If you are allergic to a drug, it is important to make sure everyone knows. Health services are sometimes not very good at communicating this information or sharing it with other services or even looking at it when it is recorded. Here are 5 top tips to help you: Always ask whether the allergy has been recorded in your notes. Volunteer the information to everyone who is involved in your care, even if they don’t ask. Make sure you are given an allergy bracelet when you are in hospital. If your allergy is severe, consider wearing your own allergy bracelet. If you are given drugs to take at home, always read the label and information leaflet very carefully.

• #59 I gave an IV medication that the patient is allergic to – Patient Medications

  https://allnurses.com/i-gave-iv-medication-patient-t687599/

  I gave a patient a medication she is allergic to. […] I told her to monitor the patient for the first signs of allergic reaction. […] I will be making an incident report about this, I am worried about the patient and hoping she will be alright. […] If a patient lists something as an allergy, it’s your responsibility to not give that med, even if 90% OF THE TIME IT ISN’T A TRUE ALLERGY BUT MORESO A SYMPTOM OR ADVERSE EFFECT THAT MADE THE PATIENT SIMPLY UNCOMFORTABLE. […] Nurses make mistakes, we are human. You’ll learn from it and likely not do it again. […] You do a disservice to your patient and to other nurses when you aren’t forthcoming in your med errors.

• #60 Penicillin Allergy – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/penicillin-allergy.htm

  Penicillin allergy is often overreported, with the majority of patients who report penicillin allergy able to tolerate the medication. […] Patients often are incorrectly labeled as allergic to penicillin and are therefore denied the benefit of a -lactam therapy. The presence of a penicillin allergy label considerably reduces prescribing options for affected patients. […] For persons who have a positive skin test reactive to penicillin (either to the major or minor determinants), treatment with a -lactam antibiotic is not usually advised, and other effective antimicrobials should be used. […] Desensitization is required for persons who have a documented penicillin allergy and for whom no therapeutic alternatives exist (e.g., syphilis during pregnancy and persons with neurosyphilis). […] Patients who have a positive skin test should not receive -lactam drugs in the ambulatory setting and should be referred to an allergist or penicillin allergy expert for further evaluation.

• #61 Penicillin Allergy – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/penicillin-allergy.htm

  Penicillin allergy is often overreported, with the majority of patients who report penicillin allergy able to tolerate the medication. […] Patients often are incorrectly labeled as allergic to penicillin and are therefore denied the benefit of a -lactam therapy. The presence of a penicillin allergy label considerably reduces prescribing options for affected patients. […] For persons who have a positive skin test reactive to penicillin (either to the major or minor determinants), treatment with a -lactam antibiotic is not usually advised, and other effective antimicrobials should be used. […] Desensitization is required for persons who have a documented penicillin allergy and for whom no therapeutic alternatives exist (e.g., syphilis during pregnancy and persons with neurosyphilis). […] Patients who have a positive skin test should not receive -lactam drugs in the ambulatory setting and should be referred to an allergist or penicillin allergy expert for further evaluation.

• #62 How to handle certain patient „allergies” – New Nurses, First Year

  https://allnurses.com/how-handle-certain-patient-quot-t499662/

  I know some facilities have taken to differentiating intolerable adverse effect vs. allergic reaction. […] On our EMR, we list anything that the pt claims to have as an „allergy.” There is then a spot for their reaction (anaphylaxis, hives, nausea, etc.)–even if it does not qualify as a true allergy.

• #63 Effective Management of Severe Drug Allergy Rashes

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/managing-severe-drug-allergy-rashes

  Managing severe allergies in children often requires the regular use of preventive medication, especially for those who are at risk of anaphylactic reactions. […] Cross-reactivity, a term used in the context of adverse drug reactions, explains a situation where someone allergic to one medication might also have an allergic reaction to another, different drug. […] Clear communication with healthcare providers is important for managing a medical condition such as a drug allergy rash. […] Understanding medication labels is essential for managing severe cases of drug allergy rash.

• #64 Drug allergy | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-018-0289-y

  The mainstay of treatment for drug allergy is avoidance of the offending drug. When available, alternative medications with unrelated chemical structures should be substituted. Cross-reactivity among drugs should be taken into consideration when choosing alternative medications. If a particular drug to which the patient is allergic is indicated and there is no suitable alternative, induction of drug tolerance procedures may be considered to induce temporary tolerance to the drug.

• #65 Effective Management of Severe Drug Allergy Rashes

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/managing-severe-drug-allergy-rashes

  Managing severe allergies in children often requires the regular use of preventive medication, especially for those who are at risk of anaphylactic reactions. […] Cross-reactivity, a term used in the context of adverse drug reactions, explains a situation where someone allergic to one medication might also have an allergic reaction to another, different drug. […] Clear communication with healthcare providers is important for managing a medical condition such as a drug allergy rash. […] Understanding medication labels is essential for managing severe cases of drug allergy rash.

• #66 Providing information and support to patients – Drug Allergy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274145/

  The group agreed that a dialogue between the healthcare professional and the patient who has had a suspected or confirmed allergic reaction, or their carer, is important to ensure that opportunities are given to ask questions and to provide reassurance as well as practical advice. […] Recommendations on checking to ensure that patients have the necessary knowledge, and on giving patients the responsibility to carry and share their drug allergy information are intended to minimise patients’ fear, enhance communication between patients, clinicians and pharmacists, and enable the patient to better manage their confirmed or suspected drug allergy.

• #67 Providing information and support to patients – Drug Allergy – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274145/

  The group agreed that a dialogue between the healthcare professional and the patient who has had a suspected or confirmed allergic reaction, or their carer, is important to ensure that opportunities are given to ask questions and to provide reassurance as well as practical advice. […] Recommendations on checking to ensure that patients have the necessary knowledge, and on giving patients the responsibility to carry and share their drug allergy information are intended to minimise patients’ fear, enhance communication between patients, clinicians and pharmacists, and enable the patient to better manage their confirmed or suspected drug allergy.

• #68 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  The nurse has an important role in preventing anaphylactic shock. […] The nurse must assess all patients for allergies or previous reactions to antigens. […] The nurse must also assess the patients understanding of previous reactions and steps taken by the patient and the family to prevent further exposure to antigens. […] When new allergies are identified, the nurse advises the patient to wear or carry identification that names the specific allergen or antigen. […] Based on the assessment data, the nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient are: Impaired gas exchange related to ventilation perfusion imbalance. […] The major goals for a patient with anaphylactic shock are: Client will maintain an effective breathing pattern, as evidenced by relaxed breathing at normal rate and depth and absence of adventitious breath sounds.

• #69 Anaphylactic Shock Nursing Care Management and Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/anaphylactic-shock/

  Nursing interventions for the patient are: Monitor clients airway. Assess the client for the sensation of a narrowed airway. […] Monitor the oxygenation status. Monitor oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas values. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Client maintained an effective breathing pattern. […] Client and significant others verbalized understanding of allergic reaction, its prevention, and management. […] Upon discharge, the patient and family need to learn about the following: Emergency medications. The nurse should provide information about emergency medications and plans that should be considered should a crisis reoccur. […] The focus of documentation include: Assessment findings including respiratory rate, character of breath sounds; frequency, amount, and appearance of secretions; presence of cyanosis; laboratory findings; and mentation level.

• #70 Anaphylaxis: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/anaphylaxis/?srsltid=AfmBOopnBF2OblV3oQPZ0A6sj25TQq7CY1X4O_PrHpvbOiVs3EKBCU2z

  If an individual stops breathing or their heart stops beating during an anaphylactic attack, they require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). […] Because anaphylaxis is a medical emergency, it is essential first to assess and stabilize the individuals. […] If the individual is unstable, activate the emergency response system. […] Monitor vital signs, respiratory status, and signs and symptoms of complications. […] Educate the individual and/or caregiver regarding avoidance of allergens and how to use an EpiPen. […] The individual and/or caregivers will verbalize understanding of an allergic reaction, prevention, and management of anaphylaxis. […] Instruct caregivers about anaphylaxis, its diagnosis, and treatment. […] Always keep an epinephrine injector on hand. […] Discuss referral to an allergist.

• #71 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If you develop a rash, hives or difficulty breathing after taking certain medications, you may have a drug allergy. […] People with drug allergies may experience symptoms regardless of whether their medicine comes in liquid, pill or injectable form. If you feel confused about your symptoms and which medications are safe for you to take then it’s time to take control and see an allergist. […] Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or multiple symptoms occur together (anaphylaxis). […] Make sure that all of your health care providers, including your pharmacist, are aware of your allergy. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, wear a medical alert bracelet that lists your trigger. […] If you have a drug allergy: Make sure all of your doctors are aware of your allergy and the symptoms you experienced.

• #72 Drug Allergies | Reactions, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/drug-allergies/

  If you develop a rash, hives or difficulty breathing after taking certain medications, you may have a drug allergy. […] People with drug allergies may experience symptoms regardless of whether their medicine comes in liquid, pill or injectable form. If you feel confused about your symptoms and which medications are safe for you to take then it’s time to take control and see an allergist. […] Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen or multiple symptoms occur together (anaphylaxis). […] Make sure that all of your health care providers, including your pharmacist, are aware of your allergy. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, wear a medical alert bracelet that lists your trigger. […] If you have a drug allergy: Make sure all of your doctors are aware of your allergy and the symptoms you experienced.

• #73 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  An acute hypersensitivity reaction is a rare but serious complication of exposure to foods, natural-rubber latex, medications, and other antigens. […] Nurses and nurse practitioners must recognize HSR risk factors, read early signs and symptoms, and intervene to protect the patient from further harm. […] Oncology nurses are particularly likely to witness HSRs from antimicrobials, biological and chemotherapeutic agents. […] All chemotherapy has the potential to cause an HSR. […] If you suspect your patient is experiencing early symptoms of an acute HSR, don’t hesitate to implement your emergency interventions. […] STOP the infusion but maintain IV access. […] CALL the provider. […] ASSESS your patient further: collect vital signs, use a pulse oximeter to obtain oxygen saturation, listen to breath sounds, and check for symptom progression.

• #74 Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: What Nurses Need to Know – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

  https://nursing.jhu.edu/magazine/articles/2011/04/acute-hypersensitivity-reactions-what-nurses-need-to-know/

  Finally, PREPARE for emergency treatment, including the potential need to administer IV fluids, oxygen, and resuscitative medications. […] An acute HSR is a frightening experience. […] After the initial event, supportive care and close monitoring will be needed for several hours to ensure that symptoms do not recur. […] Recognizing high-risk patients and situations is an essential first step in reducing HSR morbidity and mortality. […] Clinical variables known to increase risk for HSRs include personal history of drug allergy, multiple allergy syndrome, presence of Epstein-Barr or HIV infection, or concurrent asthma. […] For high-risk medications, premedications with antihistamines and corticosteroids are widely used. […] An acute HSR is also an adverse drug reaction (ADR) and should be reported according to your organization’s policies. […] Enhanced reporting of ADRs will assist in defining true incidences of drug reactions. […] Readily available emergency supplies and medications can minimize the adverse outcomes of severe HSRs.

• #75 A Nurse’s Guide to Treating Anaphylaxis

  https://nursingcecentral.com/anaphylaxis/

  Anaphylaxis is a rapid, life-threatening allergic reaction caused by a type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, affecting 20,000-50,000 people in the US annually. […] Recognizing the signs and symptoms, understanding the causes, and administering prompt treatment are crucial to managing this life-threatening condition. […] Symptoms usually begin within 5 to 30 minutes. Moreover, ask the patients family members about a family history of drug allergies or previous reactions. […] The nursing processes for anaphylaxis are: […] The most important responsibility is to ensure the adequacy of the airway, breathing, and circulation for the patient. […] If the patient got an anaphylaxis reaction, you need to give the following information to the patient and his caregivers: […] Nurses play a vital role in recognizing symptoms, administering appropriate treatment, and educating patients and their families on prevention and management strategies.

• #76 Drug allergies: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000819.htm

  Drug allergies are a group of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction to a drug (medicine). […] A drug allergy involves an immune response in the body that produces an allergic reaction to a medicine. […] Most drug allergies cause minor skin rashes and hives. These symptoms may occur right away or hours after receiving the drug. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent a severe reaction. […] Treatment may include: Antihistamines to relieve mild symptoms such as rash, hives, and itching. […] The offending medicine and similar drugs should be avoided. Make sure all your providers — including dentists and hospital staff — know about any drug allergies that you or your children have. […] Most drug allergies respond to treatment. But sometimes, they can lead to severe asthma, anaphylaxis, or death. […] Contact your provider if you are taking a medicine and seem to be having a reaction to it. […] There is generally no way to prevent a drug allergy. […] If you have a known drug allergy, avoiding the drug is the best way to prevent an allergic reaction.

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