Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pediatric Hypospadias – MU Health Care

  https://www.muhealth.org/conditions-treatments/pediatrics/pediatric-urology/hypospadias

  Hypospadias occurs when the urethra does not properly grow in the penis. As a result, the urethral hole (or meatus) will appear on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. […] Hypospadias does not cause pain or block urine from exiting the body, but it can cause urinary incontinence, sexual disfunction and infertility. Furthermore, it can cause chordee a condition in which the penis is bent downward and it often causes the underside of the foreskin to not properly grow. However, a circumcision should not be performed at birth if your child has hypospadias, as the foreskin may be used during surgery to repair his penis. […] Unless the hypospadias is very minor, MU Health Cares pediatric urology team strongly recommends scheduling a surgery to repair this condition. […] To repair hypospadias, we sedate your child and use tissue from near the end of his penis to create the missing urethra. Distal hypospadias patients often go home the same day as their procedure. Proximal hypospadias can be more difficult to repair, and patients sometimes require a follow-up procedure after the first surgery.

• #2 Hypospadias | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/hypospadias

  Hypospadias is a common birth defect in which the opening of the tube that carries urine from the body (urethra) develops abnormally, usually on the underside of the penis. This occurs in about 8/1000 male births. The incidence of hypospadias in the United States is increasing as well as is the percentage of more severe cases. […] There is no medical management for hypospadias. It must be treated with surgery. In occasional cases where it is determined that the shorter penile length could complicate adequate surgical repair of hypospadias, pre-surgical testosterone injections can be considered. […] The goal of the surgery is both functional — a straight penis with urine hole (urethral meatus) at the end of the penis — and cosmetic. There are many different types of hypospadias surgeries. More severe (proximal) cases sometimes require a 2 stage approach with each stage 6 months apart. With all boys it is advised to perform hypospadias repair between 6-18 months of age.

• #3 Hypospadias & Chordee | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hypospadias-chordee

  Hypospadias is a common structural difference of the penis where the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body) is on the underside rather than the tip of the penis. The opening can be located anywhere on the undersurface of the penis to the scrotum. […] A condition called chordee is often seen with hypospadias. Chordee is a downward curve of the penis. This can occur with or without a hypospadias. […] Some patients with hypospadias do not undergo any treatment besides observation, due to no symptoms or patient / family preference. Surgical treatment of hypospadias and chordee can change the appearance of the penis and is desired by some patient / families after discussion with their doctor. […] Surgery can often correct hypospadias. The care team may recommend surgery to: Bring the urethral opening to the tip of the penis. This allows a controlled stream of urine while standing.

• #4 Hypospadias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypospadias

  Hypospadias surgery involves rebuilding the urethra so that it extends into the head of the penis as well as straightening any curvature of the penis. […] If hypospadias repair surgery is indicated, we typically recommend repair between 6 and 18 months of age. This is a time period during which children are less aware of and less interested in their genitalia, which leads to an easier recovery. […] Some children will require surgery outside of this time frame. Our team has extensive experience treating patients of all ages with hypospadias. We perform approximately 300 hypospadias surgeries each year. […] It is important to note that not all individuals require surgery for hypospadias. When there is no penile curvature and the urethral opening is near the tip of the penis there may be minimal benefit to surgery.

• #5 Hypospadias | Birth Defects | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/hypospadias.html

  Hypospadias can lead to problems later in life if untreated. Examples are difficulty performing sexual intercourse or difficulty urinating while standing. […] Treatment for hypospadias depends on the type of defect the boy has. Most cases of hypospadias will need surgery to correct the defect. […] Boys usually have surgery between the ages of 3-18 months old if needed. In some cases, their surgeries are in stages. Some of the repairs done during the surgery may be placing the opening of the urethra in the right place, correcting the curve in the penis, and repairing the skin around the opening of the urethra. […] The doctor might need to use the foreskin to make some of the repairs. This means doctors should not circumcise baby boys with hypospadias.

• #6 Hypospadias repair Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/surgery/hypospadias-repair

  The surgeon will use a small piece of foreskin or tissue from another site to create a tube that increases the length of the urethra. Extending the length of the urethra will allow it to open at the tip of the penis. […] During surgery, the surgeon may place a catheter (tube) in the urethra to make it hold its new shape. The catheter may be sewn or fastened to the head of the penis to keep it in place. It will be removed 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. […] Most of the stitches used during surgery will dissolve on their own and will not have to be removed later. […] Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects in boys. This surgery is performed on most boys who are born with the problem. […] If the repair is not done, problems may occur later on such as: Difficulty controlling and directing urine stream, A curve in the penis during erection, Decreased fertility, Embarrassment about appearance of penis.

• #7 Hypospadias | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/pediatric-urology/conditions-we-treat/hypospadias

  Hypospadias is repaired through a surgical procedure. When the repair is performed, the urethra is extended to the tip of the penis to its normal location. In addition, any bend is straightened. This is important for many reasons. When the opening is too ventral (underside), a male is unable to stand and urinate like other boys. It is harmful to a boy’s normal social development to have to sit while he urinates. Additionally, a straight phallus is essential for normal reproductive health and sexual function. […] The treatment of hypospadias is always surgical. Initially when the child is born and hypospadias is identified, it is important to delay any thoughts of circumcision until seen by a urologist. This is because the foreskin can provide essential additional skin needed to reconstruct the urethra.

• #8 Hypospadias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypospadias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355153

  Your child’s pediatrician can diagnose hypospadias based on a physical exam. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your hypospadias-related health concerns. […] Most often, babies with hypospadias are diagnosed while still in the hospital after birth. If your baby has hypospadias, you’ll likely be referred to a pediatric urologist. Here’s some information to help you get ready for your appointment. […] Your child will need a couple of visits to the surgeon after surgery. After that, regular follow-up with your child’s pediatric urologist is recommended after toilet training and at puberty to check for healing and possible complications.

• #9 Hypospadias: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/urology/hypospadias/treatment

  Hypospadias is typically diagnosed soon after birth, during a newborns first physical exam. Once detected, a pediatrician will refer you to a pediatric urologist to discuss treatment options. […] Hypospadias treatments typically involve surgery, usually performed at 6 to 12 months. Hypospadias surgery can reposition the urethral opening and, if necessary, straighten the shaft of the penis. Minor cases of hypospadias do not require surgery. […] Infants born with hypospadias should not be circumcised, as the extra foreskin may be needed for the repair. […] After surgery, a small tube (catheter) will be placed in the urethra, and the area will be wrapped with bandages. The catheter and bandages must stay in place for a few days or up to 2 weeks. You may notice some swelling and bruising at the site.

• #10 10.03 Epispadias and Hypospadias | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/10-03-epispadias-and-hypospadias

  Hypospadias (Image) […] Hypospadias is when the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. […] One one of the biggest problems with hypospadias is it can cause something called chordee (corday). […] Every newborn will undergo a thorough assessment looking for any signs of congenital anomalies. […] For male newborns, its important to assess the urethra and its placement, by pulling for foreskin back. […] These patients need reconstructive surgery. […] These babies should not be circumcised at birth because the foreskin can be used in the reconstructive process. […] 6-12 months is the preferred age to perform the surgery. […] Post-op for these procedures is no walk in the park. […] A stent will probably be left in place for 5-10 days as the urethra heals. […] And pain management is super important because bladder spasms are pretty common.

• #11 Hypospadias

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20228088

  Hypospadias is common and doesn’t cause difficulty in caring for your baby. […] Surgery usually can create a typical looking penis that works properly. […] With successful treatment of hypospadias, most men can pass urine properly. […] And with successful hypospadias treatment, the condition won’t block sperm from fertilizing an egg. […] Your child’s pediatrician can diagnose hypospadias based on a physical exam. […] You’ll likely be referred to a surgeon who specializes in genital and urinary conditions, called a pediatric urologist, for more evaluation. […] Treatment usually involves surgery to put the urethral opening at the tip of the penis. […] Surgery usually takes place between the ages of 6 and 12 months. […] For most forms of hypospadias, treatment involves a single surgery that’s done on an outpatient basis.

• #12 Hypospadias Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-treatment

  The goals of surgical treatment of hypospadias are as follows: To create a straight penis by repairing any curvature (orthoplasty); To create a urethra that opens at the tip of the penis (urethroplasty) with a natural slitlike configuration (meatus); To re-form the glans into a more natural conical configuration (glansplasty); To achieve cosmetically acceptable penile skin coverage; To create a normal-appearing scrotum. […] The resulting penis should be suitable for future sexual intercourse, should enable the patient to void while standing, and should present an acceptable cosmetic appearance. […] It is clear that repairs that are more proximal are associated with a greater incidence of complications. […] Urethrocutaneous fistulization is a major concern in hypospadias repair. The rate of fistula formation is generally less than 10% for most single-stage repairs but rises with the severity of hypospadias, approaching 40% with complex reoperative efforts. […] Consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist is indicated in cases where a child may be suspected of having a disorder (difference) of sex development (DSD).

• #13 Hypospadias Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-treatment

  The goals of surgical treatment of hypospadias are as follows: To create a straight penis by repairing any curvature (orthoplasty); To create a urethra that opens at the tip of the penis (urethroplasty) with a natural slitlike configuration (meatus); To re-form the glans into a more natural conical configuration (glansplasty); To achieve cosmetically acceptable penile skin coverage; To create a normal-appearing scrotum. […] The resulting penis should be suitable for future sexual intercourse, should enable the patient to void while standing, and should present an acceptable cosmetic appearance. […] It is clear that repairs that are more proximal are associated with a greater incidence of complications. […] Urethrocutaneous fistulization is a major concern in hypospadias repair. The rate of fistula formation is generally less than 10% for most single-stage repairs but rises with the severity of hypospadias, approaching 40% with complex reoperative efforts. […] Consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist is indicated in cases where a child may be suspected of having a disorder (difference) of sex development (DSD).

• #14 Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5332236/

  In this article, we present the current approach to hypospadias, a review of the classification, preoperative evaluation, and factors that enable decision-making during surgery. We will then discuss patient-reported outcomes, evaluating the patients and parents perspectives regarding hypospadias repair. […] The surgical management of hypospadias aims to achieve: A straight penis with a slit-shaped and adequate caliber meatus at the apex of the glans, A conical reconfigured glans, Either a circumcised appearance of the penis or if the parents opt for preputial reconstruction, a foreskin that is complete circumferentially and easily retractable, An acceptable cosmetic outcome judged objectively. […] The physical examination of a child with hypospadias yields key information that allows operative planning.

• #15 Hypospadias Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-treatment

  The treatment for hypospadias is surgical repair. Repair is generally performed for functional and cosmetic reasons. The more proximally ectopic the position of the urethral meatus, the more likely the urinary stream is to be deflected downward, which may necessitate urination in a seated position. Any element of ventral curvature (chordee) can further deflect the urinary stream. The abnormal deflection of ejaculate may preclude effective insemination, and significant chordee can preclude vaginal insertion of the penis or can be associated with inherently painful erections. […] Minor cases of hypospadias, in which the meatus is located distal to the corona on the glans, may not require surgical repair and may simply be managed with observation. It must be kept in mind, however, that although the most minor forms of hypospadias are insignificant in physiologic terms, they too may merit repair on the basis of the potential long-term psychological stress associated with having abnormal genitalia.

• #16 Hypospadias | Experienced Pediatric Urologists | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/pediatric-treatments/pediatric-urology/hypospadias

  Duke Children’s pediatric urologists treat all types of hypospadias, including complex hypospadias. We offer the highest level of care, achieve excellent results, and give your child the best-possible start to help them feel confident and healthy. […] When treating hypospadias, our team has three main goals: Your child is able to stand up to urinate. A straight penis with an opening at or near the tip to allow for normal sexual function and fertility in adulthood. A good cosmetic appearance so the child has good self-esteem and better quality of life. […] When surgery is necessary, it is usually done between six and 18 months of age, when anesthesia is safe and the penis has completed its initial growth phase. Our pediatric urologists have advanced experience treating hypospadias, so we explain all your options and offer guidance to help you decide whats right for your son.

• #17 Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5332236/

  Preoperative androgen stimulation in the form of systemic testosterone, topical testosterone, and derivatives like dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been used to stimulate glans size preoperatively to allow better tubularization of the urethral plate and decrease the incidence of glans dehiscence. […] Surgical intervention for hypospadias can be performed at any age, however, most authors recommend operative intervention at 6-18 months. […] The operative steps of hypospadias surgery involve penile degloving, correction of VC (orthoplasty), reconstruction of the urethra (urethroplasty), providing a vascularized coverage for the urethroplasty, reconstruction of the glans (glansplasty), and finally a cosmetic skin coverage to create a circumcised penile appearance.

• #18 Hypospadias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypospadias

  At birth, we typically advise against circumcision, as the extra foreskin may be needed at the time of the surgical repair. […] Hypospadias surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis and rarely requires an overnight hospital stay. […] For some patients we recommend one or two pre-operative injections of testosterone to help increase the size of the penis prior to surgery to help improve surgical outcomes. […] There are many different surgical approaches used to correct hypospadias. The method of hypospadias repair depends on the surgeons assessment, which includes the location of the meatus, the degree of curvature of the penis, the quality of the penile skin, and whether there has been any prior surgery to the penis. […] Our techniques have been refined over the years to significantly improve the surgical outcomes of our patients with hypospadias.

• #19

  https://www.mumsnet.com/talk/childrens_health/955242-Pre-and-post-op-hypospadias-advice

  The hardest bit is keeping the poo away from the dressing!!! […] I am definatley glad that DS had the op whilst he is too young to remember it. I think the whole thing would have been much more difficult if he had been older, more stressed about it and more difficult to keep him amused with all the waiting around. […] My son is due his Hypospadias operation on the 27th of June, this is the 3rd date we have, as the hospital had to cancel the first 2. […] It was very hard to go through the whole process again for the second time.

• #20 Hypospadias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypospadias

  At birth, we typically advise against circumcision, as the extra foreskin may be needed at the time of the surgical repair. […] Hypospadias surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis and rarely requires an overnight hospital stay. […] For some patients we recommend one or two pre-operative injections of testosterone to help increase the size of the penis prior to surgery to help improve surgical outcomes. […] There are many different surgical approaches used to correct hypospadias. The method of hypospadias repair depends on the surgeons assessment, which includes the location of the meatus, the degree of curvature of the penis, the quality of the penile skin, and whether there has been any prior surgery to the penis. […] Our techniques have been refined over the years to significantly improve the surgical outcomes of our patients with hypospadias.

• #21 Hypospadias Repair Experts | Hypospadias Specialty Center

  https://hypospadias.com/

  Hypospadias Specialty Center is the only practice in North America dedicated to hypospadias care. […] A licensed therapist also works with us to assist parents and patients coping with hypospadias. […] We repair hypospadias virtually every day of the week. […] Dr. Snodgrass developed the TIP repair, popularly known as the Snodgrass technique, which is the most commonly used operation in the world for hypospadias. […] They emphasize the need to get the operation right the very first time. […] Hypospadias repair requires a surgical assistant, which in most places is either a urology trainee or a nurse. […] Our team also includes an experienced pediatric anesthesiologist and pediatric nurses to care for your son. […] Surgery is usually recommended to restore normal appearance and function, and the most common operation performed world-wide is the TIP repair, also known as the Snodgrass procedure.

• #22 Hypospadias – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias

  Surgery is not always required for minor hypospadias like glanular hypospadias and coronal hypospadias if the meatus is of good caliber, urine flow is in good stream forwardly directed. […] Hypospadias repair is done under general anesthesia, most often supplemented by a nerve block to the penis or a caudal block to reduce the general anesthesia needed, and to minimize discomfort after surgery. […] Today, the most common operation, known as the tubularized incised plate or „TIP” repair, rolls the urethral plate from the low meatus to the end of the glans. […] Most distal and many proximal hypospadias are corrected in a single operation. However, those with the most severe condition having a urinary opening in the scrotum and downward bending of the penis are often corrected in a two-stage operation.

• #23 Hypospadias – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias

  Surgery is not always required for minor hypospadias like glanular hypospadias and coronal hypospadias if the meatus is of good caliber, urine flow is in good stream forwardly directed. […] Hypospadias repair is done under general anesthesia, most often supplemented by a nerve block to the penis or a caudal block to reduce the general anesthesia needed, and to minimize discomfort after surgery. […] Today, the most common operation, known as the tubularized incised plate or „TIP” repair, rolls the urethral plate from the low meatus to the end of the glans. […] Most distal and many proximal hypospadias are corrected in a single operation. However, those with the most severe condition having a urinary opening in the scrotum and downward bending of the penis are often corrected in a two-stage operation.

• #24 Hypospadias Repair: Purpose, Procedure, Risks & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15991-hypospadias-repair

  A hypospadias repair may be a one- or two-stage procedure based on severity. […] After a hypospadias repair, a healthcare provider covers your child’s stitches with bandages and secure the stent. […] Healthcare providers will give you instructions on how to help your child recover, especially for the first week after surgery. They may prescribe your child medication to relieve pain. […] Most repairs last a lifetime, and your child’s penis will function normally and healthily. […] The advantages of hypospadias repair include: Reconstructing your child’s urethra to the tip of their penis to allow for normal peeing and ejaculating. […] It’s important for your child to take it easy for a few weeks after hypospadias repair to ensure proper healing. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child experiences any complications or abnormal symptoms after a hypospadias repair.

• #25 Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5332236/

  Preoperative androgen stimulation in the form of systemic testosterone, topical testosterone, and derivatives like dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been used to stimulate glans size preoperatively to allow better tubularization of the urethral plate and decrease the incidence of glans dehiscence. […] Surgical intervention for hypospadias can be performed at any age, however, most authors recommend operative intervention at 6-18 months. […] The operative steps of hypospadias surgery involve penile degloving, correction of VC (orthoplasty), reconstruction of the urethra (urethroplasty), providing a vascularized coverage for the urethroplasty, reconstruction of the glans (glansplasty), and finally a cosmetic skin coverage to create a circumcised penile appearance.

• #26 Pediatric Hypospadias – MU Health Care

  https://www.muhealth.org/conditions-treatments/pediatrics/pediatric-urology/hypospadias

  Before surgery, your child might be prescribed testosterone cream. Applying it to his penis will result in short-term growth, providing the surgeon with more tissue and better blood supply. […] Once hypospadias is repaired, most boys have normal penile function and a normal look. Long-term studies show that boys also excel emotionally after this procedure.

• #27 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-and-epispadias/

  Hypospadias and epispadias are congenital urogenital anomalies that present unique challenges for nursing professionals in providing comprehensive care and support. […] Nursing management of a child with hypospadias or epispadias include: […] Assessment of a child with hypospadias or epispadias include the following: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care plan goals for a child with hypospadias and/or epispadias are: […] Nursing interventions for the child are: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a patient with hypospadias and epispadias include:

• #28 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hypospadias and epispadias. Learn about the nursing assessment, nursing interventions, goals and nursing diagnosis for hypospadias and epispadias in this guide. […] Nursing care plan and management for a child with hypospadias or epispadias include improving the childs physical appearance, ensuring a positive body image, providing relief of pain and discomfort, decreasing parental anxiety, and absence of complications (bleeding, infection, catheter obstruction, and sexual dysfunction). […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hypospadias and epispadias: Hypospadias nursing priorities: Assess and manage pain, Promote wound healing and infection prevention, Provide education on postoperative care and hygiene, Support the child and family emotionally throughout the surgical and recovery process.

• #29 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will experience decreased pain as evidenced by infrequent crying episodes and exhibit a normal sleeping pattern. The child will experience improved urinary elimination. The parent will experience less anxiety. The child will remain free from infection as evidenced by a clean and intact wound without redness, edema, odor, or drainage and negative urine culture. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hypospadias and epispadias may include: Assess the location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, location, and severity of the pain; Observe for verbal and nonverbal cues. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which can increase the risk of bacterial entry into the urinary system. It is important to educate patients and their families about the signs and symptoms of UTIs, promote good hygiene practices, and encourage adequate fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias may experience anxiety due to the uncertainty and stress associated with undergoing surgery and the potential impact on their body image and sexual function.

• #30 Nursing Management of Patient with Hypospadiasis & epispadias | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-hypospadiasis-epispadias/251308307

  In the newborn, a meatomy (extending the urethra to a normal position) may initially be performed to establish better urinary function. […] Children with hypospadias should not be circumcised, because at the time of plastic repair, the surgeon may wish to use a portion of the foreskin. […] The surgical area should be dry, clean free from infection if the UTI does not occur the repair should achieve the goals of therapy. […] Provide psychological support to the parents […] Assess the severity of risk factors […] Keep the environment clean […] Provide prophylactic medication as per doctor’s prescription […] Change the position frequently to prevent tissue breakdown […] Teach about the home care […] The nursing can assist the family members for problem solving […] Knowledge deficit regarding chronic illness Assess the knowledge status of the parents […] NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective sexual pattern r/t urethra opens on the under surface of penis and curved penis

• #31 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hypospadias and epispadias. Learn about the nursing assessment, nursing interventions, goals and nursing diagnosis for hypospadias and epispadias in this guide. […] Nursing care plan and management for a child with hypospadias or epispadias include improving the childs physical appearance, ensuring a positive body image, providing relief of pain and discomfort, decreasing parental anxiety, and absence of complications (bleeding, infection, catheter obstruction, and sexual dysfunction). […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hypospadias and epispadias: Hypospadias nursing priorities: Assess and manage pain, Promote wound healing and infection prevention, Provide education on postoperative care and hygiene, Support the child and family emotionally throughout the surgical and recovery process.

• #32 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will experience decreased pain as evidenced by infrequent crying episodes and exhibit a normal sleeping pattern. The child will experience improved urinary elimination. The parent will experience less anxiety. The child will remain free from infection as evidenced by a clean and intact wound without redness, edema, odor, or drainage and negative urine culture. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hypospadias and epispadias may include: Assess the location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, location, and severity of the pain; Observe for verbal and nonverbal cues. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which can increase the risk of bacterial entry into the urinary system. It is important to educate patients and their families about the signs and symptoms of UTIs, promote good hygiene practices, and encourage adequate fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias may experience anxiety due to the uncertainty and stress associated with undergoing surgery and the potential impact on their body image and sexual function.

• #33 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will experience decreased pain as evidenced by infrequent crying episodes and exhibit a normal sleeping pattern. The child will experience improved urinary elimination. The parent will experience less anxiety. The child will remain free from infection as evidenced by a clean and intact wound without redness, edema, odor, or drainage and negative urine culture. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hypospadias and epispadias may include: Assess the location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, location, and severity of the pain; Observe for verbal and nonverbal cues. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which can increase the risk of bacterial entry into the urinary system. It is important to educate patients and their families about the signs and symptoms of UTIs, promote good hygiene practices, and encourage adequate fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias may experience anxiety due to the uncertainty and stress associated with undergoing surgery and the potential impact on their body image and sexual function.

• #34 Pediatric Hypospadias Program – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/urology/hypospadias-program/

  For two to three weeks after the surgery the child should avoid trauma to the surgical area—no rough housing, contact sports, bicycle riding or physical education. Younger children should avoid walkers or straddle toys (such as bouncy chairs or rocking horses). At the follow-up appointment (about one week after surgery), our specialists will provide specific information as to when it is safe to return to activities.

• #35 Hypospadias repair – discharge : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm

  Your child had hypospadias repair to fix a birth defect in which the urethra does not end at the tip of the penis. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The type of repair that was done depends on how severe the birth defect was. This may be the first surgery for this problem or it may be a follow-up procedure. […] Your child may feel sleepy when first at home. He may not feel like eating or drinking. He may also feel sick to his stomach or throw up the same day he had surgery. […] Your child may need a urinary catheter for 5 to 14 days after the surgery. […] Your child may eat a normal diet. Make sure he drinks plenty of fluids. Fluids help keep the urine clean. […] A dressing with a clear plastic covering will be wrapped around the penis.

• #36 Hypospadias Repair

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/hypospadias-repair

  Most boys will have some pain for 6 to 8 hours after surgery. […] If your son is uncomfortable, you may give him Tylenol (See Acetaminophen, HH V-58) every 4 hours as needed; or other pain medicine if prescribed by the doctor for the first 3 days after surgery. […] Your child should not play with straddle toys for two weeks. […] Give a sponge bath the day after surgery. […] Resume normal bathing after two days. If your son has a tube in his penis after surgery, it is okay for the tube to be in bath water. […] If your child has a tube in place, call the office at 614-722-6630 option 3, to schedule an appointment to have the tube removed in 1 to 2 weeks. […] If there is no tube in place, call to schedule a follow-up appointment 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.

• #37

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk8816

  You can give your baby a sponge bath the day after surgery. Do not give him a bath for 5 to 7 days. […] Your doctor will tell you if and when your child can restart his or her medicines. The doctor will also give you instructions about your child taking any new medicines. […] Your doctor may recommend giving your baby acetaminophen (Tylenol) to help with pain after the procedure. […] Your child will probably have a dressing over the cut (incision). A dressing helps the incision heal and protects it. Your doctor will tell you how to take care of this. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if your child is having problems. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if your child has any problems.

• #38 Post-Operative Instructions for Hypospadias Repair | Patient Education | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/post-operative-instructions-for-hypospadias-repair

  Children who undergo hypospadias repair are usually discharged from the hospital the same day as the surgery. […] Your child may be discharged with a catheter. […] If your child has a catheter, you will be given an antibiotic upon discharge from the hospital. […] Most children will be given a nerve block during surgery to reduce pain. […] Your son will go home with a „dressing” or covering consisting of a clear plastic over gauze, or plain gauze taped around his penis. […] Sponge-bathe your child until the dressing is removed. […] If your son wears diapers, use two diapers for added protection and cushioning. […] Your child can resume a normal diet at home. […] Please encourage quiet play. […] Please call the Pediatric Urology office at (415) 353-2200 to make an appointment to have his catheter removed about one week after the surgery, unless you are instructed otherwise.

• #39 Renal Disorders – Hypospadias & Epispadias – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/pediatric-nursing/73-renal-disorders-hypospadias-epispadias?srsltid=AfmBOootoCqEIRGWaHJlYTnwqAItvdOEi9_VJ-7FdpPvjkQWeTC3P-p-

  Hypospadias and epispadias are congenital defects that result in the abnormal placement of the urethral meatus. So hypospadias primarily affects males. With this disorder, the urethral opening is on the ventral surface or underside of the penis. […] Treatment is based on severity. So, for example, if the urethral opening is near the tip of the penis, then surgery may not be necessary. However, for more severe defects, surgical reconstruction is usually indicated. […] During reconstructive surgery, a catheter is placed, which is typically allowed to drain straight into the diaper. As the nurse caring for a baby after surgery, you’ll be administering analgesics for pain as well as anticholinergic agents such as oxybutynin to help decrease bladder spasms and then antibiotics to prevent infection.

• #40 Post surgery care for adult hypospadias – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/post-surgery-care-for-adult-hypospadias/

  At the end of hypospadias surgery, we place a soft gauze roll dressing on penis to give some support to the healing penis. […] We typically change the dressing on day 4 to check the healing and look for signs of infection. […] We advise local washes with saline betadine 3 to 4 times a day coupled with local antibiotic ointment application to prevent infections. […] An adult after hypospadias repair will stay in the hospital for 2-3 nights after surgery for antibiotic injections and for pain relief. […] We prescribe an oral analgesic medicine till catheter removal. […] We also give a medicine called oxybutynin which is an anticholinergic and prevents bladder spasms (painful bladder contractions due to catheter). […] In addition to these, adults can get severe pain due to penile erection at night.

• #41 Discharge Instructions for Hypospadias Repair with a Stent

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/hypospadias

  The penis and scrotum will be quite swollen and bruised. In some cases, the swelling may appear larger on one side. This is expected after surgery. […] If the tube comes out or is pulled out, please call your child’s care team. Ask to speak to the nurse right away. […] The stent tube needs to be removed in 4-7 days. Before you leave the hospital, make a follow-up appointment to have the stent tube removed.

• #42 Hypospadias repair – discharge : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm

  Your child had hypospadias repair to fix a birth defect in which the urethra does not end at the tip of the penis. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The type of repair that was done depends on how severe the birth defect was. This may be the first surgery for this problem or it may be a follow-up procedure. […] Your child may feel sleepy when first at home. He may not feel like eating or drinking. He may also feel sick to his stomach or throw up the same day he had surgery. […] Your child may need a urinary catheter for 5 to 14 days after the surgery. […] Your child may eat a normal diet. Make sure he drinks plenty of fluids. Fluids help keep the urine clean. […] A dressing with a clear plastic covering will be wrapped around the penis.

• #43 Hypospadias | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/hypospadias

  After surgery, your child will usually be discharged home the same day of surgery. He will be prescribed pain medicine for his discomfort, but acetaminophen or ibuprofen is also helpful. Most boys are sent home with a urinary catheter in the penis for a couple of days. He will be prescribed a medication to prevent bladder spasms during this time as well as an antibiotic to prevent infection. […] The most common complication of surgery is an urethrocutaneous fistula, or an opening between the urethra and penile skin. This occurs in about 5% of cases and is most often recognized by the parent seeing 2 separate urinary streams.

• #44 Pediatric Hypospadias | Memorial Hermann

  https://memorialhermann.org/services/conditions/pediatric-hypospadias

  Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. […] Surgical correction of hypospadias involves straightening of any chordee and then extension of the urinary tube (urethra) out to the tip of the penis (the glans). […] We recommend that the children have surgery to correct hypospadias at about six to nine months of age. […] After surgery to correct hypospadias, the penis will be completely covered by a clear plastic wrapping, and your child will usually be sent home with a catheter in the bladder that will stay in place for 3 to 10 days. […] Your child will wear two diapers. We use a double-diapering technique to manage the drainage from the catheter. […] After surgery, your child will be prescribed medication for pain control, and they may also be given a low-dose antibiotic to reduce the risk of infection.

• #45 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/daddit/comments/kfm803/story_and_tips_about_hypospadias_surgery/

  When my son was born, the nurses quickly pointed out that something was wrong with his penis. He only had a partially formed foreskin and his urethra was not at the tip of his penis. Instead it was on the underside of the penis head. […] I was instructed to wait for surgery until he was 6 months old, but with COVID, the earliest the surgery could be performed was at 8 months. Below is a summary of what the operation/ post op care was like. […] Post care was very important and while he still has some stitches in, it has been 2 weeks since surgery, and our son is doing wonderful. Below are a few tips that I think could greatly help you have a much easier go of it. […] Buy a couple packs of the diaper one size up than what your son currently wears. What is likely to occur is that your son will be given a catheter and you will have to double diaper him. This involves having a hole in the front of the child’s regular sized diaper that you will guide the catheter through into the larger sized diaper. This must be done until the catheter is removed, usually 7-12 days.

• #46 Post-Operative Instructions for Hypospadias Repair | Patient Education | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/post-operative-instructions-for-hypospadias-repair

  Children who undergo hypospadias repair are usually discharged from the hospital the same day as the surgery. […] Your child may be discharged with a catheter. […] If your child has a catheter, you will be given an antibiotic upon discharge from the hospital. […] Most children will be given a nerve block during surgery to reduce pain. […] Your son will go home with a „dressing” or covering consisting of a clear plastic over gauze, or plain gauze taped around his penis. […] Sponge-bathe your child until the dressing is removed. […] If your son wears diapers, use two diapers for added protection and cushioning. […] Your child can resume a normal diet at home. […] Please encourage quiet play. […] Please call the Pediatric Urology office at (415) 353-2200 to make an appointment to have his catheter removed about one week after the surgery, unless you are instructed otherwise.

• #47 Hypospadias repair – discharge : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm

  Your child had hypospadias repair to fix a birth defect in which the urethra does not end at the tip of the penis. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The type of repair that was done depends on how severe the birth defect was. This may be the first surgery for this problem or it may be a follow-up procedure. […] Your child may feel sleepy when first at home. He may not feel like eating or drinking. He may also feel sick to his stomach or throw up the same day he had surgery. […] Your child may need a urinary catheter for 5 to 14 days after the surgery. […] Your child may eat a normal diet. Make sure he drinks plenty of fluids. Fluids help keep the urine clean. […] A dressing with a clear plastic covering will be wrapped around the penis.

• #48 Hypospadias repair – discharge : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm

  Some oozing from the penis is normal. You may see some spotting on the dressings, diaper, or underpants. […] Your child’s surgeon will probably ask you to take off the dressing after 2 or 3 days and leave it off. […] Infants may do most of their normal activities except for swimming or playing in a sandbox. It is fine to take your baby for walks in the stroller. […] Older boys should avoid contact sports, riding bicycles, straddling any toys, or wrestling for 3 weeks. It is a good idea to keep your child home from preschool or daycare the first week after his surgery. […] Contact the provider if your child has: Persistent low-grade fever or fever over 101°F (38.3°C) in the week after surgery. Increased swelling, pain, drainage, or bleeding from the wound. Trouble urinating. A lot of urine leakage around the catheter. This means the tube is blocked. […] Also contact the provider if: Your child has thrown up more than 3 times and cannot keep fluid down. The stitches holding the catheter come out. The diaper is dry when it is time to change it. You have any concerns about your child’s condition.

• #49 Hypospadias repair – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/hypospadias-repair-discharge

  Your child may feel sleepy when first at home. He may not feel like eating or drinking. He may also feel sick to his stomach or throw up the same day he had surgery. […] Your child may need a urinary catheter for 5 to 14 days after the surgery. […] If your child has a catheter, he may have bladder spasms. These may hurt, but they are not harmful. If a catheter has not been put in, urinating may be uncomfortable the first day or two after surgery. […] Your child may eat a normal diet. Make sure he drinks plenty of fluids. Fluids help keep the urine clean. […] A dressing with a clear plastic covering will be wrapped around the penis. […] Some oozing from the penis is normal. You may see some spotting on the dressings, diaper, or underpants. […] Your child’s surgeon will probably ask you to take off the dressing after 2 or 3 days and leave it off.

• #50 After hypospadias repair | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/procedures-and-treatments/after-hypospadias-repair-0/

  This page from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) explains how to care for your son at home after he has had a hypospadias repair operation. […] You should call the ward if: […] After the operation, there will be a flexible plastic tube (catheter) in the urethra with a large dressing covering the penis. Both the catheter and dressing need to be left in place for one week following the operation. […] It is quite normal for your child to feel uncomfortable for a day or two after the operation. […] Your child should not sit astride or straddle toys such as bicycles for at least a week after the operation. […] You will need to come back to GOSH one week after the operation so that we can remove the dressing and catheter. […] When the dressing has been removed, your sons penis will look red and swollen. This is normal and will settle down in a week. […] You should call the ward or your family doctor (GP) if: […] The doctor will see your child for a check-up appointment about three to six months after the operation we will send you details in the post so please make sure we have your correct address.

• #51 Impact of Pre-Operative Instructions Regarding Hypospadias Repair on Mothers’ Knowledge, Practices and Selected Post-Operative Outcomes

  https://msnj.journals.ekb.eg/article_241702.html

  Hypospadias is one of the commonest conditions seen in pediatric urology practice, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in its etiology. Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child. […] The study concluded that the preoperative instructions for mothers of children with hypospadias were effective by means of marked improvement of knowledge, practices and selected post-operative outcomes. […] Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child, including pain control, cleansing the operative site of stool and urine, observation of the wound for complications and activity restriction are discussed, the child should avoid vigorous sports activities and use of toys that are straddled for 2 weeks postoperatively.

• #52 Post-operative instructions and home care after hypospadias repair surgery – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/instructions-and-home-care-after-hypospadias-repair-surgery/

  Hypospadias surgery is a delicate, skillful and complicated surgery. The good thing about hypospadias treatment is that young babies heal very fast and become well within a week to ten days after the hypospadias repair. […] Here we have tried to give detailed post hypospadias repair instructions for the parents and patients so that they can understand the care which needs to be taken after hypospadias surgery. […] In almost all the hypospadias repairs, there is urinary pipe called catheter which is left across the hypospadias repair site. […] Post hypospadias treatment babies are kept in double diapers till the time the catheter is there. […] At the end of hypospadias surgery, we place a soft gauze roll dressing on penis to give some support to the healing penis. […] Most of the children who have a simple primary hypospadias are discharged the same day of surgery by evening- daycare hypospadias surgery.

• #53

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk8816

  You can give your baby a sponge bath the day after surgery. Do not give him a bath for 5 to 7 days. […] Your doctor will tell you if and when your child can restart his or her medicines. The doctor will also give you instructions about your child taking any new medicines. […] Your doctor may recommend giving your baby acetaminophen (Tylenol) to help with pain after the procedure. […] Your child will probably have a dressing over the cut (incision). A dressing helps the incision heal and protects it. Your doctor will tell you how to take care of this. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if your child is having problems. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if your child has any problems.

• #54 Post-Op Care After Surgery | Hypospadias Specialty Center

  https://hypospadias.com/parent-pointers-cat/parent-pointers-post-operative-care-following-a-two-stage-hypospadias-surgery/

  We recommend you sponge-bathe the patient for the first 5 days after surgery, then he can resume bathing. The bandages can get wet, and water can enter the catheter without concern for infection. Once the catheter comes out, we recommend soaking in a warm bath several times a day to help with discomfort and swelling. […] It is rare to have an emergency after hypospadias surgery. Most concerns are not urgent and you can email us at [email protected] during normal business hours to ask your question.

• #55 Discharge Instructions for Hypospadias Repair with a Stent

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/hypospadias

  If your child is experiencing pain, you can give them medicine. If it is not time for the medicine, try other ways to control pain such as: Watching a favorite show, Ice packs, Play games. […] Follow the steps below to care for your child’s wound: A small dressing might be wrapped around your child’s penis and taped into position. Remove the dressing 2 days after surgery while your child is in the bathtub. […] It is normal to see swelling and bruising around the incision and in the scrotum. A small amount of drainage is also normal. […] Your child can bathe 2 days after surgery. Place your child in a warm bathtub twice a day for several days. This will help with healing and swelling. […] It is okay to hold and carry your child as soon as they are released from surgery. […] It is very normal to see behavior changes after surgery. Most changes in behavior only last a few days to 2 weeks.

• #56 Taking care of your child at home after hypospadias surgery

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/taking-care-of-your-child-at-home-after-hypospadias-surgery

  You may see a little bleeding at the incision sites. […] Your child may have a soft silicone tube called a catheter in their urethra at the end of the surgery. […] It is important to make sure that the catheter is draining freely into the diaper or urine drainage bag and that there are no kinks in the tube. […] You will actively engage with the urology team in the first 30 days by answering daily questions about your child’s post-surgery health to make sure that your child does not have an infection, is not experiencing significant bleeding or pain, and can empty their bladder. […] If your child has a fever or mild pain after the operation, give them acetaminophen or ibuprofen. […] You may bathe your child as usual 48 hours after surgery. […] Apply Polysporin antibiotic ointment to the operated areas of the penis at each diaper change for the first week.

• #57 Top home care tips for your child post hypospadias surgery

  https://drgursev.com/home-care-tips-for-post-hypospadias-surgery/

  Hypospadias repairs almost always involve leaving a urinary tube across the repair site, known as a catheter. […] A baby with hypospadias is kept in double diapers until the catheter is placed during past hypospadias treatment. […] As a general rule, it is advised that a broad-spectrum antibiotic ointment such as Neosporin is applied locally to the penis during each diaper change as a precaution against infection and to prevent the area from sticking to the diaper afterwards. […] It is also advisable to prescribe an antibiotic like cephalexin for infection prevention and antacids like Lansoprazole for the first few days after surgery. […] During the first few days following surgery, the physician prescribes an oral syrup containing an analgesic medication, usually a combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol.

• #58 Post-operative instructions and home care after hypospadias repair surgery – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/instructions-and-home-care-after-hypospadias-repair-surgery/

  Hypospadias surgery is a delicate, skillful and complicated surgery. The good thing about hypospadias treatment is that young babies heal very fast and become well within a week to ten days after the hypospadias repair. […] Here we have tried to give detailed post hypospadias repair instructions for the parents and patients so that they can understand the care which needs to be taken after hypospadias surgery. […] In almost all the hypospadias repairs, there is urinary pipe called catheter which is left across the hypospadias repair site. […] Post hypospadias treatment babies are kept in double diapers till the time the catheter is there. […] At the end of hypospadias surgery, we place a soft gauze roll dressing on penis to give some support to the healing penis. […] Most of the children who have a simple primary hypospadias are discharged the same day of surgery by evening- daycare hypospadias surgery.

• #59 Post-operative instructions and home care after hypospadias repair surgery – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/instructions-and-home-care-after-hypospadias-repair-surgery/

  We prescribe an oral syrup of analgesic medicine mostly a combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol for first few days after surgery. […] A broad spectrum antibiotic such as cephalexin is also prescribed to prevent infections along with an antacid medicine such as Lansoprozole for the first few days. […] We like to see the patients on day 5 after surgery for removal of dressing and for some minor hypospadias repairs we remove the catheter also at the same time. […] Once the dressing is out on day 5, the child can be given a short warm tub bath. […] We advise putting a broad spectrum antibiotic ointment such as neosporin locally on the penis at each diaper change so that it prevents infection and also protects the raw area from sticking to the diaper.

• #60 Top home care tips for your child post hypospadias surgery

  https://drgursev.com/home-care-tips-for-post-hypospadias-surgery/

  Hypospadias repairs almost always involve leaving a urinary tube across the repair site, known as a catheter. […] A baby with hypospadias is kept in double diapers until the catheter is placed during past hypospadias treatment. […] As a general rule, it is advised that a broad-spectrum antibiotic ointment such as Neosporin is applied locally to the penis during each diaper change as a precaution against infection and to prevent the area from sticking to the diaper afterwards. […] It is also advisable to prescribe an antibiotic like cephalexin for infection prevention and antacids like Lansoprazole for the first few days after surgery. […] During the first few days following surgery, the physician prescribes an oral syrup containing an analgesic medication, usually a combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol.

• #61 Hypospadias repair – discharge : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm

  Some oozing from the penis is normal. You may see some spotting on the dressings, diaper, or underpants. […] Your child’s surgeon will probably ask you to take off the dressing after 2 or 3 days and leave it off. […] Infants may do most of their normal activities except for swimming or playing in a sandbox. It is fine to take your baby for walks in the stroller. […] Older boys should avoid contact sports, riding bicycles, straddling any toys, or wrestling for 3 weeks. It is a good idea to keep your child home from preschool or daycare the first week after his surgery. […] Contact the provider if your child has: Persistent low-grade fever or fever over 101°F (38.3°C) in the week after surgery. Increased swelling, pain, drainage, or bleeding from the wound. Trouble urinating. A lot of urine leakage around the catheter. This means the tube is blocked. […] Also contact the provider if: Your child has thrown up more than 3 times and cannot keep fluid down. The stitches holding the catheter come out. The diaper is dry when it is time to change it. You have any concerns about your child’s condition.

• #62 Pediatric Hypospadias Program – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/urology/hypospadias-program/

  For two to three weeks after the surgery the child should avoid trauma to the surgical area—no rough housing, contact sports, bicycle riding or physical education. Younger children should avoid walkers or straddle toys (such as bouncy chairs or rocking horses). At the follow-up appointment (about one week after surgery), our specialists will provide specific information as to when it is safe to return to activities.

• #63 Hypospadias repair – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/hypospadias-repair-discharge

  Your child may feel sleepy when first at home. He may not feel like eating or drinking. He may also feel sick to his stomach or throw up the same day he had surgery. […] Your child may need a urinary catheter for 5 to 14 days after the surgery. […] If your child has a catheter, he may have bladder spasms. These may hurt, but they are not harmful. If a catheter has not been put in, urinating may be uncomfortable the first day or two after surgery. […] Your child may eat a normal diet. Make sure he drinks plenty of fluids. Fluids help keep the urine clean. […] A dressing with a clear plastic covering will be wrapped around the penis. […] Some oozing from the penis is normal. You may see some spotting on the dressings, diaper, or underpants. […] Your child’s surgeon will probably ask you to take off the dressing after 2 or 3 days and leave it off.

• #64 Post-Operative Instructions for Hypospadias Repair | Patient Education | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/post-operative-instructions-for-hypospadias-repair

  You may have some additional questions once you leave the office after the surgery is performed. […] Please contact Pediatric Urology at (415) 353-2200 if you are concerned with your child’s progress after surgery, or if your child exhibits any of the following: Temperature greater than 101 F, Excessive bleeding (some spotting or blood stains on the dressing is normal), Extreme irritability, Excessive pain, Increasing redness of the penis, Disinterest in eating and drinking (particularly after 24 hours), Continuous vomiting, Change in urination, Difficulty urinating (pushing when he urinates).

• #65 Hypospadias repair – discharge Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/discharge-instructions/hypospadias-repair-discharge

  Infants may do most of their normal activities except for swimming or playing in a sandbox. It is fine to take your baby for walks in the stroller. […] Older boys should avoid contact sports, riding bicycles, straddling any toys, or wrestling for 3 weeks. It is a good idea to keep your child home from preschool or daycare the first week after his surgery. […] Contact the provider if your child has: Persistent low-grade fever or fever over 101°F (38.3°C) in the week after surgery. Increased swelling, pain, drainage, or bleeding from the wound. Trouble urinating. A lot of urine leakage around the catheter. This means the tube is blocked. […] Also contact the provider if: Your child has thrown up more than 3 times and cannot keep fluid down. The stitches holding the catheter come out. The diaper is dry when it is time to change it. You have any concerns about your child’s condition.

• #66 Impact of Pre-Operative Instructions Regarding Hypospadias Repair on Mothers’ Knowledge, Practices and Selected Post-Operative Outcomes

  https://msnj.journals.ekb.eg/article_241702.html

  Hypospadias is one of the commonest conditions seen in pediatric urology practice, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in its etiology. Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child. […] The study concluded that the preoperative instructions for mothers of children with hypospadias were effective by means of marked improvement of knowledge, practices and selected post-operative outcomes. […] Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child, including pain control, cleansing the operative site of stool and urine, observation of the wound for complications and activity restriction are discussed, the child should avoid vigorous sports activities and use of toys that are straddled for 2 weeks postoperatively.

• #67 Impact of Pre-Operative Instructions Regarding Hypospadias Repair on Mothers’ Knowledge, Practices and Selected Post-Operative Outcomes

  https://msnj.journals.ekb.eg/article_241702.html

  Parental especially mothers involvement in quality of care related to hypospadias repair is very important. It is proved that the child recover earlier when the parents involved in care. […] The study recommended that developing continuous training session to pediatric surgical nurses and educational sessions for mothers about preoperative instructions regarding hypospadias repair would improve mothers knowledge, practices and selected postoperative outcomes.

• #68 Patient information video: How to take care of your child after hypospadias surgery? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36283947/

  Patient/parent education and participation helps improve post-operative care. Dressing and catheter care after hypospadias surgery varies widely and young parents are keen to use available media when seeking for help, especially if surgery is done in an outpatient setting. An information video about post-operative care after hypospadias is made available through a tertiary referral hospital’s website. […] A double diaper system is used to prevent contamination of the urinary catheter and penile bandage with stools. A video explaining how the dressing works was made, helping parents maintaining the dressing and thereby solving possible questions/problems about dressing or medications while at home. Warning signs and symptoms are mentioned in which case parents should contact the urologist: fever, continuous blood loss and lack of urinary output. […] Parent participation can help improve post-operative care, especially in outpatient clinic setting. This video helps parents through post-operative care after hypospadias surgery. Its availability through informative folders and hospital’s website is destined to educate and reassure parents.

• #69 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will experience decreased pain as evidenced by infrequent crying episodes and exhibit a normal sleeping pattern. The child will experience improved urinary elimination. The parent will experience less anxiety. The child will remain free from infection as evidenced by a clean and intact wound without redness, edema, odor, or drainage and negative urine culture. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with hypospadias and epispadias may include: Assess the location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, location, and severity of the pain; Observe for verbal and nonverbal cues. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, which can increase the risk of bacterial entry into the urinary system. It is important to educate patients and their families about the signs and symptoms of UTIs, promote good hygiene practices, and encourage adequate fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection. […] Patients with hypospadias and epispadias may experience anxiety due to the uncertainty and stress associated with undergoing surgery and the potential impact on their body image and sexual function.

• #70 Hypospadias: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-overview

  Newer scoring systems designed to lend objective measures to long-term outcomes are becoming more popular. […] Because most patients with hypospadias are surgically treated at a very young age, parental teaching and reassurance are very important for ensuring a satisfactory experience for the families of these patients. Early consultation with a pediatric urologist may help parents to understand the issue better, set realistic expectations, remove guilt, and provide a management plan.

• #71 Nursing Management of Patient with Hypospadiasis & epispadias | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-hypospadiasis-epispadias/251308307

  In the newborn, a meatomy (extending the urethra to a normal position) may initially be performed to establish better urinary function. […] Children with hypospadias should not be circumcised, because at the time of plastic repair, the surgeon may wish to use a portion of the foreskin. […] The surgical area should be dry, clean free from infection if the UTI does not occur the repair should achieve the goals of therapy. […] Provide psychological support to the parents […] Assess the severity of risk factors […] Keep the environment clean […] Provide prophylactic medication as per doctor’s prescription […] Change the position frequently to prevent tissue breakdown […] Teach about the home care […] The nursing can assist the family members for problem solving […] Knowledge deficit regarding chronic illness Assess the knowledge status of the parents […] NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective sexual pattern r/t urethra opens on the under surface of penis and curved penis

• #72 Hypospadias – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias

  Complications are usually corrected with another operation, most often delayed for at least six months after the last surgery to allow the tissues to heal sufficiently before attempting another repair. […] Living with hypospadias can present challenging emotional obstacles. Many men, whether they have had surgical repair of their hypospadias as a child or not often are very guarded in school bathrooms or locker rooms. […] Worry, anxiety and feelings of shame are common among adult men born with hypospadias.

• #73 Hypospadias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypospadias

  The most common complication after hypospadias repair surgery is a leak in the new urethral tube (a urethrocutaneous fistula). […] Whether your child requires more than one procedure or a single repair, our team of pediatric urology experts is prepared to provide whatever level of care is needed. […] Recent research suggests that long-term follow-up extending into puberty is important for hypospadias patients. […] Our dedicated team includes a pediatric psychologist who is available to work with families as needed. […] We continue to seek out innovative techniques to improve surgical outcomes and provide the best results for our hypospadias patients.

• #74 Hypospadias

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20228088

  Most of the time the penis looks typical after surgery. […] Most men can pass urine properly. […] Your child will need a couple of visits to the surgeon after surgery. […] Regular follow-up with your child’s pediatric urologist is recommended after toilet training and at puberty to check for healing and possible complications.

• #75 Hypospadias | University of Iowa Health Care Stead Family Children’s Hospital

  https://uihc.org/childrens/health-topics/hypospadias

  Hypospadias repair is a surgery that can be performed if there is concern that hypospadias will affect urination, sexual function, or if there is concern about the appearance of the penis. […] It is important in some cases of hypospadias to delay circumcision so that the extra tissue can be used to reconstruct the penis during hypospadias repair. […] Hypospadias surgery usually requires general anesthesia, which means the child will be asleep during the procedure. […] Most patients do not have to stay overnight in the hospital after hypospadias surgery. […] After most hypospadias repairs, a catheter will be in the child’s urethra to drain urine from the bladder while the child is recovering. […] Your doctor will discuss with you the options for controlling the pain and making your child as comfortable as possible after surgery. […] Children who have hypospadias surgery normally return for follow-up doctor visits in the weeks and months after the surgery, and as the child grows, to make sure urination is normal and erections are straight.

• #76 Hypospadias Repair

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/hypospadias-repair

  Most boys will have some pain for 6 to 8 hours after surgery. […] If your son is uncomfortable, you may give him Tylenol (See Acetaminophen, HH V-58) every 4 hours as needed; or other pain medicine if prescribed by the doctor for the first 3 days after surgery. […] Your child should not play with straddle toys for two weeks. […] Give a sponge bath the day after surgery. […] Resume normal bathing after two days. If your son has a tube in his penis after surgery, it is okay for the tube to be in bath water. […] If your child has a tube in place, call the office at 614-722-6630 option 3, to schedule an appointment to have the tube removed in 1 to 2 weeks. […] If there is no tube in place, call to schedule a follow-up appointment 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.

• #77 Hypospadias | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/pediatric-urology/conditions-we-treat/hypospadias

  We often repair hypospadias before a child is one year of age. This way, the boy is in diapers and management of dressings are made easier. However, the exact age of repair can vary according to the size of the penis and severity of the defect. […] The operation is performed under general anesthesia with the child completely asleep. Most of the boys will have a small tube exiting the tip of their new meatus. This „stent” will protect the new urethra and allow for adequate healing. […] The usual risks of surgery are present when we perform hypospadias repairs. Risk of infection is controlled with use of antibiotics with the surgery and in the post-operative setting. Bleeding is well controlled by using a penile tourniquet during the operation. […] By using good surgical technique, we are able to minimize the longer-term complications of the surgery. The most common problems that present are fistula and stricture. A fistula occurs if a hole develops along the pathway of the repair proximal to the tip of the penis. In other words, a hole can develop along the underside of the penis allowing for leakage of urine. Additionally, a stricture is a scar that can form causing a narrowing in the urethra. If either of these complications occur, an additional repair will be needed, usually six months later.

• #78 Hypospadias | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/hypospadias

  After surgery, your child will usually be discharged home the same day of surgery. He will be prescribed pain medicine for his discomfort, but acetaminophen or ibuprofen is also helpful. Most boys are sent home with a urinary catheter in the penis for a couple of days. He will be prescribed a medication to prevent bladder spasms during this time as well as an antibiotic to prevent infection. […] The most common complication of surgery is an urethrocutaneous fistula, or an opening between the urethra and penile skin. This occurs in about 5% of cases and is most often recognized by the parent seeing 2 separate urinary streams.

• #79 Hypospadias Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-treatment

  The goals of surgical treatment of hypospadias are as follows: To create a straight penis by repairing any curvature (orthoplasty); To create a urethra that opens at the tip of the penis (urethroplasty) with a natural slitlike configuration (meatus); To re-form the glans into a more natural conical configuration (glansplasty); To achieve cosmetically acceptable penile skin coverage; To create a normal-appearing scrotum. […] The resulting penis should be suitable for future sexual intercourse, should enable the patient to void while standing, and should present an acceptable cosmetic appearance. […] It is clear that repairs that are more proximal are associated with a greater incidence of complications. […] Urethrocutaneous fistulization is a major concern in hypospadias repair. The rate of fistula formation is generally less than 10% for most single-stage repairs but rises with the severity of hypospadias, approaching 40% with complex reoperative efforts. […] Consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist is indicated in cases where a child may be suspected of having a disorder (difference) of sex development (DSD).

• #80 Hypospadias: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015227-overview

  Hypospadias is an abnormality of anterior urethral and penile development. The urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventral aspect of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis, which, in this condition, may be splayed open. […] Modern anesthetic techniques, fine instrumentation, sutures, dressing materials, and antibiotics have improved clinical outcomes and have, in most cases of less severe hypospadias, allowed surgical treatment with a single-stage repair within the first year of life on an outpatient basis. […] With modern anesthetics, instruments, sutures, dressing materials, and antibiotics, hypospadias repair is considered generally successful. […] Hypospadias surgical complication rates have been described in the single digits for distal repair; however, longer follow-up, greater standardization in assessment and outcome parameters, and possibly more honest reporting have revealed complication rates approaching 50% for more proximal defects.

• #81 Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5332236/

  Correction of VC is a key component of hypospadias surgery to achieve a straight penis, while preserving penile length and erectile function. […] The management of hypospadias repair complications are performed after a period of healing over 4-6 months, with the exception of urethral or meatal stenosis, which require more emergent attention. […] The majority of hypospadias outcome papers focus on surgical complications and there are few publications assessing long-term functional outcomes. […] Hypospadias is a common genital condition in boys with varying severity and long-term functional implications. Modern surgical techniques have significantly reduced complication rates, but standardization of reporting and well-designed prospective studies will further aid surgical decision-making.

• #82 Discharge Instructions for Hypospadias Repair with a Stent

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/hypospadias

  If your child is experiencing pain, you can give them medicine. If it is not time for the medicine, try other ways to control pain such as: Watching a favorite show, Ice packs, Play games. […] Follow the steps below to care for your child’s wound: A small dressing might be wrapped around your child’s penis and taped into position. Remove the dressing 2 days after surgery while your child is in the bathtub. […] It is normal to see swelling and bruising around the incision and in the scrotum. A small amount of drainage is also normal. […] Your child can bathe 2 days after surgery. Place your child in a warm bathtub twice a day for several days. This will help with healing and swelling. […] It is okay to hold and carry your child as soon as they are released from surgery. […] It is very normal to see behavior changes after surgery. Most changes in behavior only last a few days to 2 weeks.

• #83 Hypospadias | Experienced Pediatric Urologists | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/pediatric-treatments/pediatric-urology/hypospadias

  No matter your childs age, we design a personalized care plan that includes emotional support and assistance from our dedicated team. […] Our child life specialists can help explain the surgery, so your child knows what to expect, and help your child feel better through play learning, fun activities, and encouragement.

• #84 Adult Hypospadias in Men | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/adult-hypospadias

  Hypospadias is a congenital condition in which the penile urethra does not reach the end of the penis. […] Patients who experience complications after an initial repair of hypospadias usually require further treatment in adulthood. […] The urologists at Tampa General Hospital specialize in providing expert treatment for adults suffering from hypospadias. Treatment may include surgery to reposition the urethra and straighten the shaft of the penis. […] For patients who have undergone multiple failed surgeries as children, reconstructive surgery intended to repair the absence of local skin may be recommended.

• #85 Post surgery care for adult hypospadias – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/post-surgery-care-for-adult-hypospadias/

  Hypospadias can have a significant impact on a persons life, especially as they transition into adulthood. […] Recovery for an adult after hypospadias surgery can take several weeks or even months. […] Here are few instructions for adults undergoing hypospadias surgery. […] Oral feeds can be started for 3-4 hours after surgery. […] We advise high protein diet in the post operative period which includes eggs, meat for non-vegetarians and paneer, tofu, dal, pulses etc for vegetarians. […] Healthy food promotes good healing. […] Adequate water intake and high fibre diet in the post operative period is a must to avoid constipation. […] After any hypospadias repair, there will be a urinary pipe called urethral catheter which is left across the hypospadias repair site. […] The catheter is tied to penis with a small stitch, and it is generally removed after 14 days in primary or staged repair and after 21 days in single stage repair.

• #86 Post surgery care for adult hypospadias – Hypospadias Foundation

  https://www.hypospadiasfoundation.com/post-surgery-care-for-adult-hypospadias/

  At the end of hypospadias surgery, we place a soft gauze roll dressing on penis to give some support to the healing penis. […] We typically change the dressing on day 4 to check the healing and look for signs of infection. […] We advise local washes with saline betadine 3 to 4 times a day coupled with local antibiotic ointment application to prevent infections. […] An adult after hypospadias repair will stay in the hospital for 2-3 nights after surgery for antibiotic injections and for pain relief. […] We prescribe an oral analgesic medicine till catheter removal. […] We also give a medicine called oxybutynin which is an anticholinergic and prevents bladder spasms (painful bladder contractions due to catheter). […] In addition to these, adults can get severe pain due to penile erection at night.

• #87 4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hypospadias-epispadias-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with hypospadias and epispadias. Learn about the nursing assessment, nursing interventions, goals and nursing diagnosis for hypospadias and epispadias in this guide. […] Nursing care plan and management for a child with hypospadias or epispadias include improving the childs physical appearance, ensuring a positive body image, providing relief of pain and discomfort, decreasing parental anxiety, and absence of complications (bleeding, infection, catheter obstruction, and sexual dysfunction). […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with hypospadias and epispadias: Hypospadias nursing priorities: Assess and manage pain, Promote wound healing and infection prevention, Provide education on postoperative care and hygiene, Support the child and family emotionally throughout the surgical and recovery process.

• #88 Nursing Management of Patient with Hypospadiasis & epispadias | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-management-of-patient-with-hypospadiasis-epispadias/251308307

  In the newborn, a meatomy (extending the urethra to a normal position) may initially be performed to establish better urinary function. […] Children with hypospadias should not be circumcised, because at the time of plastic repair, the surgeon may wish to use a portion of the foreskin. […] The surgical area should be dry, clean free from infection if the UTI does not occur the repair should achieve the goals of therapy. […] Provide psychological support to the parents […] Assess the severity of risk factors […] Keep the environment clean […] Provide prophylactic medication as per doctor’s prescription […] Change the position frequently to prevent tissue breakdown […] Teach about the home care […] The nursing can assist the family members for problem solving […] Knowledge deficit regarding chronic illness Assess the knowledge status of the parents […] NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective sexual pattern r/t urethra opens on the under surface of penis and curved penis

• #89 Impact of Pre-Operative Instructions Regarding Hypospadias Repair on Mothers’ Knowledge, Practices and Selected Post-Operative Outcomes

  https://msnj.journals.ekb.eg/article_241702.html

  Hypospadias is one of the commonest conditions seen in pediatric urology practice, genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in its etiology. Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child. […] The study concluded that the preoperative instructions for mothers of children with hypospadias were effective by means of marked improvement of knowledge, practices and selected post-operative outcomes. […] Post-operative nursing care of hypospadias repair is directed toward preventing infection and instructing parents in home care of the child, including pain control, cleansing the operative site of stool and urine, observation of the wound for complications and activity restriction are discussed, the child should avoid vigorous sports activities and use of toys that are straddled for 2 weeks postoperatively.

• #90 SPU – Aligning Long-Term Care Priorities In Hypospadias Repair Follow-Up: A Delphi Study Of Patient And Provider Perspectives

  https://fallcongress.spuonline.org/program/2024/110.cgi

  When considering high priority areas for annual screening after hypospadias repair, patients and parents emphasize close monitoring of urinary function impacts, potential need for future surgeries, and ensuring available support for families undergoing treatment. A subsequent annual screening measure for hypospadias should reflect these concerns to ensure comprehensive care.

• #91 Hypospadias Repair: Purpose, Procedure, Risks & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15991-hypospadias-repair

  A hypospadias repair may be a one- or two-stage procedure based on severity. […] After a hypospadias repair, a healthcare provider covers your child’s stitches with bandages and secure the stent. […] Healthcare providers will give you instructions on how to help your child recover, especially for the first week after surgery. They may prescribe your child medication to relieve pain. […] Most repairs last a lifetime, and your child’s penis will function normally and healthily. […] The advantages of hypospadias repair include: Reconstructing your child’s urethra to the tip of their penis to allow for normal peeing and ejaculating. […] It’s important for your child to take it easy for a few weeks after hypospadias repair to ensure proper healing. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child experiences any complications or abnormal symptoms after a hypospadias repair.

• #92 Hypospadias: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/urology/hypospadias/treatment

  Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to reduce infection risk, and instructions on how to bathe the baby, care for the bandages, and recognize signs of infection or other complications. […] Full recovery from hypospadias surgery can take a few months. You will have a couple of check-ins with the surgeon during this time. After that, it is recommended to visit a pediatric urologist when the child is old enough to start potty training and again during puberty to check for complications. […] The success rate of surgeries for hypospadias is high. In most instances, the penis will heal and appear normal in shape. Your boy will be able to urinate in a straight stream while standing, and it will not affect his ability to reproduce. […] The Children’s Hospital of New York provides quality care for all types of pediatric urologic conditions, including hypospadias. Once the signs and symptoms of hypospadias are identified, our pediatric specialists will walk you through the treatment options.

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