Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Blood Cholesterol – Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-cholesterol/diagnosis

  Your healthcare provider will diagnose you with high blood cholesterol based on your medical and family history, a physical exam, and a blood test of your cholesterol levels. […] Your healthcare provider may order a blood test called a lipid panel to screen for unhealthy cholesterol levels. […] A lipoprotein panel, also called a lipid panel or lipid profile, measures the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels that are higher than normal may be signs of higher risk of coronary heart disease. […] Your lipoprotein panel may also provide other potentially useful numbers, such as your non-HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol) and remnant LDL (total cholesterol minus LDL and HDL cholesterol). […] The goal for a healthy lipid profile is to have non-HDL levels below 130 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) with an HDL of at least 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women.

• #2 Testing for Cholesterol | Cholesterol | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/testing/index.html

  The only way to know whether you have high cholesterol is to get your cholesterol checked. […] The cholesterol test, or screening, requires a simple blood draw. […] Because high cholesterol doesn’t have symptoms, many people don’t know their levels are high. […] Your health care team can do a simple blood test. This is called a „lipid profile.” […] Most healthy adults should have their cholesterol checked every 4 to 6 years. […] People who have heart disease, diabetes, or a family history of high cholesterol need to get their cholesterol checked more often. […] The 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines recommend that cholesterol management be based on a person’s lifetime cardiovascular risk, whether a person is 45 to 75 years of age, has diabetes, and has other factors.

• #3 High cholesterol – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350806

  Diagnosis involves the steps that your healthcare professional takes to find out if you have high cholesterol. You receive a blood test to check cholesterol levels. You might hear the blood test called a lipid panel or a lipid profile. The results of the test usually show your: […] In general, you can’t have food or liquids other than water for around 9 to 12 hours before the test. This is called fasting. Some cholesterol tests don’t require fasting, so follow your healthcare professional’s instructions. […] In the United States, cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter (dL) of blood. In Canada and many European countries, cholesterol levels are measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L). To interpret your test results, use these general guidelines.

• #4 Cholesterol Levels: MedlinePlus Medical TestLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/

  A cholesterol test is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides (a type of fat) in your blood. […] A cholesterol test gives you and your health care provider important information about your risk of developing heart disease. If your test shows you have high cholesterol, you can take steps to lower it. This may decrease your risk of developing heart problems in the future. […] Your provider may order a cholesterol test as part of a routine exam. […] A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. […] You may need to fast (not eat or drink) for 9 to 12 hours before your blood cholesterol test. […] There is very little risk to having a blood test. […] Cholesterol is usually measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter (dL) of blood. […] High cholesterol can lead to heart disease, the number one cause of death in the United States.

• #5 Hyperlipidemia (High Cholesterol): Levels, Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21656-hyperlipidemia

  Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) thats not treated can allow plaque to collect inside of your bodys blood vessels (atherosclerosis). […] Your provider will want: A physical exam. Your medical history. Laboratory testing of your cholesterol levels in your blood. […] A blood test called a lipid panel will tell you these numbers: Total cholesterol Less than 200 mg/dL Bad (LDL) cholesterol Less than 100 mg/dL Good (HDL) cholesterol At least 60 mg/dL Triglycerides Less than 150 mg/dL. […] Anything higher than 200 mg/dL is high cholesterol. […] Your provider may also do these tests: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Lipoprotein (a). Apolipoprotein B. Coronary calcium scan. […] Some people can just change their lifestyles to improve their cholesterol numbers. […] People who need medicine to treat their high cholesterol usually take statins.

• #6 Testing for Cholesterol | Cholesterol | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/testing/index.html

  Many people have never had their cholesterol checked, so they dont know whether they are at risk. […] The cholesterol test checks your levels of: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or „bad” cholesterol. […] Having high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in your arteries and result in heart disease or stroke. […] High-density lipoprotein (HDL) or „good” cholesterol. […] HDL is known as „good” cholesterol because high levels can lower your risk of heart disease and stroke. […] Your health care team will look at your cholesterol numbers, along with your family history, age, sex, and other parts of your lifestyle or health, such as smoking, that could increase your risk for high cholesterol. […] This complete picture helps your health care team determine whether you should take steps, such as lifestyle changes or cholesterol-lowering medicine, to lower your risk for heart disease and stroke.

• #7 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hypercholesterolemia-Diagnosis.aspx

  A diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia is based on routine blood analysis to check levels of bad cholesterol, which includes triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). […] The results of the blood tests are used to assess the patients risk of cardiovascular disease. […] Governmental guidelines recommend that the total cholesterol level should be 5 mmol/L or less among healthy adults and 4 mmol/L or less among those at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. […] For LDL specifically, the blood level should be 3mmol/L or less in healthy adults and 2 mmol/L or less among those at high risk of cardiovascular disease. […] The HDL level should ideally be above 1 mmol/L. […] Another measurement that is used to assess cardiovascular risk is the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL, which should be below 4. […] The triglyceride level may also be assessed because an excess of these lipids can also increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Ideally, the triglyceride level should be less than 1.7 mmol/L.

• #8 High Cholesterol Treatment: Diagnosis and More

  https://cprcare.com/blog/cholesterol-treatment/

  High cholesterol is typically diagnosed through a regular blood test. This test is popularly known as lipid profile or lipid panel. It generally reports about: […] You are required to fast for 9-12 hours before the blood test. You should abstain from eating any food or liquid except water. However, there are a few cholesterol tests that don’t require fasting. Hence, follow your doctor’s instructions accordingly.

• #9 For Your Patients: Screening and Diagnosis of High Cholesterol | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/hypercholesterolemia/110600

  Guidelines say that fasting before a screening cholesterol test isn’t necessary for healthy adults age 20 and older who aren’t taking medication to lower their cholesterol. […] Adults with a family history of premature heart disease from high cholesterol and those with a genetic cholesterol condition like familial hypercholesterolemia might also need to fast to get more precise results from their cholesterol tests.

• #9 For Your Patients: Screening and Diagnosis of High Cholesterol | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/hypercholesterolemia/110600

  To get a picture of how much cholesterol you have circulating in your system that could deposit on your blood vessel walls and raise the risk for a heart attack or other event, blood tests are done to assess several major categories: the „bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the „good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, along with triglycerides. […] Screening should start with a one-time cholesterol check at ages 9-11 years to catch dangerous genetic cholesterol disorders that could lead to early disease. Then for healthy individuals, cholesterol checks are recommended every 4-6 years starting around age 20. As age increases, screening becomes more frequent: every 2 years for men ages 45-65 and women ages 55-65, and every year after age 65 for both genders. […] You might need to be checked more often if you are prescribed a medication to lower your cholesterol or have risk factors like a family history of high cholesterol or if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, or blood flow problems to the legs or feet (peripheral artery disease).

• #10 Hypercholesterolemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia

  Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol and LDL in the blood may be a consequence of diet, obesity, inherited (genetic) diseases (such as LDL receptor mutations in familial hypercholesterolemia), or the presence of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes and an underactive thyroid. Cholesterol is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood in the United States and some other countries. In the United Kingdom, most European countries, and Canada, millimoles per liter of blood (mmol/L) is the measure. For healthy adults, the UK National Health Service recommends upper limits of total cholesterol of 5 mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) of 3 mmol/L. For people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, the recommended limit for total cholesterol is 4 mmol/L, and 2 mmol/L for LDL. In the United States, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute within the National Institutes of Health classifies total cholesterol of less than 200 mg/dL as „desirable”, 200 to 239 mg/dL as „borderline high”, and 240 mg/dL or more as „high”. There is no absolute cutoff between normal and abnormal cholesterol levels, and values must be considered in relation to other health conditions and risk factors. Higher levels of total cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease. Levels of LDL or non-HDL cholesterol both predict future coronary heart disease; which is the better predictor is disputed. Genetic screening is now advised if a form of familial hypercholesterolemia is suspected.

• #11 Hyperlipidemia (High Cholesterol): Levels, Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21656-hyperlipidemia

  Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) is an excess of lipids or fats in your blood. This can increase your risk of heart attack and stroke because blood cant flow through your arteries easily. […] Managing your cholesterol is a long-term effort. […] Hyperlipidemia, also known as dyslipidemia or high cholesterol, means you have too many lipids (fats) in your blood. […] Too much cholesterol (200 mg/dL to 239 mg/dL is borderline high and 240 mg/dL is high) isnt healthy because it can create roadblocks in your artery highways where blood travels around to your body. […] Bad cholesterol (LDL) is the most dangerous type because it causes hardened cholesterol deposits (plaque) to collect inside of your blood vessels. […] Hyperlipidemia can be very serious if its not managed. […] As long as high cholesterol is untreated, youre letting plaque accumulate inside of your blood vessels.

• #12 Hyperlipidemia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/hyperlipidemia-overview

  Each measurement is broken down further into categories. For total cholesterol, the numbers used in the U.S. are: Below 200 mg/dL is the goal; 200-239 mg/dL is borderline high; 240 or more is high. […] For LDL cholesterol, the goals change a bit based on your health and risk factors: Below 70 mg/dL if you have a history of heart disease; Below 100 mg/dl if you’re at risk of heart disease or have diabetes; 100-129 mg/dL is acceptable if you have no coronary artery disease. If you do have CAD, this is high. […] If your doctor prescribes a drug to control your cholesterol, you’ll likely have to take it long-term to keep your levels in check.

• #13 Patient education: High cholesterol and lipids (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-cholesterol-and-lipids-beyond-the-basics

  High levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides, is also called „hyperlipidemia.” Hyperlipidemia can significantly increase a person’s risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious problems due to vessel wall narrowing or obstruction. […] To lower these risks, doctors often recommend that people with hyperlipidemia try to lower their cholesterol levels through a combination of dietary changes, exercise, and medication. Most cholesterol-lowering therapies are aimed at reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or „bad” cholesterol. High levels of LDL can cause atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty deposits in the blood vessels), which is the major cause of cardiovascular events (heart attacks, strokes, and lower extremity or peripheral artery disease). […] Hyperlipidemia can significantly increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including disease of blood vessels supplying the heart (coronary artery disease), brain (cerebrovascular disease), and limbs (peripheral artery disease). These conditions happen when the blood vessels get clogged with fatty deposits, restricting blood flow.

• #14 Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia

  When it comes to cholesterol, it’s important to know your numbers. Hyperlipidemia means your blood has too many lipids, or fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides. One type of hyperlipidemia is hypercholesterolemia, which means you have too much non-HDL cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol in your blood. This condition increases fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages. […] If you’re diagnosed with high cholesterol, your overall health and other risks such as smoking or high blood pressure will help guide treatment. These factors can combine with high LDL cholesterol or low HDL cholesterol levels to affect your cardiovascular health. Your health care professional may use the ASCVD Risk Calculator to assess your risk of a coronary event in the next 10 years. […] The good news is that high cholesterol can be lowered, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. If you’re 20 years or older, have your cholesterol tested and work with your health care professional to adjust your cholesterol levels as needed. […] Your health care professional can help you reach your health goals, including keeping your cholesterol at healthy levels. […] Here’s a helpful checklist (PDF) that you and your health care professional can go through to determine your risk and the best treatment options for you.

• #15 What doctors wish patients knew about high cholesterol | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/hypertension/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-high-cholesterol

  High cholesterol is a common health condition in the U.S. Nearly 94 million adults 20 or older have what could be considered borderline high cholesterol, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yet because this condition often presents without symptoms, many are not aware they have high cholesterol until they visit their doctor. […] When visiting your doctor for blood tests, what you’re actually getting is a test of a few different forms of lipids or cholesterol, she added. We will also see what triglyceride levels look like when you get a cholesterol test done. That’s another thing a physician is looking at to decide whether they need to offer medications to manage those levels as well. […] We’ve actually gotten away from hard and fast levels of cholesterol for people, said Dr. Kirley. We look at their cholesterol numbers along with a number of other risk factors for heart disease and stroke.

• #16 Blood Cholesterol – Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-cholesterol/diagnosis

  A lipoprotein-a, or Lp(a), test is not usually part of a routine lipid panel. High levels of Lp(a) may mean you are at higher risk of heart or blood vessel diseases, even if your other cholesterol levels are healthy. […] Your healthcare provider may order an Lp(a) test if you have a family history of stroke, early heart disease, such as a heart attack, or do not know your family medical history.

• #17 Lipid Blood Tests for Lipid Disorder Diagnosis | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/preventive-cardiology-lipid-therapy/diagnostics

  Several diagnostic tests, including lipids blood tests, may be used to accurately diagnose lipid disorders. […] Cholesterol test (lipid panel) A commonly used lipids blood test that measures levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). […] Advanced lipid profile testing A more sophisticated lipid test that goes beyond standard screening to further identify the various components of cholesterol. […] Lipoprotein(a) test A newer blood test, not part of a standard lipid panel, that is used to measure the amount of LDL or low-density lipoprotein in your blood. Lipoprotein(a) is a lesser known type of LDL, or bad cholesterol. An elevated Lp (A) level in your blood can indicate a higher level of risk for heart attack, stroke or aortic stenosis in the future. […] Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan/scoring A non-invasive test that uses CT imaging to measure the amount of calcium in the arteries. Also called a heart scan, it helps determine the risk of coronary artery disease or heart attack.

• #18 Familial Hypercholesterolemia | Test Summary | Quest Diagnostics Familial HypercholesterolemiaFamilial Hypercholesterolemia

  https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-guides/TS_FH/familial-hypercholesterolemia

  These tests are used to genetically diagnose familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in individuals suitable for testing. […] Diagnose familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). […] Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common inherited disorder characterized by very high levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). […] Early diagnosis of FH is crucial for disease management and reducing risk of premature ASCVD (ie, in men ≤55 years, women <65 years). [...] Despite the potential benefits of early diagnosis and treatment, FH remains undiagnosed in over 90% of affected individuals in the United States. [...] According to International Atherosclerosis Society guidelines, clinical diagnostic criteria for FH include personal or family history of premature ASCVD, physical findings of tendon xanthomas (yellowish patches or lumps of cholesterol buildup in the tendons of the hands, feet, and heel) or corneal arcus (opaque ring in the corneal margin), and elevated LDL-C.

• #19 Familial Hypercholesterolemia Symptoms | the Family Heart Foundation

  https://familyheart.org/diagnosing-familial-hypercholesterolemia

  Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is usually an invisible disease. By this we mean that often people do not show visible signs of FH. […] There are two main indicators of an FH diagnosis: High levels of LDL-cholesterol*, which do not go down with diet and exercise; Family history of early heart disease and/or heart attacks. […] Familial Hypercholesterolemia is suspected when LDL-cholesterol is above 190 mg/dL in adults and above 160 mg/dL in children without cholesterol-lowering treatment. […] Usually, your LDL-cholesterol levels and family medical history are enough for a clinical diagnosis of FH. […] An FH diagnosis can be confirmed by a genetic test. […] It is important to note that a negative genetic test does not rule out FH in a person who clinically has FH. […] The main difference between familial hypercholesterolemia and lifestyle-induced high cholesterol is the familial part.

• #20 Familial Hypercholesterolemia | Test Summary | Quest Diagnostics Familial HypercholesterolemiaFamilial Hypercholesterolemia

  https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-guides/TS_FH/familial-hypercholesterolemia

  For untreated heterozygous FH diagnosis, the LDL-C threshold is >190 mg/dL (>160 mg/dL for children and adolescents with a parental history of high LDL-C or premature ASCVD). […] For untreated homozygous FH, the LDL-C threshold is >400 mg/dL. […] Alternatively, genetic testing alone can provide a definitive diagnosis. […] A positive result indicates the presence of 1 or more pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 genes and constitutes a genetic diagnosis of FH. […] A negative result indicates absence of a known pathogenic variant but does not exclude FH in a symptomatic patient; the disorder may be caused by variants in unexamined gene regions (ie, deep intronic) or other genes.

• #21 Familial Hypercholesterolemia Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121298-workup

  In patients with heterozygous FH, LDLc levels are commonly higher than 250 mg/dL and usually increase with age. An LDLc level higher than 200 mg/dL in a patient younger than 20 years is highly suggestive of heterozygous FH or, possibly, familial ligand defective apoB-100. […] In adults, LDLc levels higher than 290-300 mg/dL suggest heterozygous FH. […] Basic tests to rule out diabetes, hypothyroidism, hepatic disease, and renal disease are usually sufficient. […] LDL receptor analysis can be used to identify the specific LDL receptor defect. However, this analysis can only be performed at certain research laboratories and is expensive; and the results have no impact on management. LDL receptor or apoB-100 studies can help distinguish heterozygous FH from the similar syndrome of familial defective apoB-100, but this finding would not alter treatment.

• #22

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/high-cholesterol/diagnosis/

  High cholesterol does not cause symptoms. You can only find out if you have it from a blood test. […] A blood sample is taken to find the amount of bad and good cholesterol and other fatty substances in your blood. […] Your GP may recommend that you have your blood cholesterol levels tested if you: have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease, stroke, mini-stroke or peripheral arterial disease, are over the age of 40 you should have your estimate of cardiovascular disease risk reviewed regularly, have a family history of early cardiovascular disease, have a family member who has a cholesterol-related condition, such as familial hypercholesterolaemia, are overweight or obese, have high blood pressure or diabetes, have another medical condition such as, kidney disease, an under active thyroid, or an inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis). These conditions can cause increased levels of cholesterol or triglycerides.

• #23 High Cholesterol Diagnosis: Testing Your Cholesterol Levels

  https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/making-diagnosis

  Everyone older than age 20 should get their cholesterol levels measured at least once every five years. […] High cholesterol does not cause symptoms; so many people are unaware that their cholesterol levels are too high. […] To assess your cholesterol level, your doctor will usually ask for a simple blood test called a lipoprotein profile. […] If your cholesterol is found to be high, especially if you have other risk factors for heart disease, your doctor will recommend various treatment options ranging from dietary and lifestyle changes to medication to lower your cholesterol. […] Further tests may be recommended if your doctor feels you are at risk for heart disease.

• #24 High Cholesterol: Symptoms, Causes, Levels, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol

  The CDC recommends cholesterol level checks every 4 to 6 years. If you have a family history of high cholesterol or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, your doctor may encourage more frequent cholesterol testing. […] A doctor can use a blood test to measure your triglyceride and cholesterol levels. […] If you have high cholesterol, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes to help lower it. […] Your doctor might prescribe medications to help lower your cholesterol levels if lifestyle changes alone arent working. […] A diagnosis of high cholesterol doesnt mean you will be put on medication. […] Follow your doctors recommendations for routine cholesterol screening. If you have a higher risk of developing high cholesterol or coronary heart disease, they will likely encourage regular testing.

• #25 Cholesterol | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html

  How is high cholesterol diagnosed? […] There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high cholesterol. A blood test can measure your cholesterol levels. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are: […] For people who are ages 20 to 65: […] Younger adults should have the test every 5 years […] Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years. […] For people over age 65: […] They should be tested every year.

• #26 High cholesterol – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350806

  The American Heart Association recommends that children get checked, also called screened, for high cholesterol once between ages 9 and 11. Screening may start earlier if a child has a family history of high cholesterol, heart attack or stroke. Screening also may start earlier if a child has conditions such as diabetes or obesity. The next cholesterol screening is recommended between ages 17 and 21.

• #27 Exams and Tests

  https://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/familial-hypercholesterolemia/exams-and-tests

  There are many imaging tests that can look for early development of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries) including calcium scoring and CT scans that may help guide your diagnosis or plan. […] Two types of screening approaches can be used to find FH: universal and cascade. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics, for example, recommends that all children have their cholesterol levels checked by ages 9 to 11 years old. […] If you have FH, family tracing or cascade screening with lipid and/or genetic testing can help identify other first-degree family members who might be affected. […] If there is suspected or confirmed FH in a parent, consider screening children starting at age 2. If both parents have FH, consider screening their children at birth.

• #28 Familial Hypercholesterolemia Symptoms | the Family Heart Foundation

  https://familyheart.org/diagnosing-familial-hypercholesterolemia

  Although risk factors like diet and lifestyle should be addressed, people with FH require early, aggressive, and lifelong treatment. […] Medical guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association in 2018 give clear recommendations for the LDL Safe Zone based on risk factors. […] It is important to remember that FH runs through families. If you have FH, then each of your close family members has a 50% chance of also having FH. […] This means that if you were diagnosed with FH, but dont know of anyone else in your family who has it, your whole family should get tested.

• #29 Genetic Testing for High Cholesterol | Patients – GBinsight

  https://www.gbhealthwatch.com/gbinsight/fh-patients.php

  Genetic testing is the gold standard for diagnosing FH. […] Diagnosing FH Genetic testing for FH is the gold standard, as it is the only way to confirm a definitive FH diagnosis. […] Cascade screening refers to the process of extending genetic testing to a patients close biological relatives. […] Because early diagnosis of FH is essential for facilitating treatment and lifestyle modification to reduce risk of premature heart disease, cascade screening of FH patients children as well as other family members is recommended by the FH Foundation.

• #30 Cholesterol test – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholesterol-test/about/pac-20384601

  If your results show that your cholesterol level is not as expected, you might be able to improve your cholesterol with lifestyle changes, medicine or both. […] You may need medicines that help lower cholesterol if lifestyle changes aren’t enough. You also may need medicine if you have a history of heart disease or cholesterol levels that are far outside the standard range.

• #30 Cholesterol test – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholesterol-test/about/pac-20384601

  A complete cholesterol test is a blood test. It can measure the amount of cholesterol and fats called triglycerides in blood. […] A cholesterol test can help your healthcare professional figure out your risk of narrowed or blocked arteries. […] A cholesterol test is an important way to check your health. High cholesterol levels often are a key risk factor for a common type of heart disease called coronary artery disease. […] High cholesterol rarely causes symptoms. A complete cholesterol test can help find out whether your cholesterol is high. It also can help gauge your risk of heart and blood vessel diseases. […] People who take medicine for high cholesterol need regular cholesterol testing. Testing helps their healthcare professionals track how well their treatments are working.

• #31 High Cholesterol: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments | AHN

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cardiovascular/conditions/high-cholesterol

  Our team of cardiovascular experts, dietitians, and exercise physiologists help manage your cholesterol levels and significantly reduce the long-term risk of heart disease and stroke with medications and support for healthier lifestyles. […] There are high cholesterol medications you can take to help lower cholesterol levels.

• #32

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-cholesterol/getting-tested/

  High cholesterol does not usually cause symptoms. You can only find out if you have it from a blood test. […] Your GP might suggest having a test to check if your cholesterol level is high. […] You’re more likely to have high cholesterol. […] There are 2 ways of having a cholesterol test. […] This is sent to a lab to check your cholesterol level. You should get the result in a few days. […] If you have high cholesterol, a doctor or nurse will talk to you about how you can lower it. […] Lowering your cholesterol can help lower your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.

• #33

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/high-cholesterol/diagnosis/

  After your cholesterol test, your GP or nurse will explain your results. They will calculate the risk you have of developing heart disease or stroke within the next 10 years. […] Based on your results, your GP or nurse will recommend steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. […] People with inherited high cholesterol (familial hypercholesterolaemia), are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It’s important to be diagnosed as early as possible. […] Early diagnosis means it’s possible to recommend lifestyle changes and other treatments. These will reduce the long-term problems associated with high cholesterol. The will also improve their long-term health.

• #34 Hypercholesterolemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459188/

  Ideally, if there is an abnormal lipid profile (high cholesterol), the test should be repeated within 2 weeks to confirm the diagnosis before embarking on lifelong therapy. […] The cornerstone of treatment of hypercholesterolemia is a healthy lifestyle, an optimum weight, no smoking, exercising for 150 minutes per week, and a diet low in saturated and trans-fatty acids and enriched in fiber, fruit, and vegetables and fatty fish. […] The drug class of choice is the statin which can lower LDL-C from 22% to 50%. […] Currently, heterozygous FH patients whose LDL-C levels remain markedly elevated (more than 200 mg/dL with cardiovascular disease or more than 300 mg/dL without CVD) on maximally tolerated drug therapy are candidates for LDL apheresis. […] In conclusion, hypercholesterolemia is a mammoth problem facing us, and it behooves us as health care professionals to get more patients on efficacious therapies like statins which are cost-effective since they are now largely generic.

• #35 Hyperlipidemia (High Cholesterol): Levels, Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21656-hyperlipidemia

  Your provider will order another blood test about two or three months after you start taking hyperlipidemia medication. […] If you have hyperlipidemia, youll need to keep using healthy lifestyle habits for years to come. […] Although high cholesterol puts you at risk for heart attacks and stroke, you can protect yourself by living a healthier lifestyle and taking medicine if needed. […] Hyperlipidemia, or high cholesterol, can let plaque collect inside of your blood vessels and put you at risk of a heart attack or stroke.

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