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• #1 Gestational diabetes – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339

  Gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy (gestation). Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). Gestational diabetes causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy and your baby’s health. […] Most of the time, gestational diabetes doesn’t cause noticeable signs or symptoms. Increased thirst and more-frequent urination are possible symptoms. […] If you develop gestational diabetes, you may need checkups more often. These are most likely to occur during the last three months of pregnancy, when your health care provider will monitor your blood sugar level and your baby’s health. […] Gestational diabetes that’s not carefully managed can lead to high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar can cause problems for you and your baby, including an increased likelihood of needing a surgery to deliver (C-section).

• #2 Gestational Diabetes-Causes & Treatment | ADA

  https://diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/pregnancy/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes (GDM) diabetes during pregnancy affects up to 9% of pregnancies in the U.S. each year, so know you’re not alone. […] If the body can’t produce enough insulin during pregnancy, glucose remains in the blood, leading to high blood glucose (blood sugar). […] While GDM is treatable, it can pose health risks to both you and your baby if left unmanaged. The primary goal of treatment is to keep your blood glucose levels within a normal range. […] Exercise plays a vital role in managing GDM.

• #3 What are the warning signs of gestational diabetes? | Healthy You

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/w/what-are-the-warning-signs-of-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes affects nearly 10 percent of pregnant women, according to the American Diabetes Association. […] Most pregnant women dont experience signs or symptoms of gestational diabetes. In fact, the only way to know is with a blood sugar test, typically given around 24 to 28 weeks gestation. […] A few women may notice subtle signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes, including: Increased thirst. Drinking more than normal and feeling like youre always thirsty may be a sign of gestational diabetes. Fatigue. Pregnant women are tired, after all its a lot of work to grow and support a baby! However, gestational diabetes can make you feel even more tired than normal. Dry mouth. A parched mouth despite drinking a lot can be another sign of gestational diabetes. […] A gestational diabetes diagnosis is given if two of the three blood draws have higher than normal blood sugar levels.

• #4 Gestational Diabetes (GD): Symptoms, Treatment & How It Affects Pregnancy

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/gestational-diabetes/

  Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that appears only during pregnancy. […] Between 6 and 9 percent of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] Most women with gestational diabetes have no symptoms, though a few may experience: Unusual thirst, Frequent urination in large amounts (distinguished from the also frequent but usually light urination of early pregnancy), Fatigue (which may be difficult to differentiate from normal pregnancy fatigue), Sugar in the urine (detected at a routine practitioner visit). […] With proper treatment and regular monitoring by your practitioner, gestational diabetes can be managed and is not harmful to you or your baby. But if GDM is not treated, and excessive sugar circulates in a mother’s blood and the baby’s, the potential problems for both mother and baby are serious.

• #5 Gestational Diabetes – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=gestational-diabetes-85-P00337

  Gestational diabetes doesn’t cause any symptoms. Thats why its important to get tested for it if you are at high risk. […] If your blood sugar levels are very high, you may have these symptoms: You urinate more than normal. You are hungrier or thirstier than normal. You have blurred vision. You have nausea and vomiting. You lose weight even though you are hungrier.

• #6 Gestational Diabetes Symptoms: What To Look Out ForCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes does not usually cause any symptoms. Most people only find out they have it when their blood sugar (glucose) levels are tested during screening for gestational diabetes. […] While most people don’t get symptoms, you might have symptoms if your blood sugar levels get too high. These can include: needing to wee a lot, especially at night; being really thirsty; feeling more tired than usual; genital itching or thrush; blurred eyesight. […] Some of these problems are common during pregnancy, so may not be a sign of gestational diabetes. But it is best to find out. Tell your midwife or GP if you are worried. […] Because most people don’t have any signs or symptoms, being diagnosed with gestational diabetes can come as a shock. But you will get plenty of extra care and advice to help you manage your blood sugar levels and reduce any risks to your pregnancy. […] Keep in mind that most people with gestational diabetes have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies, as long as it is spotted and managed with care.

• #7 Gestational Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9012-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. It may not cause any symptoms. Gestational diabetes (GD or GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops exclusively in pregnancy when blood sugar levels get too high (hyperglycemia). GD usually appears during the middle of pregnancy, between 24 and 28 weeks. There are usually no obvious warning signs of gestational diabetes. Symptoms are mild and often go unnoticed until your pregnancy care provider tests you for gestational diabetes. If you do have symptoms, they may include: Frequent urination, Excessive thirst, Tiredness, Nausea. Being unable to keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range can lead to complications for both you and the fetus. Gestational diabetes increases your risk of: C-section (if the fetus gets too big), Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy). People with gestational diabetes are slightly more likely to have Type 2 diabetes later in life. If you have gestational diabetes, your baby’s more at risk for: Increased birth weight (fetal macrosomia), Breathing problems at birth, Hypoglycemia. This can cause seizures in newborns, Obesity, Premature birth, Type 2 diabetes later in life. Your healthcare provider tests for gestational diabetes around weeks 24 to 28 of your pregnancy. Your healthcare provider will test your blood sugar during pregnancy with a blood test. If you have gestational diabetes, you’ll need more frequent checkups during your pregnancy. If you have gestational diabetes, your blood sugar levels should come down after you give birth, when your hormone levels return to normal. But about 50% of people with gestational diabetes develop Type 2 diabetes later in life. Yes, having gestational diabetes may make your pregnancy high risk. Most babies born are born healthy.

• #8 What are the warning signs of gestational diabetes? | Healthy You

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/w/what-are-the-warning-signs-of-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes affects nearly 10 percent of pregnant women, according to the American Diabetes Association. […] Most pregnant women dont experience signs or symptoms of gestational diabetes. In fact, the only way to know is with a blood sugar test, typically given around 24 to 28 weeks gestation. […] A few women may notice subtle signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes, including: Increased thirst. Drinking more than normal and feeling like youre always thirsty may be a sign of gestational diabetes. Fatigue. Pregnant women are tired, after all its a lot of work to grow and support a baby! However, gestational diabetes can make you feel even more tired than normal. Dry mouth. A parched mouth despite drinking a lot can be another sign of gestational diabetes. […] A gestational diabetes diagnosis is given if two of the three blood draws have higher than normal blood sugar levels.

• #9 Gestational diabetes symptoms | Diabetes UK

  https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-diabetes/gestational-diabetes/symptoms

  Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It affects women who haven’t already got a diagnosis of another type of diabetes. It means you have high blood sugar and need to take extra care of yourself and your bump. This will include eating well and keeping active. […] Signs and symptoms associated with gestational diabetes include: Going for a wee a lot, especially at night. Being really thirsty. Feeling more tired than usual. Genital itching or thrush. Blurred eyesight. […] You may have been shocked to find out that you have gestational diabetes many women have no noticeable symptoms. […] As some gestational diabetes symptoms are like symptoms experienced in pregnancy anyway – like feeling more tired or going to the toilet more – most cases are diagnosed during screening for gestational diabetes. […] If you develop any of the symptoms listed above, they could be a sign that you have gestational diabetes, but you should talk to your midwife about your concerns.

• #10 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/gestational-diabetes-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and blurred vision during pregnancy. […] Gestational diabetes usually goes away after delivery. […] Mothers with gestational diabetes are at a higher risk for preeclampsia (hypertension during pregnancy), problems with labor, and Cesarean delivery. […] The child is also at a heightened risk of developing diabetes, obesity, and metabolism problems later in life. […] For most women, blood glucose levels return to normal after delivery. However, it is important for patients to take the glucose test again about six weeks postpartum. This is to ensure there is no sustained type 2 diabetes.

• #11 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Causes, Symptoms, Risks Factors PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Num

  https://www.pacehospital.com/gestational-diabetes-mellitus-gdm-causes-symptoms-risks-factors

  Gestational diabetes symptoms are uncommon. However, if the blood sugar levels reach too high, some women may experience the following symptoms such as: […] Symptoms of gestational diabetes mellitus are uncommon. However, if the blood sugar levels reach too high, some women may experience the following symptoms such as: Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyurea (increase in the frequency of urination), Xerostomia (dry mouth), Genital itching, Blurred vision, General malaise.

• #12 Gestational diabetes – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355345

  If diet and exercise aren’t enough to manage your blood sugar levels, you may need insulin injections to lower your blood sugar. […] Your health care provider will check your blood sugar level after delivery and again in 6 to 12 weeks to make sure that your level has returned to within the standard range. […] If future tests indicate type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, talk with your health care provider about increasing your prevention efforts or starting a diabetes management plan. […] Have you experienced increased thirst or excessive urination? If so, when did these symptoms start? How often do you have them? […] Have you noticed other unusual symptoms?

• #13 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P00337

  Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that happens during pregnancy. […] The symptoms of gestational diabetes often go away after delivery. But sometimes they don’t. Or you may have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. […] Gestational diabetes doesn’t cause any symptoms. Thats why its important to get tested for it if you are at high risk. […] If your blood sugar levels are very high, you may have these symptoms: You pee more than normal. You are hungrier or thirstier than normal. You have blurred vision. You have nausea and vomiting. You lose weight even though you are hungrier. […] Gestational diabetes usually doesn’t cause birth defects. But it can affect your baby in other ways if your blood sugar levels are not under control. […] If your blood sugar is not under control, your baby can develop problems. One problem is larger growth than normal. The other problem is very low blood sugar just after birth.

• #14 Understanding the Risks and Early Signs of Gestational Diabetes | Healthengine Blog

  https://healthinfo.healthengine.com.au/understanding-the-risks-and-early-signs-of-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is the term given to expecting mothers diagnosed with pre-diabetes (otherwise known as Glucose Intolerance) during their pregnancy. […] The early signs of gestational diabetes include: Extreme fatigue and lethargy, Urge to urinate increases to extremes, Extremely dry mouth and constant thirst, Feeling extreme nausea (maybe even vomiting) after eating, Unusually strong cravings for sweet foods and drinks, Blurred vision, Tingling in the hands or feet. […] Many women develop gestational diabetes during the second trimester, usually around the 24th week. […] Unfortunately, the early signs of gestational diabetes tend to overlap with typical symptoms of pregnancy, which is why it can go unnoticed for weeks. […] A dramatic increase in how often you urinate (known as Polyuria) can also be a sign of high blood sugar.

• #15 Managing gestational diabetes | Logansport Memorial HospitalSearchSearchFacebookYouTubeBlogTwitter

  https://www.logansportmemorial.org/blog/managing-gestational-diabetes

  Increased urination—When glucose accumulates in the blood, it pulls water out of the body’s tissues and into the blood. The kidneys turn this extra water into urine and excrete it. This increases your urine output. […] Increased thirst—The increase in urine output causes your body to become dehydrated. This makes you thirsty. […] Increased hunger—Your body’s cells are not getting enough glucose, which means your cells cannot get enough food. This causes you to feel hungry. […] Recurring urinary tract infection or vaginal yeast infection —When glucose builds up in the blood, it can affect the functioning of your white blood cells. This may cause you to have urinary tract infections or vaginal yeast infections more often. […] Weight loss—Despite the increase in appetite, you may lose weight. This is because the cells cannot get enough glucose to use for energy so they begin to break down the body’s stores of fat in order to produce energy. […] Fatigue—Because your cells are not getting glucose, they cannot get enough energy. This can make you feel tired.

• #16 Gestational Diabetes – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. […] Most of the time, there are no symptoms. The diagnosis is made during a routine prenatal screening. […] Mild symptoms, such as increased thirst or shakiness, may be present. These symptoms are usually not dangerous to the pregnant woman. […] Other symptoms may include: Blurred vision, Fatigue, Frequent infections, including those of the bladder, vagina, and skin, Increased thirst, Increased urination. […] Gestational diabetes most often starts halfway through the pregnancy. […] Pregnant women with gestational diabetes tend to have larger babies at birth. […] Mothers with gestational diabetes have an increased risk for high blood pressure during pregnancy and increased risk for preterm delivery. […] After delivery: Your high blood sugar (glucose) level often goes back to normal. […] You should be closely followed for signs of diabetes over the next 5 to 10 years after delivery.

• #17 Gestational Diabetes | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/gestational-diabetes.html

  Gestational diabetes may not cause symptoms, so testing for it between 24 and 28 weeks is important. […] Gestational diabetes often doesn’t have any symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild, such as being thirstier than normal or having to urinate more often. You’ll need to be tested to know for sure if you have gestational diabetes. […] Gestational diabetes usually develops around the 24th week of pregnancy.

• #18

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gestational-diabetes/

  Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth. […] It can happen at any stage of pregnancy, but is more common in the second or third trimester. […] Gestational diabetes does not usually cause any symptoms. […] Most cases are only discovered when your blood sugar levels are tested during screening for gestational diabetes. […] Some women may develop symptoms if their blood sugar levels gets too high (hyperglycaemia), such as increased thirst, needing to pee more often than usual, a dry mouth, tiredness, blurred eyesight, genital itching or thrush. […] Most women with gestational diabetes have otherwise normal pregnancies with healthy babies. […] However, gestational diabetes can cause problems such as your baby growing larger than usual, polyhydramnios, premature birth, pre-eclampsia, your baby developing low blood sugar or jaundice after he or she is born, and the loss of your baby (stillbirth) though this is rare.

• #19 Gestational Diabetes | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in a woman who has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. […] All diabetic symptoms disappear following delivery. […] Some of these hormones (estrogen, cortisol, and human placental lactogen) can have a blocking effect on insulin. This is called contra-insulin effect, which usually begins about 20 to 24 weeks into the pregnancy. […] When the production of insulin is not enough to overcome the effect of the placental hormones, gestational diabetes results. […] Gestational diabetes may be diagnosed with a 50 gram glucose screening test, which involves drinking a glucose drink followed by measurement of blood sugar levels after one hour. […] If this test shows a blood sugar level of greater than 140 mg/dL, a three-hour glucose tolerance test may be performed after a few days of following a special diet.

• #20 Diabetes New Zealand

  https://www.diabetes.org.nz/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes occurs when a pregnant woman has high levels of glucose in her blood. High blood glucose is caused because the mother cant produce enough insulin (a pregnant persons insulin needs are two to three times that of normal). […] Unlike type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes is only temporary and usually disappears after pregnancy. However, a person who has had gestational diabetes has an increased risk (50-60%) of developing type 2 diabetes in the future; therefore they should be tested for type 2 diabetes each year. […] Untreated, the high sugar (and fat) in the blood of a woman with gestational diabetes can overfeed the baby while it is in the womb, leading to „macrosomia” or a larger than average baby (weighing more than 4kg). Premature birth (baby being born before 37 weeks) is more common. Miscarriage (before 23 weeks) and stillbirth rates (baby dying before birth) are also higher. An increased chance of getting urinary tract infections. Much higher risk of developing diabetes in the future.

• #21 Gestational diabetes – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355345

  If you’re at average risk of gestational diabetes, you’ll likely have a screening test during your second trimester between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. […] If you’re at high risk of diabetes for example, if you’re overweight or obese before pregnancy; you have a mother, father, sibling or child with diabetes; or you had gestational diabetes during a previous pregnancy your health care provider may test for diabetes early in pregnancy, likely at your first prenatal visit. […] A blood sugar level of 190 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 10.6 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), indicates gestational diabetes. […] If at least two of the blood sugar readings are higher than expected, you’ll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes. […] Managing your blood sugar levels helps keep you and your baby healthy.

• #22 Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: Causes, Risks, Management

  https://idf.org/about-diabetes/types-of-diabetes/gestational-diabetes/

  Gestational diabetes (GDM) is caused by high blood glucose that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. Diabetes during pregnancy can affect the health of the mother and the baby, with possible long-term consequences. It can lead to pregnancy-related complications, including high blood pressure, large birth weight babies and obstructed labour. However, lifestyle changes and medication can help manage the condition. […] Gestational diabetes often has no symptoms. However, some women may experience symptoms such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, blurred vision, nausea, and frequent infections, such as yeast infections. […] Early detection of gestational diabetes is crucial for prompt treatment, which can help prevent complications for both mother and baby. Women at high risk of gestational diabetes should be screened during their first prenatal visit. Further recommendations advise screening all pregnant women for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks.

• #23 Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2320

  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by an inadequate pancreatic β-cell response to pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology involves reduced incretin hormone secretion and signaling, specifically decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), impairing insulinotropic effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), impair insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation, disrupting insulin-mediated glucose uptake. β-cell dysfunction in GDM is associated with decreased pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) expression, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (CHOP, GRP78), and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to impaired ATP production and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Excessive gestational weight gain exacerbates insulin resistance through hyperleptinemia, which downregulates insulin receptor expression via JAK/STAT signaling. Additionally, hypoadiponectinemia decreases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in skeletal muscle, impairing GLUT4 translocation. Placental hormones such as human placental lactogen (hPL) induce lipolysis, increasing circulating free fatty acids which activate protein kinase C, inhibiting insulin signaling. Placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) overactivity elevates cortisol levels, which activate glucocorticoid receptors to further reduce insulin sensitivity. GDM diagnostic thresholds (≥92 mg/dL fasting, ≥153 mg/dL post-load) are lower than type 2 diabetes to prevent fetal hyperinsulinemia and macrosomia. Management strategies focus on lifestyle modifications, including dietary carbohydrate restriction and exercise. Pharmacological interventions, such as insulin or metformin, aim to restore AMPK signaling and reduce hepatic glucose output. Emerging therapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, show potential in improving glycemic control and reducing inflammation. A mechanistic understanding of GDM pathophysiology is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent both adverse pregnancy outcomes and the progression to overt diabetes in affected women.

• #24 Gestational diabetes – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339

  If you have gestational diabetes, your baby may be at increased risk of: Excessive birth weight. If your blood sugar level is higher than the standard range, it can cause your baby to grow too large. Very large babies those who weigh 9 pounds or more are more likely to become wedged in the birth canal, have birth injuries or need a C-section birth. […] Gestational diabetes may also increase your risk of: High blood pressure and preeclampsia. Gestational diabetes raises your risk of high blood pressure, as well as preeclampsia a serious complication of pregnancy that causes high blood pressure and other symptoms that can threaten both your life and your baby’s life. […] If you have gestational diabetes, you’re more likely to get it again during a future pregnancy. You also have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes as you get older.

• #25

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gestational-diabetes/treatment/

  If you have gestational diabetes, the chances of having problems with the pregnancy can be reduced by controlling your blood sugar (glucose) levels. […] You’ll also need to be more closely monitored during pregnancy and labour to check if treatment is working and for any problems. […] Diabetes can increase the risk of your baby developing problems, such as growing larger than usual. […] Your blood sugar levels can increase as your pregnancy progresses, so even if they improve at first, you may need to take medicine later in pregnancy. […] If your blood sugar is within normal levels and there are no concerns about your or your baby’s health, you may be able to wait for labour to start naturally. […] However, you’ll usually be offered induction of labour or a caesarean section if you have not given birth by 40 weeks and 6 days. […] You should have a blood test to check for diabetes 6 to 13 weeks after giving birth. This is because a small number of women with gestational diabetes continue to have raised blood sugar after pregnancy.

• #26 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors | Pampers

  https://www.pampers.com/en-us/pregnancy/prenatal-health-and-wellness/article/gestational-diabetes

  Most pregnant people with gestational diabetes will go on to have healthy babies. However, if your gestational diabetes is untreated or not carefully controlled and monitored by your healthcare provider, it may lead to complications. […] Gestational diabetes also increases your risk of high blood pressure and preeclampsia during pregnancy. […] Blood sugar levels should return to normal soon after giving birth but there is a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

• #26 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors | Pampers

  https://www.pampers.com/en-us/pregnancy/prenatal-health-and-wellness/article/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a person develops high blood sugar during pregnancy. […] Gestational diabetes generally doesn’t present with noticeable signs or symptoms, though some people may experience increased thirst and more frequent urination during pregnancy. […] If gestational diabetes is not managed effectively, it can lead to complications, which we will discuss further in the section, How Can Gestational Diabetes Affect the Baby and Your Pregnancy? […] As the pregnancy progresses, the body produces more hormones that block insulin, increasing the risk of insulin resistance. […] If you have gestational diabetes, your healthcare provider may want you to have more frequent prenatal visits, particularly during the last three months of pregnancy, to check that everything is going well for both you and your baby.

• #27 Gestational Diabetes Symptoms

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gestational-diabetes/guide/symptoms/

  Uncontrolled gestational diabetes can cause a number of problems in both pregnant women and their babies. […] If you are pregnant and develop gestational diabetes, risks to your health include: Preeclampsia, which is a condition that causes dangerously high blood pressure, An increase in amniotic fluid in pregnancy, which can put pressure on nearby organs like the lungs, stomach, and bladder, Preterm delivery, Need for a C-section, Higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. […] If a pregnant woman has gestational diabetes, the baby is also at an increased risk of birth complications and health issues: High birth weight, Preterm birth, Shoulder dystocia (getting stuck in the birth canal), Stillbirth, Breathing difficulties, Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), Long-term higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. […] Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes (high blood sugar) that can develop during pregnancy. Symptoms may include blurred vision, an increase in thirst and urination, and fatigue.

• #28 What Women Should Know About Gestational Diabetes

  https://www.uabmedicine.org/news/what-women-should-know-about-gestational-diabetes/

  Untreated or uncontrolled gestational diabetes can result in other complications for the baby. Most of this is due to the babys exposure to high glucose levels before birth. This excess glucose is stored as fat in the baby which can lead to macrosomia (large babies). Macrosomic infants are at higher risk for birth injuries and difficult deliveries and are more likely to need delivery by Cesarean section. […] Women whove had gestational diabetes before are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, and their children are more likely to become obese or develop type 2 diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes should be tested for type 2 diabetes six weeks after delivering their baby. Even if the test is negative, they should be tested again every 1-3 years.

• #29 Gestational Diabetes: Early Delivery Risks & Prevention

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/gestational-diabetes-symptoms-causes-treatment-5185514

  Most people with gestational diabetes have uncomplicated, full-term births. However, the condition does put a person at risk for preterm birth (delivering your baby before 37 weeks versus a full-term pregnancy of 40 weeks). Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy in a person who did not have diabetes before pregnancy. […] Many times, gestational diabetes won’t have obvious symptoms. You may be a little thirstier than usual or urinate more often—but these are also pregnancy symptoms, so they may go unnoticed. This is why every pregnant person is screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. This way, diabetes can be properly diagnosed and a treatment or management plan can be put in place. […] If your blood sugar is not controlled during pregnancy, this can significantly increase the risk of stillbirth (pregnancy loss at or after 20 weeks). Because blood sugar levels are often a modifiable risk factor, healthcare providers will work with pregnant people to control their blood sugar.

• #30 How Gestational Diabetes Can Impact Your Baby | ADA

  https://diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/pregnancy/gestational-diabetes/how-will-this-impact-my-baby

  Gestational diabetes (GDM) is diabetes you have while youre pregnant if you didnt have diabetes before. GDM starts when your body is not able to use the insulin it needs while youre pregnant. Without enough insulin, blood glucose (blood sugar) cant be moved from your blood for your body to use as energy. This leads to high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). […] GDM affects you later in your pregnancy (during the second or third trimester) after the babys body has formed but is still growing. This means your baby will not be affected the same as the baby of someone who had diabetes before they were pregnant. […] If you have GDM your baby will be at higher risk of: Macrosomia, or a larger baby at birth. Macrosomia can lead to damage to your babys shoulders during birth. Low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia) at birth. Breathing problems at birth. Being born early or stillborn. Obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.

• #31 Gestational Diabetes | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/gestational-diabetes

  If results of the second test are in the abnormal range, gestational diabetes is diagnosed. […] Treatment for gestational diabetes focuses on keeping blood glucose levels in the normal range. […] The complications of gestational diabetes are usually manageable and preventable. […] Refers to a baby that is considerably larger than normal. […] If the maternal blood has too much glucose, the pancreas of the fetus senses the high glucose levels and produces more insulin in an attempt to use this glucose. […] Refers to low blood sugar in the baby immediately after delivery. […] This problem occurs if the mother’s blood sugar levels have been consistently high, causing the fetus to have a high level of insulin in its circulation.

• #32 Gestational Diabetes (GD): Symptoms, Treatment & How It Affects Pregnancy

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/gestational-diabetes/

  Women who have uncontrolled GDM are at risk for having a bigger baby (a condition called macrosomia), making delivery more difficult and C-section more likely. They are also at risk for preeclampsia and stillbirth. […] Uncontrolled diabetes could also lead to potential problems for the baby after birth, such as jaundice, breathing difficulties and low blood sugar levels. Later in life, the baby may be at an increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes. […] If you had gestational diabetes, your baby could be at a higher risk for health problems later in life, including type 2 diabetes, according to the CDC.

• #33 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar levels become high during pregnancy. It affects pregnant people who have never been diagnosed with diabetes. […] If you have gestational diabetes, you usually don’t have symptoms or might blame them on pregnancy. Most find out that they have it during a routine screening. You may notice that: You’re thirstier than usual. You’re hungrier and eat more than usual. You pee more than usual. […] Gestational diabetes usually happens in the second half of pregnancy. […] If you have gestational diabetes, you’ll need treatment as soon as possible to keep yourself and your baby healthy during your pregnancy and delivery. […] If you have gestational diabetes, you have a higher chance of complications. […] Gestational diabetes raises the chance that your baby will be larger than normal. It’s also linked to jaundice, in which the skin looks yellowish. […] Because you had gestational diabetes, you have a greater chance of having type 2 diabetes. But it’s not certain that it will happen, and you can take action to prevent that.

• #34 Gestational Diabetes During Pregnancy – Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.carnegieimaging.com/gestational-diabetes-and-pregnancy/

  At Maternal Fetal Medicine Associates, we take rigorous efforts to make sure that blood glucose levels are in a normal range for all pregnant women with diabetes. Typically, we administer blood sugar screening early in the third trimester (between 24 and 28 weeks) to ensure our patients deliver healthy babies when it’s time. […] If the results of our test show that patients have gestational diabetes mellitus, we put them on a special diabetic diet to manage their carbohydrate intake. […] In most cases, women with gestational diabetes see their blood sugar levels return to normal after giving birth. However, the increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes means it’s important for women to be tested regularly after giving birth to monitor glucose levels and have diabetes diagnosed by a medical professional if and when your symptoms return.

• #35 Gestational Diabetes: Signs, Causes, and Risk Factors | ABC Law Centers: Birth Injury Lawyers

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/gestational-diabetes-signs-causes-and-risk-factors/

  In many cases, it is safest for babies of mothers with gestational diabetes to be delivered in a scheduled delivery prior to 40 weeks. If a mother’s diabetes is poorly controlled, delivery is recommended as early as week 36. […] The high blood sugar levels associated with gestational diabetes are often passed on to the baby through the placenta. This extra amount of energy is put towards growth and can result in a baby being too large (macrosomic), which increases the baby’s risk of a traumatic birth, like getting stuck or injured in the birth canal. […] Once babies are born, they begin to produce their own glucose and energy stores. While in utero, babies produce larger quantities of insulin to process the existing larger supply of blood sugar from the placenta. […] It is common practice to induce labor prior to 40 weeks for women with gestational diabetes as a strategy to reduce complications, especially those related to macrosomia.

• #36 What are the warning signs of gestational diabetes? | Healthy You

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/w/what-are-the-warning-signs-of-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes usually goes away on its own after delivery, Dr. Simpson explains. You may need your blood sugar to continue to be monitored after delivery. […] While gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery, women who have experienced it have a 68% higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life than women who didnt have gestational diabetes.

• #37

  https://www.mercy.net/service/gestational-diabetes/

  Gestational diabetes develops around the 24th week of pregnancy due to hormonal changes that help the baby develop and grow. […] Gestational diabetes does not cause any noticeable symptoms for most expectant mothers. However, symptoms that may you might experience are the same as other types of diabetes and can include: […] Blurred vision […] Fatigue […] Excessive thirst and urination […] Nausea and vomiting […] Weight loss […] Increased infections. […] After delivery, most women who develop gestational diabetes no longer have the condition. […] Your doctor will check your blood sugar at delivery and again 6-12 weeks after delivery to make sure your blood glucose levels have returned to normal.

• #38 Risk factors for progression from gestational diabetes to postpartum type 2 diabetes: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7855576/

  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 6-8% of pregnancies and up to 50% of women with GDM progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) within 5 years postpartum. […] Among those with GDM, up to 50% progress to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) within 5 years, making GDM one of the strongest risk factors for DM. […] Early intervention among women with GDM has the potential to reduce the risk of progressing to DM, lowering the growing burden of DM in the United States and substantially reducing healthcare costs. […] For women in the reproductive years, preventing progression to DM also reduces the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes associated with DM in subsequent pregnancies. […] However, less than 50% of women return for postpartum follow-up raising the importance of identifying women at high risk of progression during pregnancy and the early postpartum period prior to delivery.

• #39 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes usually doesnt show any symptoms during your pregnancy. The only way to know if you have gestational diabetes is to get tested for it at a prenatal care appointment. […] If not, it can lead to some pregnancy complications like early birth, or a larger fetus which can make vaginal birth more difficult or require a C-section. High blood pressure during pregnancy is also more common in people with gestational diabetes, as is developing type 2 diabetes at some point after pregnancy. […] Babies born after a pregnancy where gestational diabetes isnt treated are more likely to be born with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and have type 2 diabetes later in life. […] Around half of all people who get gestational diabetes end up with type 2 diabetes at some point in their lives.

• #40 Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Gestational Diabetes, Maternal-Fetal Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127547-overview

  The prevalence of gestational diabetes is strongly related to the patient’s race and culture. Prevalence rates are higher in black, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian women than in white women. […] In these high-risk populations, the recurrence risk with future pregnancies has been reported to be as high as 68%. […] In addition, approximately one-third will develop overt diabetes mellitus within 5 years of delivery, with higher-risk ethnicities having risks nearing 50%.

• #41 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood glucose (sugar) levels that are discovered during pregnancy. […] Gestational diabetes is generally diagnosed between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy when insulin resistance usually begins. […] If your test results are not normal, you will have a similar type of diabetes test that requires you to fast (not eat anything) before the test. If this second test shows abnormal results, you have gestational diabetes. […] Symptoms include: Confusion, Dizziness, Feeling shaky, Headaches, Sudden hunger, Sweating, Weakness. […] Gestational diabetes may increase your risk of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] If you had gestational diabetes, there is an increased risk that your newborn will develop jaundice. […] Women who have had gestational diabetes have a 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. […] In addition, women who have gestational diabetes during one pregnancy have a 40%-50% chance of developing diabetes in the next pregnancy.

• #42 Gestational Diabetes (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a growing health concern in many parts of the world – it occurs in 2-5% of pregnancies but figures vary considerably depending upon the criteria used. GDM is increasing in prevalence worldwide in tandem with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age. […] Treatment of GDM and good glycaemic control reduce serious perinatal morbidity and may also improve the woman’s health-related quality of life. […] Most women will apparently recover after the pregnancy but with about a 1 in 2 chance of recurrence in a future pregnancy. […] For the women themselves, GDM is a strong risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Women with GDM are almost three times as likely to develop coronary heart disease as women without GDM, and the risk is independent of developing type 2 diabetes. […] Children whose mothers had GDM are more likely to be obese.

• #43 Risk factors for progression from gestational diabetes to postpartum type 2 diabetes: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7855576/

  Throughout the review, we major pathways of risk including genetic, metabolic and behavioral factors that influence progression to DM among women with GDM. […] Among women who develop GDM, both higher pre-pregnancy weight and BMI are associated with an increased risk of progression to abnormal glucose tolerance and DM postpartum. […] Women with lower insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and who require insulin have also been noted to be at increased risk for progressing to DM postpartum. […] The link between adverse pregnancy outcomes and future DM risk among women with GDM may, in part, be explained by the fact that both adverse pregnancy outcomes and DM are more common among obese women. […] The use of prophylactic metformin and lifestyle changes to prevent or delay the onset of DM in high risk groups was investigated in The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Study.

• #44 Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1361

  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, which is clearly not either pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A previous diagnosis of GDM is an established risk factor for developing T2DM in later life, a fact that highlights the importance of postpartum screening to identify those at higher risk of progression and introduce strategies for disease prevention. […] The overall relative risk for T2DM was almost 10 times higher in women with previous GDM than in healthy controls (9.51, 95% confidence interval 7.14 to 12.67, P0.001). […] Women with a history of GDM appear to have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing T2DM than those with a normoglycaemic pregnancy. The magnitude of this risk highlights the importance of intervening to prevent the onset of T2DM, particularly in the early years after pregnancy.

• #45 Risk factors for progression from gestational diabetes to postpartum type 2 diabetes: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7855576/

  Not surprising, healthful behaviors, including diet and physical activity, confer protection against development of DM in women with GDM. […] Postpartum weight gain, independent of BMI before and during pregnancy, may be an important modifiable factor influencing progression to DM risk. […] Sustained levels of glucose intolerance in the postpartum period is a risk factor for early progression to DM. […] Women with GDM during pregnancy are at extremely high risk for progression to DM postpartum overall, yet among women with GDM there is marked variation in the likelihood of going on to develop DM. […] Postpartum weight management through diet and physical activity, breastfeeding, and metformin treatment may help to prevent progression.

• #45

• #46

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gestational-diabetes/

  Having gestational diabetes also means you’re at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. […] If you have gestational diabetes, the chances of having problems with your pregnancy can be reduced by controlling your blood sugar levels. […] Gestational diabetes normally goes away after birth. But women who’ve had it are more likely to develop gestational diabetes again in future pregnancies and type 2 diabetes. […] Some research has suggested that babies of mothers who had gestational diabetes may be more likely to develop diabetes or become obese later in life.

• #47 What are the risks of gestational diabetes for the child?

  https://www.diabinfo.de/en/living-with-diabetes/gestational-diabetes/risks-for-the-child.html

  If the child has a higher birth weight, their shoulders are more likely not to fit through the birth canal. The birthing process then grinds to a halt. This emergency must be treated by experienced obstetricians. […] Children of mothers with gestational diabetes can have adjustment problems directly after the birth. This happens in rare cases even if the gestational diabetes is well managed. […] Many studies indicate that maternal gestational diabetes can promote the development of overweight and obesity in the child. It also appears to increase the risk of the child developing type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. […] The mechanisms by which the mother’s elevated blood glucose levels influence the likelihood of later obesity, type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome are not yet sufficiently clear.

• #48 Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2320

  GDM is a metabolic disorder with profound implications for both maternal and fetal health. This condition is associated with multiple complications, including preeclampsia, hyperglycemia, increased risk of cesarean delivery, psychological stress, and the potential progression to type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Additionally, excessive fetal growth, or macrosomia, is a significant consequence of maternal hyperglycemia. Each of these outcomes has been correlated with complex metabolic, hormonal, and immunological pathways that interact dynamically throughout pregnancy. […] Approximately 50% of women with GDM will develop T2D within 10 to 20 years post-pregnancy and around 5.7% will develop type 1 diabetes (T1D) between 1 and 5 years post-pregnancy. It is imperative to note that the progression of GDM to T1D involves a distinct mechanism of action when compared to GDM which progresses to T2D. Specifically, GDM evolving into T1D is characterized by autoimmunity and rapid β-cell destruction, resulting in an abrupt onset of hyperglycemia.

• #49 Gestational Diabetes | Birth Injury Center

  https://birthinjurycenter.org/pregnancy-complications/gestational-diabetes/

  Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes while pregnant usually see the condition disappear after they give birth, and their blood sugar levels return to normal. Also, most women can experience otherwise normal pregnancies despite the diagnosis. Symptoms will often manifest as very mild, if at all. […] Short-term effects of gestational diabetes on the baby’s health include low blood sugar at the time of birth, breathing problems, jaundice, and a low calcium level. For the mother, gestational diabetes may cause preeclampsia, early delivery, and high blood pressure. Data published by the Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine suggests that gestational diabetes may lead to some long-term maternal or fetal problems. Mothers may have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, or chronic kidney disease in the years after they become pregnant and give birth. For the children born of mothers who develop gestational diabetes, the condition may also result in obesity, altered neurocognitive development, and insulin resistance. The study indicates that these problems could occur across all races and aren’t more significant in one population.

• #50 Everything You Need to Know About Gestational Diabetes | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/everything-you-need-to-know-about-gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs when pregnant people are unable to maintain normal glucose levels in the face of these hormonal changes that occur during normal pregnancy. […] Typically, GDM causes no symptoms. However, it can cause pregnancy complications, including large babies, which can mean difficult deliveries, and risk that the children will have issues managing their blood sugar, which is why its important to test for it. […] GDM is a quintessential example of the concept of pregnancy as a window into a woman’s future health, says Dr. Szmuilowicz. The metabolic stress of pregnancy enables an underlying predisposition to diabetes to become known at a young age, when a woman may be able to enact the lifestyle modifications that could stave off future disease. […] Additionally, research has shown that the mothers blood glucose level during pregnancy influences the future risk of both obesity and glucose intolerance in their child. This means they may be more likely to have prediabetes. […] Typically, GDM goes away after you deliver your baby, but your care team will likely check your glucose levels at a postpartum visit to ensure that your blood sugar levels have returned to normal.

• #51 Managing Your Gestational Diabetes – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/having-a-baby/gestational-diabetes

  GD has no clear symptoms. Some women with GD may have increased thirst or hunger or may need to urinate more often. Pregnant women without GD may also have these same symptoms. […] Its hard to rely on symptoms to diagnose GD, so blood sugar levels should be tested during pregnancy, especially in high-risk women. If tests show high levels, the health care provider will do frequent blood sugar tests for the rest of the pregnancy. Also, testing blood sugar levels at home will help monitor the condition.

• #52 Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes

  A pregnant person with gestational diabetes can develop complications such as high blood pressure (preeclampsia) or type 2 diabetes. You may also require cesarean delivery, commonly referred to as a C-section. […] The risk of gestational diabetes in future pregnancies also increases. […] If you receive a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, youll need to monitor your blood sugar level several times per day during pregnancy. If its high, dietary changes and exercise may be enough to bring it down. […] Research has found that about 15% to 30% of women who develop gestational diabetes will need insulin to lower their blood sugar. Insulin is safe for the developing baby.

• #52 Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes

  Most people who develop gestational diabetes dont have any symptoms. Healthcare professionals often detect the condition during a routine blood sugar test or oral glucose tolerance test, which is usually performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. […] In rare cases, a person with gestational diabetes will also experience increased thirst or urination. […] Gestational diabetes occurs as the result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that make a pregnant persons cells less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This can cause high blood sugar during pregnancy. […] People who are overweight when they get pregnant or who gain too much weight during pregnancy are more likely to get gestational diabetes. […] Unmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to problems that affect both the mother and baby. Complications affecting the baby can include: premature birth, higher-than-typical weight at birth, increased risk for type 2 diabetes later in life, low blood sugar, jaundice, stillbirth.

• #53 Gestational Diabetes: Early Delivery Risks & Prevention

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/gestational-diabetes-symptoms-causes-treatment-5185514

  However, if blood sugar levels remain high, your healthcare provider might discuss early induction with you to prevent complications or stillbirth. […] Babies with macrosomia, or weighing more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces at birth, are at risk for injuries during birth, and the person giving birth is also at risk for complications. […] An early delivery may be induced, but it may not, especially if there are no other complications. However, an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth starting at 25 weeks has been noted in those with macrosomic babies. […] This association has been consistent over time; an older study from 2003 also found that the risk of preterm birth increased with higher blood sugar levels. This is one reason you will be monitored more closely if you have gestational diabetes.

• #54 What is gestational diabetes? Symptoms, causes & treatment | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/what-is-gestational-diabetes/

  Gestational diabetes may put a little wrench in your pregnancy plan. […] If you have gestational diabetes, it means your glucose levels are too high. Only pregnant women can get gestational diabetes. […] When you are pregnant, your baby shares your bloodstream. So, if the glucose levels in your bloodstream are a little too high, then your baby’s glucose levels are also high. […] This means your baby is getting more calories than they need. And it means they will grow bigger than normal. This could lead to a C-section, traumatic birth or early delivery. […] After your baby is born and begins using their own bloodstream, rather than depending on yours, the doctor will test your baby’s blood sugar to make sure everything is okay. […] Because you have gestational diabetes, you have a 50 percent chance of getting type 2 diabetes later in your life. But, developing type 2 diabetes can be prevented by losing weight and daily physical activity.

• #55 Gestational Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gestational-diabetes

  Gestational diabetes typically develops between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. […] If you do experience symptoms, they’ll likely be mild. Diabetes symptoms may include: fatigue, blurred vision, excessive thirst, excessive need to urinate, yeast infections. […] If poorly managed, gestational diabetes can also raise your child’s chance of developing diabetes. It can increase the possibility of complications for you and your baby during pregnancy and delivery. […] If gestational diabetes is not managed well or left untreated, blood sugar levels may remain higher than they should be throughout your pregnancy. This can lead to complications that affect the health of you and your baby before, during, and after birth. […] Your blood sugar should return to typical levels after you give birth. But developing gestational diabetes raises your risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. A doctor will test you for diabetes 6 to 12 weeks after your baby is born, and again every 1 to 3 years.

• #56 Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2320

  GDM is generally defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Typically emerging in the second and third trimester, GDM is associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or delayed response to glucose levels and substantial insulin resistance second to placental hormonal release. The global prevalence of GDM has been on the rise, largely attributed to factors such as increased maternal age, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles. However, the exact prevalence varies widely depending on the population studied, diagnostic criteria used, and geographic region. In 2021, a study reported the global prevalence of GDM as 14.7%, based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, the most used screening method worldwide. In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that the proportion of mothers diagnosed with GDM increased from 6.0% in 2016 to 8.3% by 2021. This upward trend in GDM diagnosis was observed across all maternal age groups. Furthermore, a clear correlation between increasing maternal age and higher rates of GDM was evident. The CDC also found that in 2021 the incidence of GDM in mothers aged 40 years and older reached 15.6%, which was nearly six-fold the rate observed in mothers under 20 years, who had a rate of just 2.7%.

• #57 Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Practice Essentials, Gestational Diabetes, Maternal-Fetal Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127547-overview

  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. […] A study by Stuebe et al found this condition to be associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction in women at 3 years after delivery, separate from other clinical risk factors. […] Gestational diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of cases of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, while preexisting type 2 diabetes accounts for 8% of such cases. […] Women with prediabetes identified before pregnancy should be considered at extremely high risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. As such, they should receive early (first-trimester) diabetic screening. […] A study by Stuebe et al found that gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy are associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction at 3 years after delivery, separate from other clinical risk factors.

• #58 Gestational Diabetes Symptoms

  https://www.myhealthexplained.com/diabetes-information/diabetes-articles/gestational-diabetes-symptoms

  Gestational diabetes often develops in pregnant women around the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy. […] There are no obvious symptoms of gestational diabetes, as many of the changes that occur due to diabetes can be similar to the changes that occur due to pregnancy. […] Some of the general symptoms of diabetes in women include: Fatigue and irritability, Excessive thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration, Ongoing hunger, Vaginal and oral yeast infections, and vaginal thrush, Dry and itchy skin, Cuts and wounds that dont heal quickly, Pain and numbness in your feet or legs, Blurred vision, Changes in weight, Urinary tract infections, Female sexual dysfunction, Polycystic ovary syndrome. […] If you experience any symptoms of gestational diabetes or you have risk factors for developing gestational diabetes, it is important to be tested at 24-28 weeks gestation.

• #59 Gestational diabetes: symptoms, care and diet University of Navarra Clinic

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/diabetes-gestational

  For the diagnosis of possible pregnancy-induced diabetes, one of the outward signs is a significant weight gain by the mother between visits to the doctor. […] If a woman has this increase, a diabetes screening test will be performed. This test is called the O’Sullivan test. It should be done between 24 and 28 weeks. If she is altered, she should have her blood glucose curve done, on an empty stomach, with 100 g of glucose for three hours. The diagnosis is made if there are two or more elevated data including fasting. […] To treat gestational diabetes, the most important thing is to properly control, with diet and light exercise, the mother’s sugar levels. […] The current recommendations establish the need to initiate pharmacological treatment, once the diet and physical exercise program fails to maintain the established basal and postprandial glycemic objectives. […] Pregnancy-induced diabetes, type A1 and A2, does have a higher risk of the mother developing type 2 diabetes in the future.

• #60 Diabetes Testing | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-testing/index.html

  Gestational diabetes usually develops around the 24th week of pregnancy. You’ll probably be tested between 24 and 28 weeks. […] If you’re at higher risk for gestational diabetes, your doctor may test you earlier. If your blood sugar is higher than normal early in your pregnancy, you may not have gestational diabetes. You may have type 1 or type 2 diabetes instead.

• #61 Overview: Gestational diabetes – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK293712/

  Gestational diabetes usually doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. If blood sugar levels increase a lot, it may lead to problems such as tiredness, physical weakness or increased thirst, like in other forms of diabetes. These symptoms tend to be mild, and are then often thought to be normal effects of pregnancy. […] The vast majority of women who develop gestational diabetes experience an otherwise normal pregnancy and go on to give birth to a healthy baby. […] Women who have gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.

• #62 Diabetes New Zealand

  https://www.diabetes.org.nz/gestational-diabetes

  Babies are at increased risk of developing diabetes or obesity (having a body mass index of more than 30) later in life. […] In most cases, gestational diabetes is able to be managed by diet and exercise during the pregnancy. It usually disappears after the baby is born once the need for high levels of insulin (during pregnancy) has gone. Some women with gestational diabetes require insulin to manage their blood sugar levels in a healthy range during the pregnancy. If you do need insulin, it will help to keep both you and your baby healthy during the pregnancy. […] Remember, if you have had gestational diabetes you should be checked for type 2 diabetes every year for the rest of your life. Your best defence against developing type 2 diabetes is to try to keep your body weight lean and get plenty of physical exercise.

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