Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Burning mouth syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome

  Treatment depends on whether you have primary or secondary burning mouth syndrome. […] There’s no known cure for primary burning mouth syndrome. And there’s no one sure way to treat it. Solid research on the most effective methods is lacking. Treatment depends on what symptoms you have and is aimed at controlling them. You may need to try several treatments before finding one or a combination that helps reduce your mouth discomfort. And it may take time for treatments to help manage symptoms. Treatment options may include: saliva replacement products, specific oral rinses or lidocaine, which causes numbness to help relieve pain, capsaicin, a pain reliever that comes from chili peppers, alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant that may help relieve nerve pain, a medicine used to control seizures called clonazepam (Klonopin), certain antidepressants, medications that block nerve pain, cognitive behavioral therapy to develop practical skills to address anxiety and depression, deal with stress, and cope with ongoing pain.

• #1 Burning mouth syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome

  For secondary burning mouth syndrome, treatment depends on the underlying conditions that may be causing your mouth discomfort. For example, treating an oral infection or taking supplements for a low vitamin level may relieve your discomfort. That’s why it’s important to try to find the cause. Once any underlying causes are treated, your burning mouth syndrome symptoms should get better.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0215/p615.html

  Given in low dosages, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants may be effective in patients with burning mouth syndrome. […] The treatment of burning mouth syndrome is usually directed at its symptoms and is the same as the medical management of other neuropathic pain conditions. […] Studies generally support the use of low dosages of clonazepam (Klonopin), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline [Elavil]). […] Evidence also supports the utility of a low dosage of gabapentin (Neurontin). […] Topical capsaicin has been used as a desensitizing agent in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

• #1 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  A more significant volume in terms of sample size, multi-centres, and multi-arm comparison of therapeutic agents with placebo and longitudinal follow-up studies is recommended to establish a standardised burning mouth syndrome treatment protocol. Further studies are required to assess the analgesic benefits of topical clonazepam and capsaicin, alternative medicines with neurodegenerative prevention capability and psychology support in treating burning mouth syndrome and reducing systemic adverse drug reactions. […] The efficacy of clonazepam in reducing BMS pain symptoms was reported in two studies with oral and one with topical administration. […] Administration of 2 mg clonazepam has been reported to reduce VAS score significantly at 4 months. […] Patients receiving 300mg gabapentin has shown a similar result to alpha lipoic acid (ALA), with half of the total number of patients evidencing improvement in pain or total pain recovery.

• #1 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  At 4 months of assessment, 150 mg pregabalin showed a significant reduction in VAS scores. […] Administration of 100 mg trazodone daily for the first 4 days followed by 200 mg for 8 weeks significantly decreased patients VNS pain intensity against baseline. […] The use of citalopram 10 mg daily followed by an increment to 20 mg after 1 week showed an improvement of VAS score of 87.45%. […] Rinsing with 250 mg of chilli powder emulsified in 50 ml water with a dose concentration of 3.54 gml capsaicin has been reported to induce a significant reduction in VAS score. […] A significant reduction in pain score by three to five units was observed in the study using the red and infrared laser. […] Lysozyme lactoperoxidase (Biotene) rinse was prescribed to BMS patients diagnosed with xerostomia and reported a decrease in pain score of 1.7 units during short-term assessment.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Treatment should be tailored to your individual needs. Depending on the cause of your BMS symptoms, possible treatments may include: […] prescribing medications to: […] When no underlying cause can be found which is in the majority of cases, treatment is aimed at the symptoms to try to reduce the pain associated with burning mouth syndrome. […] Symptoms often improve following reassurance that there is no serious disease present in the mouth. […] In the same way that low doses of antidepressants can help patients with neuralgia even if they are not depressed, sometimes low doses of antidepressants can relieve the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome (e.g. 10mg Amitriptyline to be taken at night). There is also some evidence to support the use of Alpha Lipoic Acid supplements that can be obtained from stores/on-line from companies like Holland Barrett.

• #1 Burning mouth syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/burning-mouth-syndrome

  Reported treatments include: Anti-depressants, particularly tricyclics, are the most commonly used treatment and should be started in low dose as dry mouth is a common side effect e.g. amitriptyline starting with 10mg before bed, increasing slowly up to a maximum of 150mg as tolerated or required. […] These treatments may be used alone or in combination, particularly with cognitive behaviour therapy.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Orofacial Pain

  https://orofacialpain.org.uk/education/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Nortriptyline Nortriptyline, a Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is also effective in reducing pain in patients with BMS due to its analgesic action (Fenelon, Quinque, Arrive, Catros, Fricain, 2017). However, amitriptyline is related to adverse effects, such as drowsiness, xerostomia, weight gain and constipation, making it less tolerable for patients (Suga et al., 2019). In this case, gabapentin can be prescribed. Gabapentin can cause same adverse effects; however, the risk of addition is low, and some patients may tolerate it better (White, Kent, Kurtz, Emko, 2004). […] Topical Clonazepam The 2 types of treatment for BMS are pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. BMS is associated with psychological disorders, therefore, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and psychotherapy can be used to manage this syndrome (Reyad, Mishriky, Girgis, 2020). Topical clonazepam is considered as the first line therapy in patients with BMS; it improves the BMS pain, although just like any other benzodiazepines its effects is short term. It is topical as it can be associated with addiction (Heckmann, Kirchner, Grushka, Wichmann, Hummel, 2012; Tu et al., 2019; Wright, 2020).

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  If no underlying cause is found, there are some medications that have been found to be effective. Clonazepam, which helps depress the nervous system, is often a first-line therapy. Antidepressants, such as paroxetine or sertraline, and gabapentin, a medication that also depresses the nervous system, are sometimes used for burning mouth syndrome. There is disagreement in medical literature if alpha-lipoic acid is beneficial for burning mouth syndrome, but some patients have found it to be beneficial. Certain topical medications such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory medications, sucralfate, and capsaicin have been used with varying success in patients and may be recommend in certain patients. […] Even though there is a hormonal link to burning mouth syndrome, hormone replacement therapy is usually not recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy has been shown to be very beneficial in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Your doctor may recommend a consultation with a psychiatrist in certain cases. Fortunately, data suggest that up to 50 percent of patients have some resolution of symptoms without any treatment within a few years of diagnosis.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome – Mouth and Dental Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/lip-and-tongue-disorders/burning-mouth-syndrome

  If doctors find a cause of the mouth pain, they treat that. […] Several measures help to reduce symptoms. Saliva substitutes, ice chips, frequent drinks of water, or use of chewing gum (sugarless) may help stimulate saliva and keep the mouth moist. Antidepressants, such as nortriptyline, or antianxiety medications, such as clonazepam, are sometimes helpful for the emotional changes that can also develop, but these medications may make the pain symptoms worse by causing dry mouth. Capsaicin cream, gabapentin, and vitamin supplements (B and C) also may be helpful. […] Cognitive-behavioral therapy may sometimes help when other treatments do not. Sometimes symptoms disappear without treatment but may return.

• #1 Pharmacological treatment of burning mouth syndrome: A review and update

  http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1698-69462007000400007

  Analgesics have also been used to treat the symptoms of BMS. These drugs were selected in view of their usefulness in treating other chronic pain disorders (capsaicin) or other alterations of the oral mucosa involving pain (benzidamine hydrochloride). […] In view of the results obtained, it can be affirmed that capsaicin and clonazepam, administered systemically via the oral route, can be discarded because of their adverse reactions. Gabapentin has not shown efficacy. While alpha-lipoic acid appears useful, it loses efficacy over time. Benzidamine and trazodone have not been shown to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of BMS, and trazodone moreover generates an important number of adverse effects. With amisulpiride, paroxetine, sertraline and sucralfate, the patients reported improvement – though the study designs were deficient. Topical clonazepam presently seems to be the best option, with healing of almost half of all patients (40%).

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome – Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Burning mouth syndrome treatment […] There is no specific cure for burning mouth syndrome. The best thing you can do is address your symptoms. Treatment is based on your symptoms, their severity, and the underlying cause. Possible treatment options include: […] Products to produce saliva and relieve dry mouth […] Vitamin supplements (such as iron, zinc, or vitamin B) to provide nutrition […] Ointments (such as Capsaicin) to relieve pain […] Depression or anxiety medicines to relieve pain and improve your nervous system […] If your doctor thinks a certain medicine is causing BMS, they might suggest switching to a new one. […] If your doctor can’t find a cause, they may recommend trying oral thrush medicines, B vitamin supplements, or antidepressants. These have been found to be effective in treating BMS.

• #1 Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://askthedentist.com/burning-mouth/

  Iron-rich foods can also help. In one study, 53% of patients with BMS had an iron deficiency, and foods like many of the B12 foods mentioned above, dark chocolate, lentils, pistachios, raisins, spinach, and spirulina. […] Alpha lipoic acid supplementation made an improvement in 64% of patients. Foods with a high level of alpha lipoic acid include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, tomatoes, peas, and beets. […] A capsaicin rinse can improve symptoms in 80% of patients. Capsaicin is a chemical found in chili peppers, and has been shown to treat peripheral nerve pain. […] Baking soda rinse. This cost-effective solution is easy to whip up when burning mouth hits. Just grab a mug and combine one third of a cup of water with a teaspoon and teaspoon of baking soda. […] Reducing stress. Stress and any resulting depression or anxiety can be risk factors for burning mouth syndrome. Reducing this stress can reduce the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome. Implementing calming practices like yoga, journaling, or even cognitive behavioral therapy can regulate symptoms and improve quality of life. […] Stay hydrated. Sucking (not chewing!) on ice chips, taking frequent sips of water, and chewing on sugarless gum can all keep the mouth hydrated and saliva production at helpful levels.

• #1 Six Over-the-Counter Remedies for Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://www.laurenlevidmd.com/single-post/10-over-the-counter-remedies-for-burning-mouth-syndrome

  6. Zinc Supplements […] Low zinc levels have also been associated with BMS. Zinc supplements, available over the counter, might help improve symptoms, especially if you’re deficient. Always check with your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen. […] While these over-the-counter remedies can provide relief, it’s important to remember that BMS can have various underlying causes, ranging from nutritional deficiencies to autoimmune conditions. Before starting any new treatment, it’s advisable to consult with a board certified orofacial pain specialist to ensure it’s appropriate for your situation. Additionally, if symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical advice is crucial to rule out other potential conditions. […] Burning Mouth Syndrome can be challenging to manage, but with the right approach, you can find relief and improve your quality of life.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome

  Since theres a link between BMS and reduced estrogen levels, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may relieve symptoms in menopausal women, although more studies are needed to evaluate how effective this therapy is. […] If your doctor finds that theres a specific medical condition causing your BMS, stopping the burning sensation involves treating the underlying health problem. […] If you dont have an underlying health problem, BMS usually resolves on its own. In the meantime, take these steps to ease symptoms: […] Drink or sip cold liquids throughout the day to relieve mouth pain. Some people experience relief after drinking. […] Change your toothpaste. If burning worsens after brushing your teeth, switch to a toothpaste specifically for people with mouth sensitivities, or use baking soda as a toothpaste or mouth rinse. Dissolve a spoonful of baking soda in lukewarm water and rinse your mouth to neutralize acid and cool the burning sensation. […] Stay active and practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress, like yoga, exercise, and meditation.

• #1 Six Over-the-Counter Remedies for Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://www.laurenlevidmd.com/single-post/10-over-the-counter-remedies-for-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a perplexing and painful condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, often without any visible signs of irritation. […] There are several treatment options for burning mouth syndrome. While many are prescription, here’s a list of some of the over the counter effective options: […] 1. Saliva Substitutes and Moisturizers […] BMS is often accompanied by dry mouth, so saliva substitutes may provide relief. These products, available as sprays, gels, or lozenges, mimic natural saliva, keeping your mouth moist and reducing discomfort. Look for alcohol free ones with xylitol, which not only stimulate salivary flow but also helps prevent cavities. […] 2. Mouth Rinses with Mild Anesthetics […] Over-the-counter mouth rinses containing mild anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine, can numb the affected areas temporarily, providing relief from the burning sensation. However, these should be used sparingly, as overuse may lead to irritation.

• #1 Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/view.html?uid=1228&&vmd=Full

  Neuropathic pain medications such as clonazepam, anticonvulsant, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and topical capsaicin have been used and studied for the treatment of BMS. […] The most widely used and studied medication is clonazepam. […] Topical capsaicin activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and desensitizes the peripheral nociceptive C and A fibers. […] Non-pharmacological treatments for BMS have included LLLT, rTMS, and tongue protectors. […] If the patients scored high on anxiety or depression, it is strongly advised that they be referred to a psychiatrist for psychiatric intervention. […] BMS is difficult to manage and completely cure. […] Objective information and reassurance are very important in treating BMS and should be delivered to the patient.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome Treated with Low-Level Laser and Clonazepam: A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/5/1048

  In relation to the non-pharmacological strategies, minimally invasive treatments have been investigated in recent years, including low-level diode laser (light) therapy (LLLT). This technique is well accepted by both patients and clinicians, as it is a painless procedure, and many studies have reported improvements in patient quality of life following its use as an alternative for producing BMS symptom relief. […] The present study showed that LLLT using the Helbo® Theralite Laser 3D Pocket Probe at a setting of 6 J/cm² = 200 mW/cm² for 30 s at each point of the oral mucosa presenting symptoms, applied once a week for one month in patients with BMS, resulted in a significant decrease in pain intensity (p = 0.005) in group 3 (laser). […] The results of the present study suggest that LLLT is a good treatment option, reducing pain and burning sensation in patients with BMS and lowering the levels of salivary inflammatory markers. Further large-scale studies would be needed to confirm these findings.

• #1 Burning mouth syndrome: Study suggests low level laser therapy can offer instant relief

  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-03-mouth-syndrome-laser-therapy-instant.html

  A study suggests that low-level laser therapy (PBM) offers immediate pain relief for Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) patients. Over 10 weeks, 30 participants experienced a significant drop in pain scores after each treatment. […] The study focused on investigating how PBM influences individuals with BMS. Utilizing special lights to stimulate cell function, the 30 BMS patients received intraoral treatment for 10 weeks. Pain assessments were conducted using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after each treatment, with a calculation of weekly average VAS aiming to evaluate both the immediate and long-term effects of PBM on alleviating BMS symptoms. […] PBM emerges as a promising avenue for providing immediate pain relief to BMS patients. While the efficacy diminishes in the week following treatment, the study underscores a notable trend of increased pain relief with repeated sessions, especially up to the third treatment.

• #1 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  Ten days of 30,000 pulses of rTMS therapy over the left GDLPFC significant reduced VAS score. […] The hypothesis of wearing the tongue protector to prevent continuous irritation of tongue on teeth or denture has a statistically significant difference in improvement in VAS score between wearer and non-wearer. […] At the end of weekly behavioural therapy for 1215 weeks, patients reported a significant improvement in their pain score for both short- and long-term effects.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Orofacial Pain

  https://orofacialpain.org.uk/education/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  The most effective treatments for BMS are; […] Cognitive behavioural therapy CBT is one of the effective nonpharmacological therapies. Research showed that this approach improves the BMS pain and discomfort for 6-12 months, however, a long course of treatment (12-16 sessions) is expensive and unaffordable for most patients (Tu et al., 2019). In contrast to this, group psychotherapy sessions can be an alternative due to their cost-effectiveness (Miziara, Filho, Oliveira, Rodrigues dos Santos, 2009). Acupuncture is a technique applied in traditional Chinese medicine that can be used to manage chronic pain (Cheung Trudgill, 2015). The study by Scardina, Ruggieri, Provenzano, and Messina (2010) demonstrated significant improvements in the burning sensation after 3 weeks of acupuncture; the improvement caused by acupuncture was shown to last for 18 months.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome (Burning Tongue): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/burning-mouth-syndrome-facts

  If your doctor finds a health problem or other cause for your burning mouth, you have secondary BMS. They’ll treat the issue, and your symptoms should get better. If not, there’s no known cure for burning mouth syndrome, but there are ways to ease and control your symptoms. […] Depending on the cause of your BMS, the doctor may suggest one or more of these treatments: […] Medicines that help with nerve-related pain, such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor) […] Capsaicin, a pain reliever made from hot peppers […] Clonazepam (Klonopin), taken in low doses […] Female hormone replacement […] Mouth rinses […] Products that replace your saliva […] Vitamin supplements. […] Also, here are a few things you can do to ease your symptoms: […] Avoid acidic foods such as tomatoes and orange and citrus juices.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome (Burning Tongue): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/burning-mouth-syndrome-facts

  Avoid alcohol, including mouthwashes with alcohol. […] Avoid cinnamon and mint. […] Avoid spicy foods. […] Avoid tobacco. […] Drink a lot of fluids. […] Manage stress with yoga or hobbies. […] Stay socially active or join a pain support group. […] If you are searching for ways to ease your BMS symptoms quickly, you can start by drinking cold water and sucking on ice chips. You can also chew sugar-free gum, which will help you make more saliva. These steps can help you fight dry mouth and reduce pain.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Symptoms & Treatment of Burning Tongue

  https://www.yourdentistryguide.com/burning-mouth/

  In addition, topical capsaicin (the natural chemical in cayenne pepper) has been used to desensitize patients suffering from burning mouth syndrome. […] However, despite the success of these approaches in certain situations, there is no universal treatment that is effective in all cases. Treatment is planned to meet the specific needs of each patient. […] Additional relief may be achieved by making some simple changes: Stop using mouthwash that contains alcohol. Stop using toothpaste that contains sodium lauryl sulfate. Chew sugarless gum, preferably sweetened with xylitol. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Use baking soda and water when brushing your teeth. Refrain from drinking beverages with high acidity (fruit juices, coffee, soft drinks). Abstain from tobacco use. Sip water or suck on ice chips.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome Symptoms and 9 Home Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Some patients report that placing a teaspoon of local, raw honey on your tongue and swishing it around will temporarily relieve the burning sensation. […] A study published in the journal Oral Medicine and Pathology found that 600 mg/day of alpha lipoic acid was effective in improving burning mouth syndrome symptoms. […] Participating in regular aerobic exercise and activities, including yoga and guided meditation, can help reduce the stress load while you are searching for relief from the symptoms. […] Natural remedies may help to reduce the discomfort, pain, dry mouth and depression associated with burning mouth syndrome. […] Nine home remedies to help burning mouth syndrome symptoms include capsaicin rinses, vitamin B12, iron-rich foods, zinc, baking soda, mouth rinse, honey, alpha lipoic acid and stress-relieving activities.

• #1 Treating Burning Mouth Syndrome – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/treating-burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Successful treatment of BMS is dependent on a number of factors including ascertaining a correct diagnosis followed by diagnosis confirmation, patient acceptance and understanding of the likely clinical course, and patient participation in the development of a treatment strategy. Patient compliance and feedback during treatment and the ongoing interest of the clinician are also important. […] Treatment options vary from no treatment (the most common) to physical therapy to laser therapy (seldom used). Pharmaceuticals such as anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants are often prescribed. Tricyclic antidepressants in particular have proven helpful for some patients but not all. […] Although only a limited number of properly constructed treatment trials have been conducted, treatments proven effective in controlled double-blind studies are cognitive behavior therapy; clonazepam, an anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant used either topically or systemically; and the nutritional supplement alpha-lipoic acid, which is a fatty acid found naturally inside every cell in the body that produces energy for the body’s everyday functions.

• #1 Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/view.html?uid=1228&&vmd=Full

  Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review J Oral Med Pain 2023;48:11-15 Published online March 30, 2023; https://doi.org/10.14476/jomp.2023.48.1.11 […] There is pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment modalities of BMS. […] The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce the patient’s pain so that it does not interfere with daily life, and to eventually improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), tongue protector, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are the treatment modalities. […] The first step in the BMS treatment is informative intervention and reassurance. […] A doctors reassurance is very important. […] After 6 months, the informative intervention and reassurance in BMS treatment reduced pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and improved quality of life.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://maaom.memberclicks.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81:burning-mouth-syndrome&catid=22:patient-condition-information&Itemid=120

  There is no cure for BMS. Some, if not most, of the discomfort can be alleviated using a variety of medications, many of which are used to treat anxiety, depression, and other neurologic disorders although at lower doses. The medications help to reduce the activity of nerve fibers. […] These medications include clonazepam either as a mouth rinse or in dissolvable wafer or pill form. Others include amitriptyline, nortriptyline doxepin and gabapentin. These medications can cause drowsiness and dry mouth but they are usually taken at night and this may help you to sleep. However, be careful because you may run the risk of falling, especially if you are already taking other medications with a similar side effect. […] Because BMS is a chronic problem, non-pharmacologic approaches to management used alone or in addition to the above medications may be helpful. These include stress management/reduction, meditation, yoga, exercise, psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. If stress, anxiety and/or depression are contributing to BMS, regular use of these techniques or regular counseling may help to reduce symptoms and keep drug dosages low. With any therapy for BMS, it may take several weeks or even months before maximum benefits are achieved.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment

  https://amazingsmiles.com.au/burning-mouth-syndrome-causes-and-treatment/

  Psychological Support and Stress Management […] Given the significant impact of psychological factors on BMS, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychological support can be beneficial. […] Lifestyle Modifications […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing BMS. Patients are advised to avoid tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, and foods that are spicy, acidic, or otherwise irritating to the mouth, as these can aggravate symptoms. […] Treating Burning Mouth Syndrome effectively requires a comprehensive and personalized approach that addresses the conditions physical and psychological components. […] While there is no cure for BMS, a combination of nutritional supplementation, dry mouth management, pain relief strategies, treatment of underlying conditions, psychological support, and lifestyle changes can significantly improve symptoms and enhance quality of life.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14463-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Identifying the root cause isnt always possible. But when it is, it may help find treatment quicker. […] You may be able to ease burning mouth pain by doing the following: Chew sugar-free gum. (This encourages saliva production.), Drink cold water., Sip on cold beverages throughout the day., Suck on ice chips. […] These actions wont get rid of burning mouth syndrome. But they can help reduce pain during flare-ups. […] BMS treatment can provide relief within days or weeks. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific treatment and when you can expect to feel better. […] Treatment cant get rid of the condition for good, but it can help with pain and other symptoms.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome – Facial Pain AssociationIcon / Teal / print@1xicon-plusicon-minusicon-plusicon-minusicon-heart@1xicon-plane

  https://www.facepain.org/understanding-facial-pain/diagnosis/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Treatment for BMS aims to lessen your symptoms. From 50% to 66% of people with BMS will experience some degree of improvement with treatment over a few weeks or months. You may have to try a number of therapies to find the best one or combination for you. Cognitive behavior interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy can be successful at helping you minimize your discomfort with BMS. There are also at-home or homeopathic treatments you may try- remember to check with your doctor before you do. […] Medications for burning mouth syndrome include topical therapies, such as lidocaine gel or capsaicin cream. […] You may determine if certain foods or products trigger your BMS. If so, you can minimize or eliminate your exposure to them. Some common BMS triggers are spicy foods, hot food, acidic food, tobacco, and mouthwash containing alcohol.

• #1 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14463-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Burning mouth syndrome is a painful condition that affects your tongue, lips and other areas inside your mouth. […] Theres no cure, but treatment can help you manage painful symptoms. […] Treatment cant cure burning mouth syndrome, but it can help manage your symptoms. […] These burning mouth syndrome remedies may help ease general discomfort: Mouth rinses with mild numbing effects, Pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil), Saliva substitutes like Biotene, Some antidepressant and antiseizure medications. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasnt approved any drugs specifically for BMS. But the medications mentioned may help manage your symptoms. […] If your healthcare provider knows whats causing burning mouth syndrome, treating that cause can help.

• #1 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic idiopathic intractable intraoral dysaesthesia that remains a challenge to clinicians due to its poorly understood pathogenesis and inconsistent response to various treatments. […] This review aimed to study the short- (3 months) and long-term (3 months) effectiveness and sustainable benefit of different burning mouth syndrome treatment strategies and the associated side effects. […] Nine categories of burning mouth syndrome treatment were identified: Anticonvulsant and antidepressant agents, phytomedicine and alpha lipoic acid supplements, low-level laser therapy, saliva substitute, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive behaviour therapy, topical capsaicin and clonazepam, and laser therapy demonstrated favourable outcome in both short- and long-term assessment.

• #2 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic idiopathic intractable intraoral dysaesthesia that remains a challenge to clinicians due to its poorly understood pathogenesis and inconsistent response to various treatments. […] This review aimed to study the short- (3 months) and long-term (3 months) effectiveness and sustainable benefit of different burning mouth syndrome treatment strategies and the associated side effects. […] Nine categories of burning mouth syndrome treatment were identified: Anticonvulsant and antidepressant agents, phytomedicine and alpha lipoic acid supplements, low-level laser therapy, saliva substitute, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive behaviour therapy, topical capsaicin and clonazepam, and laser therapy demonstrated favourable outcome in both short- and long-term assessment.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14463-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Burning mouth syndrome is a painful condition that affects your tongue, lips and other areas inside your mouth. […] Theres no cure, but treatment can help you manage painful symptoms. […] Treatment cant cure burning mouth syndrome, but it can help manage your symptoms. […] These burning mouth syndrome remedies may help ease general discomfort: Mouth rinses with mild numbing effects, Pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil), Saliva substitutes like Biotene, Some antidepressant and antiseizure medications. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasnt approved any drugs specifically for BMS. But the medications mentioned may help manage your symptoms. […] If your healthcare provider knows whats causing burning mouth syndrome, treating that cause can help.

• #2 Burning mouth syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome

  For secondary burning mouth syndrome, treatment depends on the underlying conditions that may be causing your mouth discomfort. For example, treating an oral infection or taking supplements for a low vitamin level may relieve your discomfort. That’s why it’s important to try to find the cause. Once any underlying causes are treated, your burning mouth syndrome symptoms should get better.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth

  Your dentist may help you manage oral habits that contribute to BMS, such as tooth grinding or jaw clenching. […] Your dentist or doctor may prescribe medication that can help control pain and relieve dry mouth. Sometimes a small dose of topical or systemic clonazepam might help with BMS pain. […] Because BMS is a complex pain disorder, the treatment that works for one person may not work for another. […] Symptoms of secondary BMS may go away when the underlying medical condition, such as diabetes or yeast infection, is treated. If a drug is causing the problem, a doctor may switch you to a different medicine.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://maaom.memberclicks.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81:burning-mouth-syndrome&catid=22:patient-condition-information&Itemid=120

  There is no cure for BMS. Some, if not most, of the discomfort can be alleviated using a variety of medications, many of which are used to treat anxiety, depression, and other neurologic disorders although at lower doses. The medications help to reduce the activity of nerve fibers. […] These medications include clonazepam either as a mouth rinse or in dissolvable wafer or pill form. Others include amitriptyline, nortriptyline doxepin and gabapentin. These medications can cause drowsiness and dry mouth but they are usually taken at night and this may help you to sleep. However, be careful because you may run the risk of falling, especially if you are already taking other medications with a similar side effect. […] Because BMS is a chronic problem, non-pharmacologic approaches to management used alone or in addition to the above medications may be helpful. These include stress management/reduction, meditation, yoga, exercise, psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. If stress, anxiety and/or depression are contributing to BMS, regular use of these techniques or regular counseling may help to reduce symptoms and keep drug dosages low. With any therapy for BMS, it may take several weeks or even months before maximum benefits are achieved.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  If no underlying cause is found, there are some medications that have been found to be effective. Clonazepam, which helps depress the nervous system, is often a first-line therapy. Antidepressants, such as paroxetine or sertraline, and gabapentin, a medication that also depresses the nervous system, are sometimes used for burning mouth syndrome. There is disagreement in medical literature if alpha-lipoic acid is beneficial for burning mouth syndrome, but some patients have found it to be beneficial. Certain topical medications such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory medications, sucralfate, and capsaicin have been used with varying success in patients and may be recommend in certain patients. […] Even though there is a hormonal link to burning mouth syndrome, hormone replacement therapy is usually not recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy has been shown to be very beneficial in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Your doctor may recommend a consultation with a psychiatrist in certain cases. Fortunately, data suggest that up to 50 percent of patients have some resolution of symptoms without any treatment within a few years of diagnosis.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0215/p615.html

  Given in low dosages, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants may be effective in patients with burning mouth syndrome. […] The treatment of burning mouth syndrome is usually directed at its symptoms and is the same as the medical management of other neuropathic pain conditions. […] Studies generally support the use of low dosages of clonazepam (Klonopin), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline [Elavil]). […] Evidence also supports the utility of a low dosage of gabapentin (Neurontin). […] Topical capsaicin has been used as a desensitizing agent in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome (Burning Tongue): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/burning-mouth-syndrome-facts

  If your doctor finds a health problem or other cause for your burning mouth, you have secondary BMS. They’ll treat the issue, and your symptoms should get better. If not, there’s no known cure for burning mouth syndrome, but there are ways to ease and control your symptoms. […] Depending on the cause of your BMS, the doctor may suggest one or more of these treatments: […] Medicines that help with nerve-related pain, such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor) […] Capsaicin, a pain reliever made from hot peppers […] Clonazepam (Klonopin), taken in low doses […] Female hormone replacement […] Mouth rinses […] Products that replace your saliva […] Vitamin supplements. […] Also, here are a few things you can do to ease your symptoms: […] Avoid acidic foods such as tomatoes and orange and citrus juices.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Physiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1508869-overview

  Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a clinical diagnosis made via the exclusion of all other causes. No universally accepted diagnostic criteria, laboratory tests, imaging studies or other modalities definitively diagnose or exclude burning mouth syndrome (BMS). […] The following treatments for primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) have been suggested, with unfortunately variable and conflicting evidence to support their use: Clonazepam (low-dose) dissolvable wafers (may be better than tablets), Alpha-lipoic acid, Intermittent oral capsaicin, Psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral modification, relaxation), Topical capsaicin, Hormone replacement therapy, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclic antidepressants, Oral lidocaine, Near-infrared irradiation of the stellate ganglion, to inhibit sympathetic discharge and improve blood flow to the tongue in glossodynia (still experimental), Topiramate, Olanzapine, Acupuncture (uncontrolled studies).

• #2 Six Over-the-Counter Remedies for Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://www.laurenlevidmd.com/single-post/10-over-the-counter-remedies-for-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a perplexing and painful condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, often without any visible signs of irritation. […] There are several treatment options for burning mouth syndrome. While many are prescription, here’s a list of some of the over the counter effective options: […] 1. Saliva Substitutes and Moisturizers […] BMS is often accompanied by dry mouth, so saliva substitutes may provide relief. These products, available as sprays, gels, or lozenges, mimic natural saliva, keeping your mouth moist and reducing discomfort. Look for alcohol free ones with xylitol, which not only stimulate salivary flow but also helps prevent cavities. […] 2. Mouth Rinses with Mild Anesthetics […] Over-the-counter mouth rinses containing mild anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine, can numb the affected areas temporarily, providing relief from the burning sensation. However, these should be used sparingly, as overuse may lead to irritation.

• #2 Burning mouth syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome

  Treatment depends on whether you have primary or secondary burning mouth syndrome. […] There’s no known cure for primary burning mouth syndrome. And there’s no one sure way to treat it. Solid research on the most effective methods is lacking. Treatment depends on what symptoms you have and is aimed at controlling them. You may need to try several treatments before finding one or a combination that helps reduce your mouth discomfort. And it may take time for treatments to help manage symptoms. Treatment options may include: saliva replacement products, specific oral rinses or lidocaine, which causes numbness to help relieve pain, capsaicin, a pain reliever that comes from chili peppers, alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant that may help relieve nerve pain, a medicine used to control seizures called clonazepam (Klonopin), certain antidepressants, medications that block nerve pain, cognitive behavioral therapy to develop practical skills to address anxiety and depression, deal with stress, and cope with ongoing pain.

• #2 Six Over-the-Counter Remedies for Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://www.laurenlevidmd.com/single-post/10-over-the-counter-remedies-for-burning-mouth-syndrome

  3. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplements […] ALA is a powerful antioxidant that may have some promise in reducing symptoms of BMS. It’s available over the counter in capsule form and may help by reducing oxidative stress in nerve cells, potentially calming the burning sensation. […] 4. Capsaicin-Containing Creams […] Though it may seem counterintuitive, capsaicin—the active component in chili peppers—may desensitize nerves and reduce pain when applied topically. Look for over-the-counter capsaicin creams and apply them carefully to the affected areas. Be sure to follow instructions, as misuse may cause irritation. […] 5. Vitamin B Complex […] Deficiencies in certain B vitamins, particularly B12, B6, and folic acid, have been linked to BMS. Taking a vitamin B complex supplement can help replenish these nutrients and may alleviate symptoms over time. Vitamin deficiencies can be diagnosed by a healthcare provider and may have several underlying causes. This is why it is important to see an orofacial pain specialist if you have burning mouth syndrome.

• #2 Five Approaches to Burning Mouth Syndrome Treatment

  https://sherwoodparkdental.ca/five-approaches-to-burning-mouth-syndrome-treatment-1014/

  If your dentist is convinced that there is nothing in and around the teeth that could be the cause of BMS, he may refer you to a physician or specialist to look for other disorders that have been known to cause BMS, such as diabetes, some thyroid conditions, vitamin and mineral deficiencies or possible allergic reactions to food or other substances. […] According to Mayo Clinic, being deficient in nutrients such as iron, zinc, folate (vitamin B-9), thiamin (vitamin B-1), riboflavin (vitamin B-2), pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) and cobalamin (vitamin B-12) may affect your oral tissues and cause a burning mouth as well. […] Working together with your dentist and physician on specific burning mouth syndrome treatment will go a long way to confronting the possible sources.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome Symptoms and 9 Home Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  According to the American Family Physicians article published on burning mouth syndrome, a capsaicin rinse can help to improve symptoms. […] In fact, one of the studies found that symptoms improved in 80 percent of patients who were given capsaicin. […] If you are experiencing symptoms of burning mouth and any signs of vitamin B12 deficiencies, boosting your intake of B12 is highly recommended. […] In addition to a vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiencies are also considered a burning mouth syndrome cause. […] Like a vitamin B12 or iron deficiency, zinc deficiencies have been linked to burning mouth syndrome. […] In order to relieve symptoms of burning mouth syndrome, mix 1/3 cup of warm water with 1 teaspoons of baking soda together in a mug. […] To combat the dryness itself, and to protect yourself against the side effects of dry mouth, using an all-natural mouth rinse, or oil pulling, can provide some relief.

• #2 Diagnosing and treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome? Understanding Cervical Spine Instability –

  https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  The difficulty doctors face in understanding what Burning Mouth Syndrome is and how to treat it. […] Research: Burning Mouth Syndrome “should be considered in accordance with a biopsychosocial model.” […] There is no satisfactory treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome. […] The conclusion: “Refractory burning mouth syndrome deserves bottomless psychiatric evaluation and management when currently available treatments fail.” […] Recent Research on Burning Mouth Syndrome Treatments: Placebo, Alpha-lipoic acid, Nerve blocks, Photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy), Hormone Replacement Therapy, Capsaicin, Amitriptyline. […] Sometimes surgery can cause Burning Mouth Syndrome. […] The researchers concluded: “Sexual hormones can be altered in Burning Mouth Syndrome, especially estradiol.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome (Burning Tongue): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/burning-mouth-syndrome-facts

  Avoid alcohol, including mouthwashes with alcohol. […] Avoid cinnamon and mint. […] Avoid spicy foods. […] Avoid tobacco. […] Drink a lot of fluids. […] Manage stress with yoga or hobbies. […] Stay socially active or join a pain support group. […] If you are searching for ways to ease your BMS symptoms quickly, you can start by drinking cold water and sucking on ice chips. You can also chew sugar-free gum, which will help you make more saliva. These steps can help you fight dry mouth and reduce pain.

• #2 A systematic review of treatment for patients with burning mouth syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8793318/

  Ten days of 30,000 pulses of rTMS therapy over the left GDLPFC significant reduced VAS score. […] The hypothesis of wearing the tongue protector to prevent continuous irritation of tongue on teeth or denture has a statistically significant difference in improvement in VAS score between wearer and non-wearer. […] At the end of weekly behavioural therapy for 1215 weeks, patients reported a significant improvement in their pain score for both short- and long-term effects.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Physiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1508869-overview

  Treatments for secondary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) include the following: Discontinuation of medications that may cause xerostomia, such as anticholinergics or psychotropics, Substitution of medications that may cause oral burning, Adjustment of levothyroxine dosing, Oral nystatin, Abstinence from smoking and oral tobacco use, Avoidance of allergens, Adjustment of dentures (refitting and/or substituting materials), Chewing sorbitol-containing gum to stimulate saliva, Pyridostigmine, pilocarpine, or other sialogogues, B vitamin supplementation, Zinc supplementation, Iron supplementation, Folate supplementation, Neuropathic analgesics. […] A literature review by Miziara et al of treatment studies suggested that topical clonazepam, although not a cure, offers short-term improvement of burning mouth syndrome, with studies on alpha-lipoic acid and cognitive therapy showing their effectiveness as well. However, the investigators found few randomized, controlled studies demonstrating the long-term effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid, although they reported that research did indicate that cognitive therapy produces lasting results. […] There is some emerging data to support the use of laser therapy. For example, a literature review by Al-Maweri et al found that, according to the majority of studies investigated, laser treatment appears to be capable of reducing pain in burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

• #2 Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/view.html?uid=1228&&vmd=Full

  Neuropathic pain medications such as clonazepam, anticonvulsant, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and topical capsaicin have been used and studied for the treatment of BMS. […] The most widely used and studied medication is clonazepam. […] Topical capsaicin activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and desensitizes the peripheral nociceptive C and A fibers. […] Non-pharmacological treatments for BMS have included LLLT, rTMS, and tongue protectors. […] If the patients scored high on anxiety or depression, it is strongly advised that they be referred to a psychiatrist for psychiatric intervention. […] BMS is difficult to manage and completely cure. […] Objective information and reassurance are very important in treating BMS and should be delivered to the patient.

• #2 Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome – Victoriahealth.com Ltd

  https://victoriahealth.com/editorial/treatment-for-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Vitamin B12’s benefits are widespread but from the point of view of this concern, Vitamin B12 works to maintain normal nerve growth as well as function. It is this property that may be invaluable in the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome. B12 Elite by Life Extension provides two highly absorbable source of vitamin B12 for total body protection. […] In some cases, Burning Mouth Syndrome may be associated with preservatives used in toothpastes. If burning worsens after brushing your teeth, then change your toothpaste to one such as Green People’s Fresh Mint Toothpaste with Fluoride. […] Avoid mouthwashes that contain alcohol, alcohol beverages, tobacco, hot, spicy foods and products high in acids such as citrus fruits and juices. […] There are many strategies for the treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome which also include relaxation and yoga. If you can find ways of incorporating treatments alongside therapies to cope with the pain then there is no reason why you cannot carry out your daily activities.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome

  Since theres a link between BMS and reduced estrogen levels, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may relieve symptoms in menopausal women, although more studies are needed to evaluate how effective this therapy is. […] If your doctor finds that theres a specific medical condition causing your BMS, stopping the burning sensation involves treating the underlying health problem. […] If you dont have an underlying health problem, BMS usually resolves on its own. In the meantime, take these steps to ease symptoms: […] Drink or sip cold liquids throughout the day to relieve mouth pain. Some people experience relief after drinking. […] Change your toothpaste. If burning worsens after brushing your teeth, switch to a toothpaste specifically for people with mouth sensitivities, or use baking soda as a toothpaste or mouth rinse. Dissolve a spoonful of baking soda in lukewarm water and rinse your mouth to neutralize acid and cool the burning sensation. […] Stay active and practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress, like yoga, exercise, and meditation.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14463-burning-mouth-syndrome

  Identifying the root cause isnt always possible. But when it is, it may help find treatment quicker. […] You may be able to ease burning mouth pain by doing the following: Chew sugar-free gum. (This encourages saliva production.), Drink cold water., Sip on cold beverages throughout the day., Suck on ice chips. […] These actions wont get rid of burning mouth syndrome. But they can help reduce pain during flare-ups. […] BMS treatment can provide relief within days or weeks. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific treatment and when you can expect to feel better. […] Treatment cant get rid of the condition for good, but it can help with pain and other symptoms.

• #2 Burning Mouth Treatment – Endodontic Specialists of Colorado

  https://endospec.com/burning-mouth-treatment/

  Burning Mouth Treatment Options […] Your dentist or primary doctor might determine that your BMS is caused by an underlying health issue and/or medication. If that’s the case, your doctor will work with you to treat or find a new medication for acid reflux, dry mouth, or a mouth infection. […] Primary burning mouth syndrome – or a case of BMS that has no underlying cause – usually resolves on its own. But in the meantime, it’s important to deal with the symptoms. […] Here are some steps to take during a BMS flare-up: […] Suck on small ice chips throughout the day to lessen the burning sensation. […] Drink or sip cold liquids throughout the day to relieve mouth pain. […] Avoid acidic foods, like citrus fruits. […] Avoid food and drinks that worsen or trigger the burning sensation, and limit your consumption of hot beverages and spicy foods.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/patient-education/oral-conditions/english-articles/burning-mouth-syndrome

  The first step in burning mouth syndrome treatment is to remove any local contributing factors such as infections, oral products and spicy foods. […] Therapies including stress management, yoga, psychotherapy and moderate exercise have also been found to help decrease pain intensity. […] Depending on your symptoms, some antidepressants that are used to treat anxiety may also be considered as a burning mouth syndrome treatment, alongside some topical approaches. […] Despite being benign, burning mouth syndrome can be debilitating, and so it is recommended that you visit your dental professional if you are suffering from any form of oral burning.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Symptoms & Treatment of Burning Tongue

  https://www.yourdentistryguide.com/burning-mouth/

  In addition, topical capsaicin (the natural chemical in cayenne pepper) has been used to desensitize patients suffering from burning mouth syndrome. […] However, despite the success of these approaches in certain situations, there is no universal treatment that is effective in all cases. Treatment is planned to meet the specific needs of each patient. […] Additional relief may be achieved by making some simple changes: Stop using mouthwash that contains alcohol. Stop using toothpaste that contains sodium lauryl sulfate. Chew sugarless gum, preferably sweetened with xylitol. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Use baking soda and water when brushing your teeth. Refrain from drinking beverages with high acidity (fruit juices, coffee, soft drinks). Abstain from tobacco use. Sip water or suck on ice chips.

• #2 Burning Mouth Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment

  https://amazingsmiles.com.au/burning-mouth-syndrome-causes-and-treatment/

  Psychological Support and Stress Management […] Given the significant impact of psychological factors on BMS, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychological support can be beneficial. […] Lifestyle Modifications […] Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing BMS. Patients are advised to avoid tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, and foods that are spicy, acidic, or otherwise irritating to the mouth, as these can aggravate symptoms. […] Treating Burning Mouth Syndrome effectively requires a comprehensive and personalized approach that addresses the conditions physical and psychological components. […] While there is no cure for BMS, a combination of nutritional supplementation, dry mouth management, pain relief strategies, treatment of underlying conditions, psychological support, and lifestyle changes can significantly improve symptoms and enhance quality of life.

• #2 Burning mouth syndrome

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/burning-mouth-syndrome

  In a small number of patients (3%) the condition resolves spontaneously. Over 6-7 years, half to two thirds of patients experience some improvement. There is no definitive cure. […] For many, the condition is disabling and active treatment is required. Realistic expectations of response to treatment are important. Often the first sign of response is an improvement in the altered taste. However improvement is unpredictable it may be incomplete and slow, taking several years for some. The feeling of dryness (xerostomia) is often resistant to therapy. Referral to a specialist multidisciplinary oral medicine unit may offer the best chance at mid- to long-term relief. […] Few studies have been conducted on treatment and only cognitive behaviour therapy, topical clonazepam, oral capsaicin and alpha-lipoic acid (+/- cognitive behaviour therapy) have been shown to have a positive impact in properly conducted trials. Oral capsaicin causes significant abdominal pain that may outweigh any benefit. Cognitive behaviour therapy may exert its effect through better pain-coping mechanisms.

• #2 Current management strategies for the pain of elderly patients with burning mouth syndrome: a critical review | BioPsychoSocial Medicine | Full Text

  https://bpsmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13030-019-0142-7

  Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), a chronic intraoral burning sensation or dysesthesia without clinically evident causes, is one of the most common medically unexplained oral symptoms/syndromes. […] In this review, we discuss currently hopeful management strategies, including central neuromodulators (Tricyclic Antidepressants – TCAs, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors – SNRIs, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors – SSRIs, Clonazepam) and solutions for applying non-pharmacology approaches. […] A combination of optimized medication with a short-term supportive psychotherapeutic approach might be a useful solution. […] The management of BMS had been said to be like a jumble of wheat and chaff, with little evidence to support or refute the various interventions. […] It would be accurate to say that there is no all-powerful treatment that can be effective for all BMS patients, in light of the various underlying conditions.

• #2 Treating Burning Mouth Syndrome – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/treating-burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Successful treatment of BMS is dependent on a number of factors including ascertaining a correct diagnosis followed by diagnosis confirmation, patient acceptance and understanding of the likely clinical course, and patient participation in the development of a treatment strategy. Patient compliance and feedback during treatment and the ongoing interest of the clinician are also important. […] Treatment options vary from no treatment (the most common) to physical therapy to laser therapy (seldom used). Pharmaceuticals such as anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants are often prescribed. Tricyclic antidepressants in particular have proven helpful for some patients but not all. […] Although only a limited number of properly constructed treatment trials have been conducted, treatments proven effective in controlled double-blind studies are cognitive behavior therapy; clonazepam, an anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant used either topically or systemically; and the nutritional supplement alpha-lipoic acid, which is a fatty acid found naturally inside every cell in the body that produces energy for the body’s everyday functions.

• #2 Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD002779/ORAL_interventions-treating-burning-mouth-syndrome

  We found evidence of short-term symptom relief for directed energy waves (one study, 58 participants), a type of tranquilliser used topically (that is held in the mouth before being removed, and which also acts as an antiseizure drug) called clonazepam (two studies, 111 participants), thin plastic tongue covers (one study, 50 participants), and an antiseizure drug called gabapentin (one study, 100 participants). […] We found evidence of long-term symptom relief for psychological therapy (one study, 30 participants), chili pepper mouthrinse (one study, 18 participants) and the topical tranquilliser called clonazepam (one study, 66 participants). […] Given BMS’ potentially disabling nature, the need to identify effective modes of treatment for sufferers is vital. Due to the limited number of clinical trials at low risk of bias, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any interventions in managing BMS. Further clinical trials, with improved methodology and standardised outcome sets are required in order to establish which treatments are effective. Future studies are encouraged to assess the role of treatments used in other neuropathic pain conditions and psychological therapies in the treatment of BMS.

• #3 Burning Mouth Syndrome | Orofacial Pain

  https://orofacialpain.org.uk/education/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Nortriptyline Nortriptyline, a Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is also effective in reducing pain in patients with BMS due to its analgesic action (Fenelon, Quinque, Arrive, Catros, Fricain, 2017). However, amitriptyline is related to adverse effects, such as drowsiness, xerostomia, weight gain and constipation, making it less tolerable for patients (Suga et al., 2019). In this case, gabapentin can be prescribed. Gabapentin can cause same adverse effects; however, the risk of addition is low, and some patients may tolerate it better (White, Kent, Kurtz, Emko, 2004). […] Topical Clonazepam The 2 types of treatment for BMS are pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. BMS is associated with psychological disorders, therefore, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and psychotherapy can be used to manage this syndrome (Reyad, Mishriky, Girgis, 2020). Topical clonazepam is considered as the first line therapy in patients with BMS; it improves the BMS pain, although just like any other benzodiazepines its effects is short term. It is topical as it can be associated with addiction (Heckmann, Kirchner, Grushka, Wichmann, Hummel, 2012; Tu et al., 2019; Wright, 2020).

• #3 Burning Mouth Syndrome Symptoms and 9 Home Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  According to the American Family Physicians article published on burning mouth syndrome, a capsaicin rinse can help to improve symptoms. […] In fact, one of the studies found that symptoms improved in 80 percent of patients who were given capsaicin. […] If you are experiencing symptoms of burning mouth and any signs of vitamin B12 deficiencies, boosting your intake of B12 is highly recommended. […] In addition to a vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiencies are also considered a burning mouth syndrome cause. […] Like a vitamin B12 or iron deficiency, zinc deficiencies have been linked to burning mouth syndrome. […] In order to relieve symptoms of burning mouth syndrome, mix 1/3 cup of warm water with 1 teaspoons of baking soda together in a mug. […] To combat the dryness itself, and to protect yourself against the side effects of dry mouth, using an all-natural mouth rinse, or oil pulling, can provide some relief.

• #3 Burning Mouth Syndrome Symptoms and 9 Home Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/burning-mouth-syndrome/

  Some patients report that placing a teaspoon of local, raw honey on your tongue and swishing it around will temporarily relieve the burning sensation. […] A study published in the journal Oral Medicine and Pathology found that 600 mg/day of alpha lipoic acid was effective in improving burning mouth syndrome symptoms. […] Participating in regular aerobic exercise and activities, including yoga and guided meditation, can help reduce the stress load while you are searching for relief from the symptoms. […] Natural remedies may help to reduce the discomfort, pain, dry mouth and depression associated with burning mouth syndrome. […] Nine home remedies to help burning mouth syndrome symptoms include capsaicin rinses, vitamin B12, iron-rich foods, zinc, baking soda, mouth rinse, honey, alpha lipoic acid and stress-relieving activities.

• #3 Understanding Burning Mouth Syndrome: Causes and Treatment

  https://mediahometowndental.com/understanding-burning-mouth-syndrome/

  While there is no universal cure for Burning Mouth Syndrome, several treatments can help alleviate symptoms. The treatment approach will depend on whether the condition is classified as primary or secondary BMS. […] Effective Treatment Approaches […] Medications: For those with nerve-related BMS, certain medications such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or pain relievers can help manage pain and discomfort by targeting nerve pain pathways. […] Hormone Replacement Therapy: In cases linked to menopause, hormone therapy may help alleviate symptoms by balancing hormone levels. […] Nutritional Supplements: If nutritional deficiencies cause the BMS, your doctor may recommend supplements like iron, zinc, or vitamin B12 to restore balance. […] Saliva Substitutes: For individuals with dry mouth, saliva substitutes or mouthwashes designed to stimulate saliva production can provide relief.

• #3 Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review

  https://www.journalomp.org/view.html?uid=1228&&vmd=Full

  Treatment for Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Clinical Review J Oral Med Pain 2023;48:11-15 Published online March 30, 2023; https://doi.org/10.14476/jomp.2023.48.1.11 […] There is pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy in the treatment modalities of BMS. […] The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce the patient’s pain so that it does not interfere with daily life, and to eventually improve the patient’s quality of life. Pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), tongue protector, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are the treatment modalities. […] The first step in the BMS treatment is informative intervention and reassurance. […] A doctors reassurance is very important. […] After 6 months, the informative intervention and reassurance in BMS treatment reduced pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and improved quality of life.

• #4 Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome

  https://askthedentist.com/burning-mouth/

  Iron-rich foods can also help. In one study, 53% of patients with BMS had an iron deficiency, and foods like many of the B12 foods mentioned above, dark chocolate, lentils, pistachios, raisins, spinach, and spirulina. […] Alpha lipoic acid supplementation made an improvement in 64% of patients. Foods with a high level of alpha lipoic acid include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, tomatoes, peas, and beets. […] A capsaicin rinse can improve symptoms in 80% of patients. Capsaicin is a chemical found in chili peppers, and has been shown to treat peripheral nerve pain. […] Baking soda rinse. This cost-effective solution is easy to whip up when burning mouth hits. Just grab a mug and combine one third of a cup of water with a teaspoon and teaspoon of baking soda. […] Reducing stress. Stress and any resulting depression or anxiety can be risk factors for burning mouth syndrome. Reducing this stress can reduce the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome. Implementing calming practices like yoga, journaling, or even cognitive behavioral therapy can regulate symptoms and improve quality of life. […] Stay hydrated. Sucking (not chewing!) on ice chips, taking frequent sips of water, and chewing on sugarless gum can all keep the mouth hydrated and saliva production at helpful levels.

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