Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12639-022-01556-5

  Toxoplasmosis has been categorized as one of the long-lasting protozoan parasitic infections. It affects almost one-third of the worlds population. […] No significant relationships were found between Toxoplasma IgM and IgG results with clinical signs, age, sex, contact with animals, comorbidities, and also the mortality rate of people with COVID-19. These findings showed that acute and latent toxoplasmosis infections are common among patients with COVID-19; however, no significant associations were found between toxoplasma infections and the symptoms of COVID-19. Therefore, toxoplasmosis is not considered a risk factor for COVID-19. […] The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in these patients; however, this high prevalence was not statistically significant.

• #2 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/557

  Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan parasite that spreads through food or water contaminated with oocysts, infected meat, or contact with oocysts from feline feces. […] Acute infection is usually asymptomatic, and once acquired, parasites remain in human tissues lifelong. […] Symptomatic disease can be seen in patients who are immunocompromised with reactivation of latent infection or with acquisition of new infection. […] Symptomatic eye disease can be seen in both patients who are immunocompromised and patients who are immunocompetent. […] Primary infection during pregnancy is often asymptomatic in the mother but can result in congenital disease in the fetus. […] Key diagnostic factors include chorioretinitis and focal neurologic deficit. […] Other diagnostic factors include blurry vision, slurred speech, headache, unsteady gait, confusion, fever, lymphadenopathy, fetal microcephaly, fetal intracranial calcification, fetal hydrocephalus, fetal intrauterine growth restriction, seizure, malaise, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and myocarditis.

• #3 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  Only 10-20% of toxoplasmosis cases in adults and children are symptomatic. Toxoplasmosis is a serious and often life-threatening disease in immunodeficient patients. Congenital toxoplasmosis may manifest as a mild or severe neonatal disease, with onset during the first month of life or with sequelae or relapse of a previously undiagnosed infection at any time during infancy or later in life. Congenital toxoplasmosis has a wide variety of manifestations during the perinatal period. […] Approximately 80-90% of patients are asymptomatic. In immunocompetent individuals with symptoms illness may be characterized by the following: Patients may have cervical lymphadenopathy with discrete, usually nontender, nodes smaller than 3cm in diameter. Fever, malaise, night sweats, and myalgias have been reported. Patients may have a sore throat. Retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy with abdominal pain may occur. Retinochoroiditis is reported.

• #4 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  Most people infected with the parasite do not have symptoms. Some people get flu-like symptoms. Serious disease most often affects infants and people with weakened immune systems. Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy may cause miscarriage and birth defects. […] Most people infected with toxoplasmosis do not have any symptoms. They often don’t know they’re infected. Some people have flu-like symptoms, including: Fever. Swollen lymph nodes that may last for weeks. Headache. Muscle aches. Skin rash. […] The toxoplasma parasites may infect tissues of the inner eye. This can occur in people with healthy immune systems. But the disease is more serious in people with weakened immunity. An infection in the eye is called ocular toxoplasmosis. Symptoms may include: Eye pain. Poor vision. Floaters, which are specks that seem to swim in your vision.

• #5 Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/toxoplasmosis/toxo.html

  Symptoms of toxoplasmosis include fever, swollen glands and muscle aches. Most people who become infected with Toxoplasma have no symptoms. […] If people develop symptoms, they usually begin 1 to 3 weeks after being exposed to the parasite. Symptoms usually last for 2 to 4 weeks.

• #6 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  This tends to be different depending on whether its a new (acute) infection, a reactivation or present at birth (congenital). […] Acute toxoplasmosis is your bodys response to an initial infection with T. gondii. […] Most people dont feel sick, but you might have flu-like symptoms, including: Fever, Fatigue, Muscle aches, Painless, swollen lymph nodes in your neck or armpits, Sore throat, Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), Ocular toxoplasmosis (rare). […] Reactivated toxoplasmosis usually causes symptoms related your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system or CNS). […] CNS symptoms can include: Headaches, Confusion, Seizures, Fever, Facial paralysis, Vision changes, Numbness, Weakness or loss of motor skills, Toxoplasmic encephalitis, Coma. […] Congenital (present at birth) toxoplasmosis is passed through the placenta to the fetus.

• #7 How to Identify and Treat Toxoplasmosis Infection

  https://www.healthline.com/health/toxoplasmosis

  Most people whove contracted T. gondii show no signs or symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may last for a month or more and usually resolve on their own. […] Toxoplasmosis symptoms are often flu-like and may include: fever, muscle aches and pains (myalgia), sore throat, headache, swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck. […] Toxoplasmosis is especially serious for people who have severely weakened immune systems, potentially leading to complications involving the eyes, brain, lungs, or other organs. […] About 75 percent of newborns born with toxoplasmosis dont have any noticeable symptoms at birth. In some cases, congenital toxoplasmosis can be detected alongside irregularities in a babys brain and eyes. […] However, sometimes toxoplasmosis can be life threatening for the baby soon after birth.

• #8 Toxoplasmosis: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/toxoplasmosis-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160761

  Toxoplasmosis is not a disease we hear all that much about, but one that will affect nearly one of every 10 Americans at some point in their lives. Symptoms of toxoplasmosis tend to be mild and may include muscle pain, fever, fatigue, headache, and swollen lymph nodes, sometimes lasting for weeks. However, in the vast majority of cases, there will be few, if any, obvious signs of infection. […] In people with normal immune systems, up to 90 percent of cases of toxoplasmosis will be entirely asymptomatic (without symptoms). As such, most people will not even be aware that theyve been infected. […] If acute symptoms do appear, they will most often be mild and may include: Low-grade fever (lower than 100.4o F), Headache, Fatigue, Swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), Muscle aches (myalgia), A general feeling of unwellness (malaise).

• #9 Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/toxoplasmosis/fact_sheet.htm

  In Healthy People: Mild flu-like symptoms, such as tiredness, muscle aches, fever, or swollen lymph nodes (especially in the neck). These symptoms often go away on their own and may not even be noticed. […] In People with Weakened Immune Systems (for example, those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy): More severe symptoms, such as headaches, confusion, seizures, or difficulty breathing. These happen because the parasite can cause serious infections in the brain, eyes, lungs, or other organs. […] In Pregnant Women and Babies: If a pregnant woman gets toxoplasmosis for the first time, she may not feel sick, but the parasite can infect the baby. Babies born with toxoplasmosis might have no symptoms at birth, but over time, they could develop vision problems, hearing loss, or developmental delays.

• #10 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  Only 10-20% of toxoplasmosis cases in adults and children are symptomatic. Toxoplasmosis is a serious and often life-threatening disease in immunodeficient patients. Congenital toxoplasmosis may manifest as a mild or severe neonatal disease, with onset during the first month of life or with sequelae or relapse of a previously undiagnosed infection at any time during infancy or later in life. Congenital toxoplasmosis has a wide variety of manifestations during the perinatal period. […] Approximately 80-90% of patients are asymptomatic. In immunocompetent individuals with symptoms illness may be characterized by the following: Patients may have cervical lymphadenopathy with discrete, usually nontender, nodes smaller than 3cm in diameter. Fever, malaise, night sweats, and myalgias have been reported. Patients may have a sore throat. Retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy with abdominal pain may occur. Retinochoroiditis is reported.

• #11 Toxoplasmosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis

  People with weakened immune systems are likely to experience headache, confusion, poor coordination, seizures, lung problems that may resemble tuberculosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, or chorioretinitis caused by severe inflammation of the retina. […] Young children and immunocompromised people may develop severe toxoplasmosis. […] This can cause damage to the brain or the eyes. […] Infants infected via placental transmission may be born with either of these problems, or with nasal malformations, although these complications are rare in newborns. […] Swollen lymph nodes are commonly found in the neck or under the chin, followed by the armpits and the groin. […] Enlarged lymph nodes will resolve within 12 months in 60% of cases. […] However, a quarter of those affected take 24 months to return to normal, and 8% take 46 months.

• #12 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  Most people infected with the parasite do not have symptoms. Some people get flu-like symptoms. Serious disease most often affects infants and people with weakened immune systems. Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy may cause miscarriage and birth defects. […] Most people infected with toxoplasmosis do not have any symptoms. They often don’t know they’re infected. Some people have flu-like symptoms, including: Fever. Swollen lymph nodes that may last for weeks. Headache. Muscle aches. Skin rash. […] The toxoplasma parasites may infect tissues of the inner eye. This can occur in people with healthy immune systems. But the disease is more serious in people with weakened immunity. An infection in the eye is called ocular toxoplasmosis. Symptoms may include: Eye pain. Poor vision. Floaters, which are specks that seem to swim in your vision.

• #13 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Most people do not have symptoms. […] Most people with healthy immune systems who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii do not know they have it because they do not have any symptoms. If you get sick, you may experience mild flu-like symptoms, including tender lymph nodes, muscle aches, and pains. […] These symptoms can last for weeks to months and then go away. However, the parasite stays in your body in an inactive state. It can relapse (reactivation of infection) if you become immunosuppressed (have a weakened immune system). […] Infants who are infected before birth often show no symptoms at birth but may develop them later in life. This can result in potential vision loss, mental disability, and seizures. […] Symptoms of ocular disease include reduced vision, blurred vision, pain (often with bright light), eye redness, and tearing.

• #14 Food Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis – Women’s Health – Associates for Women’s Medicine – Syracuse NY Gynecologist, Gynecology, Obstetrics, OBGYN, OB Physicians, Syracuse New York, Fayetteville, North Syracuse, LiverpoolFood Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.afwomensmed.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=ug2077

  Toxoplasmosis is infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Most people who become infected don’t have symptoms. […] When symptoms are present, they are often flu-like and may include swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a few days to several weeks. […] Severe toxoplasmosis results in damage to the eyes or the brain. Infants who became infected before birth may be born with serious mental or physical problems. […] A person with a weakened immune system can develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis. […] Severe symptoms vary depending on which part of the body is affected. If the infection is in the: […] Brain (encephalitis), symptoms include seizures, sensory changes, weakness, changes in behavior or mental state, and problems with movement. […] Eye (chorioretinitis), symptoms include eye pain and gradual vision loss in one or both eyes. […] Lungs (pneumonia), symptoms include fever and chills, breathing problems and a cough that can cause chest wall pain, fatigue, and weakness. […] Heart (myocarditis), symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, feeling tired, and palpitations.

• #15 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. If the central structures of the retina are involved there will be a progressive loss of vision that can lead to blindness. […] People who are immunocompromised may experience severe symptoms if they are infected with Toxoplasma. […] A person who is infected with HIV and who has either primary or reactivated Toxoplasma infection can have symptoms such as fever, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, and poor coordination.

• #16 Toxoplasmosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/toxoplasmosis

  A healthy person does not usually require treatment for toxoplasmosis, as symptoms are mild and usually disappear within a few weeks. […] Symptoms, if they do occur, include: Swollen lymph glands, especially around the neck, Muscle aches and pains, Headache, Fever, Generally feeling unwell, Inflammation of the lungs, Inflammation of the heart muscle, Inflammation of the eye, for example, the retina (at the back of the eye). […] The toxoplasmosis parasite can cause a long-term infection. Following infection, a small number of parasites can remain locked inside cysts within certain parts of the body, such as the brain, lungs and muscle tissue. Such dormant infections persist for life and can reactivate in the immunosuppressed person. These patients are at risk of serious disease, with brain, heart or eye involvement, pneumonia and occasionally death.

• #17 Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned | Parasites & Vectors | Full Text

  https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-021-04769-4

  The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range, infecting most warm-blooded hosts. Approximately 30% of humanity is infected with T. gondii, but clinical toxoplasmosis is relatively infrequent. Toxoplasmosis has a wide range of clinical symptoms involving almost all organ systems. In most persons that acquire infection postnatally, symptoms (when present) are mild and mimic other diseases such as flu, Lyme disease, Q fever, hematological alterations, or mumps. […] Fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and fatigue were the most important symptoms, and these symptoms were not age-dependent. The incubation period was 7-30 days. […] In most persons, symptoms (when present) are mild and mimic other ailments such as flu, Lyme disease, Q fever, hematological alterations, and mumps. Therefore, it is likely that in many persons these symptoms are missed, or the diagnosis is delayed. […] The fact that a very high number of patients in the oocyst-transmitted outbreaks in Canada, Brazil, and India developed ocular lesions suggests T. gondii genotype tropism.

• #18 Toxoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/

  In immunosuppressed individuals, such as patients with HIV/AIDS and those who have received a solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation, toxoplasmosis can reactivate and present as an opportunistic infection. Patients can develop symptoms and signs of encephalitis, myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly, retinochoroiditis, and pneumonitis. […] The most common presentation of T gondii reactivation disease in patients with HIV/AIDS with CD4 lymphocyte counts less than 100 cells/L is signs and symptoms of central nervous system disease from toxoplasmic encephalitis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis usually presents with neurological symptoms based on the region of the brain involved and the number of lesions. Symptoms may include fevers, seizures, headaches, changes in vision, altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, cognitive dysfunction, ataxia, involuntary movements, and stupor and coma. […] Toxoplasmosis can cause severe life-threatening complications in immunosuppressed individuals, manifesting as toxoplasmic encephalitis or extracerebral toxoplasmosis.

• #19 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Most people dont have symptoms when they get infected. […] But as your immune system attacks the parasite, it creates cysts in your body. […] The parasite can live inactive (dormant) in these cysts and make you sick when it reactivates at a later time. […] While most people can fight off toxoplasmosis without symptoms, a new or reactivated infection can cause life-threatening complications in someone with a weakened immune system. […] If youve had toxoplasmosis in the past, T. gondii lives in cysts in your body. […] When your immune system is weakened, it can reactivate and cause you to get sick. […] Left untreated, toxoplasmosis can cause organ damage in someone with a compromised immune system. […] This can eventually lead to death. […] The symptoms of toxoplasmosis depend on where the parasite is active.

• #20 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  CNS toxoplasmosis occurs in 50% of patients – Seizure, dysequilibrium, cranial nerve deficits, altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits, headache. Patients may have encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, or mass lesions. Hemiparesis and seizures have been reported. Patients may report visual changes. They may have signs and symptoms similar to those observed in immunocompetent hosts. Patients may have flulike symptoms and lymphadenopathy. Myocarditis and pneumonitis are reported. Toxoplasmic pneumonitis can occur – Typical symptoms of a pulmonary infection, mirroring in particular P (carinii) jiroveci, including nonproductive cough, dyspnea, chest discomfort, and fever. […] Brain involvement (ie, toxoplasmic encephalitis), with or without focal CNS lesions, is the most common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in individuals with AIDS. Clinical findings include the following: Altered mental state, Seizures, Weakness, Cranial nerve disturbances, Sensory abnormalities, Cerebellar signs, Meningismus, Movement disorders, Neuropsychiatric manifestations. The characteristic presentation usually is a subacute onset, with focal neurologic abnormalities in 58-89% of cases. However, in 15-25% of cases, the clinical presentation is more abrupt, with seizures or cerebral hemorrhage. Most commonly, hemiparesis and/or speech abnormality is the major initial manifestation.

• #21 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  People with weakened immune systems are likely to have more-serious disease from toxoplasmosis. A toxoplasmosis infection from earlier in life may become active again. People at risk include those living with HIV/AIDS, people receiving cancer treatment and people with a transplanted organ. […] In addition to serious eye disease, toxoplasmosis can cause severe lung or brain disease for a person with weakened immunity. Rarely, the infection can show up in other tissues throughout the body. […] Lung infection may cause: Breathing problems. Fever. Cough. […] Toxoplasmosis may cause inflammation of the brain, also called encephalitis. Symptoms may include: Confusion. Poor coordination. Muscle weakness. Seizures. Changes in alertness. […] Toxoplasmosis can pass from the mother to the fetus during a pregnancy. This is called congenital toxoplasmosis.

• #22 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  This tends to be different depending on whether its a new (acute) infection, a reactivation or present at birth (congenital). […] Acute toxoplasmosis is your bodys response to an initial infection with T. gondii. […] Most people dont feel sick, but you might have flu-like symptoms, including: Fever, Fatigue, Muscle aches, Painless, swollen lymph nodes in your neck or armpits, Sore throat, Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), Ocular toxoplasmosis (rare). […] Reactivated toxoplasmosis usually causes symptoms related your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system or CNS). […] CNS symptoms can include: Headaches, Confusion, Seizures, Fever, Facial paralysis, Vision changes, Numbness, Weakness or loss of motor skills, Toxoplasmic encephalitis, Coma. […] Congenital (present at birth) toxoplasmosis is passed through the placenta to the fetus.

• #23 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. If the central structures of the retina are involved there will be a progressive loss of vision that can lead to blindness. […] People who are immunocompromised may experience severe symptoms if they are infected with Toxoplasma. […] A person who is infected with HIV and who has either primary or reactivated Toxoplasma infection can have symptoms such as fever, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, and poor coordination.

• #24 Food Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis – Women’s Health – Associates for Women’s Medicine – Syracuse NY Gynecologist, Gynecology, Obstetrics, OBGYN, OB Physicians, Syracuse New York, Fayetteville, North Syracuse, LiverpoolFood Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.afwomensmed.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=ug2077

  Toxoplasmosis is infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Most people who become infected don’t have symptoms. […] When symptoms are present, they are often flu-like and may include swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a few days to several weeks. […] Severe toxoplasmosis results in damage to the eyes or the brain. Infants who became infected before birth may be born with serious mental or physical problems. […] A person with a weakened immune system can develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis. […] Severe symptoms vary depending on which part of the body is affected. If the infection is in the: […] Brain (encephalitis), symptoms include seizures, sensory changes, weakness, changes in behavior or mental state, and problems with movement. […] Eye (chorioretinitis), symptoms include eye pain and gradual vision loss in one or both eyes. […] Lungs (pneumonia), symptoms include fever and chills, breathing problems and a cough that can cause chest wall pain, fatigue, and weakness. […] Heart (myocarditis), symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, feeling tired, and palpitations.

• #25 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  CNS toxoplasmosis occurs in 50% of patients – Seizure, dysequilibrium, cranial nerve deficits, altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits, headache. Patients may have encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, or mass lesions. Hemiparesis and seizures have been reported. Patients may report visual changes. They may have signs and symptoms similar to those observed in immunocompetent hosts. Patients may have flulike symptoms and lymphadenopathy. Myocarditis and pneumonitis are reported. Toxoplasmic pneumonitis can occur – Typical symptoms of a pulmonary infection, mirroring in particular P (carinii) jiroveci, including nonproductive cough, dyspnea, chest discomfort, and fever. […] Brain involvement (ie, toxoplasmic encephalitis), with or without focal CNS lesions, is the most common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in individuals with AIDS. Clinical findings include the following: Altered mental state, Seizures, Weakness, Cranial nerve disturbances, Sensory abnormalities, Cerebellar signs, Meningismus, Movement disorders, Neuropsychiatric manifestations. The characteristic presentation usually is a subacute onset, with focal neurologic abnormalities in 58-89% of cases. However, in 15-25% of cases, the clinical presentation is more abrupt, with seizures or cerebral hemorrhage. Most commonly, hemiparesis and/or speech abnormality is the major initial manifestation.

• #26 Toxoplasmosis: Symptoms, Pregnancy Risks, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/toxoplasmosis

  If your immune system is normal, toxoplasmosis is likely to not cause any complications. Youre at greater risk for serious health problems from toxoplasmosis infection if: You have HIV or AIDS, You are having chemotherapy, which affects your immune system, Youre taking steroids or other drugs with the side effect of suppressing your immune system. If you have a weakened immune system (especially because of HIV or AIDS), toxoplasmosis can be serious and cause seizures or encephalitis. People who have AIDS or encephalitis that isnt treated can die from toxoplasmosis. Children with toxoplasmosis may have hearing loss, blindness, and mental disabilities. […] For most healthy adults, toxoplasmosis doesnt pose any problems. But women who are pregnant or people with compromised immune systems will have to take special care. People with AIDS who have recovered from toxoplasmosis are at a high risk for getting it a second time. To prevent this, they must take medication as long as their immune system is compromised. Children with toxoplasmosis who are treated at birth may not show any signs of the disease. If a pregnant woman is treated, the chances of the baby getting it drops 60%.

• #27 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  Pulmonary toxoplasmosis occurs mainly in patients with advanced AIDS (mean CD4+ count of 40 cells/L 75 standard deviation) and primarily manifests as a prolonged febrile illness with cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis may be clinically indistinguishable from P (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia, and the mortality rate, even when treated appropriately, may be as high as 35%. […] This is most severe when maternal infection occurs early in pregnancy. Approximately 15-55% of congenitally infected children do not have detectable T gondii specific IgM antibodies at birth or early infancy. Approximately 67% of patients have no signs or symptoms of infection. Retinochoroiditis occurs in about 15% of patients, and intracranial calcifications develop in about 10%. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and elevated protein values are present in 20% of patients. […] The classic clinical triad of retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcifications, and convulsions defines congenital toxoplasmosis. Other findings include the following: Hydrocephalus, Microcephaly, Organomegaly, Jaundice, Rash, Fever, Psychomotor retardation.

• #28 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  People with weakened immune systems are likely to have more-serious disease from toxoplasmosis. A toxoplasmosis infection from earlier in life may become active again. People at risk include those living with HIV/AIDS, people receiving cancer treatment and people with a transplanted organ. […] In addition to serious eye disease, toxoplasmosis can cause severe lung or brain disease for a person with weakened immunity. Rarely, the infection can show up in other tissues throughout the body. […] Lung infection may cause: Breathing problems. Fever. Cough. […] Toxoplasmosis may cause inflammation of the brain, also called encephalitis. Symptoms may include: Confusion. Poor coordination. Muscle weakness. Seizures. Changes in alertness. […] Toxoplasmosis can pass from the mother to the fetus during a pregnancy. This is called congenital toxoplasmosis.

• #29

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug2077

  Most people with toxoplasmosis don’t have symptoms. […] When symptoms are present, they are often flu-like and may include swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a few days to several weeks. […] Severe toxoplasmosis results in damage to the eyes or the brain. Infants who became infected before birth may be born with serious mental or physical problems. […] A person with a weakened immune system can develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis. […] Severe symptoms vary depending on which part of the body is affected. If the infection is in the: […] Brain (encephalitis), symptoms include seizures, sensory changes, weakness, changes in behaviour or mental state, and problems with movement. […] Eye (chorioretinitis), symptoms include eye pain and gradual vision loss in one or both eyes. […] Lungs (pneumonia), symptoms include fever and chills, breathing problems and a cough that can cause chest wall pain, fatigue, and weakness. […] Heart (myocarditis), symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, feeling tired, and palpitations.

• #30 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  Pulmonary toxoplasmosis occurs mainly in patients with advanced AIDS (mean CD4+ count of 40 cells/L 75 standard deviation) and primarily manifests as a prolonged febrile illness with cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis may be clinically indistinguishable from P (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia, and the mortality rate, even when treated appropriately, may be as high as 35%. […] This is most severe when maternal infection occurs early in pregnancy. Approximately 15-55% of congenitally infected children do not have detectable T gondii specific IgM antibodies at birth or early infancy. Approximately 67% of patients have no signs or symptoms of infection. Retinochoroiditis occurs in about 15% of patients, and intracranial calcifications develop in about 10%. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and elevated protein values are present in 20% of patients. […] The classic clinical triad of retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcifications, and convulsions defines congenital toxoplasmosis. Other findings include the following: Hydrocephalus, Microcephaly, Organomegaly, Jaundice, Rash, Fever, Psychomotor retardation.

• #31 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Disease in neonates may be severe, particularly if acquired early in pregnancy; symptoms include jaundice, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and the characteristic tetrad of abnormalities: Bilateral retinochoroiditis, Cerebral calcifications, Hydrocephalus or microcephaly, Psychomotor retardation. […] Infections may manifest in several ways: Acute toxoplasmosis, Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Ocular toxoplasmosis, Disseminated or non-CNS disease in immunocompromised patients. […] This type usually results from congenital infection that is reactivated, often during the teens and 20s, but rarely, it occurs with acquired infections. Focal necrotizing retinitis and a secondary granulomatous inflammation of the choroid occur and may cause ocular pain, blurred vision, and sometimes blindness. Relapses are common. […] Disease outside the eye and CNS is much less common and occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised patients. They may present with pneumonitis, myocarditis, polymyositis, diffuse maculopapular rash, high fevers, chills, and prostration. […] Untreated disseminated infections are usually fatal.

• #32 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  This tends to be different depending on whether its a new (acute) infection, a reactivation or present at birth (congenital). […] Acute toxoplasmosis is your bodys response to an initial infection with T. gondii. […] Most people dont feel sick, but you might have flu-like symptoms, including: Fever, Fatigue, Muscle aches, Painless, swollen lymph nodes in your neck or armpits, Sore throat, Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), Ocular toxoplasmosis (rare). […] Reactivated toxoplasmosis usually causes symptoms related your brain and spinal cord (central nervous system or CNS). […] CNS symptoms can include: Headaches, Confusion, Seizures, Fever, Facial paralysis, Vision changes, Numbness, Weakness or loss of motor skills, Toxoplasmic encephalitis, Coma. […] Congenital (present at birth) toxoplasmosis is passed through the placenta to the fetus.

• #33 Food Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis – Women’s Health – Associates for Women’s Medicine – Syracuse NY Gynecologist, Gynecology, Obstetrics, OBGYN, OB Physicians, Syracuse New York, Fayetteville, North Syracuse, LiverpoolFood Poisoning: Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.afwomensmed.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=ug2077

  Toxoplasmosis is infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Most people who become infected don’t have symptoms. […] When symptoms are present, they are often flu-like and may include swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a few days to several weeks. […] Severe toxoplasmosis results in damage to the eyes or the brain. Infants who became infected before birth may be born with serious mental or physical problems. […] A person with a weakened immune system can develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis. […] Severe symptoms vary depending on which part of the body is affected. If the infection is in the: […] Brain (encephalitis), symptoms include seizures, sensory changes, weakness, changes in behavior or mental state, and problems with movement. […] Eye (chorioretinitis), symptoms include eye pain and gradual vision loss in one or both eyes. […] Lungs (pneumonia), symptoms include fever and chills, breathing problems and a cough that can cause chest wall pain, fatigue, and weakness. […] Heart (myocarditis), symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, feeling tired, and palpitations.

• #34 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Disease in neonates may be severe, particularly if acquired early in pregnancy; symptoms include jaundice, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and the characteristic tetrad of abnormalities: Bilateral retinochoroiditis, Cerebral calcifications, Hydrocephalus or microcephaly, Psychomotor retardation. […] Infections may manifest in several ways: Acute toxoplasmosis, Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Ocular toxoplasmosis, Disseminated or non-CNS disease in immunocompromised patients. […] This type usually results from congenital infection that is reactivated, often during the teens and 20s, but rarely, it occurs with acquired infections. Focal necrotizing retinitis and a secondary granulomatous inflammation of the choroid occur and may cause ocular pain, blurred vision, and sometimes blindness. Relapses are common. […] Disease outside the eye and CNS is much less common and occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised patients. They may present with pneumonitis, myocarditis, polymyositis, diffuse maculopapular rash, high fevers, chills, and prostration. […] Untreated disseminated infections are usually fatal.

• #35

• #36 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Most patients with AIDS or other immunocompromised patients who develop toxoplasmosis present with encephalitis and ring-enhancing intracranial mass lesions seen on CT or MRI scans, both with contrast. Risk is greatest among those with CD4 counts of 200/mcL. These patients typically have headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma, fever, and sometimes focal neurologic deficits, such as motor or sensory loss, cranial nerve palsies, visual abnormalities, and focal seizures. […] Congenital toxoplasmosis results from a primary, often asymptomatic infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy. Women infected before conception ordinarily do not transmit toxoplasmosis to the fetus unless the infection is reactivated during pregnancy by immunosuppression. Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or birth defects may occur. The percentage of surviving fetuses born with toxoplasmosis depends on when maternal infection is acquired; it increases from 15% during the 1st trimester to 30% during the 2nd to 60% during the 3rd. The severity of congenital diseases decreases if the mother becomes infected later in pregnancy.

• #37 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Most patients with AIDS or other immunocompromised patients who develop toxoplasmosis present with encephalitis and ring-enhancing intracranial mass lesions seen on CT or MRI scans, both with contrast. Risk is greatest among those with CD4 counts of 200/mcL. These patients typically have headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma, fever, and sometimes focal neurologic deficits, such as motor or sensory loss, cranial nerve palsies, visual abnormalities, and focal seizures. […] Congenital toxoplasmosis results from a primary, often asymptomatic infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy. Women infected before conception ordinarily do not transmit toxoplasmosis to the fetus unless the infection is reactivated during pregnancy by immunosuppression. Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or birth defects may occur. The percentage of surviving fetuses born with toxoplasmosis depends on when maternal infection is acquired; it increases from 15% during the 1st trimester to 30% during the 2nd to 60% during the 3rd. The severity of congenital diseases decreases if the mother becomes infected later in pregnancy.

• #38 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Most patients with AIDS or other immunocompromised patients who develop toxoplasmosis present with encephalitis and ring-enhancing intracranial mass lesions seen on CT or MRI scans, both with contrast. Risk is greatest among those with CD4 counts of 200/mcL. These patients typically have headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma, fever, and sometimes focal neurologic deficits, such as motor or sensory loss, cranial nerve palsies, visual abnormalities, and focal seizures. […] Congenital toxoplasmosis results from a primary, often asymptomatic infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy. Women infected before conception ordinarily do not transmit toxoplasmosis to the fetus unless the infection is reactivated during pregnancy by immunosuppression. Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or birth defects may occur. The percentage of surviving fetuses born with toxoplasmosis depends on when maternal infection is acquired; it increases from 15% during the 1st trimester to 30% during the 2nd to 60% during the 3rd. The severity of congenital diseases decreases if the mother becomes infected later in pregnancy.

• #39 Toxoplasmosis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxoplasmosis.html

  The most severe cases of congenital toxoplasmosis happen when the mom is infected early in the pregnancy. This can lead to miscarriage or the baby might be born early or very small. […] Kids with weakened immune systems can have all the symptoms listed above, as well as problems with their lungs and heart. Many of these kids also have inflammation in the brain (encephalitis).

• #40 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  People with weakened immune systems are likely to have more-serious disease from toxoplasmosis. A toxoplasmosis infection from earlier in life may become active again. People at risk include those living with HIV/AIDS, people receiving cancer treatment and people with a transplanted organ. […] In addition to serious eye disease, toxoplasmosis can cause severe lung or brain disease for a person with weakened immunity. Rarely, the infection can show up in other tissues throughout the body. […] Lung infection may cause: Breathing problems. Fever. Cough. […] Toxoplasmosis may cause inflammation of the brain, also called encephalitis. Symptoms may include: Confusion. Poor coordination. Muscle weakness. Seizures. Changes in alertness. […] Toxoplasmosis can pass from the mother to the fetus during a pregnancy. This is called congenital toxoplasmosis.

• #41 Toxoplasmosis | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/food-borne-illness/toxoplasmosis

  Most people infected with T. gondii are not aware of it. In those who do become ill, the illness may vary from flu-like symptoms to symptoms such as enlarged, painful lymph nodes, fever, or eye infection. Any organ may be involved and the condition may spread throughout the body. […] When a previously non-infected woman becomes infected with T. gondii during pregnancy, the fetus (unborn baby) may become infected as well. Infection during the first half of pregnancy poses the greatest risk to the fetus. The unborn child may develop physical malformations, mental retardation, impaired vision, and deafness. Fetal infections may result in death. […] Toxoplasmosis infections in most people typically resolve without treatment. For pregnant women or people with weakened immune systems, medications are available to treat toxoplasmosis.

• #42 Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/toxoplasmosis/

  Toxoplasmosis does not usually cause any symptoms and most people do not know they’ve had it. […] Some people may have flu-like symptoms such as: high temperature, headache, sore throat, aching body, swollen glands, feeling tired, feeling sick or being sick. […] Some people may have more serious symptoms including: confusion, blurred vision, slurred speech, unsteady walking. […] But it can cause serious problems if you: get it while you’re pregnant, have a weakened immune system for example, if you have HIV or are having chemotherapy, have more severe symptoms such as confusion, blurred vision or slurred speech. […] If you get toxoplasmosis while you’re pregnant it can cause miscarriage. If it spreads to your baby it can cause serious complications. […] If you have a weakened immune system toxoplasmosis may cause problems with your eyes, brain, heart or lungs.

• #43 Congenital Toxoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545228/

  Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection in humans and animals. Infection in healthy immunocompetent adults is asymptomatic in about 50% of the cases. However, it can also cause a self-limited mild, nonspecific illness presenting with signs and symptoms such as fever, malaise, maculopapular rash, headache, fatigue, and tender lymphadenopathy. […] In immunocompromised individuals and neonates, it causes a severe infection with devastating sequelae. Congenital toxoplasmosis, as a result of vertical transmission from infected mothers, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in fetuses, neonates, and children as they progress into adulthood. […] The majority of the infants (about 75%) with congenital toxoplasmosis have no apparent clinical manifestations at birth. Identification usually takes place during routine newborn and maternal screening done in certain countries. They demonstrate neurological (cerebral calcifications) or ophthalmologic (retinal scars) abnormalities.

• #44 Toxoplasmosis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxoplasmosis.html

  When someone gets toxoplasmosis, the parasite remains in the body for life. It’s usually not a problem, though. In most cases, people don’t even know they’re infected because they don’t have any symptoms. […] In otherwise healthy children, toxoplasmosis can look like the flu or mono. Symptoms can include: fever, swollen glands (lymph nodes), body aches, headache, tiredness. […] Babies with congenital toxoplasmosis often don’t have any symptoms at birth. But problems might show up months or years later. They can range from mild to severe: vision problems and even blindness from injury to the retina (back of the eye), brain damage leading to developmental delay, seizures, hearing loss, limp muscle tone, or an unusually large or small head, fever, swollen glands, jaundice (yellowed skin and eyes), rash, problems with blood cells, such as anemia or thrombocytopenia, a large liver or spleen.

• #45 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  Infection during the first trimester often causes more-severe disease. It also may result in miscarriage. For some babies with toxoplasmosis, serious disease may be present at birth or appear early in infancy. Medical problems may include: Too much fluid in or around the brain, also called hydrocephalus. Severe eye infection. Irregularities in brain tissues. An enlarged liver or spleen. […] Symptoms of severe disease vary. They may include: Problems with mental or motor skills. Blindness or other vision problems. Hearing problems. Seizures. Heart disorders. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, also called jaundice. Rash. […] Most babies with toxoplasmosis do not show symptoms. But problems may show up later in childhood or teenage years. These include: Return of eye infections. Problems with motor skill development. Problems with thinking and learning. Hearing loss. Slowed growth. Early puberty. […] The symptoms of severe toxoplasmosis include blurred vision, confusion and loss of coordination. These need immediate medical care, particularly if you have a weakened immune system.

• #46 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Some babies wont have any symptoms at birth, but are at high risk for developing them later on. […] These symptoms may include: Yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), Rash, Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), Vision loss, eye pain or sensitivity to light (retinochoroiditis), Calcium deposits in their brain, Fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus), Small head size (microcephaly), Seizures, Delays in motor skill development, Learning delays or differences, Ocular toxoplasmosis. […] Because of the cysts left behind by T. gondii, toxoplasmosis may never be fully cured. […] Medication can treat an active infection, but it doesnt destroy the cysts. […] If you have a healthy immune system, the cysts shouldnt reactivate. […] But if you have a weakened immune system or if you have congenital toxoplasmosis, the parasite can reactivate and make you sick in the future.

• #47 Congenital toxoplasmosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001360.htm

  Congenital toxoplasmosis is a group of symptoms that occur when an unborn baby (fetus) is infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. […] Up to half babies who become infected with toxoplasmosis during the pregnancy are born early (prematurely). The infection can damage the baby’s eyes, nervous system, skin, and ears. […] Often, there are signs of infection at birth. However, babies with mild infections may not have symptoms for months or years after birth. If not treated, most children with this infection develop problems in their teens. Eye problems are common. […] Symptoms may include: Enlarged liver and spleen, Vomiting, Eye damage from inflammation of the retina or other parts of the eye, Feeding problems, Hearing loss, Jaundice (yellow skin), Low birth weight (intrauterine growth restriction), Skin rash (tiny red spots or bruising) at birth, Vision problems. […] Brain and nervous system damage ranges from very mild to severe, and may include: Seizures, Intellectual disability.

• #48 How to Identify and Treat Toxoplasmosis Infection

  https://www.healthline.com/health/toxoplasmosis

  Signs and symptoms of these rare cases include: poor feeding, swollen lymph nodes, skin rash, jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, enlarged liver or spleen, anemia, which is due to low numbers of red blood cells, low platelet count, which can cause easy bruising, bleeding, or purple dots on the skin (petechiae), eye damage, crossed eyes, nystagmus, an involuntary, repetitive movement of the eyes, seizures, low birth weight, cerebral calcifications, signs that T. gondii has caused damage to the brain, hydrocephalus, when fluid builds up in the skull, macrocephaly, a head thats larger than normal, microcephaly, a head thats smaller than normal. […] Sometimes babies with congenital toxoplasmosis arent noticeably ill at birth but develop signs and symptoms as they get older. […] Some of these latent symptoms include: hearing loss, vision problems, learning disorders, intellectual disability, developmental delays.

• #49 Toxoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229969-clinical

  Pulmonary toxoplasmosis occurs mainly in patients with advanced AIDS (mean CD4+ count of 40 cells/L 75 standard deviation) and primarily manifests as a prolonged febrile illness with cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis may be clinically indistinguishable from P (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia, and the mortality rate, even when treated appropriately, may be as high as 35%. […] This is most severe when maternal infection occurs early in pregnancy. Approximately 15-55% of congenitally infected children do not have detectable T gondii specific IgM antibodies at birth or early infancy. Approximately 67% of patients have no signs or symptoms of infection. Retinochoroiditis occurs in about 15% of patients, and intracranial calcifications develop in about 10%. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and elevated protein values are present in 20% of patients. […] The classic clinical triad of retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcifications, and convulsions defines congenital toxoplasmosis. Other findings include the following: Hydrocephalus, Microcephaly, Organomegaly, Jaundice, Rash, Fever, Psychomotor retardation.

• #50 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Disease in neonates may be severe, particularly if acquired early in pregnancy; symptoms include jaundice, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and the characteristic tetrad of abnormalities: Bilateral retinochoroiditis, Cerebral calcifications, Hydrocephalus or microcephaly, Psychomotor retardation. […] Infections may manifest in several ways: Acute toxoplasmosis, Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis, Congenital toxoplasmosis, Ocular toxoplasmosis, Disseminated or non-CNS disease in immunocompromised patients. […] This type usually results from congenital infection that is reactivated, often during the teens and 20s, but rarely, it occurs with acquired infections. Focal necrotizing retinitis and a secondary granulomatous inflammation of the choroid occur and may cause ocular pain, blurred vision, and sometimes blindness. Relapses are common. […] Disease outside the eye and CNS is much less common and occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised patients. They may present with pneumonitis, myocarditis, polymyositis, diffuse maculopapular rash, high fevers, chills, and prostration. […] Untreated disseminated infections are usually fatal.

• #51 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  Infection during the first trimester often causes more-severe disease. It also may result in miscarriage. For some babies with toxoplasmosis, serious disease may be present at birth or appear early in infancy. Medical problems may include: Too much fluid in or around the brain, also called hydrocephalus. Severe eye infection. Irregularities in brain tissues. An enlarged liver or spleen. […] Symptoms of severe disease vary. They may include: Problems with mental or motor skills. Blindness or other vision problems. Hearing problems. Seizures. Heart disorders. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, also called jaundice. Rash. […] Most babies with toxoplasmosis do not show symptoms. But problems may show up later in childhood or teenage years. These include: Return of eye infections. Problems with motor skill development. Problems with thinking and learning. Hearing loss. Slowed growth. Early puberty. […] The symptoms of severe toxoplasmosis include blurred vision, confusion and loss of coordination. These need immediate medical care, particularly if you have a weakened immune system.

• #52 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Some babies wont have any symptoms at birth, but are at high risk for developing them later on. […] These symptoms may include: Yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), Rash, Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), Vision loss, eye pain or sensitivity to light (retinochoroiditis), Calcium deposits in their brain, Fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus), Small head size (microcephaly), Seizures, Delays in motor skill development, Learning delays or differences, Ocular toxoplasmosis. […] Because of the cysts left behind by T. gondii, toxoplasmosis may never be fully cured. […] Medication can treat an active infection, but it doesnt destroy the cysts. […] If you have a healthy immune system, the cysts shouldnt reactivate. […] But if you have a weakened immune system or if you have congenital toxoplasmosis, the parasite can reactivate and make you sick in the future.

• #53 Toxoplasmosis | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/toxoplasmosis

  Without treatment, newborns may develop problems later in life, even if they show no symptoms earlier. This can happen even 20 or 30 years later. These problems include: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (problems with how the brain works that can cause your baby trouble or delays in physical development, learning, communicating, taking care of themselves or getting along with others), Eye infections and vision problems, Pneumonia, Cerebral palsy (a group of conditions that affects the parts of the brain that control the muscles. It can cause problems with movement, posture, standing up straight and balance), Seizures or convulsions, Hearing loss.

• #54 Toxoplasmosis | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1addaddaddadd

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/toxoplasmosis

  The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that over 40 million people in the U.S. are infected with T. gondii. This infection may last for a lifetime. […] While most people don’t even know they’re infected due to a lack of symptoms, some pregnant women and many immunocompromised people are at risk of severe complications. Women infected prior to pregnancy usually will have immune protection (antibodies) against the parasite, and are not considered at risk of illness themselves, or of passing the infection to their unborn child. The situation is different for women infected for the first time while pregnant. In those cases, infection can cause complications that mostly affect the developing fetus: such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects similar to those described for feline fetuses and newborn kittens. These complications tend to be more severe if the mother is infected during the first trimester, rather than later on. Although most infected infants show no symptoms at birth, many are likely to have symptoms later in life. […] Immunocompromised people, such as those with HIV or receiving certain chemotherapy, may experience severe disease, regardless of when they were first infected. Symptoms can include fever, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, and poor coordination.

• #55 Toxoplasmosis | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/toxoplasmosis

  Without treatment, newborns may develop problems later in life, even if they show no symptoms earlier. This can happen even 20 or 30 years later. These problems include: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (problems with how the brain works that can cause your baby trouble or delays in physical development, learning, communicating, taking care of themselves or getting along with others), Eye infections and vision problems, Pneumonia, Cerebral palsy (a group of conditions that affects the parts of the brain that control the muscles. It can cause problems with movement, posture, standing up straight and balance), Seizures or convulsions, Hearing loss.

• #56 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Most people dont have symptoms when they get infected. […] But as your immune system attacks the parasite, it creates cysts in your body. […] The parasite can live inactive (dormant) in these cysts and make you sick when it reactivates at a later time. […] While most people can fight off toxoplasmosis without symptoms, a new or reactivated infection can cause life-threatening complications in someone with a weakened immune system. […] If youve had toxoplasmosis in the past, T. gondii lives in cysts in your body. […] When your immune system is weakened, it can reactivate and cause you to get sick. […] Left untreated, toxoplasmosis can cause organ damage in someone with a compromised immune system. […] This can eventually lead to death. […] The symptoms of toxoplasmosis depend on where the parasite is active.

• #57 Toxoplasmosis: Acute systemic disease – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/toxoplasmosis-acute-systemic-disease

  Toxoplasmosis, an infection with a worldwide distribution, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Immunocompetent persons with primary infection are usually asymptomatic. However, in some immunocompetent individuals, T. gondii infection can present as an acute systemic infection or as ocular disease (eg, posterior uveitis). […] After initial infection (even if asymptomatic), latent infection will persist for the life of the host. Immunocompromised individuals (eg, those with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], transplant recipients) can have reactivation of latent infection; such patients typically present with multiple central nervous system abscess-like, round processes with ring enhancement. […] This topic will discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of acute systemic disease in immunocompetent persons.

• #58 Toxoplasmosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/toxoplasmosis

  A healthy person does not usually require treatment for toxoplasmosis, as symptoms are mild and usually disappear within a few weeks. […] Symptoms, if they do occur, include: Swollen lymph glands, especially around the neck, Muscle aches and pains, Headache, Fever, Generally feeling unwell, Inflammation of the lungs, Inflammation of the heart muscle, Inflammation of the eye, for example, the retina (at the back of the eye). […] The toxoplasmosis parasite can cause a long-term infection. Following infection, a small number of parasites can remain locked inside cysts within certain parts of the body, such as the brain, lungs and muscle tissue. Such dormant infections persist for life and can reactivate in the immunosuppressed person. These patients are at risk of serious disease, with brain, heart or eye involvement, pneumonia and occasionally death.

• #59 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Most people do not have symptoms. […] Most people with healthy immune systems who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii do not know they have it because they do not have any symptoms. If you get sick, you may experience mild flu-like symptoms, including tender lymph nodes, muscle aches, and pains. […] These symptoms can last for weeks to months and then go away. However, the parasite stays in your body in an inactive state. It can relapse (reactivation of infection) if you become immunosuppressed (have a weakened immune system). […] Infants who are infected before birth often show no symptoms at birth but may develop them later in life. This can result in potential vision loss, mental disability, and seizures. […] Symptoms of ocular disease include reduced vision, blurred vision, pain (often with bright light), eye redness, and tearing.

• #60 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Most people dont have symptoms when they get infected. […] But as your immune system attacks the parasite, it creates cysts in your body. […] The parasite can live inactive (dormant) in these cysts and make you sick when it reactivates at a later time. […] While most people can fight off toxoplasmosis without symptoms, a new or reactivated infection can cause life-threatening complications in someone with a weakened immune system. […] If youve had toxoplasmosis in the past, T. gondii lives in cysts in your body. […] When your immune system is weakened, it can reactivate and cause you to get sick. […] Left untreated, toxoplasmosis can cause organ damage in someone with a compromised immune system. […] This can eventually lead to death. […] The symptoms of toxoplasmosis depend on where the parasite is active.

• #61 Toxoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/

  In immunosuppressed individuals, such as patients with HIV/AIDS and those who have received a solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation, toxoplasmosis can reactivate and present as an opportunistic infection. Patients can develop symptoms and signs of encephalitis, myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly, retinochoroiditis, and pneumonitis. […] The most common presentation of T gondii reactivation disease in patients with HIV/AIDS with CD4 lymphocyte counts less than 100 cells/L is signs and symptoms of central nervous system disease from toxoplasmic encephalitis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis usually presents with neurological symptoms based on the region of the brain involved and the number of lesions. Symptoms may include fevers, seizures, headaches, changes in vision, altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, cognitive dysfunction, ataxia, involuntary movements, and stupor and coma. […] Toxoplasmosis can cause severe life-threatening complications in immunosuppressed individuals, manifesting as toxoplasmic encephalitis or extracerebral toxoplasmosis.

• #62 Toxoplasmosis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toxoplasmosis

  If you’re pregnant, toxoplasmosis can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth. It can also cause problems for your baby, such as: hearing problems, blindness, learning problems, seizures. […] If you’re pregnant, have immune problems or have severe symptoms and think you may have toxoplasmosis, you should see your doctor immediately. […] If you’re pregnant, unwell or have a weak immune system, your doctor will recommend antibiotics. You might need to take a combination of antibiotics. […] Most healthy people will usually not need treatment. […] If your baby has been infected with toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, they may need to be treated with antibiotics. Your baby’s doctor will monitor their vision, hearing and development as they grow up. […] If you have a weakened immune system and have had toxoplasmosis in the past, the parasites remaining in your body may reactivate and can cause serious illness.

• #63 Toxoplasmosis: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/toxoplasmosis-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160761

  While symptoms rarely get worse, they can sometimes persist for weeks on end. […] Moreover, because the symptoms are so non-specific, they can easily be mistaken for other illnesses, such as the flu or infectious mononucleosis. […] Symptoms of toxoplasmic encephalitis include: Headache, Fever, Muscle weakness, Confusion, Speech and memory problems, Seizures, Personality changes, Dementia, Schizophrenia, Coma. […] Symptoms can include: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), Vomiting, Diarrhea, Feeding problems, including difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Blurring and vision problems, Hearing loss, Speech problems (dysarthria), Problem with walking, coordination, and motor skills, Developmental delays, Intellectual disability (mild to severe), Seizures. […] If left untreated, toxoplasmosis in people with HIV will almost invariably lead to death.

• #64 Toxoplasmosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis eye disease (chorioretinitis) can result from congenital or acquired (eg, foodborne or zoonotic) T. gondii infection. Eye infection leads to acute inflammation of the retina, which resolves leaving scarring. The eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. Symptoms include eye pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and blindness. […] Reactivation of toxoplasmosis can be fatal in immunocompromised patients.

• #65 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. If the central structures of the retina are involved there will be a progressive loss of vision that can lead to blindness. […] People who are immunocompromised may experience severe symptoms if they are infected with Toxoplasma. […] A person who is infected with HIV and who has either primary or reactivated Toxoplasma infection can have symptoms such as fever, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, and poor coordination.

• #66 Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/toxoplasmosis

  The chorioretinal scars of congenital ocular toxoplasmosis are generally not active. However, the encysted Toxoplasma organisms can reactivate causing inflammation, pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and increased intraocular pressure. Examination during reactivation reveals a cloud of white blood cells overlying the whitened patch of inflamed retina. In severe cases, the view into the eye is quite cloudy, and the underlying acute inflammation can be only dimly perceived.

• #67 Toxoplasmosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis eye disease (chorioretinitis) can result from congenital or acquired (eg, foodborne or zoonotic) T. gondii infection. Eye infection leads to acute inflammation of the retina, which resolves leaving scarring. The eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. Symptoms include eye pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and blindness. […] Reactivation of toxoplasmosis can be fatal in immunocompromised patients.

• #68 Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/toxoplasmosis

  The chorioretinal scars of congenital ocular toxoplasmosis are generally not active. However, the encysted Toxoplasma organisms can reactivate causing inflammation, pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and increased intraocular pressure. Examination during reactivation reveals a cloud of white blood cells overlying the whitened patch of inflamed retina. In severe cases, the view into the eye is quite cloudy, and the underlying acute inflammation can be only dimly perceived.

• #69 Toxoplasmosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis eye disease (chorioretinitis) can result from congenital or acquired (eg, foodborne or zoonotic) T. gondii infection. Eye infection leads to acute inflammation of the retina, which resolves leaving scarring. The eye disease can reactivate months or years later, each time causing more damage to the retina. Symptoms include eye pain, blurred vision, photophobia, and blindness. […] Reactivation of toxoplasmosis can be fatal in immunocompromised patients.

• #70 Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/toxoplasmosis/fact_sheet.htm

  Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a tiny parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. It can spread to humans through contact with cat feces, eating undercooked or contaminated meat, or drinking contaminated water. Most people with toxoplasmosis do not have symptoms because their immune system keeps the parasite in check. However, it can cause flu-like symptoms like fever, swollen lymph nodes, or muscle aches in some cases. […] For pregnant women or people with weak immune symptoms, the infection can be more serious, possibly harming the baby or leading to severe complications, such as inflammation of the brain and eyes. […] Most people with toxoplasmosis do not have any symptoms because their immune system keeps the parasite under control. However, if symptoms do appear, they usually show up 1 to 3 weeks after being exposed and can vary depending on your health.

• #71 Toxoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/

  In immunosuppressed individuals, such as patients with HIV/AIDS and those who have received a solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation, toxoplasmosis can reactivate and present as an opportunistic infection. Patients can develop symptoms and signs of encephalitis, myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly, retinochoroiditis, and pneumonitis. […] The most common presentation of T gondii reactivation disease in patients with HIV/AIDS with CD4 lymphocyte counts less than 100 cells/L is signs and symptoms of central nervous system disease from toxoplasmic encephalitis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis usually presents with neurological symptoms based on the region of the brain involved and the number of lesions. Symptoms may include fevers, seizures, headaches, changes in vision, altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, cognitive dysfunction, ataxia, involuntary movements, and stupor and coma. […] Toxoplasmosis can cause severe life-threatening complications in immunosuppressed individuals, manifesting as toxoplasmic encephalitis or extracerebral toxoplasmosis.

• #72 Toxoplasmosis: Symptoms, Pregnancy Risks, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/toxoplasmosis

  If your immune system is normal, toxoplasmosis is likely to not cause any complications. Youre at greater risk for serious health problems from toxoplasmosis infection if: You have HIV or AIDS, You are having chemotherapy, which affects your immune system, Youre taking steroids or other drugs with the side effect of suppressing your immune system. If you have a weakened immune system (especially because of HIV or AIDS), toxoplasmosis can be serious and cause seizures or encephalitis. People who have AIDS or encephalitis that isnt treated can die from toxoplasmosis. Children with toxoplasmosis may have hearing loss, blindness, and mental disabilities. […] For most healthy adults, toxoplasmosis doesnt pose any problems. But women who are pregnant or people with compromised immune systems will have to take special care. People with AIDS who have recovered from toxoplasmosis are at a high risk for getting it a second time. To prevent this, they must take medication as long as their immune system is compromised. Children with toxoplasmosis who are treated at birth may not show any signs of the disease. If a pregnant woman is treated, the chances of the baby getting it drops 60%.

• #73 Understanding Toxoplasmosis: Symptoms, Causes and Diagnosis and Treatment Options | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/understanding-toxoplasmosis-symptoms-causes-and-diagnosis-and-treatment-options/

  Most people who catch this infection exhibit little to no symptoms, as their healthy immune system prevents the parasite from doing much damage. Some flu-like symptoms, if any, include: Fever. Headaches. Fatigue. Body pain. Swollen lymph nodes (neck glands). […] People with weakened immune systems mean those who have had an organ transplant, have HIV/AIDS or cancer, and are receiving chemotherapy or taking medications that suppress their immune system. They are at the risk of developing: An eye infection that can cause blurry vision and eye pain. A lung infection that can cause fever, cough, shortness of breath, and tuberculosis. Brain inflammation that can cause seizures, headaches, poor coordination, and confusion. […] An expecting mother can contract toxoplasmosis before or during her pregnancy and pass this on to her child, even without exhibiting symptoms herself. Some early infections can lead to stillbirth or a miscarriage. Babies who survive are likely to be born with serious problems like: An enlarged spleen and liver Seizures Jaundice yellowing of skin whites of eyes Severe eye infections. […] A few develop symptoms after a long time, even when they are in their teens. If you are generally healthy, they remain in your body in an inactive state. But, if your immune system is weakened, the infection can be reactivated, leading to serious consequences.

• #74 Toxoplasmosis Symptoms and Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxoplasmosis/

  Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. It can live in a cat’s intestines and be spread through its feces. It also can live in dirt and on some food we eat. […] Most people do not show signs of toxoplasmosis. This is because their immune systems attack the parasite and prevent illness. You may have flu-like symptoms, such as: Fatigue, Headache, Body aches, Fever, Swollen lymph nodes (glands in your neck). […] People who have a weak immune system may have worse symptoms. These can include: Confusion, Blurry vision, Trouble with balance and coordination, Seizures, Lung problems. […] Healthy people who are not at risk do not need treatment for toxoplasmosis. Any symptoms you may have should go away within a few weeks or months. If you are pregnant or have a weak immune system, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics.

• #75 Toxoplasmosis — Jefferson OB/GYN

  https://www.jeffersonobgyn.net/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Common symptoms of toxoplasmosis include fevers, chills, sweats, headaches and body aches, and enlarged lymph nodes, among others. More than 80% of people who are infected with Toxoplasma are asymptomatic and will never know they had an infection. […] However, when a pregnant woman develops toxoplasmosis, the parasite can pass through the placenta and cause an infection in the baby. […] Newborn infections are rare, occurring in only 1 in 10,000 live births. […] Toxoplasma can be passed to your baby if you are newly infected while you are pregnant, or just before pregnancy. You may not have any symptoms from the infection, and 90% of infants born with an infection also do not have any symptoms. But the infected infants that do develop symptoms can develop blindness or other serious brain and central nervous system disorders. Infections earlier in pregnancy are usually more severe than ones that occur later in a pregnancy.

• #76 Toxoplasmosis Symptoms and Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxoplasmosis/

  Women who get toxoplasmosis while pregnant are at risk of passing it to their unborn babies. In most cases, infected babies are born healthy but may have future health issues. These include damage to the eyes and brain. […] Women who were infected at least 6 to 9 months before pregnancy should have immunity. This means the infection will not be active during pregnancy, and the risk of passing it to your baby is low.

• #77 Toxoplasmosis | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/toxoplasmosis

  Most times, there are no symptoms so you may not know that you have toxoplasmosis. […] Symptoms can include eye infections, swollen glands, liver or spleen, or jaundice. […] You may not know if you have the infection. Many times there are no symptoms. For some people, it feels like the flu. Symptoms can include: Achy muscles, Headache, Fatigue (tiredness), Fever, Swollen glands, Blurry vision, Eye redness. […] Most babies born with toxoplasmosis have no symptoms. But about 1 in 10 babies (10 percent) with the infection are born with problems, including: Eye infections or eye inflammation, Swollen liver and spleen, Jaundice (when a baby’s eyes and skin look yellow.), Seizures or convulsions, Fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus), Swollen lymph nodes, Large head size (macrocephaly) or smaller-than-normal head size (microcephaly), Feeding problems, Low birthweight, Skin rash or bruising.

• #78 Toxoplasmosis – MotherToBaby

  https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/toxoplasmosis-pregnancy/

  Most adults who are infected with toxoplasmosis have no symptoms. Some people might have swelling of the lymph nodes, fever, headache, or muscle pain. […] Toxoplasmosis infection can be passed to the fetus when the woman who is pregnant has an active infection during pregnancy. When a woman is pregnant and passes an infection to the fetus, it is called vertical transmission. […] Infants with congenital toxoplasmosis (up to 90%) can develop problems over time, such as vision loss, seizures, hearing loss, or developmental delays. These symptoms can occur months or years after birth. […] One study suggested that toxoplasmosis might increase the chance of pregnancy-related problems such as preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] An increased chance of stillbirth has been reported in women with active toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy.

• #79 Toxoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/extraintestinal-protozoa/toxoplasmosis

  Most patients with AIDS or other immunocompromised patients who develop toxoplasmosis present with encephalitis and ring-enhancing intracranial mass lesions seen on CT or MRI scans, both with contrast. Risk is greatest among those with CD4 counts of 200/mcL. These patients typically have headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma, fever, and sometimes focal neurologic deficits, such as motor or sensory loss, cranial nerve palsies, visual abnormalities, and focal seizures. […] Congenital toxoplasmosis results from a primary, often asymptomatic infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy. Women infected before conception ordinarily do not transmit toxoplasmosis to the fetus unless the infection is reactivated during pregnancy by immunosuppression. Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or birth defects may occur. The percentage of surviving fetuses born with toxoplasmosis depends on when maternal infection is acquired; it increases from 15% during the 1st trimester to 30% during the 2nd to 60% during the 3rd. The severity of congenital diseases decreases if the mother becomes infected later in pregnancy.

• #80 Toxoplasmosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249

  Infection during the first trimester often causes more-severe disease. It also may result in miscarriage. For some babies with toxoplasmosis, serious disease may be present at birth or appear early in infancy. Medical problems may include: Too much fluid in or around the brain, also called hydrocephalus. Severe eye infection. Irregularities in brain tissues. An enlarged liver or spleen. […] Symptoms of severe disease vary. They may include: Problems with mental or motor skills. Blindness or other vision problems. Hearing problems. Seizures. Heart disorders. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, also called jaundice. Rash. […] Most babies with toxoplasmosis do not show symptoms. But problems may show up later in childhood or teenage years. These include: Return of eye infections. Problems with motor skill development. Problems with thinking and learning. Hearing loss. Slowed growth. Early puberty. […] The symptoms of severe toxoplasmosis include blurred vision, confusion and loss of coordination. These need immediate medical care, particularly if you have a weakened immune system.

• #81 Toxoplasmosis: Symptoms, Pregnancy Risks, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/baby/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis symptoms in babies […] Babies may get toxoplasmosis if the mother has been infected just before or during the pregnancy, even if they dont have signs of the disease. Many early infections end in stillbirth or miscarriage. If the baby survives, they may have serious problems like: Seizures, Enlarged liver or spleen, Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes), Serious eye infections. Often, babies with toxoplasmosis dont show any signs of it at birth. The symptoms (like hearing loss, mental disability, or severe eye infections) show up in the teen years. […] Toxoplasmosis symptoms in older children and adults […] Symptoms of toxoplasmosis can feel a lot like the flu. They include: Headaches, Body aches, Fever, Feeling more tired than usual. If your immune system isnt working like it should because of another health problem, you also may have more serious symptoms, such as: Confusion, Lack of coordination, Seizures, Trouble breathing, Blurred vision.

• #82 Toxoplasmosis in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/toxoplasmosis-in-newborns

  The fetus may grow slowly and be born prematurely. […] At birth, newborns usually do not have symptoms, but they may have a number of problems, including small head (microcephaly), brain inflammation, jaundice (a yellow color of the skin or whites of the eyes), enlarged liver and spleen, inflammation of the heart, lungs, or eyes, and rash. […] Inflammation of the eyes (chorioretinitis) can result in blindness. Severe neurologic problems, including seizures, may occur. Some children have intellectual disability. […] Some children have a severe infection and die early, whereas others survive but have long-term neurologic problems. Occasionally, neurologic problems (such as intellectual disability, deafness, and seizures) or eye problems such as chorioretinitis, develop years later in children who appeared normal at birth. Therefore, children with congenital toxoplasmosis should be closely monitored by doctors beyond infancy.

• #83 Toxoplasmosis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/toxoplasmosis.html

  If a woman develops toxoplasmosis during pregnancy or within six weeks before becoming pregnant, her child may be born with congenital toxoplasmosis. The child often does not have any symptoms at birth. However, a thorough exam usually will uncover signs of infection in the infant’s eyes. Other symptoms in newborns can include: […] In addition, congenital toxoplasmosis increases the risk of fetal death or premature birth. […] People with AIDS who have recovered from acute toxoplasmosis are at high risk of future episodes, because the dormant parasite may be reactivated. […] Many congenital toxoplasmosis cases can be cured with medications. Even children who had severe infections at birth may never show signs of severe long-term damage if they are diagnosed and treated early. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can contribute to a poor prognosis.

• #84 Toxoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9756-toxoplasmosis

  Most people dont have symptoms when they get infected. […] But as your immune system attacks the parasite, it creates cysts in your body. […] The parasite can live inactive (dormant) in these cysts and make you sick when it reactivates at a later time. […] While most people can fight off toxoplasmosis without symptoms, a new or reactivated infection can cause life-threatening complications in someone with a weakened immune system. […] If youve had toxoplasmosis in the past, T. gondii lives in cysts in your body. […] When your immune system is weakened, it can reactivate and cause you to get sick. […] Left untreated, toxoplasmosis can cause organ damage in someone with a compromised immune system. […] This can eventually lead to death. […] The symptoms of toxoplasmosis depend on where the parasite is active.

• #85 Toxoplasmosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis

  Infections with toxoplasmosis are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric and behavioral conditions. […] Occasionally, people may have a few weeks or months of mild, flu-like illness such as muscle aches and tender lymph nodes. […] In a small number of people, eye problems may develop. […] In those with a weakened immune system, severe symptoms such as seizures and poor coordination may occur. […] If a person becomes infected during pregnancy, a condition known as congenital toxoplasmosis may affect the child. […] Acute toxoplasmosis is often asymptomatic in healthy adults. […] However, symptoms may manifest and are often influenza-like: swollen lymph nodes, headaches, fever, and fatigue, or muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. […] It is rare for a human with a fully functioning immune system to develop severe symptoms following infection.

• #86 Toxoplasmosis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis is a very common disease caused by a parasite. Most of the time it does not cause any symptoms. However, if you catch it while you’re pregnant, it can harm your baby. […] You can have toxoplasmosis and have no symptoms. […] If you do have symptoms, you might feel like you have the flu, with fever, swollen glands, headaches or muscle pains. The symptoms will usually go away within a few days or weeks. […] However, if you have a weakened immune system, the illness can be serious. Symptoms may include: fever, headache, seizures, blurred vision, confusion, problems with coordination. […] Toxoplasmosis can also affect your mental health. People with toxoplasmosis are more likely to display aggressive behaviour or become more introverted. They are also more likely to develop mental health illnesses such as schizophrenia.

• #87 Toxoplasmosis Symptoms, Treatment, Tests & Pregnancy Info

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/toxoplasmosis/article_em.htm

  Most people infected with Toxoplasma are asymptomatic. […] Those who develop symptoms usually have cervical lymph node swelling and flu-like symptoms that resolve in a few weeks or months without treatment. […] The organism remains in the body in a latent state and may reactivate if the person becomes immunocompromised. […] For example, patients with AIDS can develop lesions in the brain due to Toxoplasma reactivation. […] Chemotherapy patients can develop eye, heart (myocarditis), lung or brain involvement when parasites become reactivated. […] Congenital Toxoplasma infections can cause serious eye, ear, and brain damage at birth. […] However, congenital infections may be asymptomatic until the first few years of life or even until the second or third decade when eye (decreased vision or blindness), ear (hearing loss), or brain damage symptoms (encephalitis, seizures, mental-status changes) develop.

• #88 Toxoplasmosis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/toxoplasmosis.html

  In people with normal immune defenses, up to 90% of cases of toxoplasmosis do not cause any symptoms, so the infection often is not recognized. In the relatively few cases in which symptoms do develop, the most common symptoms are: […] In rare cases, patients also have experienced muscle aches, sore throat, abdominal pain, rash, or neurological symptoms. […] In people with weakened immune systems, especially those with AIDS, symptoms of toxoplasmosis are often brain-related and severe. These symptoms can include: […] Also, if toxoplasmosis affects the eyes of a person with a weakened immune system, there may be blurred vision, „spots” in the field of vision, eye pain, and extreme sensitivity to light. If toxoplasmosis affects the lungs, there can be shortness of breath, fever, a dry cough, coughing up of blood, and eventually respiratory failure.

• #89 Toxoplasmosis: Acute systemic disease – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/toxoplasmosis-acute-systemic-disease

  Toxoplasmosis, an infection with a worldwide distribution, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Immunocompetent persons with primary infection are usually asymptomatic. However, in some immunocompetent individuals, T. gondii infection can present as an acute systemic infection or as ocular disease (eg, posterior uveitis). […] After initial infection (even if asymptomatic), latent infection will persist for the life of the host. Immunocompromised individuals (eg, those with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], transplant recipients) can have reactivation of latent infection; such patients typically present with multiple central nervous system abscess-like, round processes with ring enhancement. […] This topic will discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of acute systemic disease in immunocompetent persons.

• #90 Toxoplasmosis | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/t/toxoplasmosis

  Toxoplasmosis may cause flu-like symptoms but most people affected don’t develop any symptoms so dont realise they have it. […] Some people have flu-like symptoms, which normally get better on their own within about 6 days. Symptoms are more common and more severe in people with weakened immune systems. In these cases, symptoms may include confusion, seizures, poor coordination, blurred vision and lung pain. […] Once you have had toxoplasmosis you are normally immune for the rest of your life. However, if your immune system becomes weakened, the infection may become active again.

• #91 Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/index.html

  Most people do not have symptoms. […] Most people with healthy immune systems who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii do not know they have it because they do not have any symptoms. If you get sick, you may experience mild flu-like symptoms, including tender lymph nodes, muscle aches, and pains. […] These symptoms can last for weeks to months and then go away. However, the parasite stays in your body in an inactive state. It can relapse (reactivation of infection) if you become immunosuppressed (have a weakened immune system). […] Infants who are infected before birth often show no symptoms at birth but may develop them later in life. This can result in potential vision loss, mental disability, and seizures. […] Symptoms of ocular disease include reduced vision, blurred vision, pain (often with bright light), eye redness, and tearing.

• #92 Toxoplasmosis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxoplasmosis.html

  When someone gets toxoplasmosis, the parasite remains in the body for life. It’s usually not a problem, though. In most cases, people don’t even know they’re infected because they don’t have any symptoms. […] In otherwise healthy children, toxoplasmosis can look like the flu or mono. Symptoms can include: fever, swollen glands (lymph nodes), body aches, headache, tiredness. […] Babies with congenital toxoplasmosis often don’t have any symptoms at birth. But problems might show up months or years later. They can range from mild to severe: vision problems and even blindness from injury to the retina (back of the eye), brain damage leading to developmental delay, seizures, hearing loss, limp muscle tone, or an unusually large or small head, fever, swollen glands, jaundice (yellowed skin and eyes), rash, problems with blood cells, such as anemia or thrombocytopenia, a large liver or spleen.

• #93 Congenital Toxoplasmosis | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-toxoplasmosis

  Many (up to 90 percent of) babies born with congenital toxoplasmosis experience no immediate symptoms. However, one sign of infection is a premature birth or an abnormally low birth weight. […] As an infected baby grows, more signs and symptoms can appear. These may include the following: swollen lymph nodes, bruises, jaundice, anemia, enlarged liver or spleen. […] Toxoplasmosis can also cause some more serious problems, including the following: retinal damage, hydrocephalus a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, intracranial calcifications these indicate areas of the brain that have been damaged by the parasite, and are often linked to the following conditions: intellectual disabilities, seizures, motor and developmental delays, hearing loss. […] If your child is treated early, there should be no serious consequences of toxoplasmosis. However, if treatment is delayed, your child may suffer some serious health problems as a result of the infection.

• #94 Congenital Toxoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545228/

  Term newborns usually present with a milder form of the disease with symptoms such as hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In comparison, preterm newborns exhibit severe symptoms. The classic triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and cerebral calcifications presents in a limited number of infected newborns. The symptoms are generally severe and clinically apparent when the mother acquires the infection in the first trimester and receives no treatment. Some severely affected may die in utero or a few days after birth. The signs and symptoms of severe disease include: […] Infants with mild or subclinical infection are at risk for late sequelae such as: […] Prenatal treatment of toxoplasmosis reduces the risk of severe presentation and late neurological sequelae. The prognosis of untreated toxoplasmosis is very poor, resulting in vision deficits, neurological deficits, and severe developmental delays. […] Complications of untreated congenital toxoplasmosis include:

• #95 Toxoplasmosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/toxoplasmosis/

  Most people who get toxoplasmosis get better without treatment. […] However, you’ll usually be given medicines, including antibiotics, if you: are pregnant, have a weakened immune system, for example, you’re taking immunosuppressant medicines or you have HIV, have symptoms affecting your eyes. […] Newborn babies with toxoplasmosis are also treated with antibiotics and sometimes other medicines to treat the symptoms.

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