Złamana noga – Etiologia i przyczyny

Złamana noga
Etiologia i przyczyny

Złamania kości nogi, obejmujące kość udową, piszczelową i strzałkową, powstają głównie w wyniku urazów o dużej sile, takich jak wypadki komunikacyjne, upadki z wysokości oraz urazy sportowe. Istotne są także złamania zmęczeniowe, wynikające z powtarzającego się obciążenia, szczególnie u sportowców biegających na długich dystansach, oraz złamania patologiczne, które pojawiają się w przebiegu osteoporozy, nowotworów kości, torbieli kostnych i chorób systemowych (np. cukrzyca, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów). Czynniki ryzyka obejmują wiek, płeć (kobiety po menopauzie), nadużywanie alkoholu (>3 drinki/dzień), palenie tytoniu, przewlekłe stosowanie kortykosteroidów oraz niedobory żywieniowe (wapń, witamina D). U dzieci złamania często wynikają z urazów sportowych, upadków oraz przemocy, a uszkodzenia płytek wzrostowych mogą prowadzić do trwałych deformacji.

Etiologia złamanej nogi – przyczyny i mechanizmy powstawania

Urazowe przyczyny złamań nogi
Złamania zmęczeniowe (przeciążeniowe)
Patologiczne przyczyny złamań
Czynniki ryzyka złamań nogi
Złamania nogi u dzieci
Konsekwencje i powikłania złamań nogi
Kolejne rozdziały

Etiologia złamanej nogi – przyczyny i mechanizmy powstawania

Złamana noga (złamanie kości nogi) to pęknięcie lub złamanie jednej lub więcej kości w nodze. Ze względu na znaczną wytrzymałość kości nogi, do ich złamania zazwyczaj potrzebna jest duża siła lub powtarzający się nacisk. Mechanizmy patofizjologiczne prowadzące do złamania nogi są zróżnicowane i zależą od rodzaju urazu oraz indywidualnych czynników ryzyka u pacjenta.¹²³

Urazowe przyczyny złamań nogi

Zdecydowana większość złamań kości nogi powstaje w wyniku urazów. Do najczęstszych przyczyn urazowych należą:⁴⁵⁶

Wypadki komunikacyjne – mogą prowadzić do złamania wszystkich trzech kości nogi (kość udowa, piszczelowa i strzałkowa). Złamania często powstają, gdy kolana uderzają o deskę rozdzielczą podczas kolizji lub gdy elementy pojazdu uderzają w nogi poszkodowanego.
Upadki – prosty upadek może spowodować złamanie jednej lub obu kości podudzia. Do złamania kości udowej (która jest najsilniejszą kością w ciele) zwykle potrzebny jest upadek z większej wysokości lub znacznie silniejszy uraz.
Urazy sportowe – przekroczenie naturalnych granic ruchomości stawów podczas uprawiania sportów kontaktowych może doprowadzić do złamania nogi. Podobnie uraz może powstać w wyniku upadku lub bezpośredniego uderzenia, np. kijem hokejowym lub przez ciało przeciwnika.

⁷⁸⁹

Złamania zmęczeniowe (przeciążeniowe)

Złamania zmęczeniowe (stresowe) to drobne pęknięcia rozwijające się w kościach nośnych ciała, w tym kości piszczelowej. Te typy złamań mają odmienny mechanizm powstawania w porównaniu do złamań urazowych:¹⁰¹¹

Powtarzające się obciążenia – najczęstszą przyczyną jest siła powtarzalnego obciążenia lub nadmierne użycie kości, na przykład podczas biegania na długich dystansach lub intensywnych treningów sportowych.
Nagłe zwiększenie aktywności fizycznej – osoby, które nagle zwiększają poziom aktywności fizycznej, są bardziej narażone na złamania przeciążeniowe.
Sporty o wysokim obciążeniu – biegacze, tancerze, gimnastycy i inni sportowcy narażeni są szczególnie na ten typ złamań z powodu znacznego obciążenia kości nóg.

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Patologiczne przyczyny złamań

Złamania patologiczne występują, gdy kości są osłabione przez choroby lub stany patologiczne, co powoduje, że nawet niewielka siła może doprowadzić do ich złamania:¹⁵¹⁶

Osteoporoza – stan, w którym kości stają się cieńsze i słabsze, zwiększając ryzyko złamań nawet przy niewielkim urazie. Osteoporoza jest szczególnie istotnym czynnikiem ryzyka u osób starszych i kobiet po menopauzie z powodu utraty estrogenów, która może osłabiać kości.
Nowotwory kości – zarówno pierwotne nowotwory kości, jak i przerzuty z innych miejsc mogą osłabiać strukturę kości, zwiększając ryzyko złamań patologicznych.
Torbiele kostne – mogą osłabiać strukturę kości, czyniąc je bardziej podatnymi na złamania.
Choroby systemowe – cukrzyca, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, nieswoiste zapalenia jelit czy celiakia mogą zwiększać ryzyko złamań.

¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹

Czynniki ryzyka złamań nogi

Istnieje wiele czynników, które mogą zwiększać ryzyko złamania kości nogi:²⁰²¹

Wiek – wraz z wiekiem kości stają się słabsze, co zwiększa ryzyko złamań. U osób starszych prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju schorzeń osłabiających kości jest również większe.
Płeć – kobiety są bardziej narażone na złamania związane z osteoporozą, szczególnie po menopauzie.
Nadużywanie alkoholu – spożywanie więcej niż trzech drinków dziennie może osłabiać kości.
Palenie tytoniu – palenie może zmniejszać gęstość mineralną kości.
Leki – niektóre leki, takie jak kortykosteroidy stosowane przewlekle czy leki chemioterapeutyczne, mogą osłabiać kości.
Nieodpowiednie odżywianie – dieta uboga w wapń, niedobór witaminy D oraz otyłość mogą zwiększać ryzyko złamań, szczególnie u dzieci.

²²²³

Złamania nogi u dzieci

Złamania kości nogi u dzieci mają pewne specyficzne cechy i przyczyny:²⁴²⁵

Urazy podczas aktywności sportowych – nagłe skręcenie gdy noga jest sztywna lub ustabilizowana, co jest częste w piłce nożnej, hokeju i koszykówce.
Upadki podczas jazdy na łyżwach, nartach lub snowboardzie – szczególnie gdy stopa jest zabezpieczona w bucie, złamanie często występuje powyżej buta.
Upadki na trampolinie lub konstrukcjach placu zabaw – są częstą przyczyną złamań u dzieci.
Przemoc wobec dzieci – u dzieci, które jeszcze nie chodzą, złamanie nogi może być wynikiem przemocy, co powinno budzić podejrzenie i wymaga wnikliwej oceny klinicznej.

²⁶²⁷

Warto również zaznaczyć, że płytki wzrostowe u dzieci mogą nie goić się prawidłowo bez odpowiedniego leczenia, co może prowadzić do nieprawidłowo ukształtowanych lub krótszych kości w dorosłym życiu.²⁸

Konsekwencje i powikłania złamań nogi

Złamania kości nogi mogą prowadzić do różnych powikłań, szczególnie jeśli nie są odpowiednio leczone:²⁹³⁰

Ostry zespół przedziałów powięziowych (ACS) – nagromadzenie ciśnienia w mięśniach może uniemożliwić dopływ krwi do tkanek, co może spowodować trwałe uszkodzenie mięśni i nerwów.
Nieprawidłowe zrośnięcie (malunion) – występuje, gdy części złamanej kości nie zrastają się prawidłowo podczas gojenia, co może prowadzić do deformacji i zaburzeń funkcji.
Brak zrostu (nonunion) – kość może nie zrosnąć się w pełni lub wcale, co wymaga dodatkowego leczenia.
Zapalenie stawów pourazowe – nawet niewielkie przemieszczenie (2 mm) w stawie skokowym może prowadzić do rozwoju zapalenia stawów w przyszłości.
Infekcje kości – szczególnie w przypadku złamań otwartych, gdzie kość jest narażona na kontakt z bakteriami.

³¹³²

Złamanie kości nogi to poważny uraz, który może powstać na skutek różnorodnych przyczyn – od urazów i wypadków po stany chorobowe osłabiające kości. Zrozumienie mechanizmów prowadzących do złamania oraz czynników ryzyka jest kluczowe dla właściwej profilaktyki i leczenia. Odpowiednio wczesne rozpoznanie i leczenie złamań nogi ma fundamentalne znaczenie dla zapobiegania długoterminowym powikłaniom i zapewnienia optymalnych wyników funkcjonalnych.³³³⁴

Kolejne rozdziały

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Broken Leg: Pictures, Causes, Treatment, Surgery & Recovery Time
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/broken_leg/article_em.htm
The lower extremity, or the leg, contains four bones (the femur, the patella, the tibia, and the fibula) and bends at the hip, the knee, and the ankle. These bones may break (fracture) into two or more pieces. […] It usually takes quite a bit of force to break the bones of the leg. Bones that have been weakened somehow can be broken more easily. If the amount of force put on a bone is greater than the amount it can handle, the bone will break. […] A leg can be broken through trauma, where there has been a large force or injury (for example, a car, motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle accident, skiing injuries, and falls from heights). […] Injury can cause a bone to break if the bones have been weakened by disease such as cancer or other tumors, bone cysts, or osteoporosis. […] Sometimes, repetitive overuse of the leg, such as the movements in distance running, can result in a stress fracture.
#2 Broken leg | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/broken-leg?content_id=CON-20370395
A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A broken leg can be caused by: […] Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. […] Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. […] Sports injuries. Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. So can a fall or a direct blow such as from a hockey stick or an opponent’s body. […] Child abuse. In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk.
#3 Broken Leg: Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery Time
https://www.healthline.com/health/broken-leg
A broken leg is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Its also referred to as a leg fracture. […] The three most common causes of a broken leg are: […] Trauma. A leg break could be the result of a fall, a vehicle accident, or an impact while playing sports. […] Overuse. Repetitive force or overuse can result in stress fractures. […] Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition in which the body is losing too much bone or making too little bone. This results in weak bones that are more likely to break.
#4 Broken Leg: Symptoms & Recovery
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/broken-leg
A broken leg is a fracture in any of the three bones in your leg. Providers sometimes call it a fractured leg. Your leg bones are strong, so it usually takes severe trauma to break them. […] Severe traumas (like a car accident or falling off a roof) can break all three of your leg bones at the same time. Its also common to break your tibia and fibula during the same injury. […] Traumas almost always cause broken legs. The most common causes include: Falls (especially falls from high up, like off a ladder or roof). Car accidents. Sports injuries. […] People with osteoporosis or osteopenia are much more likely to experience bone fractures, especially from falls. Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them more susceptible to sudden and unexpected fractures. […] Some fractured legs require surgery broken femurs almost always do.
#5 Leg Fractures | Diagnosing & Treating a Broken Leg
https://www.ioc-ortho.com/blog/diagnosing-treating-broken-leg.html
Leg fractures, or a broken leg, can arise from various factors. Here are three main causes: […] Trauma: This is the most common cause, encompassing falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, or direct blows to the leg. The force from such impacts can fracture the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), or fibula (smaller bone next to the shinbone). […] Overuse: Repetitive stress on the leg can lead to stress fractures. These tiny cracks typically develop in the shinbone (tibia) or other bones that bear weight during activities like running or jumping. […] Osteoporosis: This condition weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures. Even a minor fall or bump can cause a broken leg in someone with osteoporosis.
#6 Broken Leg: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-leg
A broken leg is when you break one of the bones in your leg. It can happen lots of ways, like falling or getting into a car accident. […] It usually takes quite a bit of force to break bones in your leg. If your bones have been weakened somehow, they can be broken more easily. If the amount of force put on a bone is greater than the amount it can handle, the bone will break. […] Some of the ways your leg may break include: Car or motorcycle accidents. You can break the bones in your leg when your knee hits the dashboard during a car crash. Its possible to break all three of the bones in your leg when you get into an accident. Falls. Falling, especially from somewhere high, can break one or both of the bones in your lower leg, but falling usually wont break your thighbone (femur). Overuse. Its possible to get stress fractures — tiny cracks in your bones — when you put pressure on them often, like with long-distance running. Stress fractures can also happen with activities like ballet and basketball. Sports injuries. Getting hit during contact sports, like martial arts or football, can cause broken bones, too. So can hyperextending your leg. […] An injury can also cause a bone to break if your bones are weakened by diseases or conditions, including: Bone cysts, Cancer, Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Tumors.
#7 Broken leg | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/broken-leg?content_id=CON-20370395
A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A broken leg can be caused by: […] Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. […] Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. […] Sports injuries. Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. So can a fall or a direct blow such as from a hockey stick or an opponent’s body. […] Child abuse. In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk.
#8 Broken leg | UM Health-Sparrow
https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg can be caused by: […] Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. […] All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. […] Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. […] In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk. […] Stress fractures are tiny cracks that develop in the weight-bearing bones of the body, including the shinbone. Stress fractures are usually caused by repetitive force or overuse, such as running long distances. But they can occur with regular use of a bone that’s been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.
#9
https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A broken leg can be caused by: Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. Sports injuries. Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. So can a fall or a direct blow such as from a hockey stick or an opponent’s body. Child abuse. In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk. Overuse. Stress fractures are tiny cracks that develop in the weight-bearing bones of the body, including the shinbone. Stress fractures are usually caused by repetitive force or overuse, such as running long distances. But they can occur with regular use of a bone that’s been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.
#10 Broken leg | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/broken-leg?content_id=CON-20370395
Overuse. Stress fractures are tiny cracks that develop in the weight-bearing bones of the body, including the shinbone. Stress fractures are usually caused by repetitive force or overuse, such as running long distances. But they can occur with regular use of a bone that’s been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.
#11 Broken Leg: Pictures, Causes, Treatment, Surgery & Recovery Time
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/broken_leg/article_em.htm
The lower extremity, or the leg, contains four bones (the femur, the patella, the tibia, and the fibula) and bends at the hip, the knee, and the ankle. These bones may break (fracture) into two or more pieces. […] It usually takes quite a bit of force to break the bones of the leg. Bones that have been weakened somehow can be broken more easily. If the amount of force put on a bone is greater than the amount it can handle, the bone will break. […] A leg can be broken through trauma, where there has been a large force or injury (for example, a car, motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle accident, skiing injuries, and falls from heights). […] Injury can cause a bone to break if the bones have been weakened by disease such as cancer or other tumors, bone cysts, or osteoporosis. […] Sometimes, repetitive overuse of the leg, such as the movements in distance running, can result in a stress fracture.
#12 Broken Ankle Symptoms, Causes, Pictures, Treatments, and Rehab
https://www.healthline.com/health/broken-ankle
Overuse. Repetitive force or trauma to the ankle can cause a stress fracture, which is a small crack in the bone. This type of injury is often seen in runners and other athletes. […] Trauma. Intense force to the ankle can cause crush injury and fracture. This could be caused by a heavy object falling on the foot or heavy machinery running over the ankle.
#13 Broken Leg in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital
https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg is a crack in one or more of the long bones in the upper or lower leg. A broken bone, also known as a fracture, occurs when a fall or accident puts more pressure on the bone than it can handle, causing it to break. Poor nutrition, a diet low in calcium, and obesity can increase a childs risk of fracture. […] Most broken legs are caused by a fall or significant force. When the leg is placed under too much pressure, the bone will break. Common causes include: Falls or twisting, often associated with ice skating, skiing, or snowboarding; Falls from a height, such as from a trampoline or playground structure; A direct force placed on the leg while the foot is planted in place, common in football, hockey, soccer, and basketball.
#14 Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for a Broken Foot
https://www.jefootandankle.com/blog/item/360-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-for-a-broken-foot
One out of ten broken bones is reported to be in the feet. When an object crushes, bends, or stretches the bone beyond acceptable ranges, bones break. A break in the foot is either a fracture or a straight break. […] The location of any break can tell you how the break happened. Toes, for instance, break typically as a result of something being kicked hard and with great force. Heel breaks almost always are a result of an improper landing from a tall height. Twists or sprains are the other two frequent occurrences. As with all usual breaks, they result from unexpected accident or sudden injury. As with stress fractures, breaks form as a process over time from repeated stress on already present cracks. Runners, dancers, and gymnasts are the usual athletes who receive this type of break. Stress fractures result from incredible pressure on the feet. It is no surprise these athletes bear the majority of reported fractures.
#15 Fractures: Types, causes, symptoms, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312
A bone fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Bone fractures usually result from a high force impact or stress. People with osteoporosis or bone cancer may experience a fracture with very little impact. […] Physical trauma, overuse, and health conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, are the leading causes of bone fractures. Other factors can also increase an individual’s risk of sustaining fractures. […] A person’s bones will typically weaken with age, which increases the risk of them breaking. As a person ages, the likelihood of their developing a condition that weakens the bones is also greater. […] Physical trauma, overuse, and conditions such as osteoporosis are the most common causes of fractures. Additionally, a person’s bones typically become weaker through late adulthood. This increases their risk of fracturing a bone.
#16 Broken Leg: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-leg
A broken leg is when you break one of the bones in your leg. It can happen lots of ways, like falling or getting into a car accident. […] It usually takes quite a bit of force to break bones in your leg. If your bones have been weakened somehow, they can be broken more easily. If the amount of force put on a bone is greater than the amount it can handle, the bone will break. […] Some of the ways your leg may break include: Car or motorcycle accidents. You can break the bones in your leg when your knee hits the dashboard during a car crash. Its possible to break all three of the bones in your leg when you get into an accident. Falls. Falling, especially from somewhere high, can break one or both of the bones in your lower leg, but falling usually wont break your thighbone (femur). Overuse. Its possible to get stress fractures — tiny cracks in your bones — when you put pressure on them often, like with long-distance running. Stress fractures can also happen with activities like ballet and basketball. Sports injuries. Getting hit during contact sports, like martial arts or football, can cause broken bones, too. So can hyperextending your leg. […] An injury can also cause a bone to break if your bones are weakened by diseases or conditions, including: Bone cysts, Cancer, Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Tumors.
#17 Overview of Fractures – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures
Fractures usually result from injuries or overuse. […] Trauma is the most common cause of fractures. Trauma includes: Direct force, as occurs in falls or motor vehicle crashes. […] Some disorders can weaken bone. They include: Certain infections, Bone tumors (which may be cancerous or not), including cancers that have spread (metastasized) from elsewhere in the body to the bone, Osteoporosis. […] People with one of these disorders are more likely to break a bone, even when only slight force is involved. Such fractures are called pathologic fractures.
#18 Broken Foot Symptoms, Treatment, Causes – Emergency Care Services | No Wait Open 24 HRS
https://postoaker.com/broken-foot-symptoms/
The bones that bear weight on your feet are prone to stress fractures. Running long distances, for example, can cause these tiny cracks to appear. However, they can also occur when a condition like osteoporosis has weakened a bone. […] Some health conditions can make you more susceptible to a broken foot. The most common is osteoporosis or weakened bones, but diabetes can also increase the risk of broken bones.
#19 Fractures: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments | University of Utah Health
https://healthcare.utah.edu/orthopaedics/specialties/broken-bones-fractures
A fractured bone is the same thing as a broken bone. […] The most common causes of a bone fracture include: falls, car accidents, sports injuries, and repetitive activities such as running, which can lead to stress fractures. […] Age and gender influence a persons risk of fracturing a bone. For example, with women, menopause can cause estrogen loss, which may weaken bones. […] Other risk factors that increase your risk of a bone fracture include: smoking; excessive alcohol use (more than three drinks a day); other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and celiac disease; and medications that weaken the immune system, such as chemotherapy drugs and chronic steroids. […] With a stress fracture, the bone has a crack in it due to repetitive forces. This can be difficult to see on an X-ray. […] Growth plates may not heal correctly without treatment, which will lead to abnormally shaped bones or shorter bones as an adult.
#20 Fractures: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments | University of Utah Health
https://healthcare.utah.edu/orthopaedics/specialties/broken-bones-fractures
A fractured bone is the same thing as a broken bone. […] The most common causes of a bone fracture include: falls, car accidents, sports injuries, and repetitive activities such as running, which can lead to stress fractures. […] Age and gender influence a persons risk of fracturing a bone. For example, with women, menopause can cause estrogen loss, which may weaken bones. […] Other risk factors that increase your risk of a bone fracture include: smoking; excessive alcohol use (more than three drinks a day); other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and celiac disease; and medications that weaken the immune system, such as chemotherapy drugs and chronic steroids. […] With a stress fracture, the bone has a crack in it due to repetitive forces. This can be difficult to see on an X-ray. […] Growth plates may not heal correctly without treatment, which will lead to abnormally shaped bones or shorter bones as an adult.
#21 Fractures: Types, causes, symptoms, and treatment
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312
A bone fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Bone fractures usually result from a high force impact or stress. People with osteoporosis or bone cancer may experience a fracture with very little impact. […] Physical trauma, overuse, and health conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, are the leading causes of bone fractures. Other factors can also increase an individual’s risk of sustaining fractures. […] A person’s bones will typically weaken with age, which increases the risk of them breaking. As a person ages, the likelihood of their developing a condition that weakens the bones is also greater. […] Physical trauma, overuse, and conditions such as osteoporosis are the most common causes of fractures. Additionally, a person’s bones typically become weaker through late adulthood. This increases their risk of fracturing a bone.
#22 Broken Leg in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital
https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg is a crack in one or more of the long bones in the upper or lower leg. A broken bone, also known as a fracture, occurs when a fall or accident puts more pressure on the bone than it can handle, causing it to break. Poor nutrition, a diet low in calcium, and obesity can increase a childs risk of fracture. […] Most broken legs are caused by a fall or significant force. When the leg is placed under too much pressure, the bone will break. Common causes include: Falls or twisting, often associated with ice skating, skiing, or snowboarding; Falls from a height, such as from a trampoline or playground structure; A direct force placed on the leg while the foot is planted in place, common in football, hockey, soccer, and basketball.
#23 Fractured / Broken Leg: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments – The Health Experts
https://www.thehealthexperts.co.uk/broken-fractured-bones/fractured-broken-leg/
Repetitive force and overuse this can cause stress fractures which are minute cracks that develop in your leg bones which includes your shinbone […] Osteoporosis if you suffer from this condition, it means that your bones are weakened and as such are more at risk of fracturing even when carrying out normal day-to-day tasks and chores.
#24 Broken Tibia-Fibula (Shinbone/Calf Bone) | Boston Children’s Hospital
https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/broken-tibia-fibula-shinbonecalf-bone
A broken tibia-fibula is a fracture in the lower leg that happens when a fall or blow places more pressure on the bones than they can withstand. […] Tibia-fibula fractures are usually a result of a fall or hard blow to the leg that puts too much force on the bone. Common causes include: […] Sudden twist if the leg is stiff or planted in place, which is common in football, hockey, and basketball. […] Falls while ice skating, skiing, or snowboarding when the foot is secured in a boot the fracture often occurs above the boot. […] Falls on a trampoline or playground structure.
#25 Broken Leg in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital
https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg is a crack in one or more of the long bones in the upper or lower leg. A broken bone, also known as a fracture, occurs when a fall or accident puts more pressure on the bone than it can handle, causing it to break. Poor nutrition, a diet low in calcium, and obesity can increase a childs risk of fracture. […] Most broken legs are caused by a fall or significant force. When the leg is placed under too much pressure, the bone will break. Common causes include: Falls or twisting, often associated with ice skating, skiing, or snowboarding; Falls from a height, such as from a trampoline or playground structure; A direct force placed on the leg while the foot is planted in place, common in football, hockey, soccer, and basketball.
#26 Broken leg | Beacon Health System
https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/broken-leg?content_id=CON-20370395
A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A broken leg can be caused by: […] Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. […] Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. […] Sports injuries. Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. So can a fall or a direct blow such as from a hockey stick or an opponent’s body. […] Child abuse. In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk.
#27
https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/broken-leg
A broken leg (leg fracture) is a break or crack in one of the bones in your leg. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. […] A broken leg can be caused by: Falls. A simple fall can fracture one or both lower leg bones. A much higher impact is usually needed to break the thighbone. Motor vehicle accidents. All three leg bones can break during a motor vehicle accident. Fractures can occur when your knees become jammed against the dashboard during a collision or with damage to the car hitting your legs. Sports injuries. Extending your leg beyond its natural limits during contact sports can cause a broken leg. So can a fall or a direct blow such as from a hockey stick or an opponent’s body. Child abuse. In children, a broken leg may be the result of child abuse, especially when such an injury occurs before the child can walk. Overuse. Stress fractures are tiny cracks that develop in the weight-bearing bones of the body, including the shinbone. Stress fractures are usually caused by repetitive force or overuse, such as running long distances. But they can occur with regular use of a bone that’s been weakened by a condition such as osteoporosis.
#28 Fractures: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments | University of Utah Health
https://healthcare.utah.edu/orthopaedics/specialties/broken-bones-fractures
A fractured bone is the same thing as a broken bone. […] The most common causes of a bone fracture include: falls, car accidents, sports injuries, and repetitive activities such as running, which can lead to stress fractures. […] Age and gender influence a persons risk of fracturing a bone. For example, with women, menopause can cause estrogen loss, which may weaken bones. […] Other risk factors that increase your risk of a bone fracture include: smoking; excessive alcohol use (more than three drinks a day); other medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and celiac disease; and medications that weaken the immune system, such as chemotherapy drugs and chronic steroids. […] With a stress fracture, the bone has a crack in it due to repetitive forces. This can be difficult to see on an X-ray. […] Growth plates may not heal correctly without treatment, which will lead to abnormally shaped bones or shorter bones as an adult.
#29 Broken Leg: Symptoms & Recovery
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/broken-leg
Fracture surgery complications are rare, but can include: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS): A buildup of pressure in your muscles may stop blood from getting to tissue, which can cause permanent muscle and nerve damage. Malunion: This happens when parts of a broken bone dont line up correctly while healing. Nonunion: Your bone may not grow back together fully or at all. […] Breaking a bone in your leg is a serious injury. Any trauma thats severe enough to break bones in your leg can cause other, potentially life-threatening injuries.
#30 Broken Ankle: Types of Fractures, Diagnosis & Treatments | HSS
https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_ankle-fractures.asp
Treatment is based on the alignment of the bones and the stability of the ankle joint. […] A malalignment of as little as two millimeters in the ankle joint can lead to arthritis. […] For more serious fractures in which bones or bone fragments are misaligned, surgical intervention is necessary to prevent improper healing (malunion) that would impede proper movement in the ankle and possibly lead to other complications.
#31 Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for a Broken Foot
https://www.doctorvikki.com/blog/item/743-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-for-a-broken-foot
The human foot has 26 different bones, and the foot is divided into three parts: the hindfoot, the midfoot, and the forefoot. Each section of the foot is composed of a different amount of bones. […] Many foot fractures occur through an accident or trauma. More specifically, common causes for broken feet are car accidents, falls, missteps, or overuse. […] There are some factors that may put you at a higher risk of developing a broken foot. People who participate in high-impact sports are more likely to develop foot fractures because of the stresses, direct blows, and twisting injuries involved in gameplay. Additionally, those who suddenly increase their activity level are more likely to suffer a stress fracture. […] Unfortunately, there are different complications that may arise because of a foot fracture. For instance, arthritis may be caused by fractures that extend into the joints. Bone infections are also possible in open fractures due to the bone being exposed to bacteria. […] If you suspect you have a broken foot, you should see your podiatrist right away.
#32 Broken Ankle: Types of Fractures, Diagnosis & Treatments | HSS
https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_ankle-fractures.asp
Broken ankles are usually caused by a rotational injury, where the ankle becomes twisted, turned or rolled while walking or running, such as during sports activity. […] But a bone in the ankle can also break due to repetitive stress or impact over time. These are called stress fractures. […] An ankle stress fracture usually occurs some time after a person begins a new activity that involves significant impact of the foot, such as hiking, running or field sports. […] Stress fractures can occur in any of the three ankle bones, especially the tibia or fibula. […] As the number of fracture lines increase, so does the risk of long-term joint damage. Trimalleolar ankle fractures and pilon fractures have the most cartilage injury and, therefore, have a higher risk of arthritis in the future.
#33 Broken Leg: Symptoms & Recovery
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/broken-leg
Fracture surgery complications are rare, but can include: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS): A buildup of pressure in your muscles may stop blood from getting to tissue, which can cause permanent muscle and nerve damage. Malunion: This happens when parts of a broken bone dont line up correctly while healing. Nonunion: Your bone may not grow back together fully or at all. […] Breaking a bone in your leg is a serious injury. Any trauma thats severe enough to break bones in your leg can cause other, potentially life-threatening injuries.
#34 Causes, Symptoms & Treatment of Lower Limb Wounds
https://legsmatter.org/information-and-support/health-concerns/lower-limb-wounds/
These can cause: […] An operation on my broken leg left me with a wound that wouldnt heal […] If there is swelling or even mild venous disease, without this being addressed, the wound can deteriorate and become painful and problematic. […] Inaction or insufficient action on non-healing leg wounds can cause harm as they can become chronic non healing wounds.